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Yavuz A, Küçük A, Ergörün Aİ, Dursun AD, Yiğman Z, Alkan M, Arslan M. Evaluation of the efficacy of silymarin and dexmedetomidine on kidney and lung tissue in the treatment of sepsis in rats with cecal perforation. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:242. [PMID: 38655036 PMCID: PMC11036365 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that develops in the host against microorganisms. This response develops away from the primary infection site and results in end-organ damage. The present study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects on lung and kidney tissue of silymarin (S) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) applied 1 h before and after sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method in rats. A total of 62 rats was randomly divided into eight groups: i) Control (n=6); ii) cecal perforation (CLP; n=8); iii) S + CLP (n=8; S + CLP; S administered 1 h before CPL); iv) CLP + S (n=8; S administered 1 h after CLP); v) DEX + CLP (n=8; D + CLP; DEX administered 1 h before CLP); vi) CLP + D (n=8; DEX administered 1 h after CLP); vii) SD + CLP (n=8; S and DEX administered 1 h before CLP) and viii) CLP + SD (n=8; S and DEX administered 1 h after CLP). After the cecum filled with stool, it was tied with 3/0 silk under the ileocecal valve and the anterior surface of the cecum was punctured twice with an 18-gauge needle. A total of 100 mg/kg silymarin and 100 µg/kg DEX were administered intraperitoneally to the treatment groups. Lung and kidney tissue samples were collected to evaluate biochemical and histopathological parameters. In the histopathological examination, all parameters indicating kidney injury; interstitial edema, peritubular capillary dilatation, vacuolization, ablation of tubular epithelium from the basement membrane, loss of brush border in the proximal tubule epithelium, cell swelling and nuclear defragmentation; were increased in the CLP compared with the control group. Silymarin administration increased kidney damage, including ablation of tubular epithelium from the basement membrane, compared with that in the CLP group. DEX significantly reduced kidney damage compared with the CLP and silymarin groups. The co-administration of DEX + silymarin decreased kidney damage, although it was not as effective as DEX-alone. To conclude, intraperitoneal DEX ameliorated injury in CLP rats. DEX + silymarin partially ameliorated injury but silymarin administration increased damage. As a result, silymarin has a negative effects with this dosage and DEX has a protective effect. In the present study, it was determined that using the two drugs together had a greater therapeutic effect than silymarin and no differences in the effects were not observed any when the application times of the agents were changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Yavuz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Science University, Kutahya 43020, Turkey
| | - Aydan İremnur Ergörün
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yiğman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Metin Alkan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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Liao Q, Li F, Xue M, Chen W, Tao Z, Song Y, Yuan Y. Polydatin alleviates sepsis‑induced acute lung injury via downregulation of Spi‑B. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:102. [PMID: 38025835 PMCID: PMC10646764 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is related to the dysregulation of inflammatory responses. Polydatin supplement was reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in several diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the role of polydatin in sepsis-induced ALI. A cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse ALI model was established first and the pathological changes of lung tissues were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Meanwhile, to mimic sepsis-induced ALI in vitro, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were measured in lung tissues and PMVECs using ELISA. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of Spi-B in lung tissues and PMVECs. Moreover, the expression levels of Spi-B, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-NF-κB in lung tissues and PMVECs were determined using western blotting. The data revealed that polydatin attenuated CLP-induced lung injury and inhibited sepsis-induced inflammatory responses in mice. Furthermore, polydatin significantly inhibited the expression of Spi-B, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-NF-κB in lung tissues of mice subjected to CLP-induced ALI, while this phenomenon was reversed through Spi-B overexpression. Consistently, the anti-inflammatory effect of polydatin was abolished by Spi-B overexpression. Taken together, the current findings revealed that polydatin alleviated sepsis-induced ALI via the downregulation of Spi-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwu Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Xue
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wenan Chen
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhengang Tao
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuejiao Song
- Department of Anesthesia, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Guo J, Ding W, Cai S, Ren P, Chen F, Wang J, Fang K, Li B, Cai J. Polydatin radiosensitizes lung cancer while preventing radiation injuries by modulating tumor-infiltrating B cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:9529-9542. [PMID: 37219743 PMCID: PMC10423126 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired radio-resistance and the undesired normal tissue radiation injuries seriously discount the therapeutic effect of lung cancer radiotherapy. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of polydatin in simultaneously decreasing radioresistance and radiation injuries. METHODS The tumor-bearing model of nude mice was used to investigate the tumor inhibition of polydatin on lung cancer and its effect on radiosensitivity, and the effect of polydatin on B cell infiltration in cancerous tissue was investigated. In addition, we performed systemic radiotherapy on BABL/C mice and evaluated the protective effect of polydatin on radiation injury by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Moreover, the regulation of polydatin on proliferation and apoptosis of A549 cells was also investigated in vitro. RESULTS In this study, it is first found that polydatin inhibits the growth and promotes the radiosensitivity of lung cancer while reducing the radiation damage of the healthy tissue. Further, it is evidenced that the major mechanism relies on its regulation on body's immune function, and in particular, the inhibition of radiation-induced B cell infiltration in tumor tissue. CONCLUSION These findings show that in addition to tumor inhibition, polydatin also promotes the sensitivity and reduces the adverse reactions of radiotherapy, making itself a promising candidate for boosting lung cancer radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen Ding
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shanlin Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pan Ren
- The 929th Navy Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fengxu Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kai Fang
- Department of Medicine College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Huang L, Li W, Lu Y, Ju Q, Ouyang M. Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098501. [PMID: 36910614 PMCID: PMC9992732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron, as one of the essential trace elements in the human body, is involved in a wide range of critical biochemical reactions and physiological processes, including the maintenance of the normal cell cycle, mitochondrial function, nucleotide metabolism, and immune response. In this context, iron is naturally associated with cancer occurrence. Cellular iron deficiency can induce apoptosis, however, iron can also engage in potentially harmful reactions that produce free radicals because of its capacity to gain and lose electrons. Studies suggest that dietary iron, particularly heme iron, may be one of the leading causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, patients with CRC have abnormal iron absorption, storage, utilization, and exportation. Therefore, iron is crucial for the development and progression of CRC. Elaborating on the alterations in iron metabolism during the onset and advancement of CRC would help to further explain the role and mechanism of iron inside the body. Thus, we reviewed the alterations in numerous iron metabolism-related molecules and their roles in CRC, which may provide new clues between iron metabolism and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luji Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangji Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong, China
| | - Qinuo Ju
- Guangdong Country Garden School, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhao Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Gao P, Wu B, Ding Y, Yin B, Gu H. circEXOC5 promotes acute lung injury through the PTBP1/Skp2/Runx2 axis to activate autophagy. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 6:6/1/e202201468. [PMID: 36302650 PMCID: PMC9614700 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI), we focused on circEXOC5, a significantly up-regulated circular RNA in ALI. Using the in vivo cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced ALI mouse model and in vitro LPS-challenged mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (MPVEC) model, we examined the impacts of knockdown circEXOC5 on lung injury, inflammation, and autophagy. The regulation between circEXOC5, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was investigated by combining RNA immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR, mRNA stability, and ubiquitination assays. The significance of PTBP1 in circEXOC5-induced ALI phenotypes was examined both in vitro and in vivo. circEXOC5 was up-regulated and associated with increased inflammation and activated autophagy in cecal ligation and puncture-induced ALI lung tissues and LPS-challenged MPVECs. Through the interaction with PTBP1, circEXOC5 accelerated Skp2 mRNA decay, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for Runx2, and therefore increased Runx2 expression. Functionally, overexpressing PTBP1 reversed shcircEXOC5-inhibited ALI, inflammation, or autophagy. The signaling cascade circEXOC5/PTBP1/Skp2/Runx2, by essentially regulating inflammation and autophagy in MPVECs, aggravates sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haoxiang Gu
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Karami A, Fakhri S, Kooshki L, Khan H. Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits. Molecules 2022; 27:6474. [PMID: 36235012 PMCID: PMC9572446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly through the modulation of pivotal signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Various imperative biological activities have been suggested for polydatin towards promising therapeutic effects, including anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-microbial, as well as health-promoting roles on the renal system, the respiratory system, rheumatoid diseases, the skeletal system, and women's health. In the present study, the therapeutic targets, biological activities, pharmacological mechanisms, and health benefits of polydatin are reviewed to provide new insights to researchers. The need to develop further clinical trials and novel delivery systems of polydatin is also considered to reveal new insights to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Karami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Chen D, Xie H, Jia M, Sun X, Peng F, Guo F, Tang D. AUF1 protects against ferroptosis to alleviate sepsis-induced acute lung injury by regulating NRF2 and ATF3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:228. [PMID: 35391558 PMCID: PMC11072094 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AU-rich element (ARE)-binding factor 1 (AUF1) acts as a switch for septic shock, although its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the biological significance and potential molecular mechanism of AUF1 in regulating ferroptosis in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) challenged with ferroptosis-inducing compounds and cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced ALI were used as the in vitro and in vivo model, respectively. The stability of AUF1 and its degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were examined by cycloheximide chase analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assay. The regulation of AUF1 on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was explored by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down, and mRNA stability assays. Functionally, the effects of altering AUF1, NRF2 or ATF3 on ferroptosis in AECs or ALI mice were evaluated by measuring cell viability, lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and total glutathione level. RESULTS AUF1 was down-regulated in AECs challenged with ferroptosis-inducing compounds, both on mRNA and protein levels. The E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 was responsible for protein degradation of AUF1 during ferroptosis. By up-regulating NRF2 and down-regulating ATF3, AUF1 antagonized ferroptosis in AECs in vitro. In the CLP-induced ALI model, the survival rate of AUF1 knockout mice was significantly reduced and the lung injuries were aggravated, which were related to the enhancement of lung ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS FBXW7 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of AUF1 in ferroptosis. AUF1 antagonizes ferroptosis by regulating NRF2 and ATF3 oppositely. Activating AUF1 pathway may be beneficial to the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63, Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong, 510150, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Diyu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510150, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xie
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510150, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwang Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63, Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong, 510150, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510150, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63, Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong, 510150, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63, Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong, 510150, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Ye P, Wu H, Jiang Y, Xiao X, Song D, Xu N, Ma X, Zeng J, Guo Y. Old dog, new tricks: Polydatin as a multitarget agent for current diseases. Phytother Res 2021; 36:214-230. [PMID: 34936712 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin (PD) is a natural single-crystal product that is primarily extracted from the traditional plant Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Early research showed that PD exhibited a variety of biological activities. PD has attracted increasing research interest since 2014, but no review comprehensively summarized the new findings. A great gap between its biological activities and drug development remains. It is necessary to summarize new findings on the pharmacological effects of PD on current diseases. We propose that PD will most likely be used in cardiac and cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion-related diseases and atherosclerosis in the future. The present work classified these new findings according to diseases and summarized the main effects of PD via specific mechanisms of action. In summary, we found that PD played a therapeutic role in a variety of diseases, primarily via five mechanisms: antioxidative effects, antiinflammatory effects, regulation of autophagy and apoptosis, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and lipid regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hefei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoguang Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Perrella F, Coppola F, Petrone A, Platella C, Montesarchio D, Stringaro A, Ravagnan G, Fuggetta MP, Rega N, Musumeci D. Interference of Polydatin/Resveratrol in the ACE2:Spike Recognition during COVID-19 Infection. A Focus on Their Potential Mechanism of Action through Computational and Biochemical Assays. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1048. [PMID: 34356672 PMCID: PMC8301781 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for new therapeutic strategies to contrast SARS-CoV-2, we here studied the interaction of polydatin (PD) and resveratrol (RESV)-two natural stilbene polyphenols with manifold, well known biological activities-with Spike, the viral protein essential for virus entry into host cells, and ACE2, the angiotensin-converting enzyme present on the surface of multiple cell types (including respiratory epithelial cells) which is the main host receptor for Spike binding. Molecular Docking simulations evidenced that both compounds can bind Spike, ACE2 and the ACE2:Spike complex with good affinity, although the interaction of PD appears stronger than that of RESV on all the investigated targets. Preliminary biochemical assays revealed a significant inhibitory activity of the ACE2:Spike recognition with a dose-response effect only in the case of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Perrella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Federico Coppola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giampietro Ravagnan
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Pia Fuggetta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (F.C.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80134 Naples, Italy
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10
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Zhao S, Gao J, Li J, Wang S, Yuan C, Liu Q. PD-L1 Regulates Inflammation in LPS-Induced Lung Epithelial Cells and Vascular Endothelial Cells by Interacting with the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 44:1969-1981. [PMID: 34014492 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced lung injury was the most common cause of death in patients. This study aimed to investigate whether PD-L1 regulates the inflammation in LPS-induced lung epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells by interacting with the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Sepsis-induced lung injury mice were constructed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells simulate the sepsis-induced lung injury model in vitro. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining detected the morphological changes of the lung tissues, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) detected the PD-L1 expression in lung tissues. Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay determined the protein concentration in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The number of PD-1 (+) cells in blood was detected by flow cytometry. The apoptosis in lung tissues and LPS-induced cells was analyzed by TUNEL assay. The inflammatory factor levels and HIF-1α in lung tissues and LPS-induced cells were analyzed by ELISA. The transfection effects of KD-PDL1 or KD-HIF1A in lung epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. The protein expression related to the PD-L1- and HIF-1α-related pathway was determined by Western blot analysis. As a result, LMT-28, as an IL-6 inhibitor, alleviated lung injury and suppressed the apoptosis and inflammation in lung tissues in BALF and the number of PD-1 (+) cells in blood. Sepsis-induced lung injury activated the PD-L1- and HIF-1α-related pathway, while LMT-28 could not completely inhibit the pathway. In addition, downregulation of PD-L1 or downregulation of HIF-1α suppressed the apoptosis and alleviated the inflammation in LPS-induced lung epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. Downregulation of PD-L1 had significant effects on lung epithelial cells but had greater effects on vascular endothelial cells. Downregulation of HIF-1α could decrease PD-L1 expression, and downregulation of PD-L1 could also suppress the protein expression of HIF-1α and related pathways. In conclusion, downregulation of PD-L1 alleviated the inflammation in LPS-induced lung epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells by suppressing the HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 JianShe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 JianShe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 JianShe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 JianShe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Congcong Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 JianShe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiuhong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 JianShe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China.
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11
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Pedrosa-Gerasmio IR, Tanaka T, Sumi A, Kondo H, Hirono I. Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Gene Expression, Immunity, and ATP Levels in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:829-843. [PMID: 30145744 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of several infectious diseases in shrimp aquaculture, there is a growing interest in the use of feed additives to enhance shrimp immunity. Recently, the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a non-protein amino acid that plays a rate-limiting role in heme biosynthesis, has received attention for its positive effect on immunity in livestock animals. To evaluate the effect of 5-ALA in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, we conducted microarray analysis, a Vibrio parahaemolyticus immersion challenge test, an ATP level assay, and gene expression analysis of some hemoproteins and genes associated with heme synthesis and degradation. Out of 15,745 L. vannamei putative genes on the microarray, 101 genes were differentially expressed by more than fourfold (p < 0.05) between 5-ALA-supplemented and control shrimp hepatopancreas. 5-ALA upregulated 99 of the 101 genes, 41 of which were immune- and defense-related genes based on sequence homology. Compared to the control, the 5-ALA-supplemented group had a higher survival rate in the challenge test, higher transcript levels of porphobilinogen synthase, ferrochelatase, catalase, nuclear receptor E75, and heme oxygenase-1 and higher levels of ATP. These findings suggest that dietary 5-ALA enhanced the immune response of L. vannamei to V. parahaemolyticus, upregulated immune- and defense-related genes, and enhanced aerobic energy metabolism, respectively. Further studies are needed to elucidate the extent of 5-ALA use in shrimp culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivane R Pedrosa-Gerasmio
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Park B, Lee IS, Hyun SW, Jo K, Lee TG, Kim JS, Kim CS. The Protective Effect of Polygonum cuspidatum (PCE) Aqueous Extract in a Dry Eye Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1550. [PMID: 30347752 PMCID: PMC6212923 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eyes are caused by highly increased osmolarity of tear film, inflammation, and apoptosis of the ocular surface. In this study, we investigated the effect of Polygonum cuspidatum (PCE) aqueous extract in in vivo and in vitro dry eye models. Dry eye was induced by excision of the lacrimal gland and hyperosmotic media. In vivo, oral administration of PCE in exorbital lacrimal gland-excised rats recovered tear volume and Mucin4 (MUC4) expression by inhibiting corneal irregularity and expression of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, hyperosmotic media induced human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) cytotoxicity though increased inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. PCE treatment significantly inhibited expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), and activation of NF-κB p65 in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. Hyperosmolarity-induced increase in Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression and activation of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 were attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by PCE. PCE treatment restored anti-oxidative proteins such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. These data demonstrate that PCE prevents adverse changes in the ocular surface and tear fluid through inhibition of hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidation, suggesting that PCE may have the potential to preserve eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyun Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Ik Soo Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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13
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Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhang R. Alleviation of Acute Lung Injury in Rats with Sepsis by Resveratrol via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2/Heme Oxygenase-1 (PI3K/Nrf2/HO-1) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3604-3611. [PMID: 29844304 PMCID: PMC6004080 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol (Res) is a type of polyphenol found in many plants, which can protect important organs from the damage induced by sepsis. However, the exact mechanism of its protective effect has not been established. This study investigated the effect of Res on the PI3K/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in rats with sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Material/Methods Male Wistar rats were treated with 30 mg/kg Res by intraperitoneal administration for 1 hour immediately after cecal ligation and puncture. Levels of MIP-2, IL-18, and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. Lung tissues were collected to measure the wet-to-dry (W/D) ratios, oxidative stress index, and lung injury scores. Expression levels of Akt, p-Akt, HO-1, Nrf-2, and active caspase-3 proteins were determined by western blotting; expression of HO-1 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. Results Treatment with Res significantly decreased the levels of MIP-2 and IL-18 and increased IL-10 in the BALF of rats with sepsis-induced ALI. In addition, Res also effectively reduced the W/D lung weight ratio, lung injury score, and the levels of MDA (malondialdehyde) and 8-OHdG. Conversely, Res increased SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity in the lung tissue. Moreover, Res significantly induced higher HO-1 mRNA expression, upregulated HO-1 and Nrf-2 protein expression, and the phosphorylation of Akt in the lung tissue. In contrast, the levels of activated caspase-3 protein were decreased in Res-treated rats (P<0.05). Conclusions Res could inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis to alleviate ALI in septic rats through the inhibition of the PI3K/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Transduced PEP-1-Heme Oxygenase-1 Fusion Protein Attenuates Lung Injury in Septic Shock Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6403861. [PMID: 29682161 PMCID: PMC5848134 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6403861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have been identified to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by septic shock. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic substance, has been used for the treatment of heart, lung, and liver diseases. Thus, we postulated that administration of exogenous HO-1 protein transduced by cell-penetrating peptide PEP-1 has a protective role against septic shock-induced lung injury. Septic shock produced by cecal ligation and puncture caused severe lung damage, manifested in the increase in the lung wet/dry ratio, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, these changes were reversed by treatment with the PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein, whereas lung injury in septic shock rats was alleviated. Furthermore, the septic shock upregulated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and transcription factor NF-κB, accompanied by the increase of lung injury. Administration of PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein reversed septic shock-induced lung injury by downregulating the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB. Our study indicates that treatment with HO-1 protein transduced by PEP-1 confers protection against septic shock-induced lung injury by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
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15
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Ye J, Piao H, Jiang J, Jin G, Zheng M, Yang J, Jin X, Sun T, Choi YH, Li L, Yan G. Polydatin inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation by targeting PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11895. [PMID: 28928455 PMCID: PMC5605538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydatin(PD) shows anti-allergic inflammatory effect, and this study investigated its underlying mechanisms in in vitro and in vivo models. IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) models were used to confirm PD effect in vivo. Various signaling pathway proteins in mast cell were examined. RT-PCR, ELISA and western blotting were applied when appropriate. Activity of Lyn and Fyn kinases in vitro was measured using the Kinase Enzyme System. PD dose-dependently reduced the pigmentation of Evans blue in the PCA model and decreased the concentration of serum histamine in PSA model, and attenuated the degranulation of mast cells without generating cytotoxicity. PD decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-4, IL-1β, and IL-8). PD directly inhibited activity of Lyn and Syk kinases and down-regulated downstream signaling pathway including MAPK, PI3K/AKT and NF-kB. In addition, PD also targets Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit mast cell-derived allergic inflammatory reactions. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that PD is a possible therapeutic candidate for allergic inflammatory diseases. It directly inhibited activity of Lyn and Syk kinases and down-regulates the signaling pathway of MAPK, PI3K/AKT and NF-κB, and up-regulates the signaling pathway of Nrf2/HO-1 to inhibit the degranulation of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Piao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China
| | - Jinshi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ho Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Liangchang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China.
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, P.R. China.
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Momtazi AA, Banach M, Pirro M, Katsiki N, Sahebkar A. Regulation of PCSK9 by nutraceuticals. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:157-169. [PMID: 28363723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9) is a liver secretory enzyme that regulates plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) levels through modulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) density on the surface of hepatocytes. Inhibition of PCSK9 using monoclonal antibodies can efficiently lower plasma LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a). PCSK9 inhibition is also an effective adjunct to statin therapy; however, the cost-effectiveness of currently available PCSK9 inhibitors is under question. Nutraceuticals offer a safe and cost-effective option for PCSK9 inhibition. Several nutraceuticals have been reported to modulate PCSK9 levels and exert LDL-lowering activity. Mechanistically, those nutraceuticals that inhibit PCSK9 through a SREBP (sterol-responsive element binding protein)-independent pathway can be more effective in lowering plasma LDL-C levels compared with those inhibiting PCSK9 through the SREBP pathway. The present review aims to collect available data on the nutraceuticals with PCSK9-inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Li P, Liu Y, Burns N, Zhao KS, Song R. SIRT1 is required for mitochondrial biogenesis reprogramming in hypoxic human pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1127-1136. [PMID: 28339017 PMCID: PMC5403509 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies have reported that mitochondria are putative oxygen sensors underlying hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, little is known concerning the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory program in pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). We investigated the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in human PASMCs during H/R. Human PASMCs were exposed to hypoxia of 24–48 h and reoxygenation of 24–48 h. The expression of SIRT1 was reduced in a time-dependent manner. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression was increased during hypoxia and decreased during reoxygenation, while the release of TFAM was increased in a time-dependent manner. Lentiviral overexpression of SIRT1 preserved SIRT3 deacetylase activity in human PASMCs exposed to H/R. Knockdown of PGC-1α suppressed the effect of SIRT1 on SIRT3 activity. Knockdown of SIRT3 abrogated SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of cyclophilin D (CyPD). Notably, knockdown of SIRT3 or PGC-1α suppressed the incremental effect of SIRT1 on mitochondrial TFAM, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and cellular ATP levels. Importantly, polydatin restored SIRT1 levels in human PASMCs exposed to H/R. Knockdown of SIRT1 suppressed the effect of polydatin on mitochondrial TFAM, mtDNA content and cellular ATP levels. In conclusion, SIRT1 expression is decreased in human PASMCs during H/R. TFAM expression in mitochondria is reduced and the release of TFAM is increased by H/R. PGC-1α/SIRT3/CyPD mediates the protective effect of SIRT1 on expression and release of TFAM and mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Polydatin improves mitochondrial biogenesis and function by enhancing SIRT1 expression in hypoxic human PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Nana Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ke-Seng Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Rui Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Yan XD, Wang QM, Tie C, Jin HT, Han YX, Zhang JL, Yu XM, Hou Q, Zhang PP, Wang AP, Zhang PC, Gao Z, Jiang JD. Polydatin protects the respiratory system from PM 2.5 exposure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40030. [PMID: 28067267 PMCID: PMC5220290 DOI: 10.1038/srep40030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric particle is one of the risk factors for respiratory disease; however, their injury mechanisms are poorly understood, and prevention methods are highly desirable. We constructed artificial PM2.5 (aPM2.5) particles according to the size and composition of actual PM2.5 collected in Beijing. Using these artificial particles, we created an inhalation-injury animal model. These aPM2.5 particles simulate the physical and chemical characteristics of the actual PM2.5, and inhalation of the aPM2.5 in rat results in a time-dependent change in lung suggesting a declined lung function, injury from oxidative stress and inflammation in lung. Thus, this aPM2.5-caused injury animal model may mimic that of the pulmonary injury in human exposed to airborne particles. In addition, polydatin (PD), a resveratrol glucoside that is rich in grapes and red wine, was found to significantly decrease the oxidative potential (OP) of aPM2.5in vitro. Treating the model rats with PD prevented the lung function decline caused by aPM2.5, and reduced the level of oxidative damage in aPM2.5-exposed rats. Moreover, PD inhibited aPM2.5-induced inflammation response, as evidenced by downregulation of white blood cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inflammation-related lipids and proinflammation cytokines in lung. These results provide a practical means for self-protection against particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Piao-Piao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Artesunate Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury Via Heme Oxygenase-1 Modulation. Inflammation 2017; 39:651-62. [PMID: 26627481 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Artesunate, a derivative of artemisinin, has anti-inflammatory properties and exerts protective roles in sepsis. Heme oxygense-1 (HO-1) inhibits the inflammatory response through reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte influx into tissues. The present study investigated the effects of artesunate on HO-1 and septic lung injury. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was employed to induce septic lung injury. Mice pretreated with artesunate (AS) (15 mg/kg) exhibited decreased sepsis-induced mortality and lung injury and alleviated lung pathological changes and neutrophil infiltration. In addition, AS lowered the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) expression and NF-κB activation in lung tissue. In addition, AS enhanced NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation and HO-1 expression and enzymatic activity in lung tissue. However, the protective effects of AS on sepsis-induced lung injury were eliminated by ZnPP IX, an HO-1 competitive inhibitor. Therefore, AS plays protective roles in septic lung injury related to the upregulation of HO-1. These findings suggest an effective and applicable treatment to sepsis-induced lung injury and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms and actions of AS.
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Inflammation and Edema in the Lung and Kidney of Hemorrhagic Shock Rats Are Alleviated by Biliary Tract External Drainage via the Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway. Inflammation 2016; 38:2242-51. [PMID: 26253294 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lung and kidney are two organs that are easily affected by hemorrhagic shock (HS). We investigated roles of biliary tract external drainage (BTED) in inflammation and edema of the lung and kidney in HS and its relationship with the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Rat models of HS were induced by drawing blood from the femoral artery until a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 ± 5 mmHg was achieved. A MAP of 40 ± 5 mmHg was maintained for 60 min. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the following groups: sham group; HS group; HS + zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a specific HO-1 inhibitor, group; HS + BTED group; HS + BTED + ZnPP group; and HS + BTED + bile infusion (BI) group. HO-1 levels, aquaporin-1 levels, and ratios of dry/wet in the lung and kidney increased markedly after BTED, but tumor necrosis factor-α and myeloperoxidase levels in the lung and kidney decreased significantly after BTED under HS conditions. Under the condition that HO-1 was inhibited by ZnPP, all these effects induced by BTED disappeared in the lung and kidney. These results demonstrated that inflammation and edema of the lung and kidney of HS rats are alleviated by BTED via the HO-1 pathway.
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Polydatin Protecting Kidneys against Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction via SIRT1 Activation and p53 Deacetylation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1737185. [PMID: 27057271 PMCID: PMC4783550 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1737185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To ascertain if mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) of kidney cells is present in severe hemorrhagic shock and to investigate whether polydatin (PD) can attenuate MD and its protective mechanisms. Research Design and Methods. Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) from rat kidneys experiencing HS and a cell line (HK-2) under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment were used. Morphology and function of mitochondria in isolated RTECs or cultured HK-2 cells were evaluated, accompanied by mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. Result. Severe MD was found in rat kidneys, especially in RTECs, as evidenced by swollen mitochondria and poorly defined cristae, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and reduced ATP content. PD treatment attenuated MD partially and inhibited expression of proapoptotic proteins. PD treatment increased SIRT1 activity and decreased acetylated-p53 levels. Beneficial effect of PD was abolished partially when the SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527 was added. Similar phenomena were shown in the H/R cell model; when pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor) was added to the PD/Ex527 group, considerable therapeutic effects were regained compared with the PD group apart from increased SIRT1 activity. Conclusions. MD is present in severe HS, and PD can attenuate MD of RTECs via the SIRT1-p53 pathway. PD might be a promising therapeutic drug for acute renal injury.
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Xu G, Kuang G, Jiang W, Jiang R, Jiang D. Polydatin promotes apoptosis through upregulation the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and inhibits proliferation by attenuating the β-catenin signaling in human osteosarcoma cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:922-931. [PMID: 27158379 PMCID: PMC4846936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor mainly endangering young adults. In this study, we explore whether polydatin (PD), a glycoside form of resveratrol, is effective for osteosarcoma. Our results showed that PD dose-dependently inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in 143B and MG63 osteosarcoma cells, examined by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection. Further, we found PD increased expression of Bax and attenuated expression of Bcl-2, and consequently augmented caspase-3 activity. Moreover, PD also dose-dependently inhibited β-catenin signaling pathway as indicated by decreased β-catenin expression and activity, while overexpression of β-catenin by adenoviruses system could abrogate the anti-tumor effect of PD. Our finding indicated that PD could inhibit the proliferation by inhibiting the β-catenin signaling and induce apoptosis via upregulation the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Wengao Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
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Gao Y, Zeng Z, Li T, Xu S, Wang X, Chen Z, Lin C. Polydatin Inhibits Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells of a Rat Model of Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Anesth Analg 2016; 121:1251-60. [PMID: 26484460 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial injury is a major cause of sepsis-induced organ failure. Polydatin (PD), a natural polyphenol, demonstrates protective mitochondrial effects in neurons and arteriolar smooth muscle cells during severe shock. In this study, we investigated the effects of PD on renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) mitochondria in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. METHODS Rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to mimic sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Rats were randomly divided into sham, CLP + normal saline, CLP + vehicle, and CLP + PD groups. Normal saline, vehicle, and 30 mg/kg PD were administered at 6, 12, and 18 hours after CLP or sham surgery via the tail vein. Mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, and function in RTECs were then assessed. Serum cytokines, renal function, survival, and histologic changes in the kidney were also evaluated. RESULTS CLP increased lipid peroxide content, lysosomal instability, and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and caused mitochondrial swelling. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was decreased and ATP levels reduced after CLP. PD inhibited all the above effects. It also inhibited the inflammatory response, improved renal function, attenuated histologic indicators of kidney damage, and prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS PD protects RTECs against mitochondrial dysfunction and prolongs survival in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. These effects may partially result from reductions in interleukin-6 and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youguang Gao
- From the *Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China; †Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China; ‡Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China; §Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China; ∥Institute of Translation Medicine, University of South China, Hunan Province, China; and ¶Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Liuzhou, Liu Zhou, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Ye J, Li J, Chen C, Huang J, Liu P, Huang H. Polydatin ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus by downregulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:19. [PMID: 26833058 PMCID: PMC4736185 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism are constantly observed in type 2 diabetes. However, these abnormalities can be ameliorated by polydatin. Considering the important role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in metabolic diseases, we explore the possible mechanism of polydatin on lipid and glucose metabolism through its effects on PCSK9. METHODS An insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model induced by palmitic acid (PA) and a db/db mice model were used to clarify the role of polydatin on lipid and glucose metabolism. RESULTS In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, polydatin upregulated the protein levels of LDLR and GCK but repressed PCSK9 protein expression, besides, polydatin also inhibited the combination between PCSK9 and LDLR. Knockdown and overexpression experiments indicated that polydatin regulated LDLR and GCK expressions through PCSK9. In the db/db mice model, we found that polydatin markedly enhanced GCK and LDLR protein levels, and inhibited PCSK9 expression in the liver. Molecular docking assay was further performed to analyze the possible binding mode between polydatin and the PCSK9 crystal structure (PDB code: 2p4e), which indicated that steady hydrogen bonds formed between polydatin and PCSK9. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that polydatin ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus by downregulating PCSK9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 WaiHuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 WaiHuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 WaiHuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Junying Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 WaiHuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 WaiHuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 WaiHuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Cheng CC, Guan SS, Yang HJ, Chang CC, Luo TY, Chang J, Ho AS. Blocking heme oxygenase-1 by zinc protoporphyrin reduces tumor hypoxia-mediated VEGF release and inhibits tumor angiogenesis as a potential therapeutic agent against colorectal cancer. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:18. [PMID: 26822586 PMCID: PMC4730655 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia in tumor niche is one of important factors to start regeneration of blood vessels, leading to increase survival, proliferation, and invasion in cancer cells. Under hypoxia microenvironment, furthermore, steadily increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is observed, and can increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and promote angiogenesis. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, is potential to inhibit tumor proliferation and progression. However, the mechanism of ZnPP in inhibition of tumor is not completely clear. We hypothesize that ZnPP may modulate HIF-1α through inhibiting HO-1, and then inhibit angiogenesis and tumor progression. This study aimed to dissect the mechanism of ZnPP in tumor suppression. Results We observed the amount of VEGF was increased in the sera of the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 34, p < 0.05). Furthermore, increased VEGF expression was also measured in colorectal cancer cells, HCT-15, culturing under mimicking hypoxic condition. It suggested that hypoxia induced VEGF production from cancer cells. VEGF production was significantly reduced from HCT-15 cells after exposure to HIF-1α inhibitor KC7F2, suggesting that HIF-1α regulated VEGF production. Moreover, we observed that the HO-1inhibitor ZnPP inhibited the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF coupled with cell proliferations of HCT-15 cells, suggesting that ZnPP blocked HIF-1α expression, and then inhibited the consequent VEGF production. In the xenograft model, we also observed that the animals exposed to ZnPP displayed much smaller tumor nodules and less degree of angiogenesis with decreased expression of the angiogenesis marker, αvβ3 integrin, compared to that in normal control. Conclusions This study demonstrated that VEGF level in serum was elevated in the patients with CRC. The HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP, possessed the properties of anti-tumor agent by decreasing HIF-1α levels, blocking VEGF production, impairing tumor angiogenesis, and inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chia Cheng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jhih Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yueh Luo
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ai-Sheng Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Nursing Department, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Protective effects of polydatin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:370-376. [PMID: 26507165 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of PD against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and explore its potential mechanism. In vivo, PD and dexamethasone were intraperitoneally administered 1h before LPS stimulation. Then, mice were sacrificed at 6h post-LPS stimulation. Neutrophil number, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined, as well as lung wet to dry ratio (W/D) and polymorphonuclear (MPO) activity. The protein expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88), IL-1R-associated kinases 1 (IRAK1), IRAK4, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK)α, p-IKKα, IKKβ, p-IKKβ, inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα), p-IκBα and NF-κB in lung tissues were assessed. Besides, we detected the IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α levels and TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB protein expressions in LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells. Consequently, PD significantly inhibited the levels of W/D, MPO, neutrophils number, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and reversed TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in lung tissues. In vitro assays, PD effectively negatively mediated the inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated the high expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB caused by LPS simulation in Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. This study indicated that PD played a protective role in LPS-induced ALI and BEAS-2B cells. The results supported further study of PD as potential candidate for acute lung injury.
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Zeng Z, Chen Z, Li T, Zhang J, Gao Y, Xu S, Cai S, Zhao KS. Polydatin: a new therapeutic agent against multiorgan dysfunction. J Surg Res 2015. [DOI: 10.10.1016/j.jss.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zeng Z, Chen Z, Li T, Zhang J, Gao Y, Xu S, Cai S, Zhao KS. Polydatin: a new therapeutic agent against multiorgan dysfunction. J Surg Res 2015; 198:192-9. [PMID: 26095424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydatin (PD), a monocrystalline and polyphenolic drug isolated from a traditional Chinese herb (Polygonum cuspidatum), is protective against mitochondrial dysfunction and has been approved for clinical trials in the treatment of shock. However, whether the administration of PD has a therapeutic effect on multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) requires investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS MODS was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via hemorrhage and ligation and puncture of cecum-induced sepsis. The rats were divided into three groups as follows: MODS + PD, MODS + normal saline, and a control group (no treatment). Survival time, blood biochemical indexes, and histopathologic changes in various organs were evaluated; serum oxidative stress (advanced oxidative protein products [AOPPs]) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6) were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptosis-related protein expression (B-cell lymphoma-2 [Bcl-2] and Bax) was assayed by immunohistochemical and Western blotting methods, whereas caspase-3 activity was assayed by spectrophotometry. RESULTS PD improved organ function, prolonged survival time, and reduced MODS incidence and serum levels of AOPPs and proinflammatory cytokines. It also decreased Bax levels and caspase-3 activity and increased Bcl-2 levels in the kidney and liver. CONCLUSIONS PD may serve as a potential therapeutic for MODS, as it suppresses oxidative stress, inhibits inflammatory response, attenuates apoptosis, and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Youguang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke-seng Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Li Y, Xie K, Chen H, Wang G, Yu Y. Hydrogen gas inhibits high-mobility group box 1 release in septic mice by upregulation of heme oxygenase 1. J Surg Res 2015; 196:136-48. [PMID: 25818978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a potentially fatal whole-body inflammation caused by severe infection. Hydrogen gas (H2) is effective for treating sepsis. In this study, we hypothesized that the protective function of H2 in mice with septic lung injury occurred through the activation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and its upstream regulator nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male institute of cancer research mice were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with the presence or absence of H2. Beginning at 1 and 6 h after CLP or sham operation, respectively, 2% H2 was inhaled for 1 h. We intraperitoneally injected the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (40 mg/kg) 1 h before CLP. To assess the severity of septic lung injury, we observed the 7-d survival rate, wet/dry weight ratio of lung, lung histopathologic score, oxygenation index, and so forth. Serum and homogenates from the lung, liver, and kidney were acquired for measuring the levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) at 6, 12, and 24 h after CLP or sham operation. Furthermore, the protein and messenger RNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and HMGB1 was measured at 6, 12, and 24 h. RESULTS Septic mice had a lower survival rate and more severe lung injury compared with the sham group. However, therapy with H2 increased the survival rate and alleviated the severity of lung injury, reduced the HMGB1 level, and increased the HO-1 and Nrf2 levels in septic mice. Moreover, the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX significantly eliminated the protective effect of H2 on septic lung injury. CONCLUSIONS H2 plays a significant role in regulating the release of the inflammatory cytokine HMGB1 in septic mice, which is partially mediated through the activation of HO-1 as a downstream molecule of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China.
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Yang F, Xie J, Wang W, Xie Y, Sun H, Jin Y, Xu D, Chen B, Andersson R, Zhou M. Regional arterial infusion with lipoxin A4 attenuates experimental severe acute pancreatitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108525. [PMID: 25265022 PMCID: PMC4180750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Investigate the therapeutic effect of regional arterial infusion (RAI) with Aspirin-Triggered Lipoxin A4 (ATL) in experimental severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats. Materials and Methods SAP was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Rats with SAP were treated with ATL (the ATL group) or physiological saline (the SAP group) infused via the left gastric artery 30 min after injection of sodium taurocholate. The sham group was subjected to the same surgical procedure, though without induction of SAP. Serum levels of amylase, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured at 12 and 24 h after induction of SAP. Ascitic fluid, the pancreatic index (wet weight ratio) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the pancreas were determined and histopathological findings were evaluated. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), NF-κB p65, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the pancreas were estimated by immunofluorescence and western blot, respectively. Results ATL rats had lower serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (P<0.01), PLA2 (P<0.05), and amylase levels (P<0.05) studied as compared with the SAP group. The pancreatic index in the ATL group decreased only at 24 h as compared with the SAP group (P<0.05). The histopathological findings and MPO levels in the pancreas significantly decreased in the ATL group as compared to the SAP group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Immunofluorescence and western blot showed that ATL attenuated the expression of NF-κB p65, ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 in the pancreas, and increased the expression of HO-1 in SAP animals. Conclusions We demonstrated that RAI with ATL attenuated the severity of experimental SAP, maybe achieved by improving the expression of HO-1, and down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, with decreased expression of ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 and reduced generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajing Yang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangyun Xie
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuepeng Jin
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejaing Province, China
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates proliferation and oxidative stress in human vascular smooth muscle cells induced by interleukin-1β via heme oxygenase-1. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:523684. [PMID: 25386047 PMCID: PMC4214103 DOI: 10.1155/2014/523684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) triggered by inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress contributes importantly to atherogenesis. The association of green tea consumption with cardiovascular protection has been well documented in epidemiological observations, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of the most active green tea catechin derivative, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), focusing particularly on the role of a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We found that pretreatment of EGCG dose- and time-dependently induced HO-1 protein levels in HASMCs. EGCG inhibited interleukin- (IL-)1β-induced HASMC proliferation and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The HO-1 inducer CoPPIX decreased IL-1β-induced cell proliferation, whereas the HO-1 enzyme inhibitor ZnPPIX significantly reversed EGCG-caused growth inhibition in IL-1β-treated HASMCs. At the molecular level, EGCG treatment significantly activated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) transcription activities. These results suggest that EGCG might serve as a complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of these pathologies by inducing HO-1 expression and subsequently decreasing VSMC proliferation.
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Khailova L, Petrie B, Baird CH, Dominguez Rieg JA, Wischmeyer PE. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium longum attenuate lung injury and inflammatory response in experimental sepsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97861. [PMID: 24830455 PMCID: PMC4022641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotic use to prevent nosocomial gastrointestinal and potentially respiratory tract infections in critical care has shown great promise in recent clinical trials of adult and pediatric patients. Despite well-documented benefits of probiotic use in intestinal disorders, the potential for probiotic treatment to reduce lung injury following infection and shock has not been well explored. Objective Evaluate if Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or Bifidobacterium longum (BL) treatment in a weanling mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) peritonitis will protect against lung injury. Methods 3 week-old FVB/N mice were orally gavaged with 200 µl of either LGG, BL or sterile water (vehicle) immediately prior to CLP. Mice were euthanized at 24 h. Lung injury was evaluated via histology and lung neutrophil infiltration was evaluated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining. mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MyD88, TLR-4, TLR-2, NFΚB (p50/p105) and Cox-2 in the lung analyzed via real-time PCR. TNF-α and IL-6 in lung was analyzed via ELISA. Results LGG and BL treatment significantly improved lung injury following experimental infection and sepsis and lung neutrophil infiltration was significantly lower than in untreated septic mice. Lung mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and gene expression of Cox-2 were also significantly reduced in mice receiving LGG or BL treatment. Gene expression of TLR-2, MyD88 and NFΚB (p50/p105) was significantly increased in septic mice compared to shams and decreased in the lung of mice receiving LGG or BL while TLR-4 levels remained unchanged. Conclusions Treatment with LGG and BL can reduce lung injury following experimental infection and sepsis and is associated with reduced lung inflammatory cell infiltrate and decreased markers of lung inflammatory response. Probiotic therapy may be a promising intervention to improve clinical lung injury following systemic infection and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Khailova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Petrie
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christine H. Baird
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Dominguez Rieg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Wischmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nishio Y, Fujino M, Zhao M, Ishii T, Ishizuka M, Ito H, Takahashi K, Abe F, Nakajima M, Tanaka T, Taketani S, Nagahara Y, Li XK. 5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron enhances the expression of heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:300-7. [PMID: 24530569 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the naturally occurring metabolic precursor of heme. Heme negatively regulates the Maf recognition element (MARE) binding- and repressing-activity of the Bach1 transcription factor through its direct binding to Bach1. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the oxidative degradation of heme to free iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide. These metabolites of heme protect against apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of inflammation. Therefore, the regulation of inflammation in macrophages is an important target under various pathophysiological conditions. In order to address the question of what is responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of 5-ALA, the induction of HO-1 expression by 5-ALA and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) was examined in macrophage cell line (RAW264 cells). HO-1 expression induced by 5-ALA combined with SFC (5-ALA/SFC) was partially inhibited by MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK inhibitor. The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was activated and translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus in response to 5-ALA/SFC. Nrf2-specific siRNA reduced the HO-1 expression. In addition, 5-ALA/SFC increased the intracellular levels of heme in cells. The increased heme indicated that the inactivation of Bach1 by heme supports the upregulation of HO-1 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that the exposure of 5-ALA/SFC to RAW264 cells enhances the HO-1 expression via MAPK activation along with the negative regulation of Bach1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nishio
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Nagahara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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PD-L1 blockade attenuated sepsis-induced liver injury in a mouse cecal ligation and puncture model. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:361501. [PMID: 24324295 PMCID: PMC3844221 DOI: 10.1155/2013/361501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver plays a major role in hypermetabolism and produces acute phase proteins during systemic inflammatory response syndrome and it is of vital importance in host defense and bacteria clearance. Our previous studies indicated that programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are crucial modulators of host immune responses during sepsis. Our current study was designed to investigate the role of PD-L1 in sepsis-induced liver injury by a mouse cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Our results indicated that there was a significant increase of PD-L1 expression in liver after CLP challenge compared to sham-operated controls, in terms of levels of mRNA transcription and immunohistochemistry. Anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly alleviated the morphology of liver injury in CLP mice. Anti-PD-L1 antibody administration decreased ALT and AST release in CLP mice, decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 mRNA in liver after sepsis challenge. Thus, anti-PD-L1 antibody might have a therapeutic potential in attenuating liver injury in sepsis.
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Ulinastatin is a novel candidate drug for sepsis and secondary acute lung injury, evidence from an optimized CLP rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:799-807. [PMID: 24075864 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ulinastatin is a potent multivalent serine protease inhibitor, which was recently found with therapeutic potentials in treating sepsis, and the most life-threatening complication of critically ill population. However, the pharmacological features and possible mechanisms need to be further elucidated in reliable and clinical relevant sepsis models. As known, sepsis induced by surgery of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is widely accepted as the gold standard animal model, but the inconsistency of outcomes is the most obvious problem. In the present experiments, we reported an improved rat CLP model with much more consistent outcomes using self-made three edged puncture needles in our lab. Results from this optimized model revealed that ulinastatin improved survivals of CLP rats, attenuated proinflammatory response and prevented systemic disorder and organ dysfunction. Ulinastatin was also found to be effective in ameliorating sepsis-related ALI, a syndrome most frequent and fatal in sepsis. The molecular mechanism investigation showed that ulinastatin's protection against ALI was probably related to the down-regulation of NF-κB activity and inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and elastase expressions in the lung tissue. In conclusion, based on a successful establishment of optimized rat CLP model ulinastatin is proved to be an effective candidate for sepsis treatment, due to its anti-inflammation and anti-protease activities that ameliorate systemic disorders, prevent organ injuries and thus improve the survival outcomes of sepsis in animals.
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