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Feng Y, He T, Zhang B, Yuan H, Zhou Y. Epidemiology and diagnosis technologies of human metapneumovirus in China: a mini review. Virol J 2024; 21:59. [PMID: 38454484 PMCID: PMC10921660 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a newly identified pathogen causing acute respiratory tract infections in young infants worldwide. Since the initial document of HMPV infection in China in 2003, Chinese scientists have made lots of efforts to prevent and control this disease, including developing diagnosis methods, vaccines and antiviral agents against HMPV, as well as conducting epidemiological investigations. However, effective vaccines or special antiviral agents against HMPV are currently not approved, thus developing early diagnosis methods and knowing its epidemiological characteristics will be beneficial for HMPV control. Here, we summarized current research focused on the epidemiological characteristics of HMPV in China and its available detection methods, which will be beneficial to increase the public awareness and disease control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, China
| | - Tao He
- Xiangtan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, China
| | - Haibin Yuan
- Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, China
| | - Yinfei Zhou
- Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, China.
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Meza UC, Lara NP, Gómez LC, Rodríguez MS, Hernández JRA, Mendoza RT. The HRA2pl fusion peptide exerts in vitro antiviral activity against human respiratory paramyxoviruses and pneumoviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1125135. [PMID: 37153148 PMCID: PMC10157160 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1125135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are a group of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites that mainly affect children until the age of 5 and immunocompromised senior adults. In Mexico, these infections are the main cause of morbidity in children, with more than 26 million cases of respiratory infections reported by the Secretariat of Health, in 2019. The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and the human parainfluenza-2 (hPIV-2) are responsible for many respiratory infections. Currently, palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the fusion protein F, is the treatment of choice against hRSV infections. This protein is being studied for the design of antiviral peptides that act by inhibiting the fusion of the virus and the host cell. Therefore, we examined the antiviral activity of the HRA2pl peptide, which competes the heptad repeat A domain of the F protein of hMPV. The recombinant peptide was obtained using a viral transient expression system. The effect of the fusion peptide was evaluated with an in vitro entry assay. Moreover, the effectiveness of HRA2pl was examined in viral isolates from clinical samples obtained from patients with infections caused by hRSV, hMPV, or hPIV-2, by evaluating the viral titer and the syncytium size. The HRA2pl peptide affected the viruses' capacity of entry, resulting in a 4-log decrease in the viral titer compared to the untreated viral strains. Additionally, a 50% reduction in the size of the syncytium was found. These results demonstrate the antiviral potential of HRA2pl in clinical samples, paving the way toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Cruz Meza
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norvell Perezbusta Lara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Chávez Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Javier R. Ambrosio Hernández
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocio Tirado Mendoza
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rocio Tirado Mendoza,
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Merera AM. Determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1203. [PMID: 34847859 PMCID: PMC8631694 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In low- and middle-income nations, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. According to some studies, Ethiopia has a higher prevalence of childhood acute respiratory infection, ranging from 16 to 33.5%. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five in rural Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 7911 children under the age of five from rural Ethiopia was carried out from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two stage cluster sampling technique was used recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to extract and analyze data. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with a childhood acute respiratory infection. The multivariable logistic regression analysis includes variables with a p-value less than 0.2 during the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with an acute respiratory infection. RESULTS The total ARI prevalence rate among 7911 under-five children from rural Ethiopia was 7.8%, according to the findings of the study. The highest prevalence of ARI was found in Oromia (12.8%), followed by Tigray (12.7%), with the lowest frequency found in Benishangul Gumuz (2.4%). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that child from Poor household (AOR = 2.170, 95% CI: 1.631-2.887), mother's no education (AOR = 2.050,95% CI: 1.017-4.133), mother's Primary education (AOR = 2.387, 95% CI:1.176-4.845), child had not received vitamin A (AOR = 1.926, 95% CI:1.578-2.351), child had no diarrhea (AOR = 0.257, 95% CI: 0.210-0.314), mothers not working (AOR = 0.773, 95% CI:0.630-0.948), not stunted (AOR = 0.663, 95% CI: 0.552-0.796), and not improved water source (AOR = 1.715, 95% CI: 1.395-2.109). Similarly, among under-five children, the age of the child, the month of data collection, anemia status, and the province were all substantially linked to ARI. CONCLUSIONS Childhood ARI morbidity is a serious health challenge in rural Ethiopia, according to this study, with demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, health, and environmental factors all having a role. As a result, regional governments, healthcare staff, and concerned groups should place a priority on reducing ARI, and attempts to solve the issue should take these variables into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanuel Mengistu Merera
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia.
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Duyu M, Karakaya Z. VIRAL ETIOLOGY AND OUTCOME OF SEVERE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN ADMITTED TO THE PICU. Med Intensiva 2020; 45:S0210-5691(20)30164-9. [PMID: 32405129 PMCID: PMC7218367 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the viral etiology of severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), their clinical significance and prognosis among critically ill children. DESIGN A prospective descriptive study was carried out. SETTING Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. PATIENTS A total of 115 patients hospitalized in the PICU were evaluated for inclusion in the study. Children with underlying comorbidities and those who did not require mechanical ventilation were excluded. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Demographic, clinical, laboratory test and radiographic data were recorded. RESULTS A total of 63 patients were eligible for the study. The most common diagnosis was bronchiolitis (57.1%). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most frequent causal virus (36.5%). The most common complication was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (28.6%). Multiple viral infection was identified in 20.6% of the patients, the most common in this subgroup being rhinovirus. Patients with bocavirus infection had a higher likelihood of needing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) at presentation. Children who died were likely to be < 12 months old, have ARDS, hepatitis, pneumomediastinum, multiple viral infection, and required IMV support with an increased duration of MV. Additionally, they were found to have a high Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score, Predicted Death Rate and increased need for inotropic support at admission. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed critically ill children with LRTI without known risk factors to have high mortality when aged < 12 months, in the presence of multiple agents and when certain complications (ARDS, hepatitis) and X-ray findings were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Duyu
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z. Karakaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics Istanbul, Turkey
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Hobbs CV, Khaitan A, Kirmse BM, Borkowsky W. COVID-19 in Children: A Review and Parallels to Other Hyperinflammatory Syndromes. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:593455. [PMID: 33330288 PMCID: PMC7732413 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.593455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, children have had markedly different clinical presentations and outcomes compared to adults. In the acute phase of infection, younger children are relatively spared the severe consequences reported in adults. Yet, they are uniquely susceptible to the newly described Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). This may result from the developmental "immunodeficiency" resulting from a Th2 polarization that starts in utero and is maintained for most of the first decade of life. MIS-C may be due to IgA complexes in a Th2 environment or a Th1-like response to COVID-19 antigens that developed slowly. Alternatively, MIS-C may occur in vulnerable hosts with genetic susceptibilities in other immune and non-immune pathways. Herein, we present a brief overview of the host immune response, virologic and genetic factors, and comparable inflammatory syndromes that may explain the pathophysiology leading to drastic differences in clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 between children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte V Hobbs
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Batson Children's Hospital, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alka Khaitan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brian M Kirmse
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Batson Children's Hospital, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - William Borkowsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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Richter J, Tryfonos C, Christodoulou C. Molecular epidemiology of enteroviruses in Cyprus 2008-2017. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220938. [PMID: 31393960 PMCID: PMC6687182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are associated with a broad spectrum of disease manifestations, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, hand, foot and mouth disease, acute flaccid paralysis and acute flaccid myelitis with outbreaks being reported frequently world-wide. The aim of this study was the molecular characterization of all enteroviruses detected in Cyprus in the ten-year period from January 2008 and December 2017 as well as a description of the circulation patterns associated with the most frequently encountered genotypes. For this purpose, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, nasal swab, skin swab and/or stool samples from 2666 patients with a suspected EV infection were analysed between January 2008 and December 2017. Enteroviruses were detected in 295 (11.1%) patients, which were then investigated further for epidemiological analysis by VP1 genotyping. Overall, 24 different enterovirus types belonging to three different species were identified. The predominant species was EV-B (209/295, 71%), followed by species EV-A (77/295, 26.1%). Only one virus belonged to species EV-D, whereas EV-C enteroviruses were not identified at all. The most frequent genotypes identified were echovirus 30 (26.1%), echovirus 6 (14.2%) and coxsackievirus A6 (10.9%). While Echovirus 30 and echovirus 6 frequency was significantly higher in patients older than 3 years of age, the opposite was observed for CV-A16 and EV-A71, which dominated in young children less than 3 years. Importantly, for the current study period a significant increase of previously only sporadically observed EV-A types, such as EV-A71 and CV-A16 was noted. A phylogenetic analysis of EV-A71 showed that the majority of the EV-A71 strains from Cyprus belonged to sub-genogroup C1 and C2, with the exception of one C4 strain that was observed in 2011. The data presented provide a comprehensive picture of enteroviruses circulating in Cyprus over the last decade and will be helpful to clinicians and researchers involved in the treatment, prevention and control of enteroviral infections by helping interpret trends in enteroviral diseases by associating them with circulating serotypes, for studying the association of enteroviruses with clinical manifestations and develop strategies for designing future EV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Richter
- Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
| | - Christina Tryfonos
- Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Christodoulou
- Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Seynaeve D, Augusseau-Rivière B, Couturier P, Morel-Baccard C, Landelle C, Bosson JL, Gavazzi G, Mallaret MR. Outbreak of Human Metapneumovirus in a Nursing Home: A Clinical Perspective. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 21:104-109.e1. [PMID: 31101588 PMCID: PMC7105973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To describe a human metapneumovirus (hMPV) outbreak occurring in a nursing home for older adults and to identify the risk factors associated with the clinical infection. Design A retrospective, case-controlled study. Setting and participants A French nursing home for older adults between December 27, 2014 and January 20, 2015. Probable cases were residents presenting at least 1 respiratory symptom or 1 constitutional symptom. Confirmed cases identified in the same way as probable cases but with a positive RT-PCR test for hMPV. Controls were residents with no symptoms of respiratory infection. Measures Identification of hMPV was realized on nasal swab samples by RT-PCR. Results Seventy-eight older people were resident at the time of the outbreak. Three of the 4 tested were positive for hMPV by RT-PCR and negative for 13 other viruses or bacteria. All probable infected residents presented cough; other symptoms were scarcer. An inflammatory response was present, with median C-reactive protein at 50 mg/L. The median duration of the illness was 7 days. The rate of infection among residents was high (51%), with 5 hospitalizations (12.5%) and 1 death (2.5%). In multivariate analysis, vaccination against influenza virus appeared to emerge as associated with a probable hMPV infection, but this might be an artifact, as the proportion of unvaccinated residents was low (15%). A clear infected population profile was hard to define, although limited autonomy and low ADL score may play a role. Basic hygiene precautions were reinforced, but droplet precautions seemed difficult to apply rigorously to this population. Conclusions/Implications Clinical and biological presentations were nonspecific. The rate of infection was high, highlighting the need for the rapid introduction of strict precautions to contain the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Seynaeve
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et de Gestion des Risques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France.
| | | | - Pascal Couturier
- Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Caroline Landelle
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et de Gestion des Risques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bosson
- Pôle de Santé Publique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Gaëtan Gavazzi
- Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, GREPI EA 7408, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Reine Mallaret
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et de Gestion des Risques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Cedex, France
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De Conto F, Conversano F, Medici MC, Ferraglia F, Pinardi F, Arcangeletti MC, Chezzi C, Calderaro A. Epidemiology of human respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infection in a 3-year hospital-based survey in Northern Italy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:260-267. [PMID: 30745224 PMCID: PMC7126416 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. The viral etiology of ARTIs was investigated over 3 years (October 2012–September 2015) in 2575 children in Parma, Italy, using indirect immunofluorescent staining of respiratory samples for viral antigens, cell culture, and molecular assays. Respiratory viruses were detected in 1299 cases (50.44%); 1037 (79.83%) were single infections and 262 (20.17%) mixed infections. The highest infection incidence was in children aged >6 months to ≤3 years (57.36%). Human respiratory syncytial virus (27.12%) and human adenovirus (23.58%) were the most common viruses identified. The virus detection rate decreased significantly between the first and third epidemic season (53.9% vs. 43.05%, P < 0.0001). The simultaneous use of different diagnostic tools allowed us to identify a putative viral etiology in half the children examined and to provide an estimate of the epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viruses associated with ARTIs. Respiratory viruses were assessed in children from October 2012 to September 2015. Viruses were detected using antigen and molecular assays, and cell culture. Respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus were the most common viruses detected. Influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus detection showed seasonal variation. Respiratory virus detection was highest in children aged >6 months to ≤3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora De Conto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Conversano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Medici
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferraglia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Pinardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Chezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Wang Y, Dong T, Qi G, Qu L, Liang W, Qi B, Zhang Z, Shang L, Gao H, Du X, Lu B, Guo Y, Liu Z, Yu H, Cui Q, Wang X, Li Y, Guo W, Qu Z. Prevalence of Common Respiratory Viral Infections and Identification of Adenovirus in Hospitalized Adults in Harbin, China 2014 to 2017. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2919. [PMID: 30542337 PMCID: PMC6277751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Respiratory infections pose a great challenge in global health, and the prevalence of viral infection in adult patients has been poorly understood in northeast China. Harbin is one of the major cities in northeast China, and more than half of any given year in Harbin is occupied by winter. To reveal the viral etiology and seasonality in adult patients from Harbin, a 4-year consecutive survey was conducted in Harbin, China. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2017, specimens were obtained from adult patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University with lower respiratory tract infections. Sputum samples were examined by direct immunofluorescence assays to detect seven common respiratory viruses, including influenza virus (type A and B), parainfluenza virus (type 1 to 3), respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. Adenovirus positive samples were seeded onto A549 cells to isolate viral strains. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on the highly variable region of adenoviral hexon gene. Results: A total of 1,300 hospitalized adult patients with lower respiratory tract infections were enrolled, in which 189 patients (14.5%) were detected as having at least one viral infection. The co-infection rate in this study was 25.9% (49/189). The dominant viral pathogen from 2014 to 2017 was parainfluenza virus, with a detection rate of 7.2%, followed by influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. Based on the climate seasons determined by daily average temperature, the highest overall viral detection rate was detected in spring (22.0%, 52/236), followed by winter (13.4%, 109/813), autumn (11.4%, 13/114) and summer (10.9%, 15/137). Adenovirus type 3 strains with slight variations were isolated from positive cases, which were closely related to the GB strain from the United States, as well as the Harbin04B strain isolated locally. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that common respiratory viruses were partially responsible for hospitalized lower respiratory tract infections in adult patients from Harbin, China, with parainfluenza virus as the dominant viral pathogen. Climate seasons could be rational indicators for the seasonality analysis of airborne viral infections. Future surveillance on viral mutations would be necessary to reveal the evolutionary history of respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tuo Dong
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyun Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixin Qu
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Binbin Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiqiao Du
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Ear Nose Throat, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huisong Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiyuan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhangyi Qu
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Natural Focus Disease Control, Institute of Environment-Associated Disease, Sino-Russia Joint Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Etiology of Coinfections in Children with Influenza during 2015/16 Winter Season in Nepal. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:8945142. [PMID: 30510579 PMCID: PMC6230385 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8945142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the major public health problems in developing countries like Nepal. Besides the influenza, several other pathogens are responsible for acute respiratory infection in children. Etiology of infections is poorly characterized at the course of clinical management, and hence empirical antimicrobial agents are used. The objective of this study was to characterize the influenza and other respiratory pathogens by real-time PCR assay. A total of 175 throat swab specimens of influenza-positive cases collected at National Influenza Center, Nepal, during the 2015/16 winter season were selected for detecting other respiratory copathogens. Total nucleic acid was extracted using Pure Link viral RNA/DNA mini kit (Invitrogen), and multiplex RT-PCR assays were performed. Influenza A and B viruses were found in 120 (68.6%) and 55 (31.4%) specimens, respectively, among which coinfections were found in 106 (60.6%) specimens. Among the influenza A-positive cases, 25 (20.8%) were A/H1N1 pdm09 and 95 (79.2%) were A/H3 subtypes. Viruses coinfected frequently with influenza virus in children were rhinovirus (26; 14.8%), respiratory syncytial virus A/B (19; 10.8%), adenovirus (14; 8.0%), coronavirus (CoV)-HKU1 (14; 8.0%), CoV-OC43 (5; 2.9%), CoV-229E (2; 1.1%), metapneumovirus A/B (5; 2.9%), bocavirus (6; 3.4%), enterovirus (5; 2.9%), parainfluenza virus-1 (3; 1.7%), and parainfluenza virus-3 (2; 1.1%). Coinfection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with influenza virus was found in children (5; 2.8%). Most of the viral infection occurred in young children below 5 years of age. In addition to influenza virus, nine different respiratory pathogens were detected, of which coinfections of rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus A/B were predominantly found in children. This study gives us better information on the respiratory pathogen profile and coinfection combinations which are important for diagnosis and treatment of ARIs.
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Kurskaya O, Ryabichenko T, Leonova N, Shi W, Bi H, Sharshov K, Kazachkova E, Sobolev I, Prokopyeva E, Kartseva T, Alekseev A, Shestopalov A. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Novosibirsk City, Russia (2013 - 2017). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200117. [PMID: 30226876 PMCID: PMC6143185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause a considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide especially in children. However, there are few studies of the etiological structure of ARIs in Russia. In this work, we analyzed the etiology of ARIs in children (0–15 years old) admitted to Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital in 2013–2017. Methods We tested nasal and throat swabs of 1560 children with upper or lower respiratory infection for main respiratory viruses (influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza virus types 1–4, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, four human coronaviruses, rhinovirus, adenovirus and bocavirus) using a RT-PCR Kit. Results We detected 1128 (72.3%) samples were positive for at least one virus. The most frequently detected pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus (358/1560, 23.0%), influenza virus (344/1560, 22.1%), and rhinovirus (235/1560, 15.1%). Viral co-infections were found in 163 out of the 1128 (14.5%) positive samples. We detected significant decrease of the respiratory syncytial virus-infection incidence in children with increasing age, while the reverse relationship was observed for influenza viruses. Conclusions We evaluated the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with ARIs and showed the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus in the etiological structure of infections. This study is important for the improvement and optimization of diagnostic tactics, control and prevention of the respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kurskaya
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatyana Ryabichenko
- Department of Propaedeutic of Childhood Diseases, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya Leonova
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital №6, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hongtao Bi
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining, China
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eugenia Kazachkova
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Sobolev
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Prokopyeva
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kartseva
- Department of Propaedeutic of Childhood Diseases, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Alekseev
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Hassan DA, Rachid SK, Ziebuhr J. A Single-Center Study of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children From the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Glob Pediatr Health 2018; 5:2333794X18784996. [PMID: 30014009 PMCID: PMC6042015 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x18784996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections are among the most common causes of disease in humans, particularly in young children, and remain a major public health problem worldwide. For many geographic regions, there is limited epidemiological information on the main causative agents of these diseases. In this article, we investigated, in a prospective study, the viral agents leading to acute respiratory disease in children younger than 15 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of a major teaching hospital in Erbil City, capital of the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Nasopharyngeal samples obtained from 269 hospitalized children were analyzed for viral respiratory pathogens using the xTAG Respiratory Virus Panel Fast assay, and the data were correlated with the clinical and demographic information available for these patients. One or more respiratory virus(es) were detected in 203 out of 269 (75.5%) samples. The most frequent viruses were enterovirus/rhinovirus (n = 88; 32.7%), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 55; 20.4%), and human metapneumovirus (n = 36; 13.4%). In 42 samples (15.6%), coinfections with 2 or more respiratory viruses were detected, with enterovirus/rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus being identified as the most common agents in viral coinfections in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dlshad A Hassan
- Public Health Laboratory Management, Virology Unit, Hawler, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - John Ziebuhr
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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13
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Chehadeh W, Al-Adwani A, John SE, Al-Dhufairi S, Al-Dousari H, Alkhaledi M, Al-Nakib W. Adenovirus types associated with severe respiratory diseases: A retrospective 4-year study in Kuwait. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1033-1039. [PMID: 29446483 PMCID: PMC7167181 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection can result in a severe respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to identify HAdV types detected in patients hospitalized for severe respiratory illness. The study population consisted of 743 patients with severe respiratory disease admitted to four major hospitals in Kuwait between January 2013 and December 2016. Respiratory specimens were retrospectively screened for 20 respiratory viruses by real-time PCR. The HAdV hexon gene was amplified and directly sequenced, and HAdV types were identified by performing Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. HAdV DNA was detected in 27 (3.6%) patients, with peaks in November and March. Most patients were infants and young children suffering from pneumonia or acute bronchiolitis. The detected HAdV types were C1, C2, C5, B3, and B7. Clusters of HAdV C1, C2, and C5 were observed with high posterior probability. All patients infected with HAdV C5 and 50% of patients infected with HAdV C2 or B7 were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Co-infection with other viruses was detected in 44.4% of patients. The most common co-infecting virus was rhinovirus (HRV). HAdV/HRV co-infection was detected in two children who presumably developed disseminated HAdV infection and died. This is the first report describing the circulation of HAdV types associated with severe outcomes in Kuwait. These findings highlight the need for a national surveillance system to monitor changes in predominant HAdV types and increased numbers of severe respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Chehadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Anfal Al-Adwani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Sonia Elezebeth John
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Shaikhah Al-Dhufairi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Hessa Al-Dousari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Maha Alkhaledi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Widad Al-Nakib
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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14
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Liu P, Xu M, He L, Su L, Wang A, Fu P, Lu L, Wang C, Xu J. Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Shanghai, China, from 2013 to 2015. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 71:39-44. [PMID: 29279451 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the epidemiology of pathogens in children who were hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Children aged less than 18 years who were hospitalized with LRTIs were enrolled from January 2013 to December 2015. Respiratory specimens were collected for the detection of common respiratory viruses, atypical bacteria, and other bacteria using current laboratory diagnostic tests. The epidemiological characteristics of the respiratory pathogens were analyzed. Of the 10,123 specimens obtained from the patients, 5,966 (58.7%) were positive for at least 1 pathogen. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) was the most commonly detected pathogen (15.7%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (13.9%). Co-infections were found in 11.4% of patients. Of these co-infections, viral-bacterial co-infections were the most common. The detection rates for the respiratory pathogens varied considerably by age. RSV was the most common pathogen in children aged less than 24 months. Clear seasonal peaks were observed for RSV, M. pneumoniae, parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenza infections. Our findings demonstrate specific epidemiological patterns in children with LRTIs in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Leiyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Pan Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
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15
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Niang MN, Diop NS, Fall A, Kiori DE, Sarr FD, Sy S, Goudiaby D, Barry MA, Fall M, Dia N. Respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in Senegal: Focus on human respiratory adenoviruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174287. [PMID: 28328944 PMCID: PMC5362214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious pathogens that are associated with a wide spectrum of human illnesses involving the respiratory tract. In the present study, we investigate the epidemiologic and viral molecular features of HAdVs circulating in Senegal after 4 consecutive years of sentinel surveillance of influenza-like Illness cases. Methodology and results From January 2012 to December 2015 swabs were collected from consenting ILI outpatients. Adenoviral detection is performed by rRT-PCR with the Anyplex™ II RV16 Detection kit (Seegene) and molecular characterization was performed using a partial hexon gene sequence. 6381 samples were collected. More than half of patients (51.7%; 3297/6381) were children of ≤ 5 years. 1967 (30.8%) were positive for HAdV with 1561 (79.4%) found in co-infection with at least one another respiratory virus. The most common co-detections were with influenza viruses (53.1%; 1045/1967), rhinoviruses (30%; 591/1967), enteroviruses (18.5%; 364/1967) and RSV (13.5%; 266/1967). Children under 5 were the most infected group (62.2%; 1224/1967; p <0.05). We noted that HAdV was detected throughout the year at a high level with detection peaks of different amplitudes without any clear seasonality. Phylogenetic analysis revealed species HAdV-C in majority, species HAdV-B and one HAdV- 4 genome type. The 9 HAdV-B species like strains from Senegal grouped with genome types HAdV-7, HAdV-55 and HAdV-11 as shown by a phylogenetic branch with a high bootstrap value of (88%). Conclusion In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest strong year-round HAdV activity in Senegal, especially in children up to 5 years of age. Molecular studies revealed that the dominant species in circulation in patients with ILI appears to be HAdV-C and HAdV-B species. The circulation of though HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 genome types is of note as these serotypes are recognized causes of more severe and even fatal acute respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ndeye Sokhna Diop
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Amary Fall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Davy E. Kiori
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Sara Sy
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Déborah Goudiaby
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Aliou Barry
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Malick Fall
- Département de Biologie Animale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndongo Dia
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
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16
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Dut R, Kocagöz S. Clinical Signs and Diagnostic Tests in Acute Respiratory Infections. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:380-5. [PMID: 26687497 PMCID: PMC7090667 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-015-1943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate clinical manifestations of acute respiratory system infectious diseases and specific tests for causative agents in pediatric patients. METHODS The authors evaluated children aged 0-16 y with clinical symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections who were administered rapid strep A test and/or throat culture test and/or respiratory viral panel test, from February 2012 through January 2013 at pediatric department of Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Turkey. RESULTS A total of 1654 patients were evaluated; 45.9 % were girls, 54.1 % were boys. Absence of cough and presence of headache were higher in the patients >6 y of age (p 0.0001, p 0.002 respectively). Positive respiratory viral panel test was higher in the patients <2 y of age (p 0.002). Both positive rapid strep A test and positive throat culture test were higher in the patients >6 y of age (p 0.0001). Positivity of rapid strep A or throat culture test were not observed in children <2 y of age. CONCLUSIONS A clinician should mostly consider viral infections in the etiology of acute respiratory infections in children under 2 y of age and there is no need to rush for the use antibiotherapy. Bacterial etiology should be frequently considered after 6 y of age and rapid use of antibiotherapy is essential to avoid the complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Dut
- Department of Pediatrics, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, 063340, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sesin Kocagöz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Acıbadem, İstanbul, Turkey
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17
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Richter J, Panayiotou C, Tryfonos C, Koptides D, Koliou M, Kalogirou N, Georgiou E, Christodoulou C. Aetiology of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalised Children in Cyprus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147041. [PMID: 26761647 PMCID: PMC4720120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve clinical management and prevention of viral infections in hospitalised children improved etiological insight is needed. The aim of the present study was to assess the spectrum of respiratory viral pathogens in children admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract infections in Cyprus. For this purpose nasopharyngeal swab samples from 424 children less than 12 years of age with acute respiratory tract infections were collected over three epidemic seasons and were analysed for the presence of the most common 15 respiratory viruses. A viral pathogen was identified in 86% of the samples, with multiple infections being observed in almost 20% of the samples. The most frequently detected viruses were RSV (30.4%) and Rhinovirus (27.4%). RSV exhibited a clear seasonality with marked peaks in January/February, while rhinovirus infections did not exhibit a pronounced seasonality being detected almost throughout the year. While RSV and PIV3 incidence decreased significantly with age, the opposite was observed for influenza A and B as well as adenovirus infections. The data presented expand our understanding of the epidemiology of viral respiratory tract infections in Cypriot children and will be helpful to the clinicians and researchers interested in the treatment and control of viral respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Richter
- Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Virology, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
| | - Christakis Panayiotou
- Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Virology, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Tryfonos
- Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Virology, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dana Koptides
- Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Virology, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Koliou
- Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikolas Kalogirou
- Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Georgiou
- Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Christodoulou
- Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Virology, Nicosia, Cyprus
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18
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Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D. Nutrients 2015; 7:4240-70. [PMID: 26035247 PMCID: PMC4488782 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of ARI has demonstrated protective effects. Several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin D metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking. Scope: In this article, we review the literature reporting results of in vitro experiments investigating immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D metabolites in human respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory viruses. Key findings: Vitamin D metabolites do not consistently influence replication or clearance of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza A virus in human respiratory epithelial cell culture, although they do modulate expression and secretion of type 1 interferon, chemokines including CXCL8 and CXCL10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6. Future research: More studies are needed to clarify the effects of vitamin D metabolites on respiratory virus-induced expression of cell surface markers mediating viral entry and bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells.
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19
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Mixed viral infections circulating in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in kuwait. Adv Virol 2015; 2015:714062. [PMID: 25983755 PMCID: PMC4423027 DOI: 10.1155/2015/714062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of viral mixed detection in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections and to evaluate the correlation between viral mixed detection and clinical severity. Hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) were investigated for 15 respiratory viruses by using sensitive molecular techniques. In total, 850 hospitalized patients aged between 3 days and 80 years were screened from September 2010 to April 2014. Among the 351 (47.8%) patients diagnosed with viral infections, viral mixed detection was identified in 49 patients (14%), with human rhinovirus (HRV) being the most common virus associated with viral mixed detection (7.1%), followed by adenovirus (AdV) (4%) and human coronavirus-OC43 (HCoV-OC43) (3.7%). The highest combination of viral mixed detection was identified with HRV and AdV (2%), followed by HRV and HCoV-OC43 (1.4%). Pneumonia and bronchiolitis were the most frequent reason for hospitalization with viral mixed detection (9.1%). There were statistical significance differences between mixed and single detection in patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis (P = 0.002) and pneumonia (P = 0.019). Our findings might indicate a significant association between respiratory virus mixed detection and the possibility of developing more severe LRTI such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia when compared with single detection.
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20
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Diaz J, Morales-Romero J, Pérez-Gil G, Bedolla-Barajas M, Delgado-Figueroa N, García-Román R, López-López O, Bañuelos E, Rizada-Antel C, Zenteno-Cuevas R, Ramos-Ligonio Á, Sampieri CL, Orozco-Alatorre LG, Mora SI, Montero H. Viral coinfection in acute respiratory infection in Mexican children treated by the emergency service: A cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2015; 41:33. [PMID: 25903455 PMCID: PMC4405868 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-015-0133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause illness. Children under five years of age are highly vulnerable to these infections. Viral coinfection or multiple viral infection is a variable that can have a significant impact on the evolution of these diseases. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in Mexican children (under five years of age) who had an ARI and who were treated by an emergency service in a hospital in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The viral etiology, as well as the presence of multiple viral infections, was determined. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and clinical information. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated, and univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were performed. Results In the study population, metapneumovirus (hMPV) was the most frequent virus (22%), followed by adenovirus (hAD) (16%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (14%), rhinovirus (hRV) (12%), bocavirus (hBoV) (9%), influenza virus (IF) (7%), and parainfluenza (PIF) (4%). The frequency of viral coinfections was 31.62%, and multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hMPV, RSV, PIF, and hBoV were independently associated with multiple viral infection. No difference was found in the clinical manifestation of children with simple and multiple infections. Simple hMPV infection was associated with patients who presented with severe ARI. Using a multivariate analysis, we found that overcrowding is associated with coinfection when the viral etiology was hRV (OR = 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 6.13), IF (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.07 to 6.13), PIF (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.15 to 7.65), hAD (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.07 to 6.13), and hBoV (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.14 to 7.34). Conclusions Viral coinfections are frequent in children requiring treatment by an emergency service. However, the severity of ARI is similar to that of children with a simple infection. The hMPV is common and may confer a significant disease burden in the Mexican population. Finally, overcrowding is a housing characteristic that favors the development of coinfections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13052-015-0133-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahaziel Diaz
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Jaime Morales-Romero
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Gustavo Pérez-Gil
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. .,Centro de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Martín Bedolla-Barajas
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Col. La Perla, 44100, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Netzahualpilli Delgado-Figueroa
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Col. La Perla, 44100, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Rebeca García-Román
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Omar López-López
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. .,Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Lomas del Estadio s/n, Col. Zona Universitaria, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Evelyn Bañuelos
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. .,Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Lomas del Estadio s/n, Col. Zona Universitaria, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Cristal Rizada-Antel
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Roberto Zenteno-Cuevas
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Ángel Ramos-Ligonio
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación de Oriente 6, 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, México.
| | - Clara Luz Sampieri
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Luis Gustavo Orozco-Alatorre
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Col. La Perla, 44100, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Silvia I Mora
- Unidad de Procedimientos Preparativos y de acceso a servicios de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Distrito Federal, México.
| | - Hilda Montero
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Geberetsadik A, Worku A, Berhane Y. Factors associated with acute respiratory infection in children under the age of 5 years: evidence from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. PEDIATRIC HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2015; 6:9-13. [PMID: 29388598 PMCID: PMC5683277 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s77915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) remains the major cause of child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Various factors are associated with its occurrence and vary by context. However, available large-scale, population-based data are not fully exploited to identify locally relevant risk factors. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with ARI in children under the age of 5 years in Ethiopia. Methods Further analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey was carried out involving 11,645 children under the age of 5 years and their mothers. Information relevant to the current study was extracted from the main data set and a working data set was prepared. A complex survey logistic regression analysis was applied. Results Acute ARI in this study was associated with severe malnutrition. Children who were severely wasted were highly likely to develop ARI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.5). ARI was less likely to occur in children from families with an educated father and professional mother (AOR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.6 and AOR 0.1; 95% CI 0.01–0.6, respectively). Conclusion Malnourished children from a lower socioeconomic category are more likely to suffer from ARI. Targeting disadvantaged children for effective interventions can help reduce the burden of morbidity and death due to ARI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yemane Berhane
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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