1
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Poddar A, Ahmady F, Rao SR, Sharma R, Kannourakis G, Prithviraj P, Jayachandran A. The role of pregnancy associated plasma protein-A in triple negative breast cancer: a promising target for achieving clinical benefits. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:23. [PMID: 38395880 PMCID: PMC10885503 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) plays an integral role in breast cancer (BC), especially triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This subtype accounts for the most aggressive BC, possesses high tumor heterogeneity, is least responsive to standard treatments and has the poorest clinical outcomes. There is a critical need to address the lack of effective targeted therapeutic options available. PAPP-A is a protein that is highly elevated during pregnancy. Frequently, higher PAPP-A expression is detected in tumors than in healthy tissues. The increase in expression coincides with increased rates of aggressive cancers. In BC, PAPP-A has been demonstrated to play a role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as acting as a biomarker for predicting patient outcomes. In this review, we present the role of PAPP-A, with specific focus on TNBC. The structure and function of PAPP-A, belonging to the pappalysin subfamily, and its proteolytic activity are assessed. We highlight the link of BC and PAPP-A with respect to the IGFBP/IGF axis, EMT, the window of susceptibility and the impact of pregnancy. Importantly, the relevance of PAPP-A as a TNBC clinical marker is reviewed and its influence on immune-related pathways are explored. The relationship and mechanisms involving PAPP-A reveal the potential for more treatment options that can lead to successful immunotherapeutic targets and the ability to assist with better predicting clinical outcomes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Poddar
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
- RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Farah Ahmady
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sushma R Rao
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Revati Sharma
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prashanth Prithviraj
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia.
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Judge RA, Sridar J, Tunyasunvunakool K, Jain R, Wang JCK, Ouch C, Xu J, Mafi A, Nile AH, Remarcik C, Smith CL, Ghosh C, Xu C, Stoll V, Jumper J, Singh AH, Eaton D, Hao Q. Structure of the PAPP-A BP5 complex reveals mechanism of substrate recognition. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5500. [PMID: 36127359 PMCID: PMC9489782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is highly conserved and tightly regulated by proteases including Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A). PAPP-A and its paralog PAPP-A2 are metalloproteases that mediate IGF bioavailability through cleavage of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). Here, we present single-particle cryo-EM structures of the catalytically inactive mutant PAPP-A (E483A) in complex with a peptide from its substrate IGFBP5 (PAPP-ABP5) and also in its substrate-free form, by leveraging the power of AlphaFold to generate a high quality predicted model as a starting template. We show that PAPP-A is a flexible trans-dimer that binds IGFBP5 via a 25-amino acid anchor peptide which extends into the metalloprotease active site. This unique IGFBP5 anchor peptide that mediates the specific PAPP-A-IGFBP5 interaction is not found in other PAPP-A substrates. Additionally, we illustrate the critical role of the PAPP-A central domain as it mediates both IGFBP5 recognition and trans-dimerization. We further demonstrate that PAPP-A trans-dimer formation and distal inter-domain interactions are both required for efficient proteolysis of IGFBP4, but dispensable for IGFBP5 cleavage. Together the structural and biochemical studies reveal the mechanism of PAPP-A substrate binding and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janani Sridar
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Rinku Jain
- AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John C K Wang
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christna Ouch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Aaron H Nile
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Crystal Ghosh
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Stoll
- AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Amoolya H Singh
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA.,GRAIL, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Dan Eaton
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Qi Hao
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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The impact of autophagy modulation on phenotype and survival of cardiac stromal cells under metabolic stress. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:149. [PMID: 35365624 PMCID: PMC8975847 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) embrace multiple phenotypes and are a contributory factor in tissue homeostasis and repair. They can be exploited as therapeutic mediators against cardiac fibrosis and remodeling, but their survival and cardioprotective properties can be decreased by microenvironmental cues. We evaluated the impact of autophagy modulation by different pharmacological/genetic approaches on the viability and phenotype of murine CSCs, which had been subjected to nutrient deprivation or hyperglycemia, in order to mimic relevant stress conditions and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Our results show that autophagy is activated in CSCs by nutrient deprivation, and that autophagy induction by trehalose or autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7)-overexpression can significantly preserve CSC viability. Furthermore, autophagy induction is associated with a higher proportion of primitive, non-activated stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1)-positive cells, and with a reduced fibrotic fraction (positive for the discoidin domain-containing receptor 2, DDR2) in the CSC pool after nutrient deprivation. Hyperglycemia, on the other hand, is associated with reduced autophagic flux in CSCs, and with a significant reduction in primitive Sca1+ cells. Autophagy induction by adenoviral-mediated ATG7-overexpression maintains a cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic paracrine profile of CSCs exposed to hyperglycemia for 1 week. Finally, autophagy induction by ATG7-overexpression during hyperglycemia can significantly preserve cell viability in CSCs, which were subsequently exposed to nutrient deprivation, reducing hyperglycemia-induced impairment of cell resistance to stress. In conclusion, our results show that autophagy stimulation preserves CSC viability and function in response to metabolic stressors, suggesting that it may boost the beneficial functions of CSCs in cardiac repair mechanisms.
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4
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Serebryanaya DV, Adasheva DA, Konev AA, Artemieva MM, Katrukha IA, Postnikov AB, Medvedeva NA, Katrukha AG. IGFBP-4 Proteolysis by PAPP-A in a Primary Culture of Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes under Normal and Hypertrophic Conditions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1395-1406. [PMID: 34906040 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a matrix metalloprotease localized on the cell surface. One of the substrates that PAPP-A cleaves is the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), a member of the family of proteins that bind insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Proteolysis of IGFBP-4 by PAPP-A occurs at a specific site resulting in formation of two proteolytic fragments - N-terminal IGFBP-4 (NT-IGFBP-4) and C-terminal IGFBP-4 (CT-IGFBP-4), and leads to the release of IGF activating various cellular processes including migration, proliferation, and cell growth. Increased levels of the proteolytic IGFBP-4 fragments correlate with the development of CVD complications and increased risk of death in patients with the coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. However, there is no direct evidence that PAPP-A specifically cleaves IGFBP-4 in the cardiac tissue under normal and pathological conditions. In the present study, using a primary culture of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes as a model, we have demonstrated that: 1) proteolysis of IGFBP-4 by PAPP-A occurs in the conditioned medium of cardiomyocytes, 2) PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis is increased when cardiomyocytes are transformed to a hypertrophic state. Thus, it can be assumed that the enhancement of IGFBP-4 cleavage by PAPP-A and hypertrophic changes in cardiomyocytes accompanying CVD are interrelated, and PAPP-A appears to be one of the activators of the IGF-dependent processes in normal and hypertrophic-state cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Serebryanaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Daria A Adasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | | | - Marina M Artemieva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ivan A Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Alexander B Postnikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Natalia A Medvedeva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
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5
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Conover CA, Bale LK, Frye RL, Schaff HV. Cellular characterization of human epicardial adipose tissue: highly expressed PAPP-A regulates insulin-like growth factor I signaling in human cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14006. [PMID: 30809969 PMCID: PMC6391584 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the cellular biology of fat surrounding the human heart. In this study, we obtained paired samples of epicardial fat, the visceral fat depot attached to the heart, and subcutaneous skin fat from patients undergoing open heart surgery to test the hypothesis that human epicardial fat cells differentially express bioactive molecules that have the potential to affect cardiac function. First, we characterized the free fatty acids (FFAs), adipocytokines, and growth factors secreted by isolated adipocytes and preadipocytes in cell culture. There was little to distinguish the fat cell secretory products in terms of FFAs and adipocytokines. The most striking finding was that preadipocytes from epicardial adipose tissue expressed high levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), a novel metalloproteinase that enhances local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action through cleavage of inhibitory IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). PAPP-A levels were 15-fold higher in conditioned medium from epicardial preadipocytes than from subcutaneous preadipocytes (P < 0.0001). PAPP-A was not expressed in mature adipocytes. Next we determined whether PAPP-A could affect IGF-I signaling in a human cardiomyocyte cell line. IGF-I activated receptor-mediated auto-phosphorylation, and this was blocked by wild-type and protease-resistant IGFBP-4. Addition of PAPP-A induced cleavage of wild-type, but not protease-resistant, IGFBP-4 thereby restoring IGF-I action. A proteolytically defective PAPP-A had no effect. IGF-I receptor-mediated signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway was similarly inhibited by IGFBP-4 and restored by PAPP-A. Thus, human epicardial fat cells differentially express PAPP-A, which has the potential to affect IGF signaling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert L. Frye
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
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Pagano F, Picchio V, Angelini F, Iaccarino A, Peruzzi M, Cavarretta E, Biondi-Zoccai G, Sciarretta S, De Falco E, Chimenti I, Frati G. The Biological Mechanisms of Action of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Therapy. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:84. [PMID: 30105430 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-1031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases is regarded as a rapidly growing field within regenerative medicine. Different cellular populations enriched for cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), or derivate a-cellular products, are currently under preclinical and clinical evaluation. Here, we have reviewed the described mechanisms whereby resident post-natal CPCs, isolated in different ways, act as a therapeutic product on the damaged myocardium. RECENT FINDINGS Several biological mechanisms of action have been described which can explain the multiple therapeutic effects of CPC treatment observed on cardiac function and remodelling. These mechanisms span from direct cardiovascular differentiation, through induction of resident progenitor proliferation, to paracrine effects on cardiac and non-cardiac cells mediated by exosomes and non-coding RNAs. All the reported mechanisms of action support an integrated view including cardiomyogenesis, cardioprotection, and anti-fibrotic effects. Moreover, future developments of CPC therapy approaches may support cell-free strategies, exploiting effective pleiotropic cell-derived products, such as exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Via Giovanni Martinotti, 20, 00135, Rome, Italy.,Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Alessandra Iaccarino
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, viale Regina Margherita 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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7
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Barile L, Cervio E, Lionetti V, Milano G, Ciullo A, Biemmi V, Bolis S, Altomare C, Matteucci M, Di Silvestre D, Brambilla F, Fertig TE, Torre T, Demertzis S, Mauri P, Moccetti T, Vassalli G. Cardioprotection by cardiac progenitor cell-secreted exosomes: role of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Heart and Vessels Department, CHUV-University of Lausanne Medical Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Altomare
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Matteucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tiziano Torre
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefanos Demertzis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Heart and Vessels Department, CHUV-University of Lausanne Medical Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Angelini F, Pagano F, Bordin A, Picchio V, De Falco E, Chimenti I. Getting Old through the Blood: Circulating Molecules in Aging and Senescence of Cardiovascular Regenerative Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:62. [PMID: 29057227 PMCID: PMC5635266 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Global aging is a hallmark of our century. The natural multifactorial process resulting in aging involves structural and functional changes, affecting molecules, cells, and tissues. As the western population is getting older, we are witnessing an increase in the burden of cardiovascular events, some of which are known to be directly linked to cellular senescence and dysfunction. In this review, we will focus on the description of a few circulating molecules, which have been correlated to life span, aging, and cardiovascular homeostasis. We will review the current literature concerning the circulating levels and related signaling pathways of selected proteins (insulin-like growth factor 1, growth and differentiation factor-11, and PAI-1) and microRNAs of interest (miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-21), whose bloodstream levels have been associated to aging in different organisms. In particular, we will also discuss their potential role in the biology and senescence of cardiovascular regenerative cell types, such as endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and cardiac progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelini
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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9
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Sex Differences of Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells in the Biological Response to TNF- α Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4790563. [PMID: 29104594 PMCID: PMC5623773 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4790563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), represent promising candidates for cardiac regenerative therapy. CDCs can be expanded in vitro manyfolds without losing their differentiation potential, reaching numbers that are appropriate for clinical applications. Since mechanisms of successful CDC survival and engraftment in the damaged myocardium are still critical and unresolved issues, we aimed at deciphering possible key factors capable of bolstering CDC function. In particular, the response and the phenotype of CDCs exposed to low concentrations of the multifunctional cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), known to be capable of activating cell survival pathways, have been investigated. Furthermore, differential biological responses of CDCs from male and female donors, in terms of cell cycle progression and cell spreading, have also been assessed. The results obtained indicate that (i) the intracellular signaling activated in our experimental conditions is most likely due to the prosurvival and proliferative signaling of TNF-α receptor 2 and that (ii) cells from female patients appear more responsive to TNF-α treatment in terms of cell cycle progression and migration ability. In conclusion, the present report highlights the hypothesis that TNF-stimulated CDCs isolated from females may represent a promising candidate for cardiac regenerative therapy applications.
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10
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Normal versus Pathological Cardiac Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Differentially Modulates Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Paracrine Properties and Commitment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7396462. [PMID: 28740514 PMCID: PMC5504962 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7396462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are under clinical evaluation as a therapeutic product for cardiac regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, limited engraftment and differentiation potential of transplanted cells significantly hamper therapeutic success. Moreover, maladaptive remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during heart failure progression provides impaired biological and mechanical signals to cardiac cells, including CPCs. In this study, we aimed at investigating the differential effect on the phenotype of human CDCs of cardiac fibroblast-derived ECM substrates from healthy or diseased hearts, named, respectively, normal or pathological cardiogel (CG-N/P). After 7 days of culture, results show increased levels of cardiogenic gene expression (NKX2.5, CX43) on both decellularized cardiogels compared to control, while the proportion and staining patterns of GATA4, OCT4, NKX2.5, ACTA1, VIM, and CD90-positive CPCs were not affected, as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. Nonetheless, CDCs cultured on CG-N secreted significantly higher levels of osteopontin, FGF6, FGF7, NT-3, IGFBP4, and TIMP-2 compared to those cultured on CG-P, suggesting overall a reduced trophic and antiremodelling paracrine profile of CDCs when in contact with ECM from pathological cardiac fibroblasts. These results provide novel insights into the bidirectional interplay between cardiac ECM and CPCs, potentially affecting CPC biology and regenerative potential.
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11
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Chimenti I, Massai D, Morbiducci U, Beltrami AP, Pesce M, Messina E. Stem Cell Spheroids and Ex Vivo Niche Modeling: Rationalization and Scaling-Up. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:150-166. [PMID: 28289983 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved protocols/devices for in vitro culture of 3D cell spheroids may provide essential cues for proper growth and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells (S/PCs) in their niche, allowing preservation of specific features, such as multi-lineage potential and paracrine activity. Several platforms have been employed to replicate these conditions and to generate S/PC spheroids for therapeutic applications. However, they incompletely reproduce the niche environment, with partial loss of its highly regulated network, with additional hurdles in the field of cardiac biology, due to debated resident S/PCs therapeutic potential and clinical translation. In this contribution, the essential niche conditions (metabolic, geometric, mechanical) that allow S/PCs maintenance/commitment will be discussed. In particular, we will focus on both existing bioreactor-based platforms for the culture of S/PC as spheroids, and on possible criteria for the scaling-up of niche-like spheroids, which could be envisaged as promising tools for personalized cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit, "Centro Cardiologico Monzino", IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry, "Umberto I" Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Chimenti I, Pagano F, Angelini F, Siciliano C, Mangino G, Picchio V, De Falco E, Peruzzi M, Carnevale R, Ibrahim M, Biondi‐Zoccai G, Messina E, Frati G. Human Lung Spheroids as In Vitro Niches of Lung Progenitor Cells with Distinctive Paracrine and Plasticity Properties. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:767-777. [PMID: 28297570 PMCID: PMC5442776 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic and translational research on lung biology has discovered multiple progenitor cell types, specialized or facultative, responsible for turnover, renewal, and repair. Isolation of populations of resident lung progenitor cells (LPCs) has been described by multiple protocols, and some have been successfully applied to healthy human lung tissue. We aimed at understanding how different cell culture conditions may affect, in vitro, the phenotype of LPCs to create an ideal niche‐like microenvironment. The influence of different substrates (i.e., fibronectin, gelatin, laminin) and the impact of a three‐dimensional/two‐dimensional (3D/2D) culture switch on the biology of LPCs isolated as lung spheroids (LSs) from normal adult human lung biopsy specimens were investigated. We applied a spheroid culture system as the selective/inductive step for progenitor cell culture, as described in many biological systems. The data showed a niche‐like proepithelial microenvironment inside the LS, highly sensitive to the 3D culture system and significantly affecting the phenotype of adult LPCs more than culture substrate. LSs favor epithelial phenotypes and LPC maintenance and contain cells more responsive to specific commitment stimuli than 2D monolayer cultures, while secreting a distinctive set of paracrine factors. We have shown for the first time, to our knowledge, how culture as 3D LSs can affect LPC epithelial phenotype and produce strong paracrine signals with a distinctive secretomic profile compared with 2D monolayer conditions. These findings suggest novel approaches to maintain ex vivo LPCs for basic and translational studies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:767–777
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Siciliano
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohsen Ibrahim
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi‐Zoccai
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuropsychiatry, “Umberto I” Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Angelini F, Ionta V, Rossi F, Miraldi F, Messina E, Giacomello A. Foetal bovine serum-derived exosomes affect yield and phenotype of human cardiac progenitor cell culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:15-24. [PMID: 27340620 PMCID: PMC4916547 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a powerful tool in cardiac regenerative medicine. Pre-clinical studies suggest that most of the beneficial effects promoted by the injected cells are due to their paracrine activity exerted on endogenous cells and tissue. Exosomes are candidate mediators of this paracrine effects. According to their potential, many researchers have focused on characterizing exosomes derived from specific cell types, but, up until now, only few studies have analyzed the possible in vitro effects of bovine serum-derived exosomes on cell proliferation or differentiation.
Methods: The aim of this study was to analyse, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the in vitro effects of bovine serum exosomes on human CPCs cultured either as cardiospheres or as monolayers of cardiosphere-forming cells.
Results: Effects on proliferation, yield and molecular patterning were detected. We show, for the first time, that exogenous bovine exosomes support the proliferation and migration of human cardiosphere-forming cells, and that their depletion affects cardiospheres formation, in terms of size, yield and extra-cellular matrix production.
Conclusion: These results stress the importance of considering differential biological effects of exogenous cell culture supplements on the final phenotype of primary human cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelini
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ionta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Cardiocirculatory Pathophysiology, Anesthesiology and General Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giacomello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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The potential of GMP-compliant platelet lysate to induce a permissive state for cardiovascular transdifferentiation in human mediastinal adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:162439. [PMID: 26495284 PMCID: PMC4606096 DOI: 10.1155/2015/162439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are considered eligible candidates for cardiovascular stem cell therapy applications due to their cardiac transdifferentiation potential and immunotolerance. Over the years, the in vitro culture of ADMSCs by platelet lysate (PL), a hemoderivate containing numerous growth factors and cytokines derived from platelet pools, has allowed achieving a safe and reproducible methodology to obtain high cell yield prior to clinical administration. Nevertheless, the biological properties of PL are still to be fully elucidated. In this brief report we show the potential ability of PL to induce a permissive state of cardiac-like transdifferentiation and to cause epigenetic modifications. RTPCR results indicate an upregulation of Cx43, SMA, c-kit, and Thy-1 confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, compared to standard cultures with foetal bovine serum. Moreover, PL-cultured ADMSCs exhibit a remarkable increase of both acetylated histones 3 and 4, with a patient-dependent time trend, and methylation at lysine 9 on histone 3 preceding the acetylation. Expression levels of p300 and SIRT-1, two major regulators of histone 3, are also upregulated after treatment with PL. In conclusion, PL could unravel novel biological properties beyond its routine employment in noncardiac applications, providing new insights into the plasticity of human ADMSCs.
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