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Smith AM, Grayson BE. A strike to the head: Parallels between the pediatric and adult human and the rodent in traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25364. [PMID: 38953607 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a condition that occurs commonly in children from infancy through adolescence and is a global health concern. Pediatric TBI presents with a bimodal age distribution, with very young children (0-4 years) and adolescents (15-19 years) more commonly injured. Because children's brains are still developing, there is increased vulnerability to the effects of head trauma, which results in entirely different patterns of injury than in adults. Pediatric TBI has a profound and lasting impact on a child's development and quality of life, resulting in long-lasting consequences to physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Chronic issues like learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and emotional disturbances can develop. Early intervention and ongoing support are critical for minimizing these long-term deficits. Many animal models of TBI exist, and each varies significantly, displaying different characteristics of clinical TBI. The neurodevelopment differs in the rodent from the human in timing and effect, so TBI outcomes in the juvenile rodent can thus vary from the human child. The current review compares findings from preclinical TBI work in juvenile and adult rodents to clinical TBI research in pediatric and adult humans. We focus on the four brain regions most affected by TBI: the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Each has its unique developmental projections and thus is impacted by TBI differently. This review aims to compare the healthy neurodevelopment of these four brain regions in humans to the developmental processes in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Gajawelli N, Paulli A, Deoni S, Paquette N, Darakjian D, Salazar C, Dean D, O'Muircheartaigh J, Nelson MD, Wang Y, Lepore N. Surface-based morphometry of the corpus callosum in young children of ages 1-5. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26693. [PMID: 38924235 PMCID: PMC11199824 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is a large white matter fiber bundle in the brain and is involved in various cognitive, sensory, and motor processes. While implicated in various developmental and psychiatric disorders, much is yet to be uncovered about the normal development of this structure, especially in young children. Additionally, while sexual dimorphism has been reported in prior literature, observations have not necessarily been consistent. In this study, we use morphometric measures including surface tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to investigate local changes in the shape of the CC in children between the ages of 12 and 60 months, in intervals of 12 months. We also analyze sex differences in each of these age groups. We observed larger significant clusters in the earlier ages between 12 v 24 m and between 48 v 60 m and localized differences in the anterior region of the body of the CC. Sex differences were most pronounced in the 12 m group. This study adds to the growing literature of work aiming to understand the developing brain and emphasizes the utility of surface TBM as a useful tool for analyzing regional differences in neuroanatomical morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Gajawelli
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Athelia Paulli
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of PediatricsWarren Alpert Medical School at Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Natacha Paquette
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologyCHU Sainte‐JustineMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Danielle Darakjian
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- College of MedicineCalifornia Northstate UniversityElk GroveCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carlos Salazar
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Douglas Dean
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and BehaviorUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Marvin D. Nelson
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Computer ScienceArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Natasha Lepore
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Rodríguez-Pérez LM, López-de-San-Sebastián J, de Diego I, Smith A, Roales-Buján R, Jiménez AJ, Paez-Gonzalez P. A selective defect in the glial wedge as part of the neuroepithelium disruption in hydrocephalus development in the mouse hyh model is associated with complete corpus callosum dysgenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1330412. [PMID: 38450283 PMCID: PMC10915275 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1330412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum is present in neurodevelopmental disorders and coexists with hydrocephalus in several human congenital syndromes. The mechanisms that underlie the etiology of congenital hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum when they coappear during neurodevelopment persist unclear. In this work, the mechanistic relationship between both disorders is investigated in the hyh mouse model for congenital hydrocephalus, which also develops agenesis of the corpus callosum. In this model, hydrocephalus is generated by a defective program in the development of neuroepithelium during its differentiation into radial glial cells. Methods In this work, the populations implicated in the development of the corpus callosum (callosal neurons, pioneering axons, glial wedge cells, subcallosal sling and indusium griseum glial cells) were studied in wild-type and hyh mutant mice. Immunohistochemistry, mRNA in situ hybridization, axonal tracing experiments, and organotypic cultures from normal and hyh mouse embryos were used. Results Our results show that the defective program in the neuroepithelium/radial glial cell development in the hyh mutant mouse selectively affects the glial wedge cells. The glial wedge cells are necessary to guide the pioneering axons as they approach the corticoseptal boundary. Our results show that the pioneering callosal axons arising from neurons in the cingulate cortex can extend projections to the interhemispheric midline in normal and hyh mice. However, pioneering axons in the hyh mutant mouse, when approaching the area corresponding to the damaged glial wedge cell population, turned toward the ipsilateral lateral ventricle. This defect occurred before the appearance of ventriculomegaly. Discussion In conclusion, the abnormal development of the ventricular zone, which appears to be inherent to the etiology of several forms of congenital hydrocephalus, can explain, in some cases, the common association between hydrocephalus and corpus callosum dysgenesis. These results imply that further studies may be needed to understand the corpus callosum dysgenesis etiology when it concurs with hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Isabel de Diego
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Aníbal Smith
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ruth Roales-Buján
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Paez-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
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Nikolenko VN, Rizaeva NA, Oganesyan MV, Vekhova KA, Alyautdinova NAF, Balan SI, Karashaeva TA, Bolotskaya AA. Brain commissures and related pathologies. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-73-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. N. Nikolenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - N. A. Rizaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - M. V. Oganesyan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - K. A. Vekhova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | - T. A. Karashaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
| | - A. A. Bolotskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
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Role of Demyelination in the Persistence of Neurological and Mental Impairments after COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911291. [PMID: 36232592 PMCID: PMC9569975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term neurological and mental complications of COVID-19, the so-called post-COVID syndrome or long COVID, affect the quality of life. The most persistent manifestations of long COVID include fatigue, anosmia/hyposmia, insomnia, depression/anxiety, and memory/attention deficits. The physiological basis of neurological and psychiatric disorders is still poorly understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of neurological sequelae in post-COVID patients and discusses brain demyelination as a possible mechanism of these complications with a focus on neuroimaging findings. Numerous reviews, experimental and theoretical studies consider brain demyelination as one of the mechanisms of the central neural system impairment. Several factors might cause demyelination, such as inflammation, direct effect of the virus on oligodendrocytes, and cerebrovascular disorders, inducing myelin damage. There is a contradiction between the solid fundamental basis underlying demyelination as the mechanism of the neurological injuries and relatively little published clinical evidence related to demyelination in COVID-19 patients. The reason for this probably lies in the fact that most clinical studies used conventional MRI techniques, which can detect only large, clearly visible demyelinating lesions. A very limited number of studies use specific methods for myelin quantification detected changes in the white matter tracts 3 and 10 months after the acute phase of COVID-19. Future research applying quantitative MRI assessment of myelin in combination with neurological and psychological studies will help in understanding the mechanisms of post-COVID complications associated with demyelination.
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Khasawneh RR, Abu-El-Rub E, Alzu’bi A, Abdelhady GT, Al-Soudi HS. Corpus callosum anatomical changes in Alzheimer patients and the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on corpus callosum morphometry. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269082. [PMID: 35895623 PMCID: PMC9328497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Corpus Callosum (CC) is an important structure that includes the majority of fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres. Several neurodegenerative diseases may alter CC size and morphology leading to its atrophy and malfunction which may play a role in the pathological manifestations found in these diseases. The purpose of the current study is to determine any possible changes in CC size in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. The Study also investigated the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) on the size of CC and its association with improvement in the Alzheimer disease severity scores. Midsagittal size of CC were recorded prospectively from 439 routine T1-weighted MRI brain images in normal individuals. The internal skull surface was measured to calculate CC/ internal skull surface ratio. Two groups of patients were studied: 300 (150 male / 150 female) were healthy subjects and 130 (55 males / 75 females) had Alzheimer disease. Out of the 130 Alzheimer disease pateints, 70 patients were treated with Donepezil or Rivastigmine or both. The size of the CC was measured based on T1-weighted MRI images after the treatment to investigate any possible improvement in CC size. The mean surface area of CC in controls was 6.53±1.105 cm2. There was no significant difference between males and females (P < 0.627), and CC/ internal skull surface ratio was 4.41±0.77%. Patients with mild or severe Alzheimer disease showed a significant reduction in CC size compared to healthy controls. Treating mild Alzheimer patients with either Donepezil or Rivastigmine exerts a comparable therapeutic effect in improving the CC size. There was more improvement in the size of CC in patients with severe Alzheimer disease by using combined therapy of Donepezil and Rivastigmine than using single a medication. we measured the mean size of the various portions of the corpus callosum in normal individuals and Alzheimer patients before and after taking Donepezil and Rivastigmine. Alzheimer patients have pronounced reduction in CC which is corrected after taking Donepezil and Rivastigmine leading to remarkable improvement in Alzheimer disease severity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramada R. Khasawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayman Alzu’bi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Gamal T. Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hana S. Al-Soudi
- Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
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Leibovitz Z, Lerman-Sagie T, Haddad L. Fetal Brain Development: Regulating Processes and Related Malformations. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060809. [PMID: 35743840 PMCID: PMC9224903 DOI: 10.3390/life12060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the contemporary state of knowledge regarding processes that regulate normal development of the embryonic–fetal central nervous system (CNS). The processes are described according to the developmental timetable: dorsal induction, ventral induction, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, post-migration neuronal development, and cortical organization. We review the current literature on CNS malformations associated with these regulating processes. We specifically address neural tube defects, holoprosencephaly, malformations of cortical development (including microcephaly, megalencephaly, lissencephaly, cobblestone malformations, gray matter heterotopia, and polymicrogyria), disorders of the corpus callosum, and posterior fossa malformations. Fetal ventriculomegaly, which frequently accompanies these disorders, is also reviewed. Each malformation is described with reference to the etiology, genetic causes, prenatal sonographic imaging, associated anomalies, differential diagnosis, complimentary diagnostic studies, clinical interventions, neurodevelopmental outcome, and life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Leibovitz
- Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Neurology Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 5822012, Israel;
- Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa 31048, Israel;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Neurology Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 5822012, Israel;
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 5822012, Israel
| | - Leila Haddad
- Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa 31048, Israel;
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Brodovskaya A, Batabyal T, Shiono S, Sun H, Kapur J. Distinct roles of rodent thalamus and corpus callosum in seizure generalization. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:682-696. [PMID: 35226367 PMCID: PMC9315027 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Bilateral synchronous cortical activity occurs during sleep, attention, and seizures. Canonical models place the thalamus at the center of bilateral cortical synchronization because it generates bilateral sleep spindle oscillations and primarily generalized absence seizures. However, classical studies suggest that the corpus callosum mediates bilateral cortical synchronization. Methods We mapped the spread of right frontal lobe‐onset, focal to bilateral seizures in mice and modified it using chemo and optogenetic suppression of motor thalamic nucleus and corpus callosotomy. Results Seizures from the right cortex spread faster to the left cortex than to the left thalamus. The 2 thalami have minimal monosynaptic commissural connections compared to the massive commissure corpus callosum. Chemogenetic and closed‐loop optogenetic inhibition of the right ventrolateral thalamic nucleus did not alter inter‐hemispheric seizure spread. However, anterior callosotomy delayed bilateral seizure oscillations. Interpretation Thalamocortical oscillations amplify focal onset motor seizures, and corpus callosum spreads them bilaterally. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:682–696
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Brodovskaya
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Tamal Batabyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Shinnosuke Shiono
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Huayu Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA.,UVA Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
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Sacks DD, Lagopoulos J, Hatton SN, Iorfino F, Carpenter JS, Crouse JJ, Naismith SL, Scott EM, Hickie IB, Hermens DF. White Matter Integrity According to the Stage of Mental Disorder in Youth. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111218. [PMID: 33162289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated differences in white matter (WM) integrity between 96 young people with affective and/or psychotic symptoms classified at an early stage of mental disorder (i.e. 'attenuated syndrome'; stage 1b), 85 young people classified at a more advanced stage of mental disorder (i.e. 'discrete disorder'; stage 2), and 81 demographically matched healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging. The relationship between WM integrity (indexed by fractional anisotropy; FA) across the tracts and neuropsychological functioning was also investigated. A significant reduction in FA was identified in those with more advanced disorder in the body of the corpus callosum. Clinical stage groups were associated with significant neuropsychological impairment, which was significantly greater in those with discrete disorders. Compared to those in the earlier stage of disorder, participants at the later clinical stage showed decreased FA in the body of the corpus callosum that was associated with worse performance in attentional set formation maintenance, shifting and flexibility. These results provide further support for clinical staging of mental disorder and highlight the potential for utilising neuroanatomical biomarkers to support the classification of stages of mental disorder in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashiell D Sacks
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Frank Iorfino
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jacob J Crouse
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
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De León Reyes NS, Bragg-Gonzalo L, Nieto M. Development and plasticity of the corpus callosum. Development 2020; 147:147/18/dev189738. [PMID: 32988974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) connects the cerebral hemispheres and is the major mammalian commissural tract. It facilitates bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions, and is often affected in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms that contribute to the development of CC circuits in animal models and humans. These species comparisons reveal several commonalities. First, there is an early period of massive axonal projection. Second, there is a postnatal temporal window, varying between species, in which early callosal projections are selectively refined. Third, sensory-derived activity influences axonal refinement. We also discuss how defects in CC formation can lead to mild or severe CC congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia S De León Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Bragg-Gonzalo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Nieto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Lavrador JP, Ferreira V, Lourenço M, Alexandre I, Rocha M, Oliveira E, Kailaya-Vasan A, Neto L. White-matter commissures: a clinically focused anatomical review. Surg Radiol Anat 2019; 41:613-624. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Krishnan V, Lim TC, Ho FCH, Peh WC. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (175). Corpus callosum glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): butterfly glioma. Singapore Med J 2017; 58:121-125. [PMID: 28361164 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2017017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 54-year-old man presented with change in behaviour, nocturnal enuresis, abnormal limb movement and headache of one week's duration. The diagnosis of butterfly glioma (glioblastoma multiforme) was made based on imaging characteristics and was further confirmed by biopsy findings. As the corpus callosum is usually resistant to infiltration by tumours, a mass that involves and crosses the corpus callosum is suggestive of an aggressive neoplasm. Other neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions that may involve the corpus callosum and mimic a butterfly glioma, as well as associated imaging features, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishnan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze Chwan Lim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Francis Cho Hao Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wilfred Cg Peh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
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Kontzialis M, Soares BP, Huisman TA. Lesions in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum on MRI in Children: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2017; 27:549-561. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Kontzialis
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago IL
| | - Bruno P. Soares
- Pediatric Radiology, Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD
| | - Thierry A.G.M. Huisman
- Pediatric Radiology, Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD
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Son AI, Fu X, Suto F, Liu JS, Hashimoto-Torii K, Torii M. Proteome dynamics during postnatal mouse corpus callosum development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45359. [PMID: 28349996 PMCID: PMC5368975 DOI: 10.1038/srep45359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of cortical connections requires the precise coordination of numerous discrete phases. This is particularly significant with regard to the corpus callosum, whose development undergoes several dynamic stages including the crossing of axon projections, elimination of exuberant projections, and myelination of established tracts. To comprehensively characterize the molecular events in this dynamic process, we set to determine the distinct temporal expression of proteins regulating the formation of the corpus callosum and their respective developmental functions. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling was performed on early postnatal mouse corpus callosi, for which limited evidence has been obtained previously, using stable isotope of labeled amino acids in mammals (SILAM). The analyzed corpus callosi had distinct proteomic profiles depending on age, indicating rapid progression of specific molecular events during this period. The proteomic profiles were then segregated into five separate clusters, each with distinct trajectories relevant to their intended developmental functions. Our analysis both confirms many previously-identified proteins in aspects of corpus callosum development, and identifies new candidates in understudied areas of development including callosal axon refinement. We present a valuable resource for identifying new proteins integral to corpus callosum development that will provide new insights into the development and diseases afflicting this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Son
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Fumikazu Suto
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Judy S Liu
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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15
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Schupper A, Konen O, Halevy A, Cohen R, Aharoni S, Shuper A. Thick Corpus Callosum in Children. J Clin Neurol 2017; 13:170-174. [PMID: 28406584 PMCID: PMC5392459 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2017.13.2.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A thick corpus callosum (TCC) can be associated with a very grave outcome in fetuses, but its clinical presentation in older children seems to be markedly different. METHODS The corpus callosum (CC) was defined as thick based on observations and impressions. We reviewed cases of children who were diagnosed as TCC based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. The pertinent clinical data of these children were collected, and their CCs were measured. RESULTS Out of 2,552 brain MRI images, those of 37 children were initially considered as showing a TCC. Those initial imaging were reviewed by an experienced neuroradiologist, who confirmed the diagnosis in 34 children (1.3%): 13 had neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1), 9 had epilepsy, 3 had macrocephaly capillary malformation (MCM) syndrome, 3 had autistic spectrum disorder, 1 had a Chiari-1 malformation, and 1 had increased head circumference. No specific neurologic disorder could be defined in seven children. The measured thickness of the CC in these children was comparable to those published in the literature for adults. CONCLUSIONS A TCC is a rare brain malformation that can be found in neuropathologies with apparently diverse pathognomonic mechanisms, such as NF-1 and MCM. It is not necessarily associated with life-threatening conditions, instead being a relatively benign finding, different in nature from that reported in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Schupper
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Konen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Radiology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ayelet Halevy
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rony Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Aharoni
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avinoam Shuper
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Lao Y, Nguyen B, Tsao S, Gajawelli N, Law M, Chui H, Weiner M, Wang Y, Leporé N. A T1 and DTI fused 3D corpus callosum analysis in MCI subjects with high and low cardiovascular risk profile. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 14:298-307. [PMID: 28210541 PMCID: PMC5299209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the extent to which vascular disease and its risk factors are associated with prodromal dementia, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD), may enhance predictive accuracy as well as guide early interventions. One promising avenue to determine this relationship consists of looking for reliable and sensitive in-vivo imaging methods capable of characterizing the subtle brain alterations before the clinical manifestations. However, little is known from the imaging perspective about how risk factors such as vascular disease influence AD progression. Here, for the first time, we apply an innovative T1 and DTI fusion analysis of 3D corpus callosum (CC) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) populations with different levels of vascular profile, aiming to de-couple the vascular factor in the prodromal AD stage. Our new fusion method successfully increases the detection power for differentiating MCI subjects with high from low vascular risk profiles, as well as from healthy controls. MCI subjects with high and low vascular risk profiles showed differed alteration patterns in the anterior CC, which may help to elucidate the inter-wired relationship between MCI and vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Binh Nguyen
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sinchai Tsao
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
| | - Niharika Gajawelli
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Helena Chui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
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17
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Filippi CG, Cauley KA. Lesions of the Corpus Callosum and Other Commissural Fibers: Diffusion Tensor Studies. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2014; 35:445-58. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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