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Attiq A, Afzal S. Trinity of inflammation, innate immune cells and cross-talk of signalling pathways in tumour microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255727. [PMID: 37680708 PMCID: PMC10482416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation is a pathological consequence of persistent inflammatory stimulus and perturbation in regulatory mechanisms. It increases the risk of tumour development and orchestrates all stages of tumorigenesis in selected organs. In certain cancers, inflammatory processes create the appropriate conditions for neoplastic transformation. While in other types, oncogenic changes pave the way for an inflammatory microenvironment that leads to tumour development. Of interest, hallmarks of tumour-promoting and cancer-associated inflammation are striking similar, sharing a complex network of stromal (fibroblasts and vascular cells) and inflammatory immune cells that collectively form the tumour microenvironment (TME). The cross-talks of signalling pathways initially developed to support homeostasis, change their role, and promote atypical proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and subversion of adaptive immunity in TME. These transcriptional and regulatory pathways invariably contribute to cancer-promoting inflammation in chronic inflammatory disorders and foster "smouldering" inflammation in the microenvironment of various tumour types. Besides identifying common target sites of numerous cancer types, signalling programs and their cross-talks governing immune cells' plasticity and functional diversity can be used to develop new fate-mapping and lineage-tracing mechanisms. Here, we review the vital molecular mechanisms and pathways that establish the connection between inflammation and tumour development, progression, and metastasis. We also discussed the cross-talks between signalling pathways and devised strategies focusing on these interaction mechanisms to harness synthetic lethal drug combinations for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Pang Q, You L, Meng X, Li Y, Deng T, Li D, Zhu B. Regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway: The promising targets for cardiovascular disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115587. [PMID: 37187275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Individuals have known that Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway was involved in the growth of the cell, cell differentiation courses advancement, immune cellular survival, as well as hematopoietic system advancement. Researches in the animal models have already uncovered a JAK/STAT regulatory function in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), acute myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, myocarditis, heart failure, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Evidences originating in these studies indicate a therapeutic JAK/STAT function in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this retrospection, various JAK/STAT functions in the normal and ill hearts were described. Moreover, the latest figures about JAK/STAT were summarized under the background of CVDs. Finally, we discussed the clinical transformation prospects and technical limitations of JAK/STAT as the potential therapeutic targets for CVDs. This collection of evidences has essential meanings for the clinical application of JAK/STAT as medicinal agents for CVDs. In this retrospection, various JAK/STAT functions in the normal and ill hearts were described. Moreover, the latest figures about JAK/STAT were summarized under the background of CVDs. Finally, we discussed the clinical transformation prospects and toxicity of JAK/STAT inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets for CVDs. This collection of evidences has essential meanings for the clinical application of JAK/STAT as medicinal agents for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Pang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu You
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Deng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deyong Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingmei Zhu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Mourouzis I, Kounatidis D, Brozou V, Anagnostopoulos D, Katsaouni A, Lourbopoulos A, Pantos C. Effects of T3 Administration on Ex Vivo Rat Hearts Subjected to Normothermic Perfusion: Therapeutic Implications in Donor Heart Preservation and Repair. Transpl Int 2023; 36:10742. [PMID: 36824295 PMCID: PMC9941138 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.10742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) administration in ex vivo model of rat heart normothermic perfusion. T3 is cardioprotective and has the potential to repair the injured myocardium. Isolated hearts were subjected to normothermic perfusion (NP) with Krebs-Henseleit for 4 h with vehicle (NP) or 60 nM T3 in the perfusate (NP + T3). Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), perfusion pressure (PP) and percentage of change of these parameters from the baseline values were measured. Activation of stress induced kinase signaling was assessed in tissue samples. Baseline parameters were similar between groups. LVEDP was increased from the baseline by 13% (70) for NP + T3 vs. 139% (160) for NP group, p = 0.048. LVDP was reduced by 18.2% (5) for NP + T3 vs. 25.3% (19) for NP group, p = 0.01. PP was increased by 41% (19) for NP + T3 vs.91% (56) for NP group, p = 0.024. T3 increased activation of pro-survival Akt by 1.85 fold (p = 0.047) and AMPK by 2.25 fold (p = 0.01) and reduced activation of pro-apoptotic p38 MAPK by 3fold (p = 0.04) and p54 JNK by 4.0 fold (p = 0.04). Administration of T3 in normothermic perfusion had favorable effects on cardiac function and perfusion pressure and switched death to pro-survival kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Brozou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Katsaouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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4
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Zhang F, Shi D, Wang X, Zhang Y, Duan W, Li Y. β-cryptoxanthin alleviates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signalling in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1128-1135. [PMID: 32362203 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1760302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the function and molecular mechanism of β-cryptoxanthin on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Left anterior descending coronary artery ligation with reperfusion was utilised to establish a MIRI rat model. The results indicated that β-cryptoxanthin decreases infarct size and ameliorates signs of pathological histology in MIRI. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the serum were attenuated in response to β-cryptoxanthin treatment, serum LDH and CK-MB activities were also decreased. Immunohistochemical analysis and western blot results suggested that p65 was translocated to the nucleus in the I/R injury rat model. However, in the β-cryptoxanthin administration group, p65 expression and activity in the nucleus were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, p-p38 MAPK levels in response to β-cryptoxanthin were decreased, indicating that MAPK is involved in NF-κB signalling pathway regulation. In conclusion, β-cryptoxanthin alleviates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signalling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Shi
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinduo Wang
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Duan
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Myosin Light Chain Kinase Modulates to Improve Myocardial Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:8124343. [PMID: 35378949 PMCID: PMC8976627 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8124343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) knockdown attenuated H9C2 cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury and downstream signaling pathway. Methods The MLCK expression in H/R injury model H9C2 cell was determined by western blot and qRT-PCR. H/R cells were transfected with si-MLCK in the presence of P38 inhibitor (SB203580) or ERK inhibitor (U0126). Then, cell apoptosis was verified by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blot. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin (IL)-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using flow cytometry and colorimetric assays, respectively. Results MLCK expression was higher in H/R cells. Knockdown of MLCK diminished the amounts of ROS, LDH, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and elevated the release of SOD in H/R model H9C2 cells. Additionally, H/R injury induced the cumulative expression and phosphorylation of ERK and the phosphorylation of P38, whereas MLCK siRNA-treated cells showed decreased ERK1/2 and P38 activation. Inversely, P38 inhibitor (SB203580) and ERK inhibitor (U0126) could reverse the cardioprotective effects induced by si-MLCK. Conclusion MLCK knockdown attenuated H/R injury in H9C2 cells via regulating the ERK/P38 signaling pathway. MLCK/ERK/p38 axis may provide novel insight into therapeutic targets to restrain I/R injury caused by revascularization therapy after acute myocardial infarction.
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Tolomeo AM, Fabozzo A, Malvicini R, De Lazzari G, Bisaccia P, Gaburro G, Arcidiacono D, Notarangelo D, Caicci F, Zanella F, Marchesan M, Yannarelli G, Santovito G, Muraca M, Gerosa G. Temperature-Related Effects of Myocardial Protection Strategies in Swine Hearts after Prolonged Warm Ischemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030476. [PMID: 35326125 PMCID: PMC8944743 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient supply of cardiac grafts represents a severe obstacle in heart transplantation. Donation after circulatory death (DCD), in addition to conventional donation after brain death, is one promising option to overcome the organ shortage. However, DCD organs undergo an inevitably longer period of unprotected warm ischemia between circulatory arrest and graft procurement. In this scenario, we aim to improve heart preservation after a warm ischemic period of 20 min by testing different settings of myocardial protective strategies. Pig hearts were collected from a slaughterhouse and assigned to one of the five experimental groups: baseline (BL), cold cardioplegia (CC), cold cardioplegia + adenosine (CC-ADN), normothermic cardioplegia (NtC + CC) or normothermic cardioplegia + cold cardioplegia + adenosine (NtC-ADN + CC). After treatment, tissue biopsies were taken to assess mitochondrial morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and cytokine and chemokine expressions. NtC + CC treatment significantly prevented mitochondria swelling and mitochondrial cristae loss. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activity was lower in this group, as was lipid peroxidation, and the pro-inflammatory chemokine GM-CSF was diminished. Finally, we demonstrated that normothermic cardioplegia preserved mitochondria morphology, thus preventing oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory response. Therefore, normothermic cardioplegia is a better approach to preserve the heart after a warm ischemia period, with respect to cold cardioplegia, before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.T.); (D.N.); (G.G.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Assunta Fabozzo
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212413
| | - Ricardo Malvicini
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB) CONICET—Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires 1078, Argentina;
| | - Giada De Lazzari
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Paola Bisaccia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Gaburro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.G.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Denni Notarangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.T.); (D.N.); (G.G.)
| | - Federico Caicci
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.G.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Fabio Zanella
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | | | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB) CONICET—Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires 1078, Argentina;
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.G.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.M.T.); (D.N.); (G.G.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.M.); (G.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
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Asadollahi H, Vaez Torshizi R, Ehsani A, Masoudi AA. An association of CEP78, MEF2C, VPS13A and ARRDC3 genes with survivability to heat stress in an F 2 chicken population. J Anim Breed Genet 2022; 139:574-582. [PMID: 35218583 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a serious problem in the poultry industry. An effective tool for improving heat tolerance can be genomic selection based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. This study was performed to identify genomic regions controlling survivability to heat stress in a population of F2 chickens that accidentally experienced acute heat stress, using Illumina 60K Chicken SNP Bead Chip. After quality control in markers, 47,730 SNPs remained for genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS results indicated that markers Gga_rs16111480 (p = 8.503e-08), GGaluGA354375 (p = 5.99e-07) and Gga_rs14748694 (p = 7.085e-07) located on Z chromosome showed significant association with heat stress tolerance trait. The Gga_rs16111480 marker was located inside the CEP78 gene. The marker GGaluGA354375 was located inside the LOC101752071 gene and next to the MEF2C gene. The Gga_rs14748694 marker was adjacent to LOC101752071 and MEF2C genes. Moreover, the SNP maker of Gga_rs16111480 was located on 243 kb downstream of the VPS13A gene, and the GGaluGA354375 and Gga_rs14748694 SNPs were located on 947 kb and 888 kb downstream of the ARRDC3 gene, respectively. The results of this study suggest that apart from the gene LOC101752071, which its function was unknown, each of the two MEF2C and CEP78 genes were found to be closely related to heat stress resistance in bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Asadollahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Vaez Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ehsani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Comità S, Femmino S, Thairi C, Alloatti G, Boengler K, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Regulation of STAT3 and its role in cardioprotection by conditioning: focus on non-genomic roles targeting mitochondrial function. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:56. [PMID: 34642818 PMCID: PMC8510947 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the biggest challenges for cardiovascular researchers given the huge death toll caused by myocardial ischemic disease. Cardioprotective conditioning strategies, namely pre- and post-conditioning maneuvers, represent the most important strategies for stimulating pro-survival pathways essential to preserve cardiac health. Conditioning maneuvers have proved to be fundamental for the knowledge of the molecular basis of both IRI and cardioprotection. Among this evidence, the importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) emerged. STAT3 is not only a transcription factor but also exhibits non-genomic pro-survival functions preserving mitochondrial function from IRI. Indeed, STAT3 is emerging as an influencer of mitochondrial function to explain the cardioprotection phenomena. Studying cardioprotection, STAT3 proved to be crucial as an element of the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway, which converges on mitochondria and influences their function by cross-talking with other cardioprotective pathways. Clearly there are still some functional properties of STAT3 to be discovered. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the evidence that places STAT3 as a promoter of the metabolic network. In particular, we focus on the possible interactions of STAT3 with processes aimed at maintaining mitochondrial functions, including the regulation of the electron transport chain, the production of reactive oxygen species, the homeostasis of Ca2+ and the inhibition of opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Then we consider the role of STAT3 and the parallels between STA3/STAT5 in cardioprotection by conditioning, giving emphasis to the human heart and confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Saveria Femmino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy
| | | | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy.
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy.
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Eid RA, Zaki MSA, Alaa Eldeen M, Alshehri MM, Shati AA, El-Kott AF. Exendin-4 protects the hearts of rats from ischaemia/reperfusion injury by boosting antioxidant levels and inhibition of JNK/p 66 Shc/NADPH axis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1240-1253. [PMID: 32149419 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, was shown to protect against cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by suppressing oxidative stress. p66 Shc, a pro-oxidant and an apoptotic protein, is activated in the infarcted left ventricles (LVs) after induction of I/R. This study investigated if the cardiac protective effect of Exendin-4 against I/R injury in rats involves inhibition of p66 Shc and to determine the underlying mechanisms behind this. Adult male rats (n = 12/group) were divided into four groups as a sham, a sham + Exendin-4, an I/R, and an I/R + Exendin-4. Exendin-4 was administered to rats 7 days before the induction of I/R. Ischaemia was induced by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion for 10 minutes. The infarct myocardium was used for further analysis. Exendin-4 significantly reduced infarct area (by 62%), preserved LV function and lowered serum levels of LDH and CK-MB in I/R-induced rats. Also, it significantly reduced LV levels of ROS and MDA and protein levels of cytochrome-c and cleaved caspase-3 but significantly increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in LVs of I/R rats indicating antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Furthermore, it inhibited JNK and p66 Shc activation and downregulated protein levels of p66 Shc and NADPH oxidase with no effect on protein levels/activity of p53 and PKCβII. Of note, Exendin-4 also increased GSH and MnSOD in LVs of control rats. In conclusion, Exendin-4 cardioprotective effect in I/R hearts is mediated mainly by antioxidant effect and inhibition of JNK/P66 Shc/NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Biology Department, Physiology Section, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Majed M Alshehri
- Central laboratories, King Faisal Medical City (southern region), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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10
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Xu T, Zhang K, Kan F, Li F, Yu B, Du W, Nie H. Adeno-associated Virus 9-mediated Small RNA Interference of TLR4 Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Rats. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:127-135. [PMID: 30854968 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190311122521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intensive investigation, effective therapeutic procedures for myocardial I/R injury are still in demand. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated small interfering RNA targeting TLR4 in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and its influence on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. METHODS Rats were divided into 3 groups, namely, the sham, AAV9-siRNA control, and AAV9-TLR4 siRNA groups. siRNA solution or normal saline was injected through the tail vain. The rat myocardial I/R injury model was then established. HE staining and TUNEL staining were applied to compare the pathological changes in cardiomyocytes in the three groups. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were utilized to detect TLR4 expression under siRNA interference. Serum inflammatory factor (IL-1β, TNF-α) expression was determined by an ELISA commercial kit. Key proteins in the MAPK (p38, JNK 1/2) and NF-κB (p65) signaling pathways were determined to identify the TLR4 siRNA functional mechanism. RESULTS Fluorescence microscopic images of the myocardium indicated that AAV9- mediated siRNA was efficiently transfected into the myocardium, and the infarcted size after I/R injury was decreased by AAV9-TLR4 siRNA when compared with negative control rats (P<0.05). TLR4 protein expression was significantly decreased by siRNA interference (P<0.001). Apoptosis-related factor BCL-2 expression was increased in the TLR4 gene silencing group, whereas Bax expression was decreased. The Bax/BCL-2 ratio was also decreased, demonstrating a protective effect for cardiomyocytes. Inflammatory factors were lower in the TLR4 gene silencing group than in the siRNA control group (P<0.001). The MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were activated in myocardial I/R injury; however, the primary proteins in these two signaling pathways were downregulated upon interference of TLR4 siRNA, with significant differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSION AAV9-TLR4 siRNA has a positive effect on myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and can be used as a potential therapeutic method for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kuikui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | | | - Fengqin Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Honggang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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11
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Yuan L, Yu L, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Li C, Zhou B, Hu X, Xu G, Tang Y. Long non‑coding RNA H19 protects H9c2 cells against hypoxia‑induced injury by activating the PI3K/AKT and ERK/p38 pathways. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1709-1716. [PMID: 32319634 PMCID: PMC7057826 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury often leads to adverse cardiovascular outcomes due to severe hypoxia. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanism of long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) on rat H9c2 cells with hypoxia-induced injury. H9c2 cells were infected with lentiviruses to express H19 or H19-targeting short hairpin RNA (shRNA), or their respective controls, at a multiplicity of infection of 1:100. H19 expression was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Hypoxic injury was induced and assessed by analyzing the level of apoptosis, the cell cycle distribution and the mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometry in the different groups. The expression of the PI3K/AKT and the ERK/p38 signaling pathways were analyzed using western blotting. It was found that hypoxia stimulated apoptosis, induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and increased the mitochondrial depolarization rate in H9c2 cells. When compared with the hypoxic model group, the H19 overexpression group had a significantly reduced rate of apoptosis (P=0.016), a smaller G1 population and a higher S phase population (P=0.018 and P=0.031, respectively), and a reduced mitochondrial depolarization rate (P=0.036). By contrast, the H19 shRNA group exhibited the opposite trends, suggesting that hypoxia-induced injury was alleviated by the overexpression of H19 and was aggravated by the knockdown of H19. The present mechanistic studies revealed that H19 may decrease hypoxia-induced cell injury by activating the PI3K/AKT and ERK/p38 pathways. The results of the present study suggested that H19 may alleviate hypoxia-induced myocardial cell injury through the activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK/p38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Leitao Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guohai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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12
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AlAsmari AF, Ali N, AlAsmari F, AlAnazi WA, AlShammari MA, Al-Harbi NO, Alhoshani A, As Sobeai HM, AlSwayyed M, AlAnazi MM, AlGhamdi NS. Liraglutide attenuates gefitinib-induced cardiotoxicity and promotes cardioprotection through the regulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:509-518. [PMID: 32273812 PMCID: PMC7132601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is an effective treatment for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. However, it is associated with cardiotoxicity that can limit its clinical use. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, showed potent cardioprotective effects with the mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficiency of liraglutide in protecting the heart from damage induced by gefitinib. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, liraglutide group (200 µg/kg by i.p. injection), gefitinib group (30 mg/kg orally) and liraglutide plus gefitinib group. After 28 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for histopathological, biochemical, gene and protein analysis. We demonstrated that gefitinib treatment (30 mg/kg) resulted in cardiac damage as evidenced by histopathological studies. Furthermore, serum Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) were markedly elevated in gefitinib group. Pretreatment with liraglutide (200 µg/kg), however, restored the elevation in serum markers and diminished gefitinib-induced cardiac damage. Moreover, liraglutide improved the gene and protein levels of anti-oxidant (superoxide dismutase) and decreased the oxidative stress marker (NF-κB). Mechanistically, liraglutide offered protection through upregulation of the survival kinases (ERK1/2 and Akt) and downregulation of stress-activated kinases (JNK and P38). In this study, we provide evidence that liraglutide protects the heart from gefitinib-induced cardiac damage through its anti-oxidant property and through the activation of survival kinases.
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Key Words
- Akt, Protein kinase B
- Antioxidant
- CK-MB, Creatine kinase-MB
- Cardioprotection
- Cardiotoxicity
- EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK1/2, Extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2
- GEF, Gefitinib
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide-1
- Gefitinib
- JNK, C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- LIRA, Liraglutide
- Liraglutide
- MAPK
- MAPK, Mitogen activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide
- RTKIs, Receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors
- RTKs, Receptor tyrosine kinases
- cTnI, cardiac Troponin-I
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A AlAnazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A AlShammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M As Sobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlSwayyed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M AlAnazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader S AlGhamdi
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh 14214, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Kongpol K, Nernpermpisooth N, Prompunt E, Kumphune S. Endothelial-Cell-Derived Human Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) Protects Cardiomyocytes against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110678. [PMID: 31683729 PMCID: PMC6920779 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors play an important role in endothelial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk and could save cardiomyocytes (CMs) from injury. The manipulation of endothelial cells to secrete protective factors could enhance cardioprotection. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) has been known to protect the heart. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro paracrine protective effect and mechanisms of EC-derived human SLPI on cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Stable endothelial cells overexpressing human SLPI were generated from an endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). The cytoprotective effect was determined by cell survival assay. The results showed that endothelial-derived recombinant human SLPI (rhSLPI) reduced simulated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-(81.75% ± 1.42% vs. 60.27% ± 2.52%, p < 0.05) and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced EC injury (83.57% ± 1.78% vs. 63.07% ± 1.93%, p < 0.05). Moreover, co-culture of ECs overexpressing rhSLPI with CMs at ratios 1:1 and 1:3 or treatment with conditioned medium enhanced cell viability by 10.51-16.7% (co-culture) and 15.25-20.45% (conditioned medium) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, caspase-3, and caspase-8, and in preconditioned CMs by activation of p38 MAPK and Akt survival kinase. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that EC-derived rhSLPI provided cardio-vasculoprotective effects against I/R injury as a possible alternative therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantapich Kongpol
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Nitirut Nernpermpisooth
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Eakkapote Prompunt
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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14
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Chen CW, Hu S, Tsui KH, Hwang GS, Chen ST, Tang TK, Cheng HT, Yu JW, Wang HC, Juang HH, Wang PS, Wang SW. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Gossypol on Human Lymphocytic Jurkat Cells via Regulation of MAPK Signaling and Cell Cycle. Inflammation 2019; 41:2265-2274. [PMID: 30136021 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from cottonseed oil, has been reported to possess pharmacological properties via modulation cell cycle and immune signaling pathway. However, whether gossypol has anti-inflammatory effects against phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced cytokine secretion in T lymphocytes through similar mechanism remains unclear. Using the T lymphocytes Jurkat cell line, we found that PHA exposure caused dramatic increase in interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA expression as well as IL-2 secretion. All of these PHA-stimulated reactions were attenuated in a dose-dependent manner by being pretreated with gossypol. However, gossypol did not show any in vitro cytotoxic effect at doses of 5-20 μM. As a possible mechanism underlying gossypol action, such as pronounced suppression IL-2 release, robust decreased PHA-induced phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase expressions was found with gossypol pretreatment, but not significant phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. Furthermore, gossypol could suppress the Jurkat cells' growth, which was associated with increased percentage of G1/S phase and decreased fraction of G2 phase in flow cytometry test. We conclude that gossypol exerts anti-inflammatory effects probably through partial attenuation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (phosphorylated JNK and p38) signaling and cell cycle arrest in Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sindy Hu
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Division of Geriatric Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Bioinformation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Shyang Hwang
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Tah Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tswen-Kei Tang
- Department of Nursing, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tsai Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wen Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Chiu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Bioinformation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Paulus S Wang
- Medical Center of Aging Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Shyi-Wu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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15
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Shvedova M, Anfinogenova Y, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs) in Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:715. [PMID: 30026697 PMCID: PMC6041399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the literature regarding the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) in cerebral and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Numerous studies demonstrate that JNK-mediated signaling pathways play an essential role in cerebral and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. JNK-associated mechanisms are involved in preconditioning and post-conditioning of the heart and the brain. The literature and our own studies suggest that JNK inhibitors may exert cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. The effects of modulating the JNK-depending pathways in the brain and the heart are reviewed. Cardioprotective and neuroprotective mechanisms of JNK inhibitors are discussed in detail including synthetic small molecule inhibitors (AS601245, SP600125, IQ-1S, and SR-3306), ion channel inhibitor GsMTx4, JNK-interacting proteins, inhibitors of mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) and MLK-interacting proteins, inhibitors of glutamate receptors, nitric oxide (NO) donors, and anesthetics. The role of JNKs in ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart in diabetes mellitus is discussed in the context of comorbidities. According to reviewed literature, JNKs represent promising therapeutic targets for protection of the brain and the heart against ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, respectively. However, different members of the JNK family exert diverse physiological properties which may not allow for systemic administration of non-specific JNK inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. Currently available candidate JNK inhibitors with high therapeutic potential are identified. The further search for selective JNK3 inhibitors remains an important task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shvedova
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- RASA Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
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16
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Yu Q, Wu M, Sheng L, Li Q, Xie F. Therapeutic effects of targeting RAS-ERK signaling in giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1184-1194. [PMID: 29736211 PMCID: PMC5934577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) exhibit an activating mutation in NRAS. Constitutive activation of the RAS-ERK signaling pathway induces proliferation in nevus cells and plays a pivotal role in melanoma development. In this study, we studied the efficacy of RAS-ERK pathway targeted therapy in GCMN. We isolated nevus cells from GCMN (GNCs) and compared the morphology of GNCs with normal melanocytes and the A375 melanoma cell line. Proliferation curves of GNCs and A375 cells were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Cell cycle distribution was measured using flow cytometry. The RAS-ERK pathway inhibitors Vemurafenib and Trametinib, which are used in melanoma therapy, were applied. After inhibitor treatment, GNCs were analyzed for apoptosis and the protein expression of ERK, p-ERK, P38, p-P38 and P53. We found that compared with A375 cells, the cultured GNCs exhibited a higher G1 phase population and a lower proliferation rate. Both Vemurafenib and Trametinib treatment induced GNCs apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with Vemurafenib having a stronger effect. With inhibitor treatment, ERK activation was greatly suppressed, while the expression of p-P38 exhibited no obvious change. Vemurafenib treatment also increased the level of P53 protein in GNCs. These findings suggested that Vemurafenib treatment may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of GCMN via targeting of the RAS-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiong Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Sheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, P. R. China
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17
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Febuxostat Modulates MAPK/NF- κBp65/TNF- α Signaling in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8095825. [PMID: 29138678 PMCID: PMC5613710 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8095825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase have been implicated in producing myocardial damage following reperfusion of an occluded coronary artery. We investigated and compared the effect of febuxostat and allopurinol in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury with a focus on the signaling pathways involved. Male Wistar rats were orally administered vehicle (CMC) once daily (sham and IR + control), febuxostat (10 mg/kg/day; FEB10 + IR), or allopurinol (100 mg/kg/day; ALL100 + IR) for 14 days. On the 15th day, the IR-control and treatment groups were subjected to one-stage left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation for 45 minutes followed by a 60-minute reperfusion. Febuxostat and allopurinol pretreatment significantly improved cardiac function and maintained morphological alterations. They also attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by suppressing the expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3), reducing TUNEL-positive cells, and increasing the level of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). The MAPK-based molecular mechanism revealed suppression of active JNK and p38 proteins concomitant with the rise in ERK1/ERK2, a prosurvival kinase. Additionally, a reduction in the level of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB) was also observed. The changes observed with febuxostat were remarkable in comparison with those observed with allopurinol. Febuxostat protects relatively better against IR injury than allopurinol by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis mediating the MAPK/NF-κBp65/TNF-α pathway.
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18
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V A, Nayar PG, Murugesan R, S S, Krishnan J, Ahmed SSSJ. A systems biology and proteomics-based approach identifies SRC and VEGFA as biomarkers in risk factor mediated coronary heart disease. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2594-604. [PMID: 27279347 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death worldwide. The burden of CHD increases with risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Several studies have demonstrated the association of these classical risk factors with CHD. However, the mechanisms of these associations remain largely unclear due to the complexity of disease pathophysiology and the lack of an integrative approach that fails to provide a definite understanding of molecular linkage. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel systems biology approach that relates causative genes, interactomes and pathways to elucidate the risk factors mediating the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers for feasible diagnosis. The literature was mined to retrieve the causative genes of each risk factor and CHD to construct protein interactomes. The interactomes were examined to identify 298 common molecular signatures. The common signatures were mapped to the tissue network to synthesize a sub-network consisting of 82 proteins. Further, the dissection of the sub-network provides functional modules representing a diverse range of molecular functions, including the AKT/p13k, MAPK and wnt pathways. Also, the prioritization of functional modules identifies SRC, VEGFA and HIF1A as potential candidate markers. Further, we validate these candidates with the existing markers CRP, NOS3 and VCAM1 in the serum of 63 individuals, 33 with CHD and 30 controls, using ELISA. SRC, VEGFA, H1F1A, CRP and NOS3 were significantly altered in patients compared to controls. These results support the utility of these candidate markers for the diagnosis of CHD. Overall, our molecular observations indicate the influence of risk factors in the pathophysiology of CHD and identify serum markers for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandar V
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep G Nayar
- Department of Cardiology, Chettinad Super Specialty Hospital, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Murugesan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shajahan S
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shiek S S J Ahmed
- Drug Discovery Lab, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Kim S, Chin YW, Cho J. Protection of Cultured Cortical Neurons by Luteolin against Oxidative Damage through Inhibition of Apoptosis and Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:256-265. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Mudaliar H, Rayner B, Billah M, Kapoor N, Lay W, Dona A, Bhindi R. Remote ischemic preconditioning attenuates EGR-1 expression following myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:729-741. [PMID: 27888751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) protects the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury however the molecular pathways involved in cardioprotection are yet to be fully delineated. Transcription factor Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is a key upstream activator in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we elucidated the role of RIPC in modulating the regulation of Egr-1. METHODS This study subjected rats to transient blockade of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery with or without prior RIPC of the hind-limb muscle and thereafter excised the heart 24h following surgical intervention. In vitro, rat cardiac myoblast H9c2 cells were exposed to ischemic preconditioning by subjecting them to 3cycles of alternating nitrogen-flushed hypoxia and normoxia. These preconditioned media were added to recipient H9c2 cells which were then subjected to 30min of hypoxia followed by 30min of normoxia to simulate myocardial I/R injury. Thereafter, the effects of RIPC on cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory markers were assessed. RESULTS We showed reduced infarct size and suppressed Egr-1 in the heart of rats when RIPC was administered to the hind leg. In vitro, we showed that RIPC improved cell viability, reduced apoptosis and attenuated Egr-1 in recipient cells. CONCLUSIONS Selective inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways confirmed that RIPC increased production of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) via activation of the JAK-STAT pathway which then inactivated I/R-induced ERK 1/2 signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the suppression of Egr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mudaliar
- North Shore Heart Research Foundation, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - B Rayner
- North Shore Heart Research Foundation, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - M Billah
- North Shore Heart Research Foundation, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - N Kapoor
- North Shore Heart Research Foundation, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - W Lay
- North Shore Heart Research Foundation, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - A Dona
- North Shore Heart Research Foundation, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - R Bhindi
- North Shore Heart Research Foundation, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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21
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Oghumu S, Nori U, Bracewell A, Zhang J, Bott C, Nadasdy GM, Brodsky SV, Pelletier R, Satoskar AR, Nadasdy T, Satoskar AA. Differential gene expression pattern in biopsies with renal allograft pyelonephritis and allograft rejection. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:1115-33. [PMID: 27352120 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Differentiating acute pyelonephritis (APN) from acute rejection (AR) in renal allograft biopsies can sometimes be difficult because of overlapping clinical and histologic features, lack of positive urine cultures,and variable response to antibiotics. We wanted to study differential gene expression between AR and APN using biopsy tissue. Thirty-three biopsies were analyzed using NanoString multiplex platform and PCR (6 transplant baseline biopsies, 8 AR, 15 APN [8 culture positive, 7 culture negative], and 4 native pyelonephritis [NP]). Additional 22 biopsies were tested by PCR to validate the results. CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IDO1 were the top differentially expressed genes, upregulated in AR. Lactoferrin (LTF) and CXCL1 were higher in APN and NP. No statistically significant difference in transcript levels was seen between culture-positive and culture-negative APN biopsies. Comparing the overall mRNA signature using Ingenuity pathway analysis, interferon-gamma emerged as the dominant upstream regulator in AR and allograft APN, but not in NP (which clustered separately). Our study suggests that chemokine pathways in graft APN may differ from NP and in fact resemble AR, due to a component of alloreactivity, resulting in variable response to antibiotic treatment. Therefore, cautious addition of steroids might help in resistant cases of graft APN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Uday Nori
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Bracewell
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cherri Bott
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gyongyi M Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Pelletier
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tibor Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Anjali A Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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22
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Wang YH, Chen KM, Chiu PS, Lai SC, Su HH, Jan MS, Lin CW, Lu DY, Fu YT, Liao JM, Chang JT, Huang SS. Lumbrokinase attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 99:113-122. [PMID: 27503317 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lumbrokinase, a novel antithrombotic agent, purified from the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus, has been clinically used to treat stroke and cardiovascular diseases. However, inflammatory responses associated with the cardioprotective effect of lumbrokinase remain unknown. In this study, the signaling pathways involved in lumbrokinase-inhibited expressions of inflammation mediators were investigated in rats subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. The left main coronary artery of anesthetized rats was subjected to 1h occlusion and 3h reperfusion. The animals were treated with/without lumbrokinase and the severities of I-R-induced arrhythmias and infarction were compared. Lumbrokinase inhibited I-R-induced arrhythmias and reduced mortality, as well as decreased the lactate dehydrogenase levels in carotid blood. Lumbrokinase also inhibited the enhancement of I-R induced expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Moreover, our results demonstrated that stimulation with lumbrokinase decreases the phosphorylation of JNK, IκB, and NF-κB. These findings suggested that lumbrokinase is a potent cardioprotective drug in rats with I-R injury. The cardioprotective effects of lumbrokinase may be correlated with its inhibitory effect on the I-R-induced expressions of COX-2, iNOS and MMP-9, mediated by TLR4 signaling through JNK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Min Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Sung Chiu
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chan Lai
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hui Su
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsung Fu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi, Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiuan-Miaw Liao
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jinghua Tsai Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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23
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Arroyo-Martínez EA, Meaney A, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Rivera-Capello JM, González-Coronado V, Alcocer-Chauvet A, Castillo G, Nájera N, Ceballos G, Meaney E. Is Local Nitric Oxide Availability Responsible for Myocardial Salvage after Remote Preconditioning? Arq Bras Cardiol 2016; 107:154-62. [PMID: 27411096 PMCID: PMC5074068 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20160100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) represents an attractive therapy for
myocardial protection, particularly when ischemic events can be anticipated.
Although several hypothetic mechanisms have been proposed, no definite
molecular pathways have been elucidated. Objective: We evaluated the effect of brachial circulation cuff occlusion on myocardial
ischemic tolerance, necrosis, and nitric oxide (NO) in patients with
ischemic heart disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary
interventions (PCI). Methods: 46 patients were randomly allocated into two groups: control and RIPC before
PCI procedures. Electrocardiographic analysis, serum concentrations of
troponin I (cTn-I) were measured at baseline and 24 hours after PCI. A blood
sample from the atherosclerotic plaque was drawn to determine nitrate and
nitrites. Results: RIPC increased the availability of NO in the stented coronary artery. Control
patients presented a small but significant increase in cTn-I, whilst it
remained unchanged in preconditioned group. The preconditioning maneuver not
only preserved but also enhanced the sum of R waves. Conclusions: RIPC induced an intracoronary increase of NO levels associated with a
decrease in myocardial damage (measured as no increase in cTn-I) with
electrocardiographic increases in the sum of R waves, suggesting an improved
myocardium after elective PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Meaney
- Unidade Cardiovascular, Hospital "Primero de Octubre", Cidade do México, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Genaro Castillo
- Unidade Cardiovascular, Hospital "Primero de Octubre", Cidade do México, México
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Laboratório de Investigação Integral Cardiometabólica, Escola Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cidade do México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Laboratório de Investigação Integral Cardiometabólica, Escola Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cidade do México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Laboratório de Investigação Integral Cardiometabólica, Escola Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cidade do México, Mexico
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24
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Atochin DN, Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Seledtsov VI, Swanson H, Quinn MT, Huang PL. A novel dual NO-donating oxime and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 618:45-49. [PMID: 26923672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been shown to be an important regulator of neuronal cell death. Previously, we synthesized the sodium salt of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one (IQ-1S) and demonstrated that it was a high-affinity inhibitor of the JNK family. In the present work, we found that IQ-1S could release nitric oxide (NO) during its enzymatic metabolism by liver microsomes. Moreover, serum nitrite/nitrate concentration in mice increased after intraperitoneal injection of IQ-1S. Because of these dual actions as JNK inhibitor and NO-donor, the therapeutic potential of IQ-1S was evaluated in an animal stroke model. We subjected wild-type C57BL6 mice to focal ischemia (30min) with subsequent reperfusion (48h). Mice were treated with IQ-1S (25mg/kg) suspended in 10% solutol or with vehicle alone 30min before and 24h after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO). Using laser-Doppler flowmetry, we monitored cerebral blood flow (CBF) above the MCA during 30min of MCAO provoked by a filament and during the first 30min of subsequent reperfusion. In mice treated with IQ-1S, ischemic and reperfusion values of CBF were not different from vehicle-treated mice. However, IQ-1S treated mice demonstrated markedly reduced neurological deficit and infarct volumes as compared with vehicle-treated mice after 48h of reperfusion. Our results indicate that the novel JNK inhibitor releases NO during its oxidoreductive bioconversion and improves stroke outcome in a mouse model of cerebral reperfusion. We conclude that IQ-1S is a promising dual functional agent for the treatment of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul 656038, Russia
| | | | - Helen Swanson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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25
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Sun Y, Gao Y, Sun J, Liu X, Ma D, Ma C, Wang Y. Expression profile analysis based on DNA microarray for patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:864-872. [PMID: 26998004 PMCID: PMC4774345 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery is the most effective treatment for coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of OPCAB on the basis of the associated molecular mechanisms. GSE12486 expression profiles downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) were analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted based on the expression profiles of DEGs. Function and pathway enrichment of upregulated DEGs was performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used for miRNA enrichment analysis based on expression profiles and prediction of their association with the disease. Cytoscape was applied to construct miRNA regulatory networks of DEGs. In total 64 DEGs were identified, including 63 upregulated and 1 downregulated gene. The first principal component in the PCA analysis was able to distinguish between pre- and post-OPCAB samples. Upregulated DEGs mainly enriched 20 Gene Ontology terms, such as chemokine activity, and 5 pathways including the chemokine signaling pathway. The constructed PPI network contained 234 edges and 55 nodes, and 10 upregulated hub nodes, including FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), were screened. A total of 36 miRNAs, including MIR-224 and MIR-7, were screened by GSEA enrichment analysis. A miRNA regulatory network including 176 edges and 97 nodes was constructed, showing the regulatory relationships between miRNAs and DEGs. For example, early growth response 2 (EGR2) was regulated by 8 miRNAs including MIR-150, MIR-142-3P, MIR-367 and MIR-224. The identified DEGs might play important roles in patients pre- and post-OPCAB surgery via the regulation of associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jingnan Sun
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dashi Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chunye Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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26
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Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Tsibulnikov SY, Chauski EI, Khaliulin IG, Portnichenko AG. Role of MEK, PI3, p38, Tyrosine, and mTOR Kinases in Regulation of Heart Resistance to the Arrhythmogenic Action of Short-Term Ischemia and Reperfusion. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 158:729-31. [PMID: 25894770 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MEK, PI3, p38, tyrosine, and mTOR kinases are not involved in the regulation of heart resistance to the arrhythmogenic action of short-term ischemia/reperfusion in non-adapted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Maslov
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk, Russia,
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27
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Li M, Tang YQ, Du RH, Shi FH, Hussein HK, Dai DZ, Dai Y. CPUY11018, an azimilide derivative, ameliorates isoproterenol-induced cardiac insufficiency through relieving dysfunctional mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1029-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Deterioration of cardiac performance under stress may be partly mediated by dysfunctional mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is likely related to an activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and an increase in pro-inflammatory factors. We investigated if a new compound CPUY11018 (CPUY) derived from Azimilide could ameliorate the stress impaired cardiac performance.
Methods
Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups and were injected with isoproterenol (ISO, 1 ml/kg, s.c.) for 10 days. Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts from neonate rats were incubated with ISO. CPUY was employed and compared with apocynin (APO) – an inhibitor of NOX.
Key findings
In ISO-treated group, the compromised haemodynamics and cardiac remodelling were significant with dysfunctional mitochondria indicated by decreased MnSOD and mitochondrial membrane potential, and an enhanced reactive oxygen species genesis. Downregulation of FKBP12.6, CASQ2 and SERCA2a was also remarkable in vivo and in vitro implying an abnormal ER. Upregulated Nox4, p22phox and p47phox were significant, associated with upregulation of Src, IκBβ and NFκB, and downregulation of pAMPK/AMPK and Cx40 in vivo and in vitro. These abnormalities were relieved by CPUY and APO.
Conclusions
CPUY is potential in managing cardiac insufficiency through normalizing mitochondria and ER in the affected heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Qun Tang
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong-Hui Du
- Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Nanjing, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Hong Shi
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Humed Khan Hussein
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
| | - De-Zai Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Clements RT, Terentyev D, Sellke FW. Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels as Therapeutic Targets for Myocardial and Vascular Protection. Circ J 2015; 79:455-62. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Clements
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University
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29
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Ai Q, Sun G, Luo Y, Dong X, Hu R, Meng X, Sun X. Ginsenoside Rb1 prevents hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via an estrogen receptor-dependent crosstalk among the Akt, JNK, and ERK 1/2 pathways using a label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rb1 prevents H/R-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells via an estrogen receptor-dependent crosstalk among the Akt, JNK, and ERK 1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing
| | - Guibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing
| | - Xi Dong
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing
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30
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Abstract
Cardiac stress leads to remodelling of cardiac tissue, which often progresses to heart failure and death. Part of the remodelling process is the formation of fibrotic tissue, which is caused by exaggerated activity of cardiac fibroblasts leading to excessive extracellular matrix production within the myocardium. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a diverse group of endogenous RNA-based molecules, which include short (∼22 nucleotides) microRNAs and long ncRNAs (of >200 nucleotides). These ncRNAs can regulate important functions in many cardiovascular cells types. This Review focuses on the role of ncRNAs in cardiac fibrosis; specifically, ncRNAs as therapeutic targets, factors for direct fibroblast transdifferentation, their use as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and their potential to function as paracrine modulators of cardiac fibrosis and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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31
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Xiao J, Zhu X, Ji G, Yang Q, Kang B, Zhao J, Yao F, Wu L, Ni X, Wang Z. Ulinastatin protects cardiomyocytes against ischemia‑reperfusion injury by regulating autophagy through mTOR activation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1949-53. [PMID: 25109305 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is significant in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Ulinastatin has been demonstrated to protect cardiomyocytes against IR through inducing anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether ulinastatin has an anti‑autophagic effect is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ulinastatin on the regulation of autophagy during IR injury. Cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were randomly divided into control, hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) and ulinastatin groups. In order to investigate whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in mediating the protective effect of ulinastatin, cells were treated with the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin 30 min prior to ulinastatin treatment. To demonstrate the anti-autophagic effect of ulinastatin in vivo, a rat IR model was established. Ulinastatin (1x104 U/kg body weight) was administered 30 min prior to the induction of IR via peritoneal injection. Light chain 3 (LC3), phosphorylated (p)‑mTOR, p‑protein kinase B (Akt) and p‑P70S6 kinase (p‑P70S6K) protein expression were assessed using western blot analysis. In addition, cell vitality, myocardial infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured. LC3‑Ⅱ protein expression was found to be downregulated, while p‑Akt, p‑mTOR and p‑P70S6K protein expression were observed to be upregulated by ulinastatin. In addition, cell vitality was found to increase and LDH was observed to decrease in the ulinastatin group compared with the HR group in vitro. Furthermore, rapamycin was found to attenuate the myocardial protective effect that is induced by ulinastatin. In vivo, ulinastatin was found to downregulate LC3‑Ⅱ protein expression, and reduce myocardium infarct size and LDH serum levels. These findings indicate that ulinastatin exhibits a myocardial protective effect against IR injury by regulating autophagy through mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Bo Kang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jianquan Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhinong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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32
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Hyperthermia differently affects connexin43 expression and gap junction permeability in skeletal myoblasts and HeLa cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:748290. [PMID: 25143668 PMCID: PMC4131114 DOI: 10.1155/2014/748290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress kinases can be activated by hyperthermia and modify the expression level and properties of membranous and intercellular channels. We examined the role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in hyperthermia-induced changes of connexin43 (Cx43) expression and permeability of Cx43 gap junctions (GJs) in the rabbit skeletal myoblasts (SkMs) and Cx43-EGFP transfected HeLa cells. Hyperthermia (42°C for 6 h) enhanced the activity of JNK and its target, the transcription factor c-Jun, in both SkMs and HeLa cells. In SkMs, hyperthermia caused a 3.2-fold increase in the total Cx43 protein level and enhanced the efficacy of GJ intercellular communication (GJIC). In striking contrast, hyperthermia reduced the total amount of Cx43 protein, the number of Cx43 channels in GJ plaques, the density of hemichannels in the cell membranes, and the efficiency of GJIC in HeLa cells. Both in SkMs and HeLa cells, these changes could be prevented by XG-102, a JNK inhibitor. In HeLa cells, the changes in Cx43 expression and GJIC under hyperthermic conditions were accompanied by JNK-dependent disorganization of actin cytoskeleton stress fibers while in SkMs, the actin cytoskeleton remained intact. These findings provide an attractive model to identify the regulatory players within signalosomes, which determine the cell-dependent outcomes of hyperthermia.
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the main subgroups, the p38 MAP kinases, has been implicated in a wide range of complex biologic processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, cell migration, and invasion. Dysregulation of p38 MAPK levels in patients are associated with advanced stages and short survival in cancer patients (e.g., prostate, breast, bladder, liver, and lung cancer). p38 MAPK plays a dual role as a regulator of cell death, and it can either mediate cell survival or cell death depending not only on the type of stimulus but also in a cell type specific manner. In addition to modulating cell survival, an essential role of p38 MAPK in modulation of cell migration and invasion offers a distinct opportunity to target this pathway with respect to tumor metastasis. The specific function of p38 MAPK appears to depend not only on the cell type but also on the stimuli and/or the isoform that is activated. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated in response to diverse stimuli and mediates its function by components downstream of p38. Extrapolation of the knowledge gained from laboratory findings is essential to address the clinical significance of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent progress made in defining the functions of p38 MAPK pathways with respect to solid tumor biology and generate testable hypothesis with respect to the role of p38 MAPK as an attractive target for intervention of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mantu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Xu J, Qin X, Cai X, Yang L, Xing Y, Li J, Zhang L, Tang Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Gao F. Mitochondrial JNK activation triggers autophagy and apoptosis and aggravates myocardial injury following ischemia/reperfusion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:262-70. [PMID: 24859228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase that plays a central role in initiating apoptosis in disease conditions. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial JNK signaling is partly responsible for ischemic myocardial dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report for the first time that activation of mitochondrial JNK, rather than JNK localization on mitochondria, induces autophagy and apoptosis and aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induced a dominant increase of mitochondrial JNK phosphorylation, while JNK mitochondrial localization was reduced. Treatment with Tat-SabKIM1, a retro-inverso peptide which blocks JNK interaction with mitochondria, decreased mitochondrial JNK activation without affecting JNK mitochondrial localization following reperfusion. Tat-SabKIM1 treatment reduced Bcl2-regulated autophagy, cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis and myocardial infarct size. Notably, selective inhibition of mitochondrial JNK activation using Tat-SabKIM1 produced a similar infarct size-reducing effect as inhibiting universal JNK activation with JNK inhibitor SP600125. Moreover, insulin-treated animals exhibited significantly dampened mitochondrial JNK activation accompanied by reduced infarct size and diminished autophagy and apoptosis following reperfusion. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that mitochondrial JNK activation, rather than JNK mitochondrial localization, induces autophagy and apoptosis and exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Insulin selectively inhibits mitochondrial JNK activation, contributing to insulin cardioprotection against myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinghua Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Wei XE, Zhang FY, Wang K, Zhang QX, Rong LQ. Assembly of the FKBP51-PHLPP2-AKT signaling complex in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Brain Res 2014; 1566:60-8. [PMID: 24746496 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance of cell pro-death and pro-survival signaling pathways determines the neuronal fate during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the biological mechanisms regulating the balance between activation of the pro-death or the pro-survival signaling pathways remain unclear. In this study, a rat model of I/R injury was established using four-vessel occlusion followed by different times of reperfusion. I/R injury did not affect the level of FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51), PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPP)-2, and AKT, but induced assembly of the FKBP51-PHLPP2-AKT signaling complex, as indicated by the enhancement of interactions among these compounds following reperfusion. Using an antisense oligonucleotide, PHLPP2 expression was effectively inhibited. Critically, the inhibition of PHLPP2 prohibited the interactions of FKBP51, PHLPP2 and AKT, reversed the decrease of p-AKT expression and increased the expression of p-JNKs and p-c-Jun elicited by I/R injury. In addition, PHLPP2 inhibition reversed I/R-injury-induced Caspase-3 cleavage and loss of pyramid neurons in the CA1 region of hippocampus. The results of the current study indicate that the assembly of the FKBP51-PHLPP2-AKT signaling complex plays a critical role in mediating cell death in I/R injury. The inhibition of PHLPP2 via antisense oligonucleotide treatment may be an effective method to prohibit the assembly of the FKBP51-PHLPP-AKT signaling complex, thus balancing the cell pro-survival and pro-death signaling pathways ultimately mitigating cell death in I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-E Wei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China.
| | | | - Kai Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Qing-Xiu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Liang-Qun Rong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
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Meng XY, Yu HL, Zhang WC, Wang TH, Mai X, Liu HT, Xu RC. ZFP580, a novel zinc-finger transcription factor, is involved in cardioprotection of intermittent high-altitude hypoxia against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94635. [PMID: 24722354 PMCID: PMC3983212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZFP580 is a novel C2H2 type zinc-finger transcription factor recently identified by our laboratory. We previously showed that ZFP580 may be involved in cell survival and growth. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether ZFP580 is involved in the cardioprotective effects of intermittent high-altitude (IHA) hypoxia against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS AND RESULTS After rats were subjected to myocardial ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion, ZFP580 expression in the left ventricle was measured. ZFP580 protein expression was found to be up-regulated within 1 h and decreased at 2 h after reperfusion. Comparing normoxic and IHA hypoxia-adapted rats (5000 m, 6 h day-1, 6 weeks) following I/R injury (30 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion), we found that adaptation to IHA hypoxia attenuated infarct size and plasma leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB. In addition, ZFP580 expression in the myocardium was up-regulated by IHA hypoxia. Consistent with this result, ZFP580 expression was found to be significantly increased in cultured H9c2 myocardial cells in the hypoxic preconditioning group compared with those in the control group following simulated I/R injury (3 h simulated ischemic hypoxia and 2 h reoxygenation). To determine the role of ZFP580 in apoptosis, lentivirus-mediated gene transfection was performed in H9c2 cells 72 h prior to simulated I/R exposure. The results showed that ZFP580 overexpression significantly inhibited I/R-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. H9c2 cells were pretreated with or without PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and Western blot results showed that PD98059 (10 µM) markedly suppressed I/R-induced up-regulation of ZFP580 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the cardioprotective effect of IHA hypoxia against I/R injury is mediated via ZFP580, a downstream target of ERK1/2 signaling with anti-apoptotic roles in myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-yan Meng
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-long Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-hui Wang
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-tao Liu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HTL); (RCX)
| | - Rui-cheng Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HTL); (RCX)
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Liu Q, Wang J, Liang Q, Wang D, Luo Y, Li J, Janicki JS, Fan D. Sparstolonin B attenuates hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:376-84. [PMID: 24477822 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213517620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury is characterized by a rapid increase in cytokines and chemokines and an infiltration of inflammatory cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 mediate these inflammatory responses. Herein we investigated the ability of Sparstolonin B (SsnB), a new selective TLR2/4 antagonist, to inhibit the TLR2/4-mediated inflammatory responses during cardiomyocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation injury as well as the responsible mechanisms. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was performed to measure the cytotoxicity of SsnB on H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that TLR2 and TLR4 expression was elevated during hypoxia-reoxygenation, and that their up-regulation in cardiomyocytes was significantly inhibited by SsnB (P < 0.05). Both the mRNA and protein levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and high mobility group box 1 were up-regulated during hypoxia-reoxygenation and were significantly attenuated by SsnB (P < 0.05). Next we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 or 2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways were activated during hypoxia-reoxygenation and SsnB significantly inhibited their activation (P < 0.05). Moreover, transwell migration assays revealed that the migration of mouse macrophages to hypoxia-reoxygenation injured cardiomyocytes was significantly reduced by SsnB (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data indicate that the new selective TLR2 and TLR4 antagonist, SsnB, can substantially attenuate hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced inflammation of cardiomyocytes via inhibiting ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. Accordingly, SsnB has the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of MIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Ginsenoside RK3 Prevents Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Induced Apoptosis in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes via AKT and MAPK Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:690190. [PMID: 23935671 PMCID: PMC3712237 DOI: 10.1155/2013/690190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy is widely utilized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but further injury induced by rapidly initiating reperfusion of the heart is often encountered in clinical practice. Ginsenoside RK3 (RK3) is reportedly present in the processed Radix notoginseng that is often used as a major ingredient of the compound preparation for ischemic heart diseases. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of RK3 against hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes damage and its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that RK3 pretreatment caused increased cell viability and decreased levels of LDH leakage compared with the H/R group. Moreover, RK3 pretreatment inhibited cell apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased caspase-3 activity, TUNEL-positive cells, and Bax expression, as well as increased Bcl-2 level. Further mechanism investigation revealed that RK3 prevented H9c2 cardiomyocytes injury and apoptosis induced by H/R via AKT/Nrf-2/HO-1 and MAPK pathways. These observations indicate that RK3 has the potential to exert cardioprotective effects against H/R injury, which might be of great importance to clinical efficacy for AMI treatment.
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Hausenloy DJ, Erik Bøtker H, Condorelli G, Ferdinandy P, Garcia-Dorado D, Heusch G, Lecour S, van Laake LW, Madonna R, Ruiz-Meana M, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Yellon DM, Ovize M. Translating cardioprotection for patient benefit: position paper from the Working Group of Cellular Biology of the Heart of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:7-27. [PMID: 23334258 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite current therapy, the morbidity and mortality for patients with CHD remains significant. The most important manifestations of CHD arise from acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in terms of cardiomyocyte death and its long-term consequences. As such, new therapeutic interventions are required to protect the heart against the detrimental effects of acute IRI and improve clinical outcomes. Although a large number of cardioprotective therapies discovered in pre-clinical studies have been investigated in CHD patients, few have been translated into the clinical setting, and a significant number of these have failed to show any benefit in terms of reduced myocardial infarction and improved clinical outcomes. Because of this, there is currently no effective therapy for protecting the heart against the detrimental effects of acute IRI in patients with CHD. One major factor for this lack of success in translating cardioprotective therapies into the clinical setting can be attributed to problems with the clinical study design. Many of these clinical studies have not taken into consideration the important data provided from previously published pre-clinical and clinical studies. The overall aim of this ESC Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart Position Paper is to provide recommendations for optimizing the design of clinical cardioprotection studies, which should hopefully result in new and effective therapeutic interventions for the future benefit of CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
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McLean BA, Kienesberger PC, Wang W, Masson G, Zhabyeyev P, Dyck JRB, Oudit GY. Enhanced recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury in PI3Kα dominant negative hearts: investigating the role of alternate PI3K isoforms, increased glucose oxidation and MAPK signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 54:9-18. [PMID: 23142539 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Classical ischemia-reperfusion (IR) preconditioning relies on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) for protective signaling. Surprisingly, inhibition of PI3Kα activity using a dominant negative (DN) strategy protected the murine heart from IR injury. It has been proposed that increased signaling through PI3Kγ may contribute to the improved recovery of PI3KαDN hearts following IR. To investigate the mechanism by which PI3KαDN hearts are protected from IR injury, we created a double mutant (PI3KDM) model by crossing p110γ(-/-) (PI3KγKO) with cardiac-specific PI3KαDN mice. The PI3KDM model has morphological and hemodynamic features that are characteristic of both PI3Kγ(-/-) and PI3KαDN mice. Interestingly, when subjected to IR using ex vivo Langendorff perfusion, PI3KDM hearts showed significantly enhanced functional recovery when compared to wildtype (WT) hearts. However, signaling downstream of PI3K through Akt and GSK3β, which has been associated with IR protection, was reduced in PI3KDM hearts. Using ex vivo working heart perfusion, we found no difference in functional recovery after IR between PI3KDM and PI3KαDN; also, glucose oxidation rates were significantly increased in PI3KαDN hearts when compared to WT, and this metabolic shift has been associated with enhanced IR recovery. However, we found that PI3KαDN hearts still had enhanced recovery when perfused exclusively with fatty acids (FA). We then investigated parallel signaling pathways, and found that mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was increased in PI3KαDN hearts, possibly through the inhibition of negative feedback loops downstream of PI3Kα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A McLean
- Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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