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Nisbett KE, Vendruscolo LF, Koob GF. Indulging Curiosity: Preliminary Evidence of an Anxiolytic-like Effect of Castor Oil and Ricinoleic Acid. Nutrients 2024; 16:1527. [PMID: 38794765 PMCID: PMC11124509 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the process of validating the elevated zero maze, a common test of anxiety-like behavior, in our laboratory, we demonstrated an anxiolytic-like effect of castor oil and its primary component, ricinoleic acid. We tested the effects of vehicle and chlordiazepoxide in male mice in the elevated zero maze following a 30-min pretreatment time. Chlordiazepoxide is a United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drug that was previously shown to exert anxiolytic-like effects in both the elevated zero maze and elevated plus maze. Chlordiazepoxide was administered at doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg. We used 5% polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® EL) and saline as treatment vehicles and found that the effect of chlordiazepoxide on open zone occupancy and open zone entries was blunted when 5% Kolliphor was used as the vehicle. These tests demonstrated that chlordiazepoxide increased open zone occupancy and entries in the elevated zero maze more effectively when saline was used as the treatment vehicle and that Kolliphor dampened the anxiolytic-like effect of chlordiazepoxide when it was used as the treatment vehicle. Notably, 5% Kolliphor alone slightly increased baseline open zone occupancy and entries. Given that Kolliphor is a derivative of castor oil, we next tested the effect of 5% castor oil and 5% ricinoleic acid, which is a major component of castor oil. We found that both castor oil and ricinoleic acid increased open zone occupancy but not entries compared with saline. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Kolliphor, castor oil, and ricinoleic acid may exert anxiolytic-like effects in male mice in the elevated zero maze. This potential anxiolytic-like effect of castor oil is consistent with its well-established beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and pain-relieving properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalin E. Nisbett
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate College, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Kim OY, Song J. Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia. Life Sci 2024; 337:122356. [PMID: 38123015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is known to increase the risk of dementia accompanied by memory loss and depression. The direct pathways and specific mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for addressing fatty acid imbalances in MetS have not yet been fully elucidated. Among polyunsaturated acids, linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3-PUFA), which are two essential fatty acids that should be provided by food sources (e.g., vegetable oils and seeds), have been reported to regulate various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin signaling. Furthermore, inadequate intake of LA and ALA is reported to be involved in neuropathology and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as imbalanced metabolic conditions. Herein, we review the roles of LA and ALA on metabolic-related dementia focusing on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric issues. This review suggests that LA and ALA are important fatty acids for concurrent treatment of both MetS and neurological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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da Costa Silva Kindelan S, Queiroz MP, Barbosa MQ, Viera VB, Guerra GC, Fernandes de Souza Araújo D, Jacielly dos Santos J, Lucia de Azevedo Oliveira M, Milhomens Ferreira Melo PC, Rufino Freitas JC, Gomes Dutra LM, Frazão Tavares de Melo MF, Barbosa Soares JK. Maternal rat prenatal and neonatal treatment with pequi pulp reduces anxiety and lipid peroxidation in brain tissue of rat offspring at adolescence. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19757. [PMID: 37809698 PMCID: PMC10559064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pequi fruit (Caryocar Brasiliense cambess), typical of the Brazilian cerrado or savannah, is a source of essential fatty acids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of consuming this fruit on anxiety behavior and lipid peroxidation in the brains of rats whose mothers were treated (by gavage) during pregnancy and lactation with Pequi fruit (pulp or nuts) at 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Anxiety parameters were assessed using the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), and light/dark box (LDB) tests. The brain was removed to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Data were analyzed using One-way Anova (p < 0.05). In the OF, the animals in the pulp group presented more time spent in the central area (20.37 ± 0.73 vs Control: 12.51 ± 0.39; Nuts: 8.28 ± 0.40) and increased locomotion (159.7 ± 6.10) compared to the other groups (Control: 127.3 ± 5.54; Nuts: 139.08 ± 6.57). In the EPM, the pulp group entered into the open arms (8.57 ± 0.36) and stayed more time in the central area (19.44 ± 1.17) compared to the Nuts group (7.14 ± 0.34; 13.00 ± 1.57). In the LDB the pulp group entered more (8.00 ± 0.42 vs Control: 7.16 ± 0.16 and Nuts: 7.42 ± 0.75) and stayed longer in the clear light side (92.18 ± 6.42) than all the other groups (Control: 71.44 ± 3.53; Nuts: 80.57 ± 6.50), respectively. Pulp group presented lower MDA in the brain (55.34 ± 3.04) compared to Control (72.06 ± 4.66) and Nuts (66.57 ± 2.45). We conclude that Pequi pulp consumption during pregnancy and lactation reduces lipid peroxidation in brain tissue and induces anxiolytic-like behavior in rat offspring. These effects were not observed in the Pequi nuts group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suedna da Costa Silva Kindelan
- Program of Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Michelly Pires Queiroz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Mayara Queiroga Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Program of Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Jany Jacielly dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas
- Program of Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
- Education and Health Center, Academic Unit of Biology and Chemistry, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Pariba, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria Gomes Dutra
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Kessia Barbosa Soares
- Program of Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Landa JF, Hernández-López F, Martínez-Mota L, Scuteri D, Bernal-Morales B, Rivadeneyra-Domínguez E. GABAA/Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex in the Dorsal Hippocampus Mediates the Effects of Chrysin on Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:789557. [PMID: 35069140 PMCID: PMC8766729 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.789557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic injections of the flavonoid chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) exert anxiolytic-like effects in ovariectomised and cycling female rats through actions on gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors; however, it is unknown if chrysin directly acts on brain structures that are involved in regulating emotional processes, such as the hippocampus. The present study evaluated the effects of intrahippocampal microinjections of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 μg of chrysin on anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and locomotor activity test (LAT) in female rats in proestrus and dioestrus. Similar doses of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone were used as a reference GABAergic anxiolytic drug. The participation of the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex was evaluated by administering the antagonists picrotoxin, bicuculline and flumazenil. In proestrus, 0.5 and 1 μg of chrysin and allopregnanolone induced anxiogenic-like behaviour. In dioestrus, chrysin, and allopregnanolone (0.5 μg) induced anxiolytic-like effects. Picrotoxin, bicuculline and flumazenil prevented the effects of chrysin and allopregnanolone in both proestrus and dioestrus. None of the treatments significantly affected locomotor activity. These results indicate that the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex in the dorsal hippocampus regulates the effects of chrysin on anxiety-like behaviour, similar to the actions of allopregnanolone. The divergent effects of treatments across the oestrous cycle phases suggest complex interactions between GABAA receptors and compounds with an anxiolytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa,
| | | | - Lucía Martínez-Mota
- Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Damiana Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
- Damiana Scuteri,
| | - Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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Frausto-González O, Bautista CJ, Narváez-González F, Hernandez-Leon A, Estrada-Camarena E, Rivero-Cruz F, González-Trujano ME. Bertholletia excelsa Seeds Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior, Lipids, and Overweight in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113212. [PMID: 34072024 PMCID: PMC8198383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight, obesity, and psychiatric disorders are serious health problems. To evidence the anxiolytic-like effects and lipid reduction in mice receiving a high-calorie diet and Bertholletia excelsa seeds in a nonpolar extract (SBHX, 30 and 300 mg/kg), animals were assessed in open-field, hole-board, and elevated plus-maze tests. SBHX (3 and 10 mg/kg) potentiated the pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Chronic administration of SBHX for 40 days was given to mice fed with a hypercaloric diet to determine the relationship between water and food intake vs. changes in body weight. Testes, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver were dissected to analyze fat content, triglycerides, cholesterol, and histological effects after administering the hypercaloric diet and SBHX. Fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid (0.14%), palmitic acid (21.42%), linoleic acid (11.02%), oleic acid (59.97%), and stearic acid (7.44%), were identified as constituents of SBHX, producing significant anxiolytic-like effects and preventing body-weight gain in mice receiving the hypercaloric diet without altering their water or food consumption. There was also a lipid-lowering effect on the testicular tissue and eWAT and a reduction of adipocyte area in eWAT. Our data evidence beneficial properties of B. excelsa seeds influencing global health concerns such as obesity and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Frausto-González
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Narváez-González
- ISSSTE Hospital Regional “Gral. Ignacio Zaragoza”, Calz. Ignacio Zaragoza 1711, Ejército Constitucionalista, Chinam Pac de Juárez, Iztapalapa, 09220 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.E.-C.); (M.E.G.-T.)
| | - Fausto Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.-C.); (M.E.G.-T.)
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Metabolomic Analysis of Plasma from GABAB(1) Knock-Out Mice Reveals Decreased Levels of Elaidic Trans-Fatty Acid. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120484. [PMID: 33255896 PMCID: PMC7760308 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking the GABAB(1) subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptors exhibit spontaneous seizures, hyperalgesia, hyperlocomotor activity, and memory impairment. Although mice lacking the GABAB(1) subunit are viable, they are sterile, and to generate knockout (KO) mice, it is necessary to cross heterozygous (HZ) mice. The aim of our study was to detect the metabolic differences between the three genotypes of GABAB(1) KO mice in order to further characterize this experimental animal model. Plasma samples were collected from wild-type (WT), HZ, and KO mice. Samples were analyzed by means of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) platform. Univariate t-test, and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to compare the metabolic pattern of different genotypes. The metabolomic analysis highlighted differences between the three genotypes and identified some metabolites less abundant in KO mice, namely elaidic acid and other fatty acids, and chiro-inositol.
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Rodríguez-Landa JF, Guillén-Ruiz G, Hernández-López F, Cueto-Escobedo J, Rivadeneyra-Domínguez E, Bernal-Morales B, Herrera-Huerta EV. Chrysin reduces anxiety-like behavior through actions on GABA A receptors during metestrus-diestrus in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112952. [PMID: 33017640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Low concentrations of ovarian hormones, among other factors, are associated with greater vulnerability to negative effects of environmental stressors and may trigger anxiety symptoms in females. The flavonoid chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) exerts anxiolytic-like effects in male and ovariectomized female rats, but it is unknown if chrysin could reduce anxiety-like behavior that naturally occurs through the ovarian cycle phases. The present study evaluated the effect of chrysin on anxiety-like behavior associated with the ovarian cycle phases in rats and the participation of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors in these actions. The acute effects of chrysin (2 mg/kg) were investigated in female cycling Wistar rats in the elevated plus maze, locomotor activity test, and light/dark test. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) was used as reference anxiolytic drug. The participation of GABAA receptor in the anxiolytic actions of chrysin was explored by pretreating the rats with the noncompetitive GABAA chloride ion channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). Chrysin and diazepam prevented anxiety-like behavior that was associated with the metestrus-diestrus phase in both the elevated plus maze and light/dark test, and these effects were reversed by picrotoxin, with no significant changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. No significant motor effects of chrysin were detected in either behavioral test during proestrus-estrus or metestrus-diestrus phases, whereas diazepam produced motor hypoactivity in the locomotor activity test during proestrus-estrus phase. These results indicate that the flavonoid chrysin prevents anxiety-like behavior that naturally occurs during metestrus-diestrus in two unconditioned models that are used to evaluate anxiety-like behavior, and these effects were mediated by actions on GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Hernández-López
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 66, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Landa JF, Hernández-López F, Cueto-Escobedo J, Herrera-Huerta EV, Rivadeneyra-Domínguez E, Bernal-Morales B, Romero-Avendaño E. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) exerts anxiolytic-like effects through GABAA receptors in a surgical menopause model in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2387-2395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Bernal-Morales B, Cueto-Escobedo J, Guillén-Ruiz G, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Contreras CM. A Fatty Acids Mixture Reduces Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Infant Rats Mediated by GABA A Receptors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8798546. [PMID: 29392140 PMCID: PMC5748109 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8798546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (C6-C18) found in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and maternal milk reduce behavioral indicators of experimental anxiety in adult Wistar rats. Unknown, however, is whether the anxiolytic-like effects of fatty acids provide a natural mechanism against anxiety in young offspring. The present study assessed the anxiolytic-like effect of a mixture of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, and linoleic acid in Wistar rats on postnatal day 28. Infant rats were subjected to the elevated plus maze, defensive burying test, and locomotor activity test. Diazepam was used as a reference anxiolytic drug. A group that was pretreated with picrotoxin was used to explore the participation of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects. Similar to diazepam, the fatty acid mixture significantly increased the frequency of entries into and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze and decreased burying behavior in the defensive burying test, without producing significant changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. These anxiolytic-like effects were blocked by picrotoxin. Results suggest that these fatty acids that are contained in maternal fluid may reduce anxiety-like behavior by modulating GABAergic neurotransmission in infant 28-day-old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Juan F. Rodríguez-Landa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Carlos M. Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
- Unidad Periférica Xalapa, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
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Mograbi KDM, de Castro ACF, de Oliveira JAR, Sales PJB, Covolan L, Del Bel EA, de Souza AS. Effects of GABAa receptor antagonists on motor behavior in pharmacological Parkinson's disease model in mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/6/e13081. [PMID: 28351968 PMCID: PMC5371543 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA)a receptor antagonists on motor behavioral tasks in a pharmacological model of Parkinson disease (PD) in rodents. Ninety‐six Swiss mice received intraperitoneal injection of Haloperidol (1 mg/kg) to block dopaminergic receptors. GABAa receptors antagonists Bicuculline (1 and 5 mg/kg) and Flumazenil (3 and 6 mg/kg) were used for the assessment of the interaction among these neurotransmitters, in this PD model. The motor behavior of the animals was evaluated in the catalepsy test (30, 60, and 90 min after drugs application), through open field test (after 60 min) and trough functional gait assessment (after 60 min). Both Bicuculline and Flumazenil were able to partially reverse catalepsy induced by Haloperidol. In the open field test, Haloperidol reduced the number of horizontal and vertical exploration of the animals, which was not reversed trough application of GABAa antagonists. Furthermore, the functional gait assessment was not sensitive enough to detect motor changes in this animal model of PD. There is an interaction between dopamine and GABA in the basal ganglia and the blocking GABAa receptors may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla De Michelis Mograbi
- Laboratory of Biophysiopharmacology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciene Covolan
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Albert Schiaveto de Souza
- Laboratory of Biophysiopharmacology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Jiménez-Ferrer E, Santillán-Urquiza MA, Alegría-Herrera E, Zamilpa A, Noguerón-Merino C, Tortoriello J, Navarro-García V, Avilés-Flores M, Fuentes-Mata M, Herrera-Ruiz M. Anxiolytic effect of fatty acids and terpenes fraction from Aloysia triphylla: Serotoninergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:320-327. [PMID: 29017144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloysia triphylla (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic medicinal plant, and it is used for the treatment of "nervous" problems as, "sadness" and "nervousness". While, there are no reports about its pharmacological activity in animal models. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of the extracts and fractions of this species and to measure the interaction of the most active fraction with serotonergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic drugs. An elevated plus maze test was carried ought where the methanol (AtM), dicloromethane (AtD) and hexanic (AtH) extracts presented anxiolytic activity in mice when exposed to the test. Also, different fractions obtained from the AtD were evaluated (AtF1, AtF2 and AtF3, 15mg/kg), and showed that fraction AtF1 possessed the anxiolytic activity, in the same model. Then, AtF1 was co-administered with different drugs, which act on GABAergic (bicuculline, picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, baclofen and phaclofen), or serotononinergic (DOI, 8-OH-DPAT, WAY 100635 and ketanserine) or glutamatergic (NMDA, MPEP and MK-801) systems. The anxiolytic activity of AtF1 was modified by GABAergic and serotoninergic drugs. Chemical analysis of this fraction by using GC-MS, showed that it contains hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, eicosanoic acid methyl ester, vitamin E, α-amiryn, campesterol, sitosterol, stigmastan-2,22, dien-3-ol (4) and stigmasta 5, 24 (28) dien-3-ol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mayra Alejandra Santillán-Urquiza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Elian Alegría-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carmen Noguerón-Merino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaime Tortoriello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico; INAH-Morelos, Matamoros 14 Acapantzingo, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62440, Mexico
| | - Victor Navarro-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
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12
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Afify EA, Alkreathy HM, Ali AS, Alfaifi HA, Khan LM. Characterization of the Antinociceptive Mechanisms of Khat Extract ( Catha edulis) in Mice. Front Neurol 2017; 8:69. [PMID: 28316587 PMCID: PMC5332354 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antinociceptive mechanisms of khat extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) in four pain models: two thermic (hot plate, tail-flick) and two chemical (acetic acid, formalin) models. Male mice were pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the opioid receptor blocker naloxone (5 mg/kg), the cholinergic antagonist atropine (2 mg/kg), the selective α1 blocker prazosin (1 mg/kg), the dopamine D2 antagonist haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg), or the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline (1 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to i.p. injection of khat extract (400 mg/kg). Khat extract reduced the nociceptive response of mice in the four pain tests. Naloxone significantly inhibited the antinociceptive effect of khat extract in the hot plate, tail-flick, and the first phase of formalin tests. Bicuculline significantly antagonized the antinociceptive effect of khat extract on the hot plate and tail-flick tests. Haloperidol significantly reversed the antinociceptive effect of khat extract on the tail-flick test and the first phase of formalin test. These results provide strong evidence that the antinociceptive activity of khat extract is mediated via opioidergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic pathways. The mechanism of the antinociceptive action of khat may be linked to the different types of pain generated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham A Afify
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M Alkreathy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alfaifi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lateef M Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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13
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Arcos-Martínez AI, Muñoz-Muñiz OD, Domínguez-Ortiz MÁ, Saavedra-Vélez MV, Vázquez-Hernández M, Alcántara-López MG. Anxiolytic-like effect of ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana and its alkaloids in Wistar rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2016; 6:476-88. [PMID: 27516989 PMCID: PMC4967844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Argemone mexicana is a Papaveracea plant; some reports have shown their antibacterial, anti-cancer, sedative and probably anti-anxiety properties. From their aerial parts, flavonoids and alkaloids have been isolated, which are intrinsically related to some actions on the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effects of the plant, using its ethanolic extract and alkaloid-enriched extract obtained from fresh leaves. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phytochemical screening was carried out together with evaluation of antioxidant capacity and the enrichment of alkaloids present in the extract. Subsequently, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of ethanolic extract and alkaloid-enriched extract (200 µg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to female Wistar rats, which were exposed to elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Picrotoxin (1 mg/kg), a non-competitive gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) chloride channel antagonist, was used in experimental procedures to evaluate if this receptor is involved in the anxiolytic-like effects of A. mexicana. To discard motor effects associated with the treatments, the rats were evaluated by the locomotor activity test. RESULTS Only the ethanolic extract at 200 mg/kg and alkaloid-enriched extract (200 µg/kg) produced anxiolytic-like effects similarly to diazepam 2 mg/kg on EPM test, without affecting locomotor activity. Meanwhile, the administration of picrotoxin blocked anti-anxiety effect of alkaloid-enriched extract of the plant. CONCLUSION These results showed that A. mexicana is a potential anxiolytic agent and we suggest that this effect is mediated by the GABAA receptor. These effects are related to the presence of alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aideé Itzel Arcos-Martínez
- Institute of Neuroethology, University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico,Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry (QFB), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Omar David Muñoz-Muñiz
- Support Services Unit in Analytical Resolution (SARA), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico,Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry (QFB), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | | | - Maribel Vázquez-Hernández
- Support Services Unit in Analytical Resolution (SARA), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico
| | - María Gabriela Alcántara-López
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry (QFB), University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa-Veracruz, Mexico,Corresponding Author: Tel: +522288421759, Fax: +522288422743,
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14
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Contreras CM, Rodríguez-Landa JF, García-Ríos RI, Cueto-Escobedo J, Guillen-Ruiz G, Bernal-Morales B. Myristic acid produces anxiolytic-like effects in Wistar rats in the elevated plus maze. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:492141. [PMID: 25328885 PMCID: PMC4189847 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of eight fatty acids (linoleic, palmitic, stearic, myristic, elaidic, lauric, oleic, and palmitoleic acids) at similar concentrations identified in human amniotic fluid produces anxiolytic-like effects comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats. However, individual effects of each fatty acid remain unexplored. In Wistar rats, we evaluated the separate action of each fatty acid at the corresponding concentrations previously found in human amniotic fluid on anxiety-like behaviour. Individual effects were compared with vehicle, an artificial mixture of the same eight fatty acids, and a reference anxiolytic drug (diazepam, 2 mg/kg). Myristic acid, the fatty acid mixture, and diazepam increased the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and reduced the anxiety index compared with vehicle, without altering general locomotor activity. The other fatty acids had no effect on anxiety-like behaviour, but oleic acid reduced locomotor activity. Additionally, myristic acid produced anxiolytic-like effects only when the concentration corresponded to the one identified in human amniotic fluid (30 μg/mL) but did not alter locomotor activity. We conclude that of the eight fatty acids contained in the fatty acid mixture, only myristic acid produces anxiolytic-like effects when administered individually at a similar concentration detected in human amniotic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Contreras
- Unidad Periférica Xalapa, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Dr. Luis Castelazo s/n, Colonia Industrial Las Ánimas, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Dr. Luis Castelazo s/n, Colonia Industrial Las Ánimas, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Rosa Isela García-Ríos
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Dr. Luis Castelazo s/n, Colonia Industrial Las Ánimas, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Dr. Luis Castelazo s/n, Colonia Industrial Las Ánimas, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Guillen-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Dr. Luis Castelazo s/n, Colonia Industrial Las Ánimas, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Dr. Luis Castelazo s/n, Colonia Industrial Las Ánimas, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
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