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Samimi P, Kachuie M, Jafarian A, Shahtouri MM, Khoroushi M. Effect of preoperative systemic capsaicin on tooth sensitivity after in-office bleaching: A pilot study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2024; 21:36. [PMID: 39188401 PMCID: PMC11346606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tooth bleaching sensitivity (TBS) after bleaching procedures is a common problem. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of preoperative systemic capsaicin on tooth sensitivity (TS) after in-office bleaching procedures. Materials and Methods Thirty participants received the treatment in this clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 15). Placebo and 0.25% capsaicin were administered three times daily for 24 h, with the first dose being administrated 1 h before the bleaching procedure. The subjects underwent two bleaching sessions at a 2-week interval by applying 40% hydrogen peroxide gel on six upper anterior teeth. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate TS. Data were analyzed with SPSS 24. Statistical analyses were carried out with the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results In the capsaicin group, there was a significant increase in TBS between the immediate and 1-h postoperative intervals and a significant decrease between 1- and 24-h postoperative intervals (P = 0.01 and P = 0.000, respectively). In the placebo group, there was a significant decrease between immediate and 24-h and between 1- and 24-h postoperative intervals (P = 0.007, P = 0.02). Milder TS was detected in the placebo group 24 h after bleaching (P < 0.05). Conclusion Under the limitations of this study, preoperative use of systemic capsaicin did not significantly affect TS after the in-office bleaching procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouran Samimi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzie Kachuie
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafarian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Montazeri Shahtouri
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoroushi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Hamza EM, Abd El Aziz TM, Obeid MF. The influence of intraoral cryotherapy on postoperative pain and substance P in symptomatic apical periodontitis: randomized clinical study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13890. [PMID: 38880787 PMCID: PMC11180658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryotherapy is widely utilized in medicine, particularly for pain management. This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effect of intraoral cold pack application (cryotherapy) on postoperative pain (POP) and the level of Substance P (SP) in patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP). Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to either cryotherapy or control group. After adequate anesthesia, access cavity, and biomechanical preparation of the root canal system were completed, the first apical fluid (AF) sample (S1) was obtained. A custom-made intraoral ice-gel pack was applied for 30 min in the cryotherapy group, while no intervention was performed in the control group. The second AF sample (S2) was collected 30 min later in both groups. Patients were asked to complete the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire to assess their POP. Quantification of SP in AF samples was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Data were analyzed statistically, revealing a significant reduction in POP and SP levels in the cryotherapy group compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was observed between SP levels and POP (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, intraoral cryotherapy represents a simple and cost-effective option for controlling POP and reducing inflammation levels in patients with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Mohammed Hamza
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, 2 sixth of October St., Hadayek Al-Ahram-Haram, Giza, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tarek Mustafa Abd El Aziz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, 2 sixth of October St., Hadayek Al-Ahram-Haram, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maram Farouk Obeid
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, 2 sixth of October St., Hadayek Al-Ahram-Haram, Giza, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abdul-Wahab HY, Salah R, Abdulbaqi HR. Salivary levels of catalase, total antioxidant capacity and interleukin-1β and oral health-related quality of life after matcha and green tea consumption for patients with gingivitis: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38764154 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the changes in salivary levels of catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and IL-1β (primary outcomes) as well as gingival health and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) 1 month after the consumption of matcha and green tea in adult patients with gingivitis. METHODS This study was a parallel randomized clinical trial. Forty gingivitis adult patients were randomly assigned to drink either matcha or green tea cup twice daily for a duration of 1 month. They were asked to keep their habitual oral hygiene measures. Plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. In addition, saliva was collected at baseline and 1 month after tea consumption. Salivary levels of CAT, TAC and IL-1β were determined by ELISA. Each participant was asked to fill OHIP-14 questionnaire before and after tea consumption. RESULTS Following tea intake, 40.6% of the study sample had healthy gingiva. Both groups similarly showed reductions in PI (0.32 ± 0.11-0.22 ± 0.08) and BOP (0.24 ± 0.08-0.13 ± 0.07) scores after tea consumption. There was a significant difference between mean TAC before and after matcha tea consumption only. Non-significant reductions in salivary levels of CAT and IL-1β were detected after tea consumption. OHRQOL of participants was improved after tea, both types, consumption. CONCLUSION Despite study limitations, daily consumption of matcha and green tea might be beneficial as they potentially enhance OHRQOL of individuals with gingivitis and reduce the extent of gingivitis despite non-significant changes in salivary antioxidants and IL-1β levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasha Salah
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayder Raad Abdulbaqi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Raghupathy Y, Ananthanarayanan V, Kailasam V. Evaluation of pain intensity with prostaglandin E2 biomarker and visual analog scale during initiation of orthodontic treatment: A prospective study. J World Fed Orthod 2024; 13:72-77. [PMID: 37985293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess subjectively and objectively, at which timepoint the patient undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment will have maximum pain during the initiation of orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHOD A total of 22 patients (21 ± 2.7 years, [15 female and 7 male]) requiring extraction of maxillary first premolar participated in the study. Following bonding, an initial archwire of 0.016" NiTi was placed with a distal force of 100 g applied to the canines. The concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the gingival crevicular fluid was assessed at four time points: 1 hour before (T0); 24 hours (T1); 48 hours (T2); 72 hours (T3) after initial archwire placement. The pain intensity was recorded with visual analog scale. RESULTS The concentration of PGE2 increased from T0 to T1. The highest concentration was observed at T2 following which there was a mild decline at T3. Statistically significant difference in the PGE2 concentration was observed between T0 to T1 and T1 to T2. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores increased from T0 to T1. The highest score was observed at T2 followed by a decline at T3. A statistically significant difference in the VAS score was noted between T0 to T1 and T2 to T3. On correlating PGE2 and VAS score, a weak negative correlation was noted between T0 to T1 and no correlation was noted between T1 to T2 and T2 to T3. CONCLUSION The patients experience maximum pain between 24 hours (T1) and 48 hours (T2) following initial archwire placement. The highest concentration of PGE2 and VAS score was observed at 48 hours (T2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvashree Raghupathy
- Former Postgraduate, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Ramachandra dental college and hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Venkateswaran Ananthanarayanan
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Ramachandra dental college and hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
| | - Vignesh Kailasam
- Professor & Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Ramachandra dental college and hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Wang S, Ko CC, Chung MK. Nociceptor mechanisms underlying pain and bone remodeling via orthodontic forces: toward no pain, big gain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1365194. [PMID: 38455874 PMCID: PMC10917994 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1365194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic forces are strongly associated with pain, the primary complaint among patients wearing orthodontic braces. Compared to other side effects of orthodontic treatment, orthodontic pain is often overlooked, with limited clinical management. Orthodontic forces lead to inflammatory responses in the periodontium, which triggers bone remodeling and eventually induces tooth movement. Mechanical forces and subsequent inflammation in the periodontium activate and sensitize periodontal nociceptors and produce orthodontic pain. Nociceptive afferents expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) play central roles in transducing nociceptive signals, leading to transcriptional changes in the trigeminal ganglia. Nociceptive molecules, such as TRPV1, transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1, acid-sensing ion channel 3, and the P2X3 receptor, are believed to mediate orthodontic pain. Neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptides and substance P can also regulate orthodontic pain. While periodontal nociceptors transmit nociceptive signals to the brain, they are also known to modulate alveolar bone remodeling in periodontitis. Therefore, periodontal nociceptors and nociceptive molecules may contribute to the modulation of orthodontic tooth movement, which currently remains undetermined. Future studies are needed to better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying neuroskeletal interactions in orthodontics to improve orthodontic treatment by developing novel methods to reduce pain and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement-thereby achieving "big gains with no pain" in clinical orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Man-Kyo Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abdel-Baset ST, Fahmy SH, Obeid MF. Can instrumentation kinematics affect postoperative pain and substance P levels? A randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38233887 PMCID: PMC10792914 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the influence of continuous rotation and reciprocation kinematics on postoperative pain (POP) levels and substance P (SP) levels in patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP). MATERIALS AND SUBJECTS A total of twenty patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Continuous Rotation Group (CRG) (n = 10), subjected to mechanical preparation with the EdgeEndox7 rotary system (Albuquerque, NM, USA), and Reciprocation Group (RG) (n = 10), treated with the EdgeOne Fire reciprocating system (Albuquerque, NM, USA). Apical fluid (AF) samples were collected, and SP levels were quantified through radioimmunoassay. POP was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at various time intervals (preoperatively, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). Data were statistically analyzed utilizing the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman's test, and Nemenyi post hoc test. RESULTS There was a significant increase in SP levels in the reciprocating group compared to the continuous rotation group (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, patients in the reciprocating group reported significantly higher POP levels (P ≤ 0.05) at all measured intervals (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h), with both groups exhibiting similar pain level reductions at the 72-hour mark. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that continuous rotation kinematics in root canal preparation leads to a considerable reduction in SP expression and POP. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was retrospectively registered on the www. CLINICALTRIALS gov database (NCT06081335) at (13/10/2023) after the approval of the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University (FDASU-RecIM012135).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Hossam Fahmy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maram Farouk Obeid
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Israr F, Masood Ul Hasan S, Hussain M, Qazi FUR, Hasan A. Investigating In Situ Expression of Neurotrophic Factors and Partner Proteins in Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod 2023; 49:1668-1675. [PMID: 37660765 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In situ assessments of neurotrophic factors and their associated molecular partners have not been explored to date, particularly in humans. The present investigation aimed to explore the expressional dysregulation of neurotrophic factors (nerve growth factor [NGF], brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], and NT4/5), their receptors (TrkA and TrkB), and their modulators (USP36 and Nedd4-2) directly in irreversibly inflamed human pulp tissues. METHODS Forty samples each of healthy and irreversibly inflamed pulp were extirpated for the study. Immunohistochemical examinations were carried out for the anatomic changes and expression of neurotrophic factors and partner proteins. Expression was digitally quantified using the IHC profiler module of ImageJ and deduced as optical density. Statistical analyses were carried out by GraphPad Prism. RESULTS Decrease in nuclear and vessel diameters was observed in irreversibly inflamed pulp tissues. NGF and BDNF were found to be significantly upregulated in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP), whereas no significant difference was observed in the expression of TrkA and TrkB. Expression of Nedd4-2, USP36, and TrkA was found positively correlated with the NGF in healthy pulp tissues. However, in SIP, positive correlation was only observed between the expression of USP36 and NGF. Among the ligands, BDNF expression was found positively correlated with NGF in healthy pulp but not with NT4/5. In the case of SIP, no correlation was observed between any neurotrophic factors. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of NGF, BDNF, USP36 and Nedd4-2 in SIP indicates dysregulation in the molecular events underlying the disease biology and could be exploited as potential markers for the disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Israr
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Masood Ul Hasan
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Hussain
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hasan
- Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Menon N, Kishen A. Nociceptor-Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1193. [PMID: 37627258 PMCID: PMC10452348 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiating neurogenic inflammation (NI). Studies have investigated neuroanatomy and measured the levels of biomolecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides in human saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, or blood/serum samples in apical periodontitis (AP) to validate the possible role of trigeminal nociceptors in inflammation and tissue regeneration. However, the contributions of nociceptors and the mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interactions in AP are not fully understood. This narrative review addresses the complex biomolecular interactions of trigeminal nociceptors with macrophages, the effector cells of the innate immune system, in the clinical manifestations of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
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Wang M, Tang X, Li B, Wan T, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Lai X, He Y, Xia G. Dynamic local metrics changes in patients with toothache: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1077432. [PMID: 36578304 PMCID: PMC9790921 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1077432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the dynamic changes of local metrics in patients with toothache (TA, Toothache) in the resting state, in order to further understand the changes of central neural mechanism in patients with dental pain and its effect on cognition and emotion. Methods Thirty patients with TA and thirty matched healthy (HC) control volunteers were recruited, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance (rs-MRI) scans were performed on all subjects, and data were analyzed to compare group differences in three dynamic local indices: dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHO), dynamic low-frequency fluctuation amplitude (dALFF) and dynamic fractional low-frequency fluctuation amplitude (dfALFF). In addition, the association between dynamic local metrics in different brain regions of TA patients and scores on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. Results In this study, we found that The local metrics of TA patients changed with time Compared with the HC group, TA patients showed increased dReHo values in the left superior temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, precuneus, angular gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, increased dALFF values in the right superior frontal gyrus, and increased dfALFF values in the right middle temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and right superior occipital gyrus (p < 0.01, cluster level P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that dReHo values of left precuneus and left angular gyrus were positively correlated with VAS scores in TA group. dReHo value of right posterior central gyrus was positively correlated with HADS score (P < 0.05). Conclusion There are differences in the patterns of neural activity changes in resting-state brain areas of TA patients, and the brain areas that undergo abnormal changes are mainly pain processing brain areas, emotion processing brain areas and pain cognitive modulation brain areas, which help to reveal their underlying neuropathological mechanisms. In the hope of further understanding its effects on cognition and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianyi Wan
- Medical Imaging Center, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuechao Zhu
- Medical Imaging Center, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuping Zhu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xunfu Lai
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulin He
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Yulin He
| | - Guojin Xia
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Guojin Xia
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Jin Y, Li F, Yang H, Long H, Gong Q, Lai W. Altered spontaneous neural activity in experimental odontogenic pain: a resting-state functional MRI study. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8398-8406. [PMID: 36505321 PMCID: PMC9730070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the intrinsic cerebral activity alternations in experimental odontogenic pain with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine participants in an odontogenic pain group and 49 participants in control group underwent imaging using fMRI in this prospective study. Odontogenic pain was induced by experimental tooth movement. We calculated the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) value to evaluate regional cerebral function and compared it between the two groups utilizing a voxel-based two-sample t-test. RESULTS In comparison with the healthy controls, the participants in odontogenic pain group showed increased fALFF value in the left cerebellum, right posterior cingulate gyrus, and bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, as well as decreased fALFF in the medial prefrontal cortex, the left anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral angular gyrus, left inferior parietal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and miscellaneous cerebral regions (P < 0.001 familywise error-corrected VOXEL > 100). CONCLUSION The present study showed abnormal cerebral activity in odontogenic pain, and reveled that the aberrant regional functional activities were mainly located within the default mode network. The finding could provide insight into the underlying neural mechanism of odontogenic pain. Registry of clinical trials (Trial number ChiCTR1800018589) - http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=31424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China,Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China,Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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The Neuropeptide-Related HERC5/TAC1 Interactions May Be Associated with the Dysregulation of lncRNA GAS5 Expression in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Exosomes. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8075285. [PMID: 35178132 PMCID: PMC8847027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8075285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The goal of this work was to look at the expression and probable role of exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as forecast the importance of its interaction with neuropeptides in the progression of the disease. Methods We divided 44 pregnant women visiting the obstetric outpatient clinics at the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College from January 2021 to December 2021 into healthy and GDM groups. We measured the expression levels of the lncRNA GAS5 in peripheral blood using PCR and compared the expression levels between the 2 groups. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the R software were used to analyse the differences in the genes expressed in the amniotic fluid cells in the GDM and normal groups. catRAPID was used to identify potential target proteins for GAS5. Key neuropeptide-related proteins and potential target proteins of GAS5 were extracted, and protein interaction networks were mapped. AlphaFold 2 was used to predict the structure of the target protein. The ClusPro tool was used to predict protein-protein interactions. ZDOCK was used to further confirm the protein–nucleic acid docking. Results The lncRNA GAS5 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of pregnant women with GDM compared with normal pregnant women. The subcellular localization sites of GAS5 were the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosome; in addition, GAS5 was present in exosomes. Intercellular interactions, including neuropeptide receptors, were increased in the amniotic fluid cells of patients with GDM. Venn diagram analysis yielded seven neuropeptide-related proteins and three GAS5 target proteins. Among them, HERC5/TAC1 interacted and GAS5 docked well with HERC5. Conclusion The lncRNA GAS5 in the peripheral blood exosomes in patients with GDM may be a new target for the detection of GDM, and the interaction between GAS5 and HERC5/TAC1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM.
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Supportive Home Remedies for Orofacial Pain during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Their Value and Limitations. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:2005935. [PMID: 35069740 PMCID: PMC8771145 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2005935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impeded access to timely dental care, and there is an urgent need for adjuvant therapies that can reduce orofacial pain in emergencies. Aims To provide information on the benefits and limitations of eight representative home remedies as palliative care for orofacial pain during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods PubMed and Medline were electronically searched for eight home remedies for orofacial pain that can be used in COVID-19. Papers published in English in the past 30 years were considered. Among the published studies suitable for the research purpose, those in which the abstract and body text were confirmed were targeted, and duplicate studies were excluded. Finally, 86 studies were included. Results There is extensive and high-level scientific evidence for the application of tooth brushing and flossing, mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine, use of over-the-counter pain medication, and application of cryotherapy in emergencies. Gargling with salt water, brushing with bamboo salt, gargling with garlic juice, and oil pulling are traditional methods used for centuries. The use of natural products for orofacial pain has a significant empirical effect but has weak scientific evidence. Conclusions Knowing the correct application method, effects, and side effects is desirable to use these methods appropriately in emergencies. However, scientific evidence is unclear and generally lacking for home remedies to be the main treatment strategy, and there are clear limitations to their use as a single main treatment.
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Esteves L, Fagundes TC, Dos Santos PH, da Silva L, de Alcântara S, Cintra L, Briso A. Does the Bleaching Gel Application Site Interfere With the Whitening Result? A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2022; 47:20-30. [PMID: 34979026 DOI: 10.2341/20-236-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the bleaching gel application site on chromatic changes and postoperative sensitivity in teeth. Thirty patients were selected and allocated to three groups (n=10 per group), according to the location of the gel: GI, cervical application; GII, incisal application; and GIII, total facial. The amount and time of application of the 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel were standardized. Color changes were analyzed by ΔE and Wid (bleaching index), using the values obtained in the readings conducted on a digital spectrophotometer in the cervical (CRs) and incisal regions (IRs) of the teeth. Spontaneous sensitivity was assessed using the questionnaire, and the stimulated sensitivity caused by the thermosensory analysis (TSA). The analysis occurred in five stages: baseline, after the first, second, and third whitening sessions (S), and 14 days after the end of the whitening, using the linear regression statistical model with mixed effects and post-test by orthogonal contrasts (p<0.05). Although the IR was momentarily favored, at the end of the treatment, the restriction of the application site provided results similar to those obtained when the gel was applied over the entire facial surface. Regarding sensitivity, only the GI showed spontaneous sensitivity. In the TSA, GIII had less influence on the threshold of the thermal sensation. It was concluded that the chromatic alteration does not depend on the gel application site. Spontaneous sensitivity is greater when the gel is concentrated in the cervical region (CR), and the teeth remain sensitized by thermal stimuli even after 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lmb Esteves
- Lara Maria Bueno Esteves, DDS, MS student, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T C Fagundes
- Ticiane Cestari Fagundes, DDS, MS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P H Dos Santos
- Paulo Henrique dos Santos, DDS, MS PhD, assistant professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lmav da Silva
- Lívia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva, DDS, MS student, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S de Alcântara
- Sibele de Alcântara, DDS, MS student, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ltâ Cintra
- Luciano Tavares Ângelo Cintra, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alf Briso
- *André Luiz Fraga Briso, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jose J, Teja K, Palanivelu A, Khandelwal A, Siddique R. Analgesic efficacy of corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through oral route in the reduction of postendodontic pain: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:9-19. [PMID: 35722072 PMCID: PMC9200178 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_30_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Analgesic medications in dentistry are indicated for the relief of acute pain, postoperative pain, chronic pain as well as controlling adjunctive intraoperative pain. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has shown an effective reduction of postendodontic pain by action on the cyclooxygenase pathway. Another medication which is used recently is corticosteroid which enables the reduction of pain. They are hormones secreted from the adrenal gland and have strong anti-inflammatory actions. This review aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of NSAIDs and corticosteroids when administered through oral route for reducing postendodontic pain. The secondary objective was to assess the anesthetic effect of the nerve block when an oral premedication of NSAIDs or corticosteroids was administered. The databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and Cochrane were searched for related topics from 1983 to April 2020. Bibliographies of clinical studies were identified in the electronic search. Clinical studies with postendodontic pain reduction using NSAIDs and corticosteroids were selected. Clinical studies that met all inclusion criteria were reviewed. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. All individuals who administered single dose analgesic (NSAID or corticosteroid) before initiating root canal treatment were taken into inclusion criteria. All the relevant data were extracted from the selected studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers using a standardized data collection form, and in case of disagreement, a third reviewer was enquired to achieve a consensus. Risk of bias of the selected studies was done using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (version 1). Mean pain score levels at various time intervals showed an increased analgesic success rate for corticosteroids ( 32-1) in comparison to NSAIDs ( 32-21.4). Anesthetic effect of the nerve block administered was seen to be better when an oral premedication of corticosteroids (38.2%–80.8%) was given in comparison to NSAID (25.5%–73.1%). From the present study, it can be concluded that oral administration of corticosteroids provides a better analgesic efficacy when compared to NSAIDs as an oral premedication for postoperative pain reduction. It can also be concluded that corticosteroids when used as an oral premedication provide a better anesthetic effect of the nerve block administered when compared to NSAIDs given as an oral premedication. These findings could help the clinician determine which pretreatment analgesic would have a better effect in reduction of pain posttreatment as well as increasing the anesthetic efficacy of administered block. Systematic Review Registration Number: CRD42021235394.
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Deshmukh P, Nair P, Bhavsar S, Shivkumar G. The why and how of pulpal pain. INDIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijds.ijds_137_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Effect of bleaching gel volume on color change and postoperative sensitivity: a randomized clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2527-2536. [PMID: 34654942 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although bleaching therapy is considered a dose-dependent treatment, the effect of the volume of product used is yet to be studied. This study thus aimed to evaluate the influence of bleaching gel volume on chromatic alteration and postoperative sensitivity. METHODOLOGY Thirty patients were selected and allocated into three groups; the lower canines were analyzed according to the volume of gel used: GI-0.025 mL, GII-0.05 mL, and GIII-0.10 mL. Chromatic alteration analysis was performed using a portable digital spectrophotometer by calculating the ΔE, ΔE00, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* values and the whiteness index (WID). Spontaneous sensitivity was assessed using a questionnaire, and sensitivity was stimulated by thermo-sensory analysis. Analyses were conducted in five stages: baseline, after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd bleaching sessions, and 14 days after the end. Data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test with repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS It was observed that ΔE, ΔE00, and ΔL* were similar between groups at the end of the bleaching therapy; and the values of Δa*, Δb*, and WID were higher in the GIII group. For sensitivity, it was found that the GI was the one with the lowest values; o GII intermediate values; while the GIII group presents the highest values of spontaneous and stimulated sensitivity. CONCLUSION Gel volume influenced the response to bleaching and significantly influenced the spontaneous sensitivity and cold stimulus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The amount of bleaching gel used during therapy is key to both the response to color change and postoperative sensitivity.
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Tang Z, Zhou J, Long H, Gao Y, Wang Q, Li X, Wang Y, Lai W, Jian F. Molecular mechanism in trigeminal nerve and treatment methods related to orthodontic pain. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:125-137. [PMID: 34586644 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment is the main treatment approach for malocclusion. Orthodontic pain is an inevitable undesirable adverse reaction during orthodontic treatment. It is reported orthodontic pain has become one of the most common reason that patients withdraw from orthodontic treatment. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism and finding treatment of orthodontic pain are in urgent need. AIMS This article aims to sort out the mechanisms and treatments of orthodontic pain, hoping to provide some ideas for future orthodontic pain relief. MATERIALS Tooth movement will cause local inflammation. Certain inflammatory factors and cytokines stimulating the trigeminal nerve and further generating pain perception, as well as drugs and molecular targeted therapy blocking nerve conduction pathways, will be reviewed in this article. METHOD We review and summaries current studies related to molecular mechanisms and treatment approaches in orthodontic pain control. RESULTS Orthodontics pain related influencing factors and molecular mechanisms has been introduced. Commonly used clinical methods in orthodontic pain control has been evaluated. DISCUSSION With the clarification of more molecular mechanisms, the direction of orthodontic pain treatment will shift to targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Selvido DI, Bhattarai BP, Rokaya D, Niyomtham N, Wongsirichat N. Pain in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implant Dentistry: Types and Management. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:588-598. [PMID: 34041732 PMCID: PMC8382502 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the pain has been defined numerous times in several ways. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, the occurrence of pain, especially postoperatively, is anticipated. Pain arises as a combination of various processes after tissue damage. Distinct pain experiences in oral surgery were depicted in several previous studies, adding knowledge to the field. The management of these encounters has been suggested over time, improving treatment approaches in the clinical setting. This review aims to understand the pain and its types and intervention in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Isabel Selvido
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bishwa Prakash Bhattarai
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattisa Niyomtham
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthamet Wongsirichat
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lima VP, da Silva LM, Nuñez A, Armas-Vega A, Loguercio AD, Martins LM. Sonic Activation of a Desensitizing Gel Prior to In-Office Bleaching. Oper Dent 2021; 46:151-159. [PMID: 34143199 DOI: 10.2341/19-283-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of sonic activation during the application of a desensitizing agent (DA) containing 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride on the occurrence of tooth sensitivity (TS) associated with in-office dental bleaching. Treatment with or without sonic activation of the DA was randomly assigned to one-half of the maxillary teeth of 34 patients in a split-mouth design. On the side without sonic activation (noSA), the DA was applied and maintained in contact with the teeth for 10 minutes. On the sonic activation side (SA), the DA was activated 30 seconds per tooth. The DA application was followed by application of 35% hydrogen peroxide in two bleaching sessions separated by a one-week interval. The primary outcome was the absolute risk of TS, recorded using a numeric rating scale and a visual analog scale. Color was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer and a value-oriented shade guide. No significant difference between treatments was observed in the absolute risk of TS, which occurred in 93% (p=1.00) of both noSA and SA groups. The TS intensity was higher in the 24-hour interval after sessions, for both treatments, without differences between them. There was no difference in the color change for the treatments, with the average change in number of shade guide units of the Vita Classical scale of 6.35 for both (p=0.87). Sonic activation of DA containing 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride did not reduce the absolute risk and intensity of TS associated with in-office bleaching.
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Antonarakis GS, Ameur S, Giannopoulou C, Kiliaridis S. Perception of pain in Class II malocclusion children treated with cervical headgear: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:222-228. [PMID: 32812021 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were: 1. to evaluate the experience of pain perceived by children during separator placement and headgear wear; 2. to find possible associations between the perceived intensity of pain and the levels of Substance P (SP) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during these procedures; 3. to identify other factors, such as previous pain experience, which could be associated to the patients' perceived discomfort or pain during treatment. TRIAL DESIGN Nine-month parallel-group randomized controlled trial. METHODS Forty Class II malocclusion children (8-12 years) were included, half of which received a cervical headgear while the other half did not receive any treatment during the study period. Baseline pain data were recorded including previous experience to general and dental pain, Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, and baseline pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Elastic separators were placed in children for 1 week, followed by molar band and cervical headgear placement. Children were seen at various time points throughout the 9-month period where at each appointment, a VAS assessment of pain as well as GCF sampling was carried out to quantify the levels of SP and IL-1β. Multiple regression analysis was performed to ascertain the influence of factors including sex, age, time, headgear wear, and baseline pain data on pain severity. RESULTS Pain severity and SP and IL-1β levels in the GCF follow a similar pattern, with peaks being observed 1 day after orthodontic elastic separator placement. Pain was more severe after the placement of orthodontic separators than following cervical headgear wear. With regard to pain predictors, pain is more severe in older children, those with a worse previous general pain experience, and those with higher levels of IL-1β, particularly after elastic separator placement. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic pain and discomfort following orthodontic separator placement and cervical headgear wear depends on factors including age, previous pain experience, and the level of IL-1β in the GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Antonarakis
- Division of Orthodontics and University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sofian Ameur
- Division of Orthodontics and University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Giannopoulou
- Division of Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Kiliaridis
- Division of Orthodontics and University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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de Oliveira VT, Ferrara-Jr JI, Matielo HA, da Silva Alves A, Britto LR, Aranha ACC, Dale CS. Involvement of substance P, osteopontin and satellite glial cells on photobiomodulation-induced antinociceptive effect in an experimental model of dentin hypersensitivity. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1297-1305. [PMID: 33452567 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the involvement of substance P (SP), osteopontin (OPN), and satellite glial cells (SGC) on photobiomodulation-induced (PBM) antinociceptive effect in an experimental model of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Rats ingested isotonic drink (ID, pH 2.87) for 45 consecutive days and after this period received PBM irradiation at λ660 nm or λ808 nm (1 J, 3.5 J/cm2, 100 mW, 10 s, 0.028 cm2, continuous wave, 3 consecutive daily sessions), and were evaluated for nociceptive behavior 24, 48, 72 h, and 14 days after laser treatments. ID ingestion induced an increase on thermal sensitivity of DH characteristics in rats that was completely reversed by PBM treatment at both 660 and 808 nm. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased SP expression at both dentin-pulp complex (DPC) and trigeminal ganglia (TG) of DH-rats which did not occur in PBM groups by PBM treatment. Also, the increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) observed in the TG of DH-rats was also reversed by PBM treatment. Finally, PBM at both 660 and 808 nm increased OPN expression in the dentin-pulp complex of DH-rats after 14 days of PBM treatment. All in all, this data demonstrates that PBM reverses nociception in a DH experimental model by inhibiting neurogenic inflammation and inducing a regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victhor Teixeira de Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João Ignácio Ferrara-Jr
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Alonso Matielo
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Adilson da Silva Alves
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 1524, ICB I, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 1524, ICB I, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecilia Corrêa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry (LELO), University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Squarzoni Dale
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Slepukhina MA, Ivashchenko DV, Sheina MA, Muradian AA, Blagovestnov DA, Sychev DA. Pain pharmacogenetics. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:dmpt-2020-2939. [PMID: 32776897 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a significant problem in medicine. The use of PGx markers to personalize postoperative analgesia can increase its effectiveness and avoid undesirable reactions. This article describes the mechanisms of nociception and antinociception and shows the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain in the human body. The main subject of this article is pharmacogenetic approach to the selection of anesthetics. Current review presents data for local and general anesthetics, opioids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. None of the anesthetics currently has clinical guidelines for pharmacogenetic testing. This literature review summarizes the results of original research available, to date, and draws attention to this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitriy V Ivashchenko
- Child Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department, Department of Personalized Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Sheina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Dmitriy A Sychev
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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Chompunud Na Ayudhya C, Roy S, Thapaliya M, Ali H. Roles of a Mast Cell-Specific Receptor MRGPRX2 in Host Defense and Inflammation. J Dent Res 2020; 99:882-890. [PMID: 32392433 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520919107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are multifunctional immune cells that are found most abundantly at host-environment interfaces, such as the skin, respiratory tract, and oral/gastrointestinal mucosa. Not surprisingly, mast cells act as sentinel cells that sense microbial attacks and initiate a protective immune response and promote healing. Although mast cells share many features with other innate immune effector cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, they uniquely interact closely with blood vessels and release an extensive set of mediators for the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells. A novel human G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), known as Mas-related GPCR-X2 (MRGPRX2, mouse ortholog, MrgprB2), has recently been identified, which is expressed on mast cells but not neutrophils and macrophages. Interestingly, activation of MrgprB2 by bacteria-derived quorum-sensing peptides inhibits bacterial growth, prevents biofilm formation, and leads to the recruitment of neutrophils to effectively clear bacteria. Furthermore, host defense antimicrobial peptides and small-molecule peptide mimetics also activate mast cells via MRGPRX2/B2. MrgprB2-mediated activation of local mast cells also clears cutaneous bacterial infection, promotes healing, and protects against reinfection. In addition to their role in host defense, mast cells contribute to a number of chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, neurogenic inflammation, and inflammatory pain likely via the activation of MRGPRX2. In this review, we discuss the roles of MRGPRX2/B2 in the clearance of bacterial infection, wound healing, periodontal disease, neurogenic inflammation, and inflammatory pain. We propose that harnessing mast cells' host defense and immunomodulatory properties via the activation of MRGPRX2 may lead to novel approaches for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. On the other hand, increased MRGPRX2 expression on mast cells and their inappropriate activation may contribute to periodontitis, neurogenic inflammation, and inflammatory pain. Thus, targeting MRGPRX2 could provide novel approaches to modulate these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chompunud Na Ayudhya
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Roy
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Thapaliya
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Opioid addiction has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and it is thought that the problem started with the prescription for legal pain medications by health care professionals, particularly for treating patients who had undergone surgery. To reduce the reliance on opioids in dental pain management, increase use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other adjunctive techniques have emerged. The use of NSAIDs, transdermal and transmucosal patches are presented. Understanding the rational for these different approaches requires a basic knowledge of the molecular biology of dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrett E Ogle
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Woodhull Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Mona Dental Program, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
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Oza MJ, Desai H, Iyengar SS, Yadav P, Kadivar M. Comparative Study of Effects of LASER, TENS, and Anesthetic Gel for Controlling Pain after Placement of Elastomeric Separators: A Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:S82-S86. [PMID: 34434019 PMCID: PMC8359894 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to study the intensity and duration of patients’ pain perception after placement of elastomeric separators and the effects of various methods to reduce the pain. Materials and methods Elastomeric separators were placed on either side of first molars in 120 patients which were divided into 4 groups. Patients in group I were control group, group II underwent low-level LASER therapy, group III were subjected to topical anesthetic gel, and group IV underwent TENS (transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation). And then they were asked to measure pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 5 intervals of time, i.e., immediately after separator placement, after day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 4. Results Turkey's post hoc test showed that pain score after immediate placement of separators was found to be the least in the anesthetic gel than that in other groups and pain score was least in the LASER group out of all four groups on day 1, 2, 3, and 4. Conclusion It was found that low-level LASER therapy was more effective in reducing pain after placement of elastomeric separators. How to cite this article Oza MJ, Desai H, Iyengar SS, et al. Comparative Study of Effects of LASER, TENS, and Anesthetic Gel for Controlling Pain after Placement of Elastomeric Separators: A Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S82–S86.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malhar J Oza
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Hina Desai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Shreya S Iyengar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mansi Kadivar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Rodríguez‐Martínez J, Valiente M, Sánchez‐Martín M. Tooth whitening: From the established treatments to novel approaches to prevent side effects. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:431-440. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez‐Martínez
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - María‐Jesús Sánchez‐Martín
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
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Liu S, Liu L, Jiang Y, Zhou J, Hu H, Wu Z, Long H, Lai W. Effect of endomorphin-2 on orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:408-416. [PMID: 31365768 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 demonstrates potent antinociceptive effects in various pain models. The objectives of the present study were to explore the role of endomorphin-2 in the modulation of orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats. An orthodontic pain model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats by ligating coiled springs to mimic orthodontic force (40 g). On days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 following orthodontic tooth movement, bite force was recorded as a surrogate measure of orthodontic pain. Ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and periodontal tissues were harvested for immunostaining. Endomorphin-2, endomorphin-2 + naloxone (a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist), naloxone, and saline were injected into trigeminal ganglia and periodontal tissues to explore the role of endomorphin-2 on orthodontic pain. The results showed that following orthodontic tooth movement, endomorphin-2 expression levels in trigeminal ganglia were elevated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Orthodontic pain levels were increased on days 1, 3, and 5. The administration of endomorphin-2 into both trigeminal ganglia and periodontal tissues alleviated orthodontic pain. Moreover, the effects of endomorphin-2 could be blocked by naloxone completely in trigeminal ganglia but only partially in periodontal tissues. Therefore, endomorphin-2 plays an important role in the modulation of orthodontic pain both centrally and peripherally, probably through different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlu Jiang
- West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhouqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Bamini L, Anand Sherwood I, Abbott PV, Uthandakalaipandian R, Velu V. Influence of anti-inflammatory irrigant on substance P expression for single-visit root canal treatment of teeth with irreversible pulpitis. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 46:73-81. [PMID: 31270901 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main objectives of root canal treatment is to alleviate the pain associated with irreversibly inflamed pulps. However, some patients may have moderate to severe pain following treatment. The aim of this study was to compare and assess the effect of ketorolac tromethamine on substance P expression in the pulp and periapical tissues when used as a root canal irrigant for single-visit root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Thirty-six patients were randomly allotted to three irrigant groups - saline (n = 14), 3% sodium hypochlorite (n = 11) and ketorolac tromethamine (n = 11). Pulp blood samples (S1) were collected on gaining access to the pulp, and periapical blood samples (S2) were collected after root canal preparation. Quantification of substance P was done by ELISA test. The ketorolac tromethamine group had greater reduction in substance P expression (S2). Post-operative pain levels were not significantly influenced by the different root canal irrigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Bamini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences, Madurai, India
| | - I Anand Sherwood
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences, Madurai, India
| | - Paul V Abbott
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ramesh Uthandakalaipandian
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Vijay Velu
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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29
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Evangelin J, Sherwood IA, Abbott PV, Uthandakalaipandian R, Velu V. Influence of different irrigants on substance P and
IL
‐8 expression for single visit root canal treatment in acute irreversible pulpitis. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 46:17-25. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Evangelin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics CSI College of Dental Sciences Madurai Tamil Nadu India
| | - I. Anand Sherwood
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics CSI College of Dental Sciences Madurai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Paul V. Abbott
- UWA Dental School The University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Ramesh Uthandakalaipandian
- Department of Molecular Biology School of Biological Sciences Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vijay Velu
- Department of Molecular Biology School of Biological Sciences Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai Tamil Nadu India
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30
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Hossain MZ, Bakri MM, Yahya F, Ando H, Unno S, Kitagawa J. The Role of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in the Transduction of Dental Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030526. [PMID: 30691193 PMCID: PMC6387147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pain is a common health problem that negatively impacts the activities of daily living. Dentine hypersensitivity and pulpitis-associated pain are among the most common types of dental pain. Patients with these conditions feel pain upon exposure of the affected tooth to various external stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dental pain, especially the transduction of external stimuli to electrical signals in the nerve, remain unclear. Numerous ion channels and receptors localized in the dental primary afferent neurons (DPAs) and odontoblasts have been implicated in the transduction of dental pain, and functional expression of various polymodal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has been detected in DPAs and odontoblasts. External stimuli-induced dentinal tubular fluid movement can activate TRP channels on DPAs and odontoblasts. The odontoblasts can in turn activate the DPAs by paracrine signaling through ATP and glutamate release. In pulpitis, inflammatory mediators may sensitize the DPAs. They could also induce post-translational modifications of TRP channels, increase trafficking of these channels to nerve terminals, and increase the sensitivity of these channels to stimuli. Additionally, in caries-induced pulpitis, bacterial products can directly activate TRP channels on DPAs. In this review, we provide an overview of the TRP channels expressed in the various tooth structures, and we discuss their involvement in the development of dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Marina Mohd Bakri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Farhana Yahya
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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31
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Solleveld H, Flutter J, Goedhart A, VandenBossche L. Are oral health and fixed orthodontic appliances associated with sports injuries and postural stability in elite junior male soccer players? BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2018; 10:16. [PMID: 30377533 PMCID: PMC6196014 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-018-0105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Dental caries and periodontitis are associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which may trigger muscle fatigue during exercise, a strong risk factor for sports injuries. Fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) may cause poor oral health and may disturb proprioceptive inputs of the stomatognathic system. This study aims to explore associations of poor oral health and of use of a FOA with injury frequency and postural stability. Methods One hundred eighty seven Belgian elite junior male soccer players, aged 12-17 years, completed a self-report questionnaire asking about injuries in the past year, oral health problems, use of a FOA, demographics and sports data, and stood in unipedal stance with eyes closed on a force plate to assess postural stability. Results Ordinal logistic regression with number of injuries in the past year as ordinal dependent variable and dental caries and/or gum problems, age and player position as covariates, showed that participants who reported dental caries and/or gum problems and never had had a FOA reported significant more injuries in the past year compared to the reference group of participants who reported no oral health problems and never had had a FOA (adjusted OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.19-5.05; p = 0.015). A 2 (temporomandibular joint problems) × 2 (FOA) × 2 (age) ANOVA with postural stabilities as dependent variables, showed a significant FOA x age interaction for the non-dominant (standing) leg. Post-hoc t-tests showed a significant better postural stability for the non-dominant leg (and a trend for the dominant leg) for the older compared with the younger participants in the non-FOA group (p = .002, ES = 0.61), while no age differences were found in the FOA-group. Conclusions These results indicate that poor oral health may be an injury risk factor and that a FOA may hinder the development of body postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Flutter
- General Dentist, 117 Warry Street, Fortitude Valley, 4006 Australia
| | | | - Luc VandenBossche
- 3Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Barbariga M, Rabiolo A, Fonteyne P, Bignami F, Rama P, Ferrari G. The Effect of Aging on Nerve Morphology and Substance P Expression in Mouse and Human Corneas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:5329-5335. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Barbariga
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rabiolo
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Bignami
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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33
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Raoof M, Soofiabadi S, Abbasnejad M, Kooshki R, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Mansoori M. Activation of orexin-1 receptors in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter (vlPAG) modulates pulpal nociception and the induction of substance P in vlPAG and trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Int Endod J 2018; 52:318-328. [PMID: 30152877 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the role of orexin-1 receptors (OX1Rs) in ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter (vlPAG) on modulation of capsaicin-induced pulpal nociception in rats. METHODOLOGY Sixty-six adult male Wistar rats (2 months old) weighing between 230 and 260 g were used. The animals were cannulated for microinjection of drugs into the vlPAG matter. Pulpalgia was induced by intradental application of capsaicin solution (100 μg) into the incisor teeth of the rats. Ten min prior to capsaicin application, orexin-A (50, 100 and 150 pmol L-1 per rat) was administered. Orexin-A (150 pmol L-1 ) was also co-administrated with SB-334867 (40 nmol L-1 per rat), an OX1Rs antagonist; or bicuculline (1 μg per rat), a GABAA receptors antagonist. Moreover, treatment effects on the release of pro-nociceptive modulator substance P (SP) in vlPAG and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) of rats were explored using an immunofluorescence technique. One-way analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Orexin-A dose-dependently decreased capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviour. However, SB-334867 (40 nmol L-1 per rat) pretreatment (P < 0.05), but not bicuculline (1 μg per rat), attenuated the analgesic effect of orexin-A (150 pmol L-1 ). The level of SP was significantly increased in Vc and decreased in vlPAG of capsaicin-treated rats (P < 0.05). Capsaicin-induced changes in SP levels, however, were prohibited by orexin-A treatment (150 pmol L-1 ) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Orexin-A administration into the vlPAG was associated with an inhibitory effect on capsaicin-induced pulpal nociception and bidirectional effects on the induction of SP in vlPAG and Vc of rats. Central activation of OX1Rs is a potential therapeutic tool for pulpalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raoof
- Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Soofiabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Kooshki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Mansoori
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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34
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Rezende M, Chemin K, Vaez SC, Peixoto AC, Rabelo JDF, Braga SSL, Faria-E-Silva AL, Silva GRD, Soares CJ, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Effect of topical application of dipyrone on dental sensitivity reduction after in-office dental bleaching: A randomized, triple-blind multicenter clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc 2018; 149:363-371. [PMID: 29550020 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth sensitivity commonly occurs during and immediately after dental bleaching. The authors conducted a trial to compare tooth sensitivity after in-office bleaching after the use of either a topical dipyrone or placebo gel. METHODS A split-mouth, triple-blind, randomized, multicenter clinical trial was conducted among 120 healthy adults having teeth that were shade A2 or darker. The facial tooth surfaces of the right or left sides of the maxillary arch of each patient were randomly assigned to receive either topical dipyrone or placebo gel before 2 in-office bleaching sessions (35% hydrogen peroxide) separated by 2 weeks. Visual analog and numerical rating scales were used to record tooth sensitivity during and up to 48 hours after bleaching. Tooth color change from baseline to 1 month after bleaching was measured with shade guide and spectrophotometer measures. The primary outcome variable was absolute risk of tooth sensitivity. An intention-to-treat analysis was used to analyze data from all patients who were randomly assigned to receive the dipyrone and placebo gels. RESULTS No statically significant difference was found in the absolute risk of tooth sensitivity between the dipyrone and placebo gels (83% and 90%, respectively, P = .09; relative risk, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.0). A whitening effect was observed in both groups with no statistically significant difference (P > .05) between them. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION Topical use of dipyrone gel before tooth bleaching, at the levels used in this study, did not reduce the risk or intensity of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Topical application of dipyrone gel does not reduce bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity.
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35
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Nazıroğlu M, Braidy N. Thermo-Sensitive TRP Channels: Novel Targets for Treating Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Pain. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1040. [PMID: 29326595 PMCID: PMC5733463 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal Ca2+ channel physiology, expression levels, and hypersensitivity to heat have been implicated in several pain states following treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. As members of the Ca2+ permeable transient receptor potential (TRP), five of the channels (TRPV1-4 and TRPM2) are activated by different heat temperatures, and two of the channels (TRPA1 and TRPM8) are activated by cold temperature. Accumulating evidences indicates that antagonists of TRPA1 and TRPM8 may protect against cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and paclitaxel-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammation, cold allodynia, and hyperalgesia. TRPV1 was responsible from the cisplatin-induced heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the sensory neurons. TRPA1, TRPM8, and TRPV2 protein expression levels were mostly increased in the dorsal root (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia by these treatments. There is a debate on direct or oxaliplatin-induced oxidative cold stress dependent TRPA1 and TRPV4 activation in the DRG. Involvement of molecular pathways such as cysteine groups, glutathione metabolism, anandamide, cAMP, lipopolysaccharide, proteinase-activated receptor 2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase were also indicated in the oxaliplatin and paclitaxel-induced cold allodynia. In this review, we summarized results of five temperature-regulated TRP channels (TRPA1, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4) as novel targets for treating chemotherapy-induced peripheral pain
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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36
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Heidari A, Shahrabi M, Rokouei M, Amirzargar A, Rahbar P. Comparative study of substance P and neurokinin A in gingival crevicular fluid of healthy and painful carious permanent teeth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2017; 14:57-61. [PMID: 28348619 PMCID: PMC5356390 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is shown that neuropeptides can be transported from pulp chamber to periodontal ligament through apical foramen and accessory canals. Therefore, clinical pulpal pain leads to expression of preinflammatory neuropeptides such as substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This study aimed to evaluate levels of SP and NKA in GCF of carious and healthy permanent teeth, comparatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on twenty children referred to Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who had a painful permanent first molar. Sampling was done by sterile paper cone from GCF of the mentioned teeth and the intact tooth of the other side of the jaw in the same patient. Values of SP and NKA were measured by ELISA test. RESULTS The mean concentration of SP in GCF of painful carious and healthy teeth was 2.65 ± 0.56 and 1.83 ± 0.65 pcgr/ml, respectively. This value was 2.29 ± 0.29 and 1.61 ± 0.35 pcgr/ml for NKA concentration in carious and healthy teeth as well. CONCLUSION Significant higher levels of both SP and NKA in GCF of painful carious teeth were observed, which is in line with previous studies' findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Heidari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shahrabi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrak Rokouei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahbar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Brandow AM, Wandersee NJ, Dasgupta M, Hoffmann RG, Hillery CA, Stucky CL, Panepinto JA. Substance P is increased in patients with sickle cell disease and associated with haemolysis and hydroxycarbamide use. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:237-245. [PMID: 27539682 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) pain transitions from acute to chronic for unknown reasons. Chronic elevation of the pain neurotransmitter substance P (SP) sensitizes pain nociceptors. We evaluated SP levels in controls and SCD patients during baseline and acute pain and investigated associations between SP and age, gender, pain history, haemolysis and hydroxycarbamide (also termed hydroxyurea) use. Plasma SP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Independent samples t-test compared SP levels between: (i) SCD baseline and controls, and (ii) SCD baseline and acute pain. Multivariate linear regression determined associations between SP and age, gender, pain history and hydroxycarbamide use. Spearman correlation determined an association between SP and haemolysis. We enrolled 35 African American controls, 25 SCD baseline and 12 SCD pain patients. SCD patients were 7-19 years old. Mean ± standard deviation SP level (pg/ml) in SCD baseline was higher than controls (32·4 ± 11·6 vs. 22·9 ± 7·6, P = 0·0009). SP in SCD pain was higher than baseline (78·1 ± 43·4 vs. 32·4 ± 11·6, P = 0·004). Haemolysis correlated with increased SP: Hb (r = -0·7, P = 0·0002), reticulocyte count (r = 0·61, P = 0·0016), bilirubin (r = 0·68, P = 0·0216), lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0·62, P = 0·0332), aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0·68, P = 0·003). Patients taking hydroxycarbamide had increased SP (β = 29·2, P = 0·007). SP could be a mediator of or marker for pain sensitization in SCD and a biomarker and/or target for novel pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Brandow
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Nancy J Wandersee
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mahua Dasgupta
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Section of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raymond G Hoffmann
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Section of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Cheryl A Hillery
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Section of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Panepinto
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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38
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Long H, Wang Y, Jian F, Liao LN, Yang X, Lai WL. Current advances in orthodontic pain. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:67-75. [PMID: 27341389 PMCID: PMC4932774 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic pain is an inflammatory pain that is initiated by orthodontic force-induced vascular occlusion followed by a cascade of inflammatory responses, including vascular changes, the recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells, and the release of neurogenic and pro-inflammatory mediators. Ultimately, endogenous analgesic mechanisms check the inflammatory response and the sensation of pain subsides. The orthodontic pain signal, once received by periodontal sensory endings, reaches the sensory cortex for pain perception through three-order neurons: the trigeminal neuron at the trigeminal ganglia, the trigeminal nucleus caudalis at the medulla oblongata and the ventroposterior nucleus at the thalamus. Many brain areas participate in the emotion, cognition and memory of orthodontic pain, including the insular cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus and hypothalamus. A built-in analgesic neural pathway—periaqueductal grey and dorsal raphe—has an important role in alleviating orthodontic pain. Currently, several treatment modalities have been applied for the relief of orthodontic pain, including pharmacological, mechanical and behavioural approaches and low-level laser therapy. The effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief has been validated, but its effects on tooth movement are controversial. However, more studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of other modalities. Furthermore, gene therapy is a novel, viable and promising modality for alleviating orthodontic pain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Na Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Li Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Experimentally Induced Pulpal Lesion and Substance P Expression: Effect of Ketoprofen-A Preliminary Study. Int J Dent 2016; 2016:6820781. [PMID: 27034673 PMCID: PMC4789479 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6820781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate substance P (SP) and the effect of ketoprofen administration, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on SP in the pulp of upper third molars with experimentally induced pulpal lesion. Materials and Methods. A sample of 20 young systemically healthy adults of both sexes, nonsmokers, with a healthy upper third molar to extract for orthodontic purposes, was selected. Prior to the procedure, an inflammatory process was generated by mechanical exposure of the pulp. After 15 minutes, the pulp was collected using a sterile barbed broach. SP levels were determined by using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kit. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 received a dose of ketoprofen 30 minutes prior to the experimental procedure. The subjects of group 2 did not receive any kind of drug administration. The patients were asked to complete a diary on the postoperative pain. Results. No statistically significant difference could be detected in SP expression between the two groups. In group 1, pain manifestation was significantly delayed in comparison with group 2. Conclusions. Preventive administration of ketoprofen did not significantly affect the pulpal levels of SP but resulted in a significantly postponed manifestation of pain after extraction.
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Sensory innervation around immediately vs. delayed loaded implants: a pilot study. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:49-55. [PMID: 25214361 PMCID: PMC4817539 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neurophysiological and psychophysical proof of osseoperception is accumulating, histomorphometric evidence for the neural mechanisms of functional compensation following immediate and delayed implant loading is still lacking. For this randomized split-mouth study, six mongrel dogs randomly received one of four treatment protocols at 36 implant-recipient sites over 16 weeks (third maxillary incisor, third and fourth mandibular premolar): immediate implant placement and immediate loading (IIP+IL); delayed implant placement and delayed loading (DIP+DL); delayed implant placement and immediate loading (DIP+IL); and natural extraction socket healing (control). Histomorphometry was performed in the peri-implant bone and soft tissues within 300 µm around the implants. Immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the presence of neural structures and to reveal their ultrastructural characteristics, respectively. Myelinated nerve fibres densely populated the peri-implant crestal gingival and apical regions, although they were also identified in the woven bone and in the osteons near the implant threads. Compared with the control group in the mandible, the group that received IIP+IL showed a higher innervation (in N⋅mm−2, 5.94±1.12 vs. 3.15±0.63, P<0.001) and smaller fibre diameter (in µm, 1.37±0.05 vs. 1.64±0.13, P=0.016), smaller axon diameter (in µm, 0.89±0.05 vs. 1.24±0.10, P=0.009) and g-ratio (0.64±0.04 vs. 0.76±0.05, P<0.001) in the middle region around the implants. Compared with DIP+IL in the mandible, IIP+IL had a higher nerve density (in N⋅mm−2, 13.23±2.54 vs. 9.64±1.86, P=0.027), greater fibre diameter (in µm, 1.32±0.02 vs. 1.20±0.04, P=0.021), greater axon diameter (in µm, 0.92±0.01 vs. 0.89±0.03, P=0.035) and lower g-ratio (0.69±0.01 vs. 0.74±0.01, P=0.033) in the apical region around the implants. It may be assumed that the treatment protocol with IIP+IL is the preferred method to allow optimized peri-implant re-innervation, but further functional measurements are still required.
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Karlsson L, Gerdle B, Ghafouri B, Bäckryd E, Olausson P, Ghafouri N, Larsson B. Intramuscular pain modulatory substances before and after exercise in women with chronic neck pain. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:1075-85. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Karlsson
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center; Linköping University; Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH); Linköping University; Sweden
| | - B. Gerdle
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center; Linköping University; Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH); Linköping University; Sweden
| | - B. Ghafouri
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center; Linköping University; Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH); Linköping University; Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE); Faculty of Health Sciences; Linköping University; Sweden
- Centre of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; UHL, County Council; Linköping Sweden
| | - E. Bäckryd
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center; Linköping University; Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH); Linköping University; Sweden
| | - P. Olausson
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center; Linköping University; Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH); Linköping University; Sweden
| | - N. Ghafouri
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center; Linköping University; Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH); Linköping University; Sweden
| | - B. Larsson
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center; Linköping University; Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH); Linköping University; Sweden
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Gerdle B, Kristiansen J, Larsson B, Saltin B, Søgaard K, Sjøgaard G. Algogenic substances and metabolic status in work-related Trapezius Myalgia: a multivariate explorative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:357. [PMID: 25348119 PMCID: PMC4223843 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares the levels of algesic substances between subjects with trapezius myalgia (TM) and healthy controls (CON) and explores the multivariate correlation pattern between these substances, pain, and metabolic status together with relative blood flow changes reported in our previous paper (Eur J Appl Physiol 108:657-669, 2010). METHODS 43 female workers with (TM) and 19 females without (CON) trapezius myalgia were - using microdialysis - compared for differences in interstitial concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), bradykinin (BKN), serotonin (5-HT), lactate dehydrogenas (LDH), substance P, and N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP) in the trapezius muscle at rest and during repetitive/stressful work. These data were also used in multivariate analyses together with previously presented data (Eur J Appl Physiol 108:657-669, 2010): trapezius muscle blood flow, metabolite accumulation, oxygenation, and pain development and sensitivity. RESULTS Substance P was significantly elevated in TM (p=0.0068). No significant differences were found in the classical algesic substances (p: 0.432-0.926). The multivariate analysis showed that blood flow related variables, interstitial concentrations of metabolic (pyruvate), and algesic (BKN and K+) substances were important for the discrimination of the subjects to one of the two groups (R2: 0.19-0.31, p<0.05). Pain intensity was positively associated with levels of 5-HT and K+ and negatively associated with oxygenation indicators and IL-6 in TM (R2: 0.24, p<0.05). A negative correlation existed in TM between mechanical pain sensitivity of trapezius and BKN and IL-6 (R2: 0.26-0.39, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study increased understanding alterations in the myalgic muscle. When considering the system-wide aspects, increased concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and K+ and decreased oxygenation characterized TM compared to CON. There are three major possible explanations for this finding: the workers with pain had relatively low severity of myalgia, metabolic alterations preceded detectable alterations in levels of algesics, or peripheral sensitization and other muscle alterations existed in TM. Only SP of the investigated algesic substances was elevated in TM. Several of the algesics were of importance for the levels of pain intensity and mechanical pain sensitivity in TM. These results indicate peripheral contribution to maintenance of central nociceptive and pain mechanisms and may be important to consider when designing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Gerdle
- />Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jesper Kristiansen
- />National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Britt Larsson
- />Department of Pain and Rehabilitation Center and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bengt Saltin
- />CRMC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- />Institute of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gisela Sjøgaard
- />Institute of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Gerdle B, Ghafouri B, Ernberg M, Larsson B. Chronic musculoskeletal pain: review of mechanisms and biochemical biomarkers as assessed by the microdialysis technique. J Pain Res 2014; 7:313-26. [PMID: 24966693 PMCID: PMC4062547 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s59144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions are multifaceted, and approximately 20% of the adult population lives with severe chronic pain, with a higher prevalence in women and in lower income groups. Chronic pain is influenced by and interacts with physical, emotional, psychological, and social factors, and a biopsychosocial framework is increasingly applied in clinical practice. However, there is still a lack of assessment procedures based on the activated neurobiological pain mechanisms (ie, the biological part of the biopsychosocial model of pain), which may be a necessary step for further optimizing outcomes after treatments for patients with chronic pain. It has been suggested that chronic pain conditions are mainly driven by alterations in the central nervous system with little or no peripheral stimuli or nociception. In contrast, other authors argue that such central alterations are driven by peripheral alterations and nociceptive input. Microdialysis is an in vivo method for studying local tissue alterations and allows for sampling of substances in the interstitium of the muscle, where nociceptor free nerve endings are found close to the muscle fibers. The extracellular matrix plays a key role in physiologic functions of cells, including the primary afferent nociceptor. The present review mainly concerns the results of microdialysis studies and how they can contribute to the understanding of activated peripheral nociceptive and pain mechanisms in humans with chronic pain. The primary aim was to review molecular studies using microdialysis for the investigation of human chronic muscle pain, ie, chronic masticatory muscle pain, chronic trapezius myalgia, chronic whiplash-associated disorders, and chronic widespread pain/fibromyalgia syndrome. Several studies clearly showed elevated levels of serotonin, glutamate, lactate, and pyruvate in localized chronic myalgias and may be potential biomarkers. These results indicate that peripheral muscle alterations are parts of the activated pain mechanisms in common chronic pain conditions. Muscle alterations have been reported in fibromyalgia syndrome and chronic widespread pain, but more studies are needed before definite conclusions can be drawn. For other substances, results are inconclusive across studies and patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Gerdle
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Britt Larsson
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
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Yoo YJ, Shon WJ, Baek SH, Kang MK, Kim HC, Lee W. Effect of 1440-Nanometer Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Irradiation on Pain and Neuropeptide Reduction: A Randomized Prospective Clinical Trial. J Endod 2014; 40:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Walker CS, Hay DL. CGRP in the trigeminovascular system: a role for CGRP, adrenomedullin and amylin receptors? Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1293-307. [PMID: 23425327 PMCID: PMC3838677 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is reported to play an important role in migraine. It is expressed throughout the trigeminovascular system. Antagonists targeting the CGRP receptor have been developed and have shown efficacy in clinical trials for migraine. However, no CGRP antagonist is yet approved for treating this condition. The molecular composition of the CGRP receptor is unusual because it comprises two subunits; one is a GPCR, the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). This associates with receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1 to yield a functional receptor for CGRP. However, RAMP1 also associates with the calcitonin receptor, creating a receptor for the related peptide amylin but this also has high affinity for CGRP. Other combinations of CLR or the calcitonin receptor with RAMPs can also generate receptors that are responsive to CGRP. CGRP potentially modulates an array of signal transduction pathways downstream of activation of these receptors, in a cell type-dependent manner. The physiological significance of these signalling processes remains unclear but may be a potential avenue for refining drug design. This complexity has prompted us to review the signalling and expression of CGRP and related receptors in the trigeminovascular system. This reveals that more than one CGRP responsive receptor may be expressed in key parts of this system and that further work is required to determine their contribution to CGRP physiology and pathophysiology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Neuropeptides. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Jain N, Gupta A, N M. An insight into neurophysiology of pulpal pain: facts and hypotheses. Korean J Pain 2013; 26:347-55. [PMID: 24156000 PMCID: PMC3800706 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2013.26.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and pain control are important to the dental profession because the general perception of the public is that dental treatment and pain go hand in hand. Successful dental treatment requires that the source of pain be detected. If the origin of pain is not found, inappropriate dental care and, ultimately, extraction may result. Pain experienced before, during, or after endodontic therapy is a serious concern to both patients and endodontists, and the variability of discomfort presents a challenge in terms of diagnostic methods, endodontic therapy, and endodontic knowledge. This review will help clinicians understand the basic neurophysiology of pulpal pain and other painful conditions of the dental pulp that are not well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Hitkarni Dental College & Hospital, Jabalpur, India
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Abstract
Due, in part, to the unique structure of the tooth, dental pain is initiated via distinct mechanisms. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of inflammatory tooth pain and discuss 3 hypotheses proposed to explain dentinal hypersensitivity: The first hypothesis, supported by functional expression of temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential channels, emphasizes the direct transduction of noxious temperatures by dental primary afferent neurons. The second hypothesis, known as hydrodynamic theory, attributes dental pain to fluid movement within dentinal tubules, and we discuss several candidate cellular mechanical transducers for the detection of fluid movement. The third hypothesis focuses on the potential sensory function of odontoblasts in the detection of thermal or mechanical stimuli, and we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports their excitability. We also briefly update on a novel strategy for local nociceptive anesthesia via nociceptive transducer molecules in dental primary afferents with the potential to specifically silence pain fibers during dental treatment. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dental pain would greatly enhance the development of therapeutics that target dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chung
- Pain Cognitive Function Research Center, Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Orofacial pain refers to pain associated with the soft and hard tissues of the head, face, and neck. It is a common experience in the population that has profound sociologic effects and impact on quality of life. New scientific evidence is constantly providing insight into the cause and pathophysiology of orofacial pain including temporomandibular disorders, cranial neuralgias, persistent idiopathic facial pains, headache, and dental pain. An evidence-based approach to the management of orofacial pain is imperative for the general clinician. This article reviews the basics of pain epidemiology and neurophysiology and sets the stage for in-depth discussions of various painful conditions of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S De Rossi
- Department of Oral health and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Kuroda H, Sobhan U, Sato M, Tsumura M, Ichinohe T, Tazaki M, Shibukawa Y. Sodium-calcium exchangers in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. Mol Pain 2013; 9:22. [PMID: 23628073 PMCID: PMC3646678 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Noxious stimulation and nerve injury induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) via various receptors or ionic channels. While an increase in [Ca2+]i excites neurons, [Ca2+]i overload elicits cytotoxicity, resulting in cell death. Intracellular Ca2+ is essential for many signal transduction mechanisms, and its level is precisely regulated by the Ca2+ extrusion system in the plasma membrane, which includes the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). It has been demonstrated that Ca2+-ATPase is the primary mechanism for removing [Ca2+]i following excitatory activity in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons; however, the role of NCXs in this process has yet to be clarified. The goal of this study was to examine the expression/localization of NCXs in TG neurons and to evaluate their functional properties. Results NCX isoforms (NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3) were expressed in primary cultured rat TG neurons. All the NCX isoforms were also expressed in A-, peptidergic C-, and non-peptidergic C-neurons, and located not only in the somata, dendrites, axons and perinuclear region, but also in axons innervating the dental pulp. Reverse NCX activity was clearly observed in TG neurons. The inactivation kinetics of voltage-dependent Na+ channels were prolonged by NCX inhibitors when [Ca2+]i in TG neurons was elevated beyond physiological levels. Conclusions Our results suggest that NCXs in TG neurons play an important role in regulating Ca2+-homeostasis and somatosensory information processing by functionally coupling with voltage-dependent Na+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Kuroda
- Oral Health Science Center hrc8, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 261-8502, Japan
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Changes of substance P in the crevicular fluid in relation to orthodontic movement preliminary investigation. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:896874. [PMID: 23737731 PMCID: PMC3655686 DOI: 10.1155/2013/896874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin released from both the central and the peripheral endings of primary afferent neurons and functions as a neurotransmitter. As a transmitter signaling pain, substance P is involved in nociception and is an extremely potent vasodilator. We found several studies about this neuropeptide especially in relation to parodontology and a few orthodontic reviews. This is because in the past the importance of this neuropeptide in dental element undergoing periodontal inflammation was observed. The aims of the present pilot study was to investigate whether the substance P was present in gingival crevicular fluid in dental elements undergoing orthodontic treatment with Invisalign technique compared to teeth belonging to the same series but not undergoing orthodontic movement. We analysed gengival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from four young subjects, using a paper cone for a time of 60 seconds. The results showed that SP is present in the gengival sulcus in elements undergoing orthodontic forces during treatment with Invisalign technique and not in the control teeth. During the literature analysis, we have found a lot of papers describing involvement of SP in periodontitis and inflammatory diseases, but further studies are needed in order to demonstrate the role of this neuropeptide during teeth movement.
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