1
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Meher MK, Naidu G, Mishra A, Poluri KM. A review on multifaceted biomedical applications of heparin nanocomposites: Progress and prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129379. [PMID: 38242410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in polymer-based nanocomposites have revolutionized biomedical applications over the last two decades. Heparin (HP), being a highly bioactive polymer of biological origin, provides strong biotic competence to the nanocomposites, broadening the horizon of their applicability. The efficiency, biocompatibility, and biodegradability properties of nanomaterials significantly improve upon the incorporation of heparin. Further, inclusion of structural/chemical derivatives, fractionates, and mimetics of heparin enable fabrication of versatile nanocomposites. Modern nanotechnological interventions have exploited the inherent biofunctionalities of heparin by formulating various nanomaterials, including inorganic/polymeric nanoparticles, nanofibers, quantum dots, micelles, liposomes, and nanogels ensuing novel functionalities targeting diverse clinical applications involving drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, biocompatible coatings, nanosensors and so on. On this note, the present review explicitly summarises the recent HP-oriented nanotechnological developments, with a special emphasis on the reported successful engagement of HP and its derivatives/mimetics in nanocomposites for extensive applications in the laboratory and health-care facility. Further, the advantages and limitations/challenges specifically associated with HP in nanocomposites, undertaken in this current review are quintessential for future innovations/discoveries pertaining to HP-based nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Meher
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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2
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Tabacchi G, Armenia I, Bernardini G, Masciocchi N, Guagliardi A, Fois E. Energy Transfer from Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Implications for Magnetic Hyperthermia. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:12914-12921. [PMID: 37533540 PMCID: PMC10391739 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained momentum in the field of biomedical applications. They can be remotely heated via alternating magnetic fields, and such heat can be transferred from the IONPs to the local environment. However, the microscopic mechanism of heat transfer is still debated. By X-ray total scattering experiments and first-principles simulations, we show how such heat transfer can occur. After establishing structural and microstructural properties of the maghemite phase of the IONPs, we built a maghemite model functionalized with aminoalkoxysilane, a molecule used to anchor (bio)molecules to oxide surfaces. By a linear response theory approach, we reveal that a resonance mechanism is responsible for the heat transfer from the IONPs to the surroundings. Heat transfer occurs not only via covalent linkages with the IONP but also through the solvent hydrogen-bond network. This result may pave the way to exploit the directional control of the heat flow from the IONPs to the anchored molecules-i.e., antibiotics, therapeutics, and enzymes-for their activation or release in a broader range of medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tabacchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia (DSAT), University
of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia (DSAT), University
of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia − To.Sca.Lab and INSTM, CNR, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Ettore Fois
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia (DSAT), University
of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
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3
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Purohit MP, Kar AK, Kumari M, Ghosh D, Patnaik S. Heparin Biofunctionalized Selenium Nanoparticles as Potential Antiangiogenic-Chemotherapeutic Agents for Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19904-19920. [PMID: 37046174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Combining antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic agents has shown promising clinical benefits in cancer cures when the therapeutic intervention takes into account the tissue and molecular targets. Moreover, the risk of induced drug resistance is minimized when multiple pathways are involved in the treatment regimen, yielding a better therapeutic outcome. Nanodrug delivery systems have proven to be a prudent approach to treating complex disease pathologies. As such, combining antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic drugs within multimodal nanocarriers synergistically augments the clinical efficiency of the drugs. This study reports the combinatorial efficacy of heparin (Hep), selenium NPs (SeNPs), and doxorubicin (Dox) to inhibit tumor growth and progression. Both Se@Hep-NPs and Se@Hep-Dox-NPs with excellent water dispersity having a size and charge in the range of 250 ± 5 and 253 ± 5 nm and -53 ± 0.4 and -48.4 ± 6.4 mV, respectively, showed strong anticancer potential assessed through in vitro assays like cell viability, specificity, colony formation, and wound scratch in MCF7 cells. Strong synergistic interactions among SeNPs, Hep, and Dox in Se@Hep-Dox-NPs render it to be an antiangiogenic and proapoptotic cancer cell death inducers. In vivo imaging highlights the dual-mode attributes of Se@Hep-NPs with desirable passive tumor targeting and biomedical imaging ability when tagged with Cy7.5, while Se@Hep-Dox-NPs significantly reduce the tumor burden and prolong the longevity of subcutaneous EAC-bearing mice. Histopathology studies reveal no signs of toxicity in major organs. Collectively, these results qualify Se@Hep-Dox-NPs as a plausible clinical therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaveer P Purohit
- Water Analysis Laboratory, System Toxicology, and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Aditya K Kar
- Water Analysis Laboratory, System Toxicology, and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Manisha Kumari
- Nucleic Acid Research Lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Debabrata Ghosh
- Immunotoxicology laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Luck now, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Satyakam Patnaik
- Water Analysis Laboratory, System Toxicology, and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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Massironi N, Colombo M, Cosentino C, Fiandra L, Mauri M, Kayal Y, Testa F, Torri G, Urso E, Vismara E, Vlodavsky I. Heparin-Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207116. [PMID: 36296711 PMCID: PMC9611043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were engineered with an organic coating composed of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), providing heparin-based nanoparticle systems (LMWH@SPIONs). The purpose was to merge the properties of the heparin skeleton and an inorganic core to build up a targeted theranostic nanosystem, which was eventually enhanced by loading a chemotherapeutic agent. Iron oxide cores were prepared via the co-precipitation of iron salts in an alkaline environment and oleic acid (OA) capping. Dopamine (DA) was covalently linked to BSA and LMWH by amide linkages via carbodiimide coupling. The following ligand exchange reaction between the DA-BSA/DA-LMWH and OA was conducted in a biphasic system composed of water and hexane, affording LMWH@SPIONs stabilized in water by polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Their size and morphology were investigated via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The LMWH@SPIONs’ cytotoxicity was tested, showing marginal or no toxicity for samples prepared with PSS at concentrations of 50 µg/mL. Their inhibitory activity on the heparanase enzyme was measured, showing an effective inhibition at concentrations comparable to G4000 (N-desulfo-N-acetyl heparin, a non-anticoagulant and antiheparanase heparin derivative; Roneparstat). The LMWH@SPION encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) enhanced the antitumor effect of this chemotherapeutic on breast cancer cells, likely due to an improved internalization of the nanoformulated drug with respect to the free molecule. Lastly, time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) experiments were conducted on LMWH@SPIONs obtaining relaxivity values within the same order of magnitude as currently used commercial contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Massironi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Cosentino
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Fiandra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mauri
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Yasmina Kayal
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 2611001, Israel
| | - Filippo Testa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Torri
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (E.V.); Tel.: +39-02-7064-1624 (G.T.); +39-02-2399-3088 (E.V.)
| | - Elena Urso
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vismara
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (E.V.); Tel.: +39-02-7064-1624 (G.T.); +39-02-2399-3088 (E.V.)
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 2611001, Israel
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5
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Cacciamali A, Pascucci L, Villa R, Dotti S. Engineered nanoparticles toxicity on adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells: A preliminary investigation. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:134-149. [PMID: 35969916 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnologies have recently gained importance in several fields, such as industry and medicine. A big issue of the increasing application of nanomaterials is the poor literature regarding their potential toxicity in humans and animals. Recently, adult stem cells have been proposed as putative targets of nanoparticles (NPs). This study aims to investigate the effects of zerovalent-metallic NPs on isolated and amplified equine Adipose tissue derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (eAdMSCs). Cells were treated with Cobalt (Co-), Iron (Fe-), and Nickel (Ni-) nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations and were characterized for the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of exposure. Treatment with NPs resulted in reduced cell viability and proliferative capability in comparison with untreated cells. However, this did not influence eAdMSCs potency, as treated cells were able to differentiate towards the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Ni- and Fe-NPs showed cytoplasmic localization, while Co-NPs entered the nucleus and mitochondria, suggesting a potential genotoxic activity. Regarding p53 expression, it was enhanced in the first 48 h after treatments, with a drastic reduction of expression within 72 h. Higher p53 expression was reported in the case of Co-NP treatment, suggesting the tumorigenic potential of these NPs. Telomerase activity was enhanced by Fe- and Ni-NP treatments in a concentration- and time-dependent way. This was not true for Co-NP treated samples, suggesting a reduced replicative capacity of eAdMSCs upon Co-NP exposure. The present study is a preliminary investigation of the influence exerted by NPs on eAdMSC physiological activity in terms of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The present results revealed eAdMSC physiology to be strongly influenced by NPs in a dose-, time- and NP-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cacciamali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Villa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Dotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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Maluin FN, Katas H. Chitosan functionalization of metal- and carbon-based nanomaterials as an approach toward sustainability tomorrow. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:425-449. [PMID: 35867661 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The growing number of nanomaterials-based-products ranging from agriculture to cosmetics to medical, and so on, increases the amount of exposure, compelling researchers to include safety and health protocols in each developed nano-product to ensure consumer safety. As a result, emphasizing the importance of novel nanomaterials' toxicological and safety profiles, as well as their product quality enhancement, is critical. As a result, research efforts must be directed toward developing new nanomaterials in a safer-by-design manner. Chitosan functionalization is an excellent option for this because it is already known for its nontoxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. In this review, we hope to uncover the toxicological consequences of nanomaterials and the potential role of chitosan functionalization in mitigating them. This is an effort to create an environmentally friendly and safe nano-product, ensuring tomorrow's sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhatun Najat Maluin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Fakhardo A, Anastasova E, Makarov V, Ikonnikova EV, Kulko E, Nicole A, Yakunina M, Shkodenko L, Tsvetikova SA, Toropko M, Koshel EI, Zakharov M, Alexandrov G, Khuttunen O, Kulikov P, Burmistrov O, Vinogradov VV, Prilepskii AY. Heparin-coated iron oxide nanoparticles: application as liver contrast agent, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7797-7807. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00759b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The newly prepared heparin-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Hep-IONPs) contrasted cholangioma tumors in the liver in T2 MRI. NPs were not toxic to rats and rabbits after 14 days of consecutive...
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8
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Berini F, Orlandi VT, Gamberoni F, Martegani E, Armenia I, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Marinelli F. Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoconjugated Glycopeptide Antibiotics and Their Effect on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:657431. [PMID: 34925248 PMCID: PMC8674785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.657431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antimicrobial resistance, the use of nanoconjugated antibiotics is regarded as a promising approach for preventing and fighting infections caused by resistant bacteria, including those exacerbated by the formation of difficult-to-treat bacterial biofilms. Thanks to their biocompatibility and magnetic properties, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are particularly attractive as antibiotic carriers for the targeting therapy. IONPs can direct conjugated antibiotics to infection sites by the use of an external magnet, facilitating tissue penetration and disturbing biofilm formation. As a consequence of antibiotic localization, a decrease in its administration dosage might be possible, reducing the side effects to non-targeted organs and the risk of antibiotic resistance spread in the commensal microbiota. Here, we prepared nanoformulations of the 'last-resort' glycopeptides teicoplanin and vancomycin by conjugating them to IONPs via surface functionalization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). These superparamagnetic NP-TEICO and NP-VANCO were chemically stable and NP-TEICO (better than NP-VANCO) conserved the typical spectrum of antimicrobial activity of glycopeptide antibiotics, being effective against a panel of staphylococci and enterococci, including clinical isolates and resistant strains. By a combination of different methodological approaches, we proved that NP-TEICO and, although to a lesser extent, NP-VANCO were effective in reducing biofilm formation by three methicillin-sensitive or resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Moreover, when attracted and concentrated by the action of an external magnet, NP-TEICO exerted a localized inhibitory effect on S. aureus biofilm formation at low antibiotic concentration. Finally, we proved that the conjugation of glycopeptide antibiotics to IONPs reduced their intrinsic cytotoxicity toward a human cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Federica Gamberoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eleonora Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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9
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Effect of Nanostructured Scaffold on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Outcome of In Vitro Experiments. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091822. [PMID: 32932658 PMCID: PMC7558271 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work is addressed to provide, by in vitro experiments, results on the repercussion that a nanostructured scaffold could have on viability, differentiation and secretion of bioactive factors of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) when used in association to promote angiogenesis, a crucial condition to favour tissue regeneration. To achieve this aim, we evaluated cell viability and morphology by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and microscopy analysis, respectively. We also investigated the expression of some of those genes involved in angiogenesis and differentiation processes utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whereas the amounts of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Interleukin 6 and Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 secreted in the culture medium, were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results suggested that, in the presence of the scaffold, cell proliferation and the exocytosis of factors involved in the angiogenesis process are reduced; by contrast, the expression of those genes involved in hASC differentiation appeared enhanced. To guarantee cell survival, the construct dimensions are, generally, smaller than clinically required. Furthermore, being the paracrine event the primary mechanism exerting the beneficial effects on injured tissues, the use of conditioned culture medium instead of cells may be convenient.
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10
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Borgese M, Rossi F, Bonfanti P, Colombo A, Mantecca P, Valdatta L, Bernardini G, Gornati R. Recovery ability of human adipose stem cells exposed to cobalt nanoparticles: outcome of dissolution. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:453-465. [PMID: 32031036 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To demonstrate that cobalt nanoparticles doses are safe for use in humans and to understand the consequences of the particulate effects, which may persist inside the cells. Materials & methods: Human adipose stem cells were used. We evaluated cell recovery by viability test, morphology and ultrastructure using electronic and optical microscopy, while gene expression was assessed utilizing real-time PCR. Results: After exposure, most stem cells recovered their normal function. Co3O4-nanoparticles remained inside the cell for the entirety of the considered time. A slight modification of gene expression was observed in the exposed cells. Conclusion: After exposure to 100 M cobalt nanoparticles, most cells returned to normal function. Nanoparticle toxicity was due to ions released by dissolution as well as from the nanoparticles themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Borgese
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, V. J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, V. J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Anita Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Valdatta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, V. J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, V. J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, V. J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
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11
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Chaetomium, Unique Multifunctional Bullets: What Do We Need for Real Applications in Agriculture? Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Gornati R, Maisano M, Pirrone C, Cappello T, Rossi F, Borgese M, Giannetto A, Cappello S, Mancini G, Bernardini G, Fasulo S. Mesocosm System to Evaluate BF-MBR Efficacy in Mitigating Oily Wastewater Discharges: an Integrated Study on Mytilus galloprovincialis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:773-790. [PMID: 31655935 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the results of recovery efficacy of the system "BioFilm Membrane BioReactor" (BF-MBR), in the treatment of oily contaminated seawaters. To this aim, we proposed a multidisciplinary approach that integrates traditional chemical-physical measures together with the assessment on biological sentinel Mytilus galloprovincialis, maintained in a medium-scale artificial system named mesocosm. The setup included: (1) a mesocosm consisting of uncontaminated seawater; (2) a mesocosm composed of an untreated oily wastewater discharge; and (3) a mesocosm receiving the same oily wastewater previously treated by a BF-MBR pilot scale plant. The multidisciplinary approach that included traditional chemical measures on mesocosms together with the evaluation of morphological organization, mRNA expression of those genes involved in cellular stress response, immunohistochemistry and metabolomic analysis on mussel tissues, was able to provide a robust and holistic evidence of how the proposed treatment is able to reduce the overall impact of oily wastewater discharges on the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Ferdinando d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pirrone
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Ferdinando d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Borgese
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Ferdinando d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Center, Via San Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Electric, Electronics and Computer Engineering Department, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Ferdinando d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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13
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Prilepskii AY, Fakhardo AF, Drozdov AS, Vinogradov VV, Dudanov IP, Shtil AA, Bel'tyukov PP, Shibeko AM, Koltsova EM, Nechipurenko DY, Vinogradov VV. Urokinase-Conjugated Magnetite Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery System for Targeted Thrombolysis: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36764-36775. [PMID: 30299938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mortality and disabilities as outcomes of cardiovascular diseases are primarily related to blood clotting. Optimization of thrombolytic drugs is aimed at the prevention of side effects (in particular, bleeding) associated with a disbalance between coagulation and anticoagulation caused by systemically administered agents. Minimally invasive and efficient approaches to deliver the thrombolytic agent to the site of clot formation are needed. Herein, we report a novel nanocomposite prepared by heparin-mediated cross-linking of urokinase with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs@uPA). We showed that heparin within the composition evoked no inhibitory effects on urokinase activity. Importantly, the magneto-control further increased the thrombolytic efficacy of the composition. Using our nanocomposition, we demonstrated efficient lysis of experimental clots in vitro and in animal vessels followed by complete restoration of blood flow. No sustained toxicity or hemorrhagic complications were registered in rats and rabbits after single bolus i.v. injection of therapeutic doses of MNPs@uPA. We conclude that MNPs@uPA is a prototype of easy-to-prepare, inexpensive, biocompatible, and noninvasive thrombolytic nanomedicines potentially useful in the treatment of blood clotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Y Prilepskii
- SCAMT Laboratory , ITMO University , Saint Petersburg , 191002 , Russian Federation
| | - Anna F Fakhardo
- SCAMT Laboratory , ITMO University , Saint Petersburg , 191002 , Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S Drozdov
- SCAMT Laboratory , ITMO University , Saint Petersburg , 191002 , Russian Federation
| | - Vasiliy V Vinogradov
- SCAMT Laboratory , ITMO University , Saint Petersburg , 191002 , Russian Federation
| | - Ivan P Dudanov
- SCAMT Laboratory , ITMO University , Saint Petersburg , 191002 , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Shtil
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology , Moscow , 115478 , Russian Federation
| | - Petr P Bel'tyukov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology , Saint Petersburg , 192019 , Russian Federation
| | - Alexey M Shibeko
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119334 , Russian Federation
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology , Moscow , 117198 , Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina M Koltsova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119334 , Russian Federation
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology , Moscow , 117198 , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Y Nechipurenko
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119334 , Russian Federation
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology , Moscow , 117198 , Russian Federation
- Department of Physics , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , 119234 , Russian Federation
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14
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Pirrone C, Rossi F, Cappello S, Borgese M, Mancini G, Bernardini G, Gornati R. Evaluation of biomarkers in Mytilus galloprovincialis as an integrated measure of biofilm-membrane bioreactor (BF-MBR) system efficiency in mitigating the impact of oily wastewater discharge to marine environment: a microcosm approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 198:49-62. [PMID: 29501937 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The large volumes of oily wastewater discharged to marine environment cause heavy impacts on the coastal marine ecosystem. The selection of an appropriate technology to reduce these impacts should be based on the respect of the discharge limits and on the effective assessment and monitoring of its effects on biological organism preservation. To this aim, we set up a controlled microcosm-scale system to compare the effects of a treated and untreated oily wastewater discharge in which the restore process is performed through a Membrane Bio-Reactor. The system is completed by other three microcosms to control and isolate any possible concurrent effect on the Mytilus galloprovincialis, used as sentinel organism. Mytilus galloprovincialis have been kept in all these microcosms, and then mRNA expression and morphology were evaluated on gills and digestive gland. The genes considered in this work are Heat Shock Protein 70 and Metallothionein 10, involved in response to physicochemical sublethal stressors, Superoxide dismutase 1, Catalase, and Cytochrome P450 involved in oxidative stress response. Our results evidenced a significant overexpression, both in gills and digestive gland, of HSP70 in samples maintained in the microcosm receiving the untreated effluent, and of MT10 in those animals kept in microcosm where the effluent was treated. Even though the mRNA modifications are considered "primary" and transient responses which do not always correspond to protein content, the study of these modifications can help to gain insights into the mechanisms of action of xenobiotic exposure. Morphological analysis suggested that, although different, depending on the microcosm, the most serious damages were found in the gill epithelium accompanied with severe haemocyte infiltration, whilst in digestive gland the tissue architecture alterations and the haemocyte infiltration were less pronounced. These observations suggest that the immune system was activated as a general response to stressful stimuli such as the presence of toxic compounds. Moreover, the results indicate that the treatment process is useful. In fact, samples derived from the microcosm receiving the treated effluent, even though presenting some signs of stress, seemed to partially recover the normal structure, although their mRNA expression indicated some cellular suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pirrone
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Center, Via San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Marina Borgese
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Electric, Electronics and Computer Engineering Department, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy; "The Protein Factory" Research Center, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy; "The Protein Factory" Research Center, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
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15
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The Effect of the Temperature–Time Mode of Crystallization on the Morphology and Thermal Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Polypropylene and Magnetite (Fe3O4). J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Das RK, Pachapur VL, Lonappan L, Naghdi M, Pulicharla R, Maiti S, Cledon M, Dalila LMA, Sarma SJ, Brar SK. Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: plants, animals and microbial aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41204-017-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Groult H, Poupard N, Herranz F, Conforto E, Bridiau N, Sannier F, Bordenave S, Piot JM, Ruiz-Cabello J, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Maugard T. Family of Bioactive Heparin-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Positive Contrast in Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Specific Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3156-3167. [PMID: 28850787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) are well-known for their anticoagulant properties. There is also currently a growing interest in using LMWH in targeted cancer therapy. In particular, several types inhibit heparanase, a key enzyme overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment that promotes angiogenesis progression and metastasis spreading. Here, we propose iron oxide nanoparticles (HEP-IONP) coated with different heparins of distinct anticoagulant/anti-heparanase activity ratios and suitable for positive contrast in magnetic resonance imaging. As a proof of concept, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was conducted in mice up to 3 h after intravenous administration. This new IONP-based positive contrast appropriate for clinic together with the long vascular circulating times can enable innovative theranostic applications if combined with the various bioactivities of the heparins. Indeed, we showed, using advanced in vitro tests, how HEP-IONP anticoagulant or anti-heparanase activities were maintained depending on the heparin species used for the coating. Overall, the study allowed presenting an IONP coated with a commercial LMWH (Lovenox) suggested as a theranostic translational probe for MRA diagnostic and treatment of thrombosis, and an antitumor IONP coated with a specific depolymerized heparin to be used in targeted therapy and diagnostic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Groult
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé environnement (AMES), University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
| | - Nicolas Poupard
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé environnement (AMES), University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Egle Conforto
- UMR CNRS 7356 LaSIE, University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
| | - Nicolas Bridiau
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé environnement (AMES), University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
| | - Fréderic Sannier
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé environnement (AMES), University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
| | - Stéphanie Bordenave
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé environnement (AMES), University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
| | - Jean-Marie Piot
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé environnement (AMES), University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé environnement (AMES), University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
| | - Thierry Maugard
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé environnement (AMES), University of La Rochelle , La Rochelle, France
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18
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Palombella S, Pirrone C, Rossi F, Armenia I, Cherubino M, Valdatta L, Raspanti M, Bernardini G, Gornati R. Effects of Metal Micro and Nano-Particles on hASCs: An In Vitro Model. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7080212. [PMID: 28771169 PMCID: PMC5575694 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As the knowledge about the interferences of nanomaterials on human staminal cells are scarce and contradictory, we undertook a comparative multidisciplinary study based on the size effect of zero-valent iron, cobalt, and nickel microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) using human adipose stem cells (hASCs) as a model, and evaluating cytotoxicity, morphology, cellular uptake, and gene expression. Our results suggested that the medium did not influence the cell sensitivity but, surprisingly, the iron microparticles (FeMPs) resulted in being toxic. These data were supported by modifications in mRNA expression of some genes implicated in the inflammatory response. Microscopic analysis confirmed that NPs, mainly internalized by endocytosis, persist in the vesicles without any apparent cell damage. Conversely, MPs are not internalized, and the effects on hASCs have to be ascribed to the release of ions in the culture medium, or to the reduced oxygen and nutrient exchange efficiency due to the presence of MP agglomerating around the cells. Notwithstanding the results depicting a heterogeneous scene that does not allow drawing a general conclusion, this work reiterates the importance of comparative investigations on MPs, NPs, and corresponding ions, and the need to continue the thorough verification of NP and MP innocuousness to ensure unaffected stem cell physiology and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Palombella
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pirrone
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Federica Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Mario Cherubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Luigi Valdatta
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
- The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and University of Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
- The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and University of Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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19
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Salatin S, Jelvehgari M. Natural Polysaccharide based Nanoparticles for Drug/Gene Delivery. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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20
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Albumin and Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Paclitaxel for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2017. [PMID: 28640222 PMCID: PMC6152103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were augmented by both hyaluronic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), each covalently conjugated to dopamine (DA) enabling their anchoring to the SPION. HA and BSA were found to simultaneously serve as stabilizing polymers of Fe3O4·DA-BSA/HA in water. Fe3O4·DA-BSA/HA efficiently entrapped and released the hydrophobic cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (PTX). The relative amount of HA and BSA modulates not only the total solubility but also the paramagnetic relaxation properties of the preparation. The entrapping of PTX did not influence the paramagnetic relaxation properties of Fe3O4·DA-BSA. Thus, by tuning the surface structure and loading, we can tune the theranostic properties of the system.
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21
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Armenia I, Balzaretti R, Pirrone C, Allegretti C, D'Arrigo P, Valentino M, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Pollegioni L. l-aspartate oxidase magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and l-aspartate bioconversion. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00384f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
l-aspartate oxidase (LASPO) catalyses the stereospecific oxidative deamination of l-aspartate. Here, we describe the efficient immobilization of this enzyme on Fe3O4 NPs resulting in a stable NP-LASPO dispersion with a good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Armenia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
| | - Riccardo Balzaretti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
| | - Cristina Pirrone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
| | - Chiara Allegretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Paola D'Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Mattia Valentino
- The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano
- ICRM CNR Milano
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 20131 Milano
- Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
- 21100 Varese
- Italy
- The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano
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22
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Rossi F, Palombella S, Pirrone C, Mancini G, Bernardini G, Gornati R. Evaluation of tissue morphology and gene expression as biomarkers of pollution in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis caging experiment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 181:57-66. [PMID: 27810493 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ecosystem is being anthropogenically disturbed, which has serious consequences for the environment and human health, having strong social and economic impacts on the community. One of the most common methods to evaluate the effects of toxic contaminants is based on biomonitoring, e.g., placing Mytilus galloprovincialis in the polluted areas investigated. In this study, we have combined two different methods, transcriptomic and morphological analysis, with the purpose of determining whether cell morphology and the ultrastructural organization of our animal model are related to gene expression in outdoor experiments. The most pronounced changes were observed in mussel gills and digestive gland for mRNA involved in protein machinery (18S, 28S and EF1), while HSP70, MT10, CYP4Y1, SOD1, and CAT mRNAs showed scattered modifications not related to the studied area. In agreement with 18S, 28S, and EF1 mRNA evaluation, optical and electron microscopy demonstrated an initial inflammatory response of the cells that can lead to apoptosis in the caged mussels in all the polluted areas. In conclusion, the application of a multi-disciplinary approach proved to be effective for assessing the biological effects of contaminations on the health of aquatic organisms, and thus suitable to be applied in eco-toxicological studies. Although affected by several uncontrolled environmental variables, the assessment of mRNA can represent a useful endpoint for an integrated estimation of the overall threats to the sea environment within a field research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Palombella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Pirrone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e Informatica Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy; "The Protein Factory" Research Center, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy; "The Protein Factory" Research Center, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, Italy.
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23
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Ternent L, Mayoh DA, Lees MR, Davies GL. Heparin-stabilised iron oxide for MR applications: a relaxometric study. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3065-3074. [PMID: 32263045 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles have strong potential in biomedicine and have seen application as clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, though their popularity has plummeted in recent years, due to low efficacy and safety concerns, including haemagglutination. Using an in situ procedure, we have prepared colloids of magnetite nanoparticles, exploiting the clinically approved anti-coagulant, heparin, as a templating stabiliser. These colloids, stable over several days, produce exceptionally strong MRI contrast capabilities particularly at low fields, as demonstrated by relaxometric investigations using nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion (NMRD) techniques and single field r1 and r2 relaxation measurements. This behaviour is due to interparticle interactions, enhanced by the templating effect of heparin, resulting in strong magnetic anisotropic behaviour which closely maps particle size. The nanocomposites have also reliably prevented protein-adsorption triggered thrombosis typical of non-stabilised nanoparticles, showing great potential for in vivo MRI diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ternent
- Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells Doctoral Training Centre, Coventry House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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24
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Bossi E, Zanella D, Gornati R, Bernardini G. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles can enter inside the cells by crossing plasma membranes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22254. [PMID: 26924527 PMCID: PMC4770291 DOI: 10.1038/srep22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of nanoparticles (NPs) to be promptly uptaken by the cells makes them both dangerous and useful to human health. It was recently postulated that some NPs might cross the plasma membrane also by a non-endocytotic pathway gaining access to the cytoplasm. To this aim, after having filled mature Xenopus oocytes with Calcein, whose fluorescence is strongly quenched by divalent metal ions, we have exposed them to different cobalt NPs quantifying quenching as evidence of the increase of the concentration of Co(2+) released by the NPs that entered into the cytoplasm. We demonstrated that cobalt oxide NPs, but not cobalt nor cobalt oxide NPs that were surrounded by a protein corona, can indeed cross plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria; Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy.,Interuniversity Center "The Protein Factory", Politecnico di Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Zanella
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria; Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria; Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy.,Interuniversity Center "The Protein Factory", Politecnico di Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria; Via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy.,Interuniversity Center "The Protein Factory", Politecnico di Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milan, Italy
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25
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Gornati R, Longo A, Rossi F, Maisano M, Sabatino G, Mauceri A, Bernardini G, Fasulo S. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure in Mytilus galloprovincialis gills and digestive gland. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:807-17. [PMID: 26846715 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1132348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide use of nanoscale materials in several fields, some aspects of the nanoparticle behavior have to be still investigated. In this work, we faced the aspect of environmental effects of increasing concentrations of TiO2NPs using the Mytilus galloprovincialis as an animal model and carrying out a multidisciplinary approach to better explain the results. Bioaccumulation suggested that the gills and digestive gland are the most sensitive organs to TiO2NP exposure. Histological observations have evidenced an altered tissue organization and a consistent infiltration of hemocytes, as a consequence of the immune system activation, even though an increase in lipid peroxidation is uncertain and DNA damage became relevant only at high exposure dose (10 mg/L) or for longer exposure time (96 h). However, the over expression of SOD1 mRNA strengthen the concept that the toxicity of TiO2NPs could occur indirectly by ROS production. TEM analysis showed the presence of multilamellar bodies, RER fragmentation, and cytoplasmic vacuolization within relevant presence of dense granules, residual bodies, and lipid inclusions. These findings support the evidence of an initial inflammatory response by the cells of the target organs leading to apoptosis. In conclusion, we can state that certainly the exposure to TiO2NPs has affected our animal model from cellular to molecular levels. Interestingly, the same responses are caused by lower TiO2NP concentration and longer exposure time as well as higher doses and shorter exposure. We do not know if some of the conditions detected are reversible, then further studies are required to clarify this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Gornati
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita , Università dell'Insubria , Varese , Italy .,b "The Protein Factory" Research Center, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università dell'Insubria , Milano , Italy
| | - Arturo Longo
- c Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali , and
| | - Federica Rossi
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita , Università dell'Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- c Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali , and
| | - Giuseppe Sabatino
- d Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra , Università di Messina , Messina , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bernardini
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita , Università dell'Insubria , Varese , Italy .,b "The Protein Factory" Research Center, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università dell'Insubria , Milano , Italy
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Gornati R, Pedretti E, Rossi F, Cappellini F, Zanella M, Olivato I, Sabbioni E, Bernardini G. Zerovalent Fe, Co and Ni nanoparticle toxicity evaluated on SKOV-3 and U87 cell lines. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:385-93. [PMID: 26378417 PMCID: PMC5054872 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have considered nanoparticles (NPs) of Fe, Co and Ni, three transition metals sharing similar chemical properties. NP dissolution, conducted by radioactive tracer method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, indicated that NiNPs and FeNPs released in the medium a much smaller amount of ions than that released by Co NPs. The two considered methodological approaches, however, gave comparable but not identical results. All NPs are readily internalized by the cells, but their quantity inside the cells is less than 5%. Cytotoxicity and gene expression experiments were performed on SKOV‐3 and U87 cells. In both cell lines, CoNPs and NiNPs were definitely more toxic than FeNPs. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction experiments aimed to evaluate modifications of the expression of genes involved in the cellular stress response (HSP70, MT2A), or susceptible to metal exposure (SDHB1 and MLL), or involved in specific cellular processes (caspase3, IQSEC1 and VMP1), gave different response patterns in the two cell lines. HSP70, for example, was highly upregulated by CoNPs and NiNPs, but only in SKOV‐3 cell lines. Overall, this work underlines the difficulties in predicting NP toxicological properties based only on their chemical characteristics. We, consequently, think that, at this stage of our knowledge, biological effects induced by metal‐based NPs should be examined on a case‐by‐case basis following studies on different in vitro models. Moreover, with the only exception of U87 exposed to Ni, our results suggest that metallic NPs have caused, on gene expression, similar effects to those caused by their corresponding ions. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. We have considered Fe, Co and Ni nanoparticles and studied their dissolution by radioactive tracer method and ICP‐MS. We have also performed cytotoxicity and gene expression experiments on two different cell lines. The obtained results convinced us that, at this stage of our knowledge, metal‐based nanoparticles should be examined on a case‐by‐case basis on different in vitro models. Moreover, our results suggest that metal‐based nanoparticles have caused similar effects to those caused by their corresponding ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
- Interuniversity Center ‘The Protein Factory’, Politecnico di MilanoICRM‐CNR Milano and Università dell'InsubriaMilanItaly
| | - Elisa Pedretti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Federica Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
- Interuniversity Center ‘The Protein Factory’, Politecnico di MilanoICRM‐CNR Milano and Università dell'InsubriaMilanItaly
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New synthesis and biodistribution of the D-amino acid oxidase-magnetic nanoparticle system. Future Sci OA 2015; 1:FSO67. [PMID: 28031918 PMCID: PMC5138019 DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Application of nanoenzymes, based on D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), as anticancer system requires improvement of the synthesis protocol and in vivo distribution evaluation. Results: A new and more efficient synthesis via EDC-NHS produced an Fe3O4NP-APTES-DAAO system with a specific activity of 7 U/mg NPs. IR spectroscopy showed that all Fe3O4 NP sites are saturated with APTES and all available NH2 sites with DAAO. The acute cytotoxicity of the new system does not differ from that of the previous one. In vivo experiments showed that the system did not cause adverse effects, cross the brain–blood barrier and accumulate in the heart. Conclusions: Our results support the possibility to use enzymes conjugated to magnetic NPs for cancer treatment. Besides, we think that enzymes and other biological molecules efficiently conjugated to magnetic NPs might constitute a category of ‘bionanoparticles’ to be exploited, not only in medical, but also in industrial biotechnology. Lay abstract: We have linked magnetic nanoparticles to D-amino acid oxidase, an enzyme capable of producing, in the presence of its substrate, reactive oxygen species. The scope is to use the magnetic properties of the enzyme-nanoparticle system to direct it to a desired area where its cytotoxicity can be controlled by the addition of exogenous substrate. Besides the possible applications in cancer therapy, we think that enzymes and other biological molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles might also be exploited in industrial biotechnology.
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Nanoparticles: Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 811:73-91. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Aliabadi M, Dastjerdi R, Kabiri K. HTCC-modified nanoclay for tissue engineering applications: a synergistic cell growth and antibacterial efficiency. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:749240. [PMID: 23998128 PMCID: PMC3753741 DOI: 10.1155/2013/749240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the synthesis of a biocompatible chitosan ammonium salt N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) and using it in montmorillonite ion-exchange process. HTCC-modified montmorillonite (Mt) with different chemical ratios was successfully synthesized, and their characteristics have been verified by XRD and FTIR analyses. Produced samples have been evaluated in terms of antibacterial efficiency and biocompatibility (cell culture test). Antibacterial efficiency of synthesized HTCC/Mt samples has been confirmed against both gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The results disclosed that the antibacterial efficiency of HTCC-modified montmorillonite was unexpectedly even more than HTCC. This excellent synergistic effect has been referred to entrapping bacteria between the intercalated structures of HTCC-modified montmorillonite. Then HTCC on clay layers can seriously attack and damage the entrapped bacteria. An extraordinary biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell growth even more than tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) have been recorded in the case of this novel kind of modified clay. Due to existing concerns about serious and chronic infections after implant placement, this natural-based bioactive and antibacterial modified clay can be used in electrospun nanofibers and other polymeric implants with promising mechanical properties for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Aliabadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, P.O. Box 97178-131, Birjand, Iran
| | - Roya Dastjerdi
- Textile Engineering Department, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kourosh Kabiri
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
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