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Kumar S, Chhabra V, Mehra M, K S, Kumar B H, Shenoy S, Swamy RS, Murti K, Pai KSR, Kumar N. The fluorosis conundrum: bridging the gap between science and public health. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:214-235. [PMID: 37921264 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2268722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis, a chronic condition brought on by excessive fluoride ingestion which, has drawn much scientific attention and public health concern. It is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of scientific research elucidating the causes, mechanisms, and prevention strategies for fluorosis, there remains a significant gap between scientific understanding and public health implementation. While the scientific community has made significant strides in understanding the etiology and prevention of fluorosis, effectively translating this knowledge into public health policies and practices remains challenging. This review explores the gap between scientific research on fluorosis and its practical implementation in public health initiatives. It suggests developing evidence-based guidelines for fluoride exposure and recommends comprehensive educational campaigns targeting the public and healthcare providers. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further research to fill the existing knowledge gaps and promote evidence-based decision-making. By fostering collaboration, communication, and evidence-based practices, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public can work together to implement preventive measures and mitigate the burden of fluorosis on affected communities. This review highlighted several vital strategies to bridge the gap between science and public health in the context of fluorosis. It emphasizes the importance of translating scientific evidence into actionable guidelines, raising public awareness about fluoride consumption, and promoting preventive measures at individual and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Vishal Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Manmeet Mehra
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saranya K
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Harish Kumar B
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
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Sharma P, Verma PK, Sood S, Yousuf R, Kumar A, Raina R, Shabbir MA, Bhat ZF. Protective Effect of Quercetin and Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) Extract against Dimethoate Potentiated Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091899. [PMID: 37174437 PMCID: PMC10177764 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the potential of quercetin and Zingiber officinale (ZO) Roscoe extract to alleviate the renal damage induced by dimethoate (DM) and fluoride (F-) alone and by their combined exposure in rats. A total of 54 adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated to nine groups (n = 6). A sub-lethal dose of DM (1/10th of the median lethal dose) was administered by oral gavage alone and along with F- (4.5 ppm, three-fold the permissible limit) in their drinking water continuously for 28 days. Chromatographical analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, curcumin, and other phytochemicals with strong antioxidant properties in ZO-rhizome extract. Severe changes were observed in the levels of the renal biomarkers and histoarchitecture after co-administration of the toxicants, indicating greater kidney damage. The administration of ZO extract (300 mg/kg) along with either or both toxicants led to a significant restoration of the biochemical markers and renal antioxidant profile and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Verma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Shilpa Sood
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Rasia Yousuf
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Quality Management and Instrumentation Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-Lab), Jammu 180016, India
| | - Rajinder Raina
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zuhaib F Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu 181102, India
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Lima LADO, Miranda GHN, Aragão WAB, Bittencourt LO, Dos Santos SM, de Souza MPC, Nogueira LS, de Oliveira EHC, Monteiro MC, Dionizio A, Leite AL, Pessan JP, Buzalaf MAR, Lima RR. Effects of Fluoride on Submandibular Glands of Mice: Changes in Oxidative Biochemistry, Proteomic Profile, and Genotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715394. [PMID: 34646132 PMCID: PMC8503261 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fluoride (F) is well-known to prevent dental caries, changes in cell processes in different tissues have been associated with its excessive exposure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of F exposure on biochemical, proteomic, and genotoxic parameters of submandibular glands. Twenty one old rats (n = 30) were allocated into three groups: 60 days administration of drinking water containing 10 mgF/L, 50 mgF/L, or only deionized water (control). The submandibular glands were collected for oxidative biochemistry, protein expression profile, and genotoxic potential analyses. The results showed that both F concentrations increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and changed the proteomic profile, mainly regarding the cytoskeleton and cellular activity. Only the exposure to 50 mgF/L induced significant changes in DNA integrity. These findings reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring of F concentration in drinking water and the need for strategies to minimize F intake from other sources to obtain maximum preventive/therapeutic effects and avoid potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sávio Monteiro Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Lygia S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Aline Lima Leite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Gong F, Zeng D, Zhu H, Qian Y, He L, Xia J, Cao Z. A solvent-assisted ESIPT fluorescent dye for F -/Ag + sensing and high-resolution imaging of the cilia in live cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6343-6353. [PMID: 34378069 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-assisted ESIPT fluorescent dye was synthesized and used as a probe (2-PPN) for the detection of F-/Ag+ and high-resolution imaging of the cilia in live cells. The developed ESIPT fluorophore exhibited strong tautomeric fluorescence in protic solvents and normal emission in aprotic solvents, which is a significant departure from that of conventional intramolecular ESIPT compounds. The H-binding interaction of F- and the chelation of Ag+ with the ESIPT module of 2-PPN resulted in significant tautomeric emission quenching. From this basis, the 2-PPN-based assays for the detection of F- and Ag+ were established. The detection limit for F- and Ag+ sensing is 2.4 nM and 1.5 nM, respectively. The selective experimental results showed that no tautomeric fluorescence change of 2-PPN could be observed in the presence of the other inorganic ions in the same medium, revealing high selectivity of 2-PPN to F- and Ag+. Furthermore, MTT assay experiments proved that the probe 2-PPN exhibited low cytotoxicity and good cell membrane permeability. The probe was also further successfully utilized to image the cilia in vitro MCF7 cells, displaying its high-resolution imaging performance.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Gong
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanming Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - You Qian
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhi He
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyun Xia
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Cao
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Onipe T, Edokpayi JN, Odiyo JO. Geochemical characterization and assessment of fluoride sources in groundwater of Siloam area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14000. [PMID: 34234224 PMCID: PMC8263625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Siloam’s groundwater is reportedly characterized by high fluoride. In response to the reported high incidence of dental fluorosis in the area, sources of elevated fluoride in the groundwater were investigated. Total fluoride (TF) was determined using Ion Chromatograph and Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode. The mineral composition of rocks and soils were determined using X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Results revealed that groundwater fluoride concentration ranged from 3.92 to 4.95 mg/L. Na-Cl water type was found to be dominant in the water samples. TF content of the rocks and soils ranged from 10 to 2000 mg/L. Leachates were obtained by making a slurry from the samples at a predetermined temperature and time. TF in leachates ranged between 0.27 and 14.88 mg/L and 0.05 to 10.40 mg/L at induced, and non-induced temperatures, respectively. The possible source of fluoride has been previously inferred to be caused by fluorite minerals occurring at greater depth. However, this study proves that fluoride decreases with depth and the elevated fluoride in the groundwater is caused by smectite-kaolinite clay, muscovite and chlorite minerals abundant in the area. Geothermal temperature exhibited by the groundwater in the area is a major factor enhancing the release of fluoride from the clay materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiloba Onipe
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Private bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Joshua N Edokpayi
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Private bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
| | - John O Odiyo
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Private bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.,DVC: RICl, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbiljpark, South Africa
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Revelo-Mejía IA, Hardisson A, Rubio C, Gutiérrez ÁJ, Paz S. Dental Fluorosis: the Risk of Misdiagnosis-a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1762-1770. [PMID: 32705431 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride has been considered as the single factor most frequently responsible for causing enamel mottling. However, in humans, either endogenous and/or exogenous factors not related to fluoride exposure may also cause enamel mottling. In this sense, various studies in the international literature have reported severe mottling of the teeth that could not be attributed to fluoride exposure. Thus, misdiagnosis of non-fluoride-induced enamel defects may occur frequently. Reports of unexpectedly high population prevalence and individual cases of fluorosis, where such diagnoses are irreconcilable with the identified fluoride history, highlight the necessity for a more precise definition and diagnosis of dental fluorosis. Also, a more discriminating diagnostic procedure is suggested. Particularly, positive identification of environmental fluoride levels to which the communities and individuals are exposed shall be developed before the confirmation of a diagnosis of fluorosis. It is considered that a more critical methodology for the diagnosis of fluorosis will be helpful in the rational use and control of fluorides for dental health, and in the identification of factors that may induce enamel defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés A Revelo-Mejía
- Faculty of Odontology, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Popayán, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Sun T, Hao S, Fan R, Qin M, Chen W, Wang P, Yang Y. Hydrophobicity-Adjustable MOF Constructs Superhydrophobic MOF-rGO Aerogel for Efficient Oil-Water Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56435-56444. [PMID: 33270430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate hydrophobicity adjustment of single-phase material is quite challenging and meaningful for water treatment. Here, a strategy combining crystal morphology regulation and post-synthetic modification is reported based on a novel metal-organic framework (MOF, Eu-bdo-COOH, H4bdo = 2,5-bis(3,5-dicarboxylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole). The hydrophobicity is regulated by crystal size and morphology regulation, and a rough microspherical MOF is successfully synthesized. Meanwhile, the obtained MOF microspheres exhibit high water, chemical, and thermal stability. The post-synthetic modification of alkyl chains achieves fine-tuning of hydrophobicity of MOF microspheres. The static water contact angles can controllably range from 43 to 142°, and the amylamine-modified MOF (AM) obtains the strongest hydrophobicity. In addition, a superhydrophobic aerogel is constructed with AM microspheres and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for efficient oil-water separation. The AM-rGO aerogel (AM-rGA) exhibits fast and efficient absorption of various oily substances from water, and the adsorption capacity of dibromoethane reaches up to 14,728 wt %. This outstanding oil adsorption capacity can maintain even beyond 50 cycles by the support of the stable aerogel. The strategy of morphology regulation and post-synthetic modification provides a broad approach for the hydrophobic adjustment of numerous MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Sue Hao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Qin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Onipe T, Edokpayi JN, Odiyo JO. A review on the potential sources and health implications of fluoride in groundwater of Sub-Saharan Africa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1078-1093. [PMID: 32525728 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1770516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a major source of drinking water for millions of people around the world. Over 400 million people in Africa depend solely on it as their main source of water supply. Fluoride is a common contaminant in groundwater. In low concentration (0.5-1.0 mg/L), fluoride is needed by humans for healthy development of bones and teeth, however, a concentration >1.5 mg/L has been linked with several fluorosis and non-fluorosis diseases. Dental and skeletal fluorosis are the major fluorosis diseases commonly reported with the consumption of fluoride-rich water. Although fluoride intake through other pathways such as the drinking of tea and eating of vegetables have been reported, the drinking of fluoride-rich water remains the major pathway of fluoride into humans. Cases of high fluoride levels in groundwater have been reported in almost all the sub-Saharan Africa region but it is more prevalent in East African countries, Sudan and South Africa. Although fluoride is present in surface water mostly in the East African Rift Valley across different countries in East Africa, its significant or high levels are usually associated with groundwater. Geogenic sources such as fluorite, apatite, biotite, amphibole, micas, topaz, cryolite, muscovite and fluorspar have been identified as the major sources of fluoride in groundwater. High fluoride levels have been reported across sub Saharan Africa, with generally higher levels in East Africa resulting from the volcanic activities in the rift system. Dental fluorosis has been reported in many sub-Saharan African countries including South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana and Malawi. Geothermal temperature has been regarded as one of the driving forces for high fluoride levels recorded in groundwater from deep aquifers and geothermal springs. The most affected people with the consumption of fluoride-rich water are the poor with low socioeconomic status who live in rural areas. Some of the proposed alternative sources include rainwater and fog water harvesting and blending of water from various sources. Low-cost and sustainable deflouridation technique remains one of the best ways to treat fluoride contaminated water either at communal level or at the point-of-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiloba Onipe
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Joshua N Edokpayi
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - John O Odiyo
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Jana L, Maity PP, Perveen H, Dash M, Jana S, Dey A, De SK, Chattopadhyay S. Attenuation of utero-toxicity, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation by soy protein concentrate in rats exposed to fluoridated water: consequence of hyperlipidemia in parallel with hypohomocysteinemia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36462-36473. [PMID: 30374712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation and ROS generation are the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity, and its detrimental effects on human reproduction are noted drastically. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the defensive effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced uterine dysfunction at biochemical and histological level. Rats were randomly distributed into four groups as control, NaF-treated (200 ppm), and SPC co-administered groups (20 mg and 40 mg/ 100 g body weight) for 16 days. SPC reversed the toxic effects of NaF. SPC significantly ameliorated the NaF-induced alterations of the antioxidant system in the uterus by decreasing lipid peroxidation products and by increasing antioxidant activities. SPC significantly counteracted the adverse effects of NaF on serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Our results also explored that lipid profile was meaningfully altered due to NaF and also focused a diminution of circulating homocysteine (Hcy) and altered lipid profiles along with a diminished quantity of serum B12 and B9. However, both the doses of SPC reverted back serum levels of B12, B9, and Hcy status in similar fashion along with its corrective action on lipid profile. NaF-treated group exhibited a marked degree of reduction in the weights of ovary and uterus with an alteration of normal tissue histology and significant diminution in serum estradiol (ES) levels without fluctuating uterine estradiol receptor-α (ER-α). However, SPC restored the normal tissue histoarchitecture and also increased the functional efficiency and expression of the ER-α receptor by overturning the ES levels in NaF-treated rats. Moreover, both the doses of SPC were effective against NaF-induced alterations, although 40 mg SPC/100 g body weight had better efficacy in ameliorating the NaF-induced adverse effects on the uterus and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipirani Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Pikash Pratim Maity
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Hasina Perveen
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Moumita Dash
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Suryashis Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Arindam Dey
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Subrata Kumar De
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
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10
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Azab AE, Albasha MO, Jbireal JM, Adwas AA. Sodium Fluoride Induces Hepato-Renal Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiological Changes in Experimental Animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ojapo.2018.71001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Rango T, Vengosh A, Jeuland M, Whitford GM, Tekle-Haimanot R. Biomarkers of chronic fluoride exposure in groundwater in a highly exposed population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:1-11. [PMID: 28411405 PMCID: PMC5528157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relation between fluoride (F-) concentrations in fingernail clippings and urine and the prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis (EF) among Ethiopian Rift Valley populations exposed to high levels of F- in drinking water. The utility of fingernail clippings as a biomarker for F- exposure and EF was also assessed for the first time in a high-F- region. The study recorded the EF status of 386 individuals (10 to 50years old), who consume naturally contaminated groundwater with widely varying F- concentration (0.6-15mg/L). The mean F- concentrations among residents of communities with primary reliance on groundwater were 5.1mg/kg (range: 0.5-34mg/kg) in fingernails and 8.9mg/L (range: 0.44-34mg/L) in urine. We show strong positive correlations between F- in drinking water and 12-hour urinary excretion (r=0.74, p<0.001, n=287), fingernail F- content (r=0.6, p<0.001, n=258), and mean individual measures of EF severity as measured using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF) Index (r=0.42, p<0.001, n=316). The data indicate that both fingernail and urine measures are good biomarkers for F- exposure and EF outcomes, the latter being slightly more sensitive. Cases of moderate/severe EF were significantly more common among younger subjects (10 to 15years old) than older subjects (mostly >25years old) (p<0.001), consistent with their greater exposure to F- during early childhood, which is the only period of life the enamel is at risk of fluorosis. In this younger population, EF may be useful as a biomarker for identifying individuals with other potential health effects that depend on a specific age window of susceptibility. The finding of exceptionally high F- concentrations in water, fingernail clippings and urine in this region should motivate further investigations of other potential health consequences such as bone disease and abnormalities in the function of the neurological and endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Rango
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marc Jeuland
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Water Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gary M Whitford
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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12
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Corrigendum to “Physiologic Conditions Affect Toxicity of Ingested Industrial Fluoride”. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMID: 28638415 PMCID: PMC5468571 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4239182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Suzuki M, Bandoski C, Bartlett JD. Fluoride induces oxidative damage and SIRT1/autophagy through ROS-mediated JNK signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:369-78. [PMID: 26431905 PMCID: PMC4684823 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is an effective caries prophylactic, but at high doses can also be an environmental health hazard. Acute or chronic exposure to high fluoride doses can result in dental enamel and skeletal and soft tissue fluorosis. Dental fluorosis is manifested as mottled, discolored, porous enamel that is susceptible to dental caries. Fluoride induces cell stress, including endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress, which leads to impairment of ameloblasts responsible for dental enamel formation. Recently we reported that fluoride activates SIRT1 and autophagy as an adaptive response to protect cells from stress. However, it still remains unclear how SIRT1/autophagy is regulated in dental fluorosis. In this study, we demonstrate that fluoride exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting oxidative damage is counteracted by SIRT1/autophagy induction through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in ameloblasts. In the mouse-ameloblast-derived cell line LS8, fluoride induced ROS, mitochondrial damage including cytochrome-c release, up-regulation of UCP2, attenuation of ATP synthesis, and H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX), which is a marker of DNA damage. We evaluated the effects of the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 on fluoride-induced SIRT1/autophagy activation. NAC decreased fluoride-induced ROS generation and attenuated JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation. NAC decreased SIRT1 phosphorylation and formation of the autophagy marker LC3II, which resulted in an increase in the apoptosis mediators γH2AX and cleaved/activated caspase-3. SP600125 attenuated fluoride-induced SIRT1 phosphorylation, indicating that fluoride activates SIRT1/autophagy via the ROS-mediated JNK pathway. In enamel organs from rats or mice treated with 50, 100, or 125 ppm fluoride for 6 weeks, cytochrome-c release and the DNA damage markers 8-oxoguanine, p-ATM, and γH2AX were increased compared to those in controls (0 ppm fluoride). These results suggest that fluoride-induced ROS generation causes mitochondrial damage and DNA damage, which may lead to impairment of ameloblast function. To counteract this impairment, SIRT1/autophagy is induced via JNK signaling to protect cells/ameloblasts from fluoride-induced oxidative damage that may cause dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Suzuki
- Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, The Forsyth Institute & Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA
| | - Cheryl Bandoski
- Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, The Forsyth Institute & Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA
| | - John D Bartlett
- Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, The Forsyth Institute & Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA.
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14
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Broadbent JM, Wills R, McMillan J, Drummond BK, Whyman R. Evaluation of evidence behind some recent claims against community water fluoridation in New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2015.1056193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Water fluoridation: a critical review of the physiological effects of ingested fluoride as a public health intervention. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:293019. [PMID: 24719570 PMCID: PMC3956646 DOI: 10.1155/2014/293019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorine is the world's 13th most abundant element and constitutes 0.08% of the Earth crust. It has the highest electronegativity of all elements. Fluoride is widely distributed in the environment, occurring in the air, soils, rocks, and water. Although fluoride is used industrially in a fluorine compound, the manufacture of ceramics, pesticides, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, glassware, and Teflon cookware, it is a generally unwanted byproduct of aluminium, fertilizer, and iron ore manufacture. The medicinal use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries began in January 1945 when community water supplies in Grand Rapids, United States, were fluoridated to a level of 1 ppm as a dental caries prevention measure. However, water fluoridation remains a controversial public health measure. This paper reviews the human health effects of fluoride. The authors conclude that available evidence suggests that fluoride has a potential to cause major adverse human health problems, while having only a modest dental caries prevention effect. As part of efforts to reduce hazardous fluoride ingestion, the practice of artificial water fluoridation should be reconsidered globally, while industrial safety measures need to be tightened in order to reduce unethical discharge of fluoride compounds into the environment. Public health approaches for global dental caries reduction that do not involve systemic ingestion of fluoride are urgently needed.
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