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Ahmadi D, Mahmoudi N, Li P, Ma K, Doutch J, Foglia F, Heenan RK, Barlow D, Lawrence MJ. Revealing the Hidden Details of Nanostructure in a Pharmaceutical Cream. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4082. [PMID: 32139812 PMCID: PMC7058068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creams are multi-component semi-solid emulsions that find widespread utility across a wide range of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care products, and they also feature prominently in veterinary preparations and processed foodstuffs. The internal architectures of these systems, however, have to date been inferred largely through macroscopic and/or indirect experimental observations and so they are not well-characterized at the molecular level. Moreover, while their long-term stability and shelf-life, and their aesthetics and functional utility are critically dependent upon their molecular structure, there is no real understanding yet of the structural mechanisms that underlie the potential destabilizing effects of additives like drugs, anti-oxidants or preservatives, and no structure-based rationale to guide product formulation. In the research reported here we sought to address these deficiencies, making particular use of small-angle neutron scattering and exploiting the device of H/D contrast variation, with complementary studies also performed using bright-field and polarised light microscopy, small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and steady-state shear rheology measurements. Through the convolved findings from these studies we have secured a finely detailed picture of the molecular structure of creams based on Aqueous Cream BP, and our findings reveal that the structure is quite different from the generic picture of cream structure that is widely accepted and reproduced in textbooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Ahmadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peixun Li
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Kun Ma
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - James Doutch
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Fabrizia Foglia
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Richard K Heenan
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - David Barlow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PG, UK.
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PG, UK.
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Safety assessment of starch-based personal care products: Nanocapsules and pickering emulsions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 342:14-21. [PMID: 29407772 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The safety profile of the ingredients used in topical dosage forms and its evaluation is an issue of utmost importance. A suitable equilibrium between safety and efficacy is crucial before promoting a dermatological product. The aim of this work was to assess the safety and biological effects of starch-based vehicles (St-BV) used in such products. The hazard, exposure and dose-response assessment were used to characterize the risk of each ingredient. The EpiSkin™ assay and human repeat insult patch tests were performed to compare the theoretical safety assessment to in vitro and in vivo data. The efficacy of the St-BV was studied using biophysical measurements in human volunteers during 28 days, showing that all ingredients and their combinations were safe for the consumer. Tissue viability determined using the EpiSkin™ testing reached values between 84.0 ± 5.0% and 98.0 ± 8.6% after application of St-BV, which were considered as non-irritant to the skin. These observations were confirmed by the in vivo studies where the St-BV did not induce any sensitization on the volunteers, being safe for human use. Moreover, St-BV increased skin hydration and microcirculation, emerging as an attractive alternative to chemical raw materials.
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Design of novel starch-based Pickering emulsions as platforms for skin photoprotection. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Marto J, Ascenso A, Simoes S, Almeida AJ, Ribeiro HM. Pickering emulsions: challenges and opportunities in topical delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1093-107. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1182489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ascenso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simoes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António J. Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena M. Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Marto J, Gouveia LF, Gonçalves LM, Gaspar DP, Pinto P, Carvalho FA, Oliveira E, Ribeiro HM, Almeida AJ. A Quality by design (QbD) approach on starch-based nanocapsules: A promising platform for topical drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:177-185. [PMID: 27003468 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exploring novel applications for approved excipients with a history of safe use in therapeutics is a smart strategy to obtain improved pharmaceutical products. The present study aimed at developing a novel starch-based nanoparticulate carrier system (StNC) for topical delivery of lipophilic bioactive molecules. The role of the different factors that affect the particle size distribution and zeta potential of StNC prepared by the emulsification-solvent evaporation method was assessed using a quality by design approach. An optimal formulation was selected and fully characterized in terms of molecular interactions (DSC and FTIR), morphology (TEM and AFM), as well as in vitro and in vivo biological properties, including biological sensitivity/irritation studies performed in human volunteers. Results show the surfactant and lipid contents play a major role in StNC particle size distribution. In addition, all tested formulations presented a zeta potential of ca. +33.6±6.7 mV, indicating a good physical stability, while revealing an excellent compromise between stability, safety and cosmeticity, evidencing that StNC are suitable nanocarriers for topical use. Finally, the design planning methodology has clearly shown its usefulness for optimizing the formulation, being also crucial for the understanding of StNC formation process. The StNC proved to be a promising formulation strategy and a potential nanocarrier for topical lipophilic bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L F Gouveia
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L M Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D P Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Oliveira
- Laboratórios Atral S.A., Vala do Carregado, Portugal
| | - H M Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A J Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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