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Zhang L, Fang Z, Zhu Q, Yang S, Fu J, Sun Z, Lu G, Wei C, Zhang Z, Lee K, Zhong Y, Liu R, He JC. Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating ADP Ribosylation Factor 4. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309642. [PMID: 38816950 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), an enzyme involved in cholesterol metabolism, regulates inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. However, its role in kidney disease is not known. The author found that CH25H transcript is expressed mostly in glomerular and peritubular endothelial cells and that its expression increased in human and mouse diabetic kidneys. Global deletion of Ch25h in Leprdb/db mice aggravated diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is associated with increased endothelial cell apoptosis. Treatment of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), the product of CH25H, alleviated kidney injury in Leprdb/db mice. Mechanistically, 25-HC binds to GTP-binding protein ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4), an essential protein required for maintaining protein transport in the Golgi apparatus. Interestingly, ARF4's GTPase-activating protein ASAP1 is also predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and its expression increased in DKD. Suppression of ARF4 activity by deleting ARF4 or overexpressing ASAP1 results in endothelial cell death. These results indicate that 25-HC binds ARF4 to inhibit its interaction with ASAP1, and thereby resulting in enhanced ARF4 activity to confer renoprotection. Therefore, treatment of 25-HC improves kidney injury in DKD in part by restoring ARF4 activity to maintain endothelial cell survival. This study provides a novel mechanism and a potential new therapy for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - Zhengying Fang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - Shumin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - Geming Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Département de Génétique Laboratoire national de santé Dudelange, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, Box 1243, USA
- Renal Section, James J Peter Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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Ovchinnikov A, Potekhina A, Arefieva T, Filatova A, Ageev F, Belyavskiy E. Use of Statins in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4958. [PMID: 38732177 PMCID: PMC11084261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction are essential pathophysiological factors in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that support the use of statins. The pleiotropic properties of statins, such as anti-inflammatory, antihypertrophic, antifibrotic, and antioxidant effects, are generally accepted and may be beneficial in HF, especially in HFpEF. Numerous observational clinical trials have consistently shown a beneficial prognostic effect of statins in patients with HFpEF, while the results of two larger trials in patients with HFrEF have been controversial. Such differences may be related to a more pronounced impact of the pleiotropic properties of statins on the pathophysiology of HFpEF and pro-inflammatory comorbidities (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic kidney disease) that are more common in HFpEF. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of statin action that may be beneficial for patients with HFpEF, as well as clinical trials that have evaluated the statin effects on left ventricular diastolic function and clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.F.)
- Department of Clinical Functional Diagnostics, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya St., 20, p. 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Potekhina
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Tatiana Arefieva
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Filatova
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.F.)
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Fail Ageev
- Out-Patient Department, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeny Belyavskiy
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum des Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
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Han YZ, Du BX, Zhu XY, Wang YZY, Zheng HJ, Liu WJ. Lipid metabolism disorder in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336402. [PMID: 38742197 PMCID: PMC11089115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a significant complication associated with diabetes mellitus, presents limited treatment options. The progression of DKD is marked by substantial lipid disturbances, including alterations in triglycerides, cholesterol, sphingolipids, phospholipids, lipid droplets, and bile acids (BAs). Altered lipid metabolism serves as a crucial pathogenic mechanism in DKD, potentially intertwined with cellular ferroptosis, lipophagy, lipid metabolism reprogramming, and immune modulation of gut microbiota (thus impacting the liver-kidney axis). The elucidation of these mechanisms opens new potential therapeutic pathways for DKD management. This research explores the link between lipid metabolism disruptions and DKD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Han
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Xuan Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Zhi-Yuan Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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4
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Mitrofanova A, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Kidney lipid dysmetabolism and lipid droplet accumulation in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:629-645. [PMID: 37500941 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with rising incidence and prevalence. Among several pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for disease progression, lipid accumulation in the kidney parenchyma might drive inflammation and fibrosis, as has been described in fatty liver diseases. Lipids and their metabolites have several important structural and functional roles, as they are constituents of cell and organelle membranes, serve as signalling molecules and are used for energy production. However, although lipids can be stored in lipid droplets to maintain lipid homeostasis, lipid accumulation can become pathogenic. Understanding the mechanisms linking kidney parenchymal lipid accumulation to CKD of metabolic or non-metabolic origin is challenging, owing to the tremendous variety of lipid species and their functional diversity across different parenchymal cells. Nonetheless, multiple research reports have begun to emphasize the effect of dysregulated kidney lipid metabolism in CKD progression. For example, altered cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism contribute to glomerular and tubular cell injury. Newly developed lipid-targeting agents are being tested in clinical trials in CKD, raising expectations for further therapeutic development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Njeim R, Alkhansa S, Fornoni A. Unraveling the Crosstalk between Lipids and NADPH Oxidases in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051360. [PMID: 37242602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Abnormal lipid metabolism and intrarenal accumulation of lipids have been shown to be strongly correlated with the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, fatty acids, and sphingolipids are among the lipids that are altered in DKD, and their renal accumulation has been linked to the pathogenesis of the disease. In addition, NADPH oxidase-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the development of DKD. Several types of lipids have been found to be tightly linked to NADPH oxidase-induced ROS production. This review aims to explore the interplay between lipids and NADPH oxidases in order to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DKD and identify more effective targeted therapies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sahar Alkhansa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Zivkovic S, Maric G, Cvetinovic N, Lepojevic-Stefanovic D, Bozic Cvijan B. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Supplements-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061517. [PMID: 36986246 PMCID: PMC10053759 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Since the establishment of the "lipid hypothesis", according to which, cholesterol level is directly correlated to the risk of CVD, many different lipid-lowering agents have been introduced in clinical practice. A majority of these drugs, in addition to their lipid-lowering properties, may also exhibit some anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. This hypothesis was based on the observation that a decrease in lipid levels occurs along with a decrease in inflammation. Insufficient reduction in the inflammation during treatment with lipid-lowering drugs could be one of the explanations for treatment failure and recurrent CVD events. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of currently available lipid-lowering medications including statins, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants (BAS), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and niacin, as well as dietary supplements and novel drugs used in modern times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zivkovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Zvezdara University Medical Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorica Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Cvetinovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, University Medical Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bojana Bozic Cvijan
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Chifiriuc MC, Picu A, Petcu LM, Trandafir M, Savu O. Snapshot into the Type-2-Diabetes-Associated Microbiome of a Romanian Cohort. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315023. [PMID: 36499348 PMCID: PMC9741184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is alarmingly increasing worldwide, urgently calling for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in order to step up prevention and improve therapeutic approaches. It is becoming evident that the gut microbiota seem to have an endless capacity to impact T2D. In this study, we profile the gut microbiome patterns in T2D patients from Romania, by using quantitative Real-Time PCR and next generation sequencing. We enrolled a total of 150 individuals (105 T2D patients, 50 of them without metformin treatment and 45 healthy volunteers). The levels of potentially beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria were significantly reduced, while potentially pathogenic microorganisms such as Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium were enriched in T2D patients. We evaluated the correlation between clinical parameters and gut microbiota and identified the genera Bacteroides, Alistipes, Dialister, Bilophila and Sutterella as possible detrimental factors in T2D. Our findings suggest that the gut microbiota may be a potential target in novel approaches to halt the development of T2D-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Picu
- “N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (L.M.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Laura Madalina Petcu
- “N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (L.M.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Maria Trandafir
- Department of Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 5th District, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Octavian Savu
- “N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (L.M.P.); (O.S.)
- Department of Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 5th District, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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Hagmann H, Khayyat NH, Oezel C, Papadakis A, Kuczkowski A, Benzing T, Gulbins E, Dryer S, Brinkkoetter PT. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) Deficiency Reproduces Lipid Alterations of Diabetic and Inflammatory Glomerular Disease and Affects TRPC6 Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223625. [PMID: 36429053 PMCID: PMC9688324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and inflammatory diseases are associated with an altered cellular lipid composition due to lipid peroxidation. The pathogenic potential of these lipid alterations in glomerular kidney diseases remains largely obscure as suitable cell culture and animal models are lacking. In glomerular disease, a loss of terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells called podocytes refers to irreversible damage. Podocytes are characterized by a complex ramified cellular architecture and highly active transmembrane signaling. Alterations in lipid composition in states of disease have been described in podocytes but the pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating podocyte damage are unclear. In this study, we employ a genetic deletion of the anti-oxidative, lipid-modifying paraoxonase 2 enzyme (PON2) as a model to study altered cellular lipid composition and its effects on cellular signaling in glomerular disease. PON2 deficiency reproduces features of an altered lipid composition of glomerular disease, characterized by an increase in ceramides and cholesterol. PON2 knockout mice are more susceptible to glomerular damage in models of aggravated oxidative stress such as adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Voltage clamp experiments in cultured podocytes reveal a largely increased TRPC6 conductance after a membrane stretch in PON2 deficiency. Correspondingly, a concomitant knockout of TRPC6 and PON2 partially rescues the aggravated glomerular phenotype of a PON2 knockout in the adriamycin model. This study establishes PON2 deficiency as a model to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of podocyte dysfunction related to alterations in the lipid composition, as seen in diabetic and inflammatory glomerular disease. Expanding the knowledge on these routes and options of intervention could lead to novel treatment strategies for glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Cem Oezel
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonios Papadakis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuczkowski
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Sun H, Chen J, Hua Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. New insights into the role of empagliflozin on diabetic renal tubular lipid accumulation. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:121. [PMID: 35999610 PMCID: PMC9396853 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 suppression provides potent renal protective effect during diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This work aimed to explore how empagliflozin (EMPA, the selective and strong inhibitor of SGLT2) affected renal lipid deposition among patients undergoing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a T2DM mouse model and human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. METHODS This work divided subjects as 3 groups: non-diabetic volunteers, patients treated with metformin and those treated with metformin plus EMPA. In an in vivo study, EMPA was adopted for treating db/db mice that were raised with the basal diet or the high-advanced glycation end products (AGEs) diet. In addition, AGEs and/or EMPA was utilized to treat HK-2 cells in vitro. RESULTS Results showed that diabetic patients treated with metformin plus EMPA had lower AGEs levels and renal fat fraction (RFF) than those treated with metformin. Moreover, a significant and positive association was found between AGEs and RFF. Results from the basic study showed that EMPA decreased cholesterol level, tubular lipid droplets, and protein levels related to cholesterol metabolism in AGEs-mediated HK-2 cells, kidneys of db/db mice and those fed with the high-AGEs diet. Additionally, EMPA decreased AGEs levels in serum while inhibiting the expression of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION EMPA inhibited the AGEs-RAGE pathway, thereby alleviating diabetic renal tubular cholesterol accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Hua
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Li Y, Ou S, Liu Q, Gan L, Zhang L, Wang Y, Qin J, Liu J, Wu W. Genistein improves mitochondrial function and inflammatory in rats with diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370601. [PMID: 35976278 PMCID: PMC9377651 DOI: 10.1590/acb370601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of genistein on inflammation and mitochondrial function of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Diabetic nephropathy model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats. Automatic biochemical analyzer was employed to detect the kidney function index, serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, and 24 h-urine protein and blood glucose. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid Schiff staining were used to observe renal morphology. Mitochondrial changes and podocyte integrity were monitored by transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of mfn2, NOX4, P53, MAPK, and NF-κB were detected by Western blotting. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by JC-1. The level of mfn2 was assessed by immunofluorescence assay. Results: Genistein ameliorated the kidney function with reduced Scr and blood glucose. The expressions of NOX4, MAPK, p65 and p53 were downregulated, while the expression of mnf2 was the opposite in genistein-treated kidneys. Further investigations revealed that genistein reduced expansion of mesangial matrix and oxidative stress, protected podocyte integrity and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusions: Genistein could alleviate diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathway, improving mitochondrial function and anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
| | - Santao Ou
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
| | - Linwang Gan
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
| | - Liling Zhang
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- MD. SiChuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy - Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Department of Nephrology - Luzhou, China
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11
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Wang K, Hu H, Tian Y, Li J, Scheben A, Zhang C, Li Y, Wu J, Yang L, Fan X, Sun G, Li D, Zhang Y, Han R, Jiang R, Huang H, Yan F, Wang Y, Li Z, Li G, Liu X, Li W, Edwards D, Kang X. The chicken pan-genome reveals gene content variation and a promoter region deletion in IGF2BP1 affecting body size. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:5066-5081. [PMID: 34329477 PMCID: PMC8557422 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestication and breeding have reshaped the genomic architecture of chicken, but the retention and loss of genomic elements during these evolutionary processes remain unclear. We present the first chicken pan-genome constructed using 664 individuals, which identified an additional ∼66.5 Mb sequences that are absent from the reference genome (GRCg6a). The constructed pan-genome encoded 20,491 predicated protein-coding genes, of which higher expression level are observed in conserved genes relative to dispensable genes. Presence/absence variation (PAV) analyses demonstrated that gene PAV in chicken was shaped by selection, genetic drift, and hybridization. PAV-based GWAS identified numerous candidate mutations related to growth, carcass composition, meat quality, or physiological traits. Among them, a deletion in the promoter region of IGF2BP1 affecting chicken body size is reported, which is supported by functional studies and extra samples. This is the first time to report the causal variant of chicken body size QTL located at chromosome 27 which was repeatedly reported. Therefore, the chicken pan-genome is a useful resource for biological discovery and breeding. It improves our understanding of chicken genome diversity and provides materials to unveil the evolution history of chicken domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haifei Hu
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Armin Scheben
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuewei Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hetian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Henan Key laboratory for innovation and utilization of chicken germplasm resources,Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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12
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Mitrofanova A, Burke G, Merscher S, Fornoni A. New insights into renal lipid dysmetabolism in diabetic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:524-540. [PMID: 33995842 PMCID: PMC8107981 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid dysmetabolism is one of the main features of diabetes mellitus and manifests by dyslipidemia as well as the ectopic accumulation of lipids in various tissues and organs, including the kidney. Research suggests that impaired cholesterol metabolism, increased lipid uptake or synthesis, increased fatty acid oxidation, lipid droplet accumulation and an imbalance in biologically active sphingolipids (such as ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate) contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Currently, the literature suggests that both quality and quantity of lipids are associated with DKD and contribute to increased reactive oxygen species production, oxidative stress, inflammation, or cell death. Therefore, control of renal lipid dysmetabolism is a very important therapeutic goal, which needs to be archived. This article will review some of the recent advances leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of dyslipidemia and the role of particular lipids and sphingolipids in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - George Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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13
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Prince MRU, Zihad SMNK, Ghosh P, Sifat N, Rouf R, Al Shajib GM, Alam MA, Shilpi JA, Uddin SJ. Amaranthus spinosus Attenuated Obesity-Induced Metabolic Disorders in High-Carbohydrate-High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:653918. [PMID: 34041259 PMCID: PMC8142894 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.653918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus spinosus is a common vegetable of Bangladesh and well-known for its ethnomedicinal uses. In this study, we have evaluated the ability of powdered supplementation, methanol extract, and aqueous extract of A. spinosus in attenuating in high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF) diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic disorders in female obese rates. Several parameters have been analyzed in this study including body weight, organ weight, fat deposition, glycemic status, lipid levels, hepatic and renal biomarkers, hepatic antioxidant status, and hepatosteatosis. All three samples of A. spinosus significantly reduced weight gain, organ weight, and abdominal fat deposition. Improved glucose tolerance and lipid parameters were seen in obese rats administered with A. spinosus powder, methanol extract, and aqueous extract. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine kinase levels were normalized by the test samples. A. spinosus boosted hepatic antioxidant levels including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Histopathology of liver tissue revealed increased fat infiltration and higher steatosis score in HCHF diet-fed obese rats which was brought down by A. spinosus. Analyzing all the results it can be concluded that this medicinal herb is beneficial in the management of obesity and obesity-induced metabolic disorders, making it a prospective food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. M. Neamul Kabir Zihad
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Nazifa Sifat
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Razina Rouf
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gazi Mohammad Al Shajib
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh J. Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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14
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Interference of S100A16 suppresses lipid accumulation and inflammation in high glucose-induced HK-2 cells. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:1255-1263. [PMID: 33389513 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetic mellitus and usually leads to the end-stage renal disease. Inflammation-induced lipid disorders have been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN. S100A16 is a novel adipogenic factor, but has not been investigated in DN. This study aims to explore the role of S100A16 in high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells. METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. Cell transfection was performed to knockdown S100A16. Oil red staining was performed to assay lipid accumulation. qRT-PCR and western blotting were conducted to examine corresponding gene expression. Intracellular cholesterol was determined by enzymatic assay. Inflammatory cytokines production was measured using ELISA kits. RESULTS The results exhibited lipid accumulation and upregulation of S100A16 in HG-induced HK-2 cells. S100A16 knockdown significantly reduced lipid droplets and cholesterol, and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by HG. Besides, S100A16 knockdown decreased the expression of SCAP, SREBP1, SCD1 and SCAP. However, the inhibitory effect in HG-induced HK-2 cells made by S100A16 was reversed by SREBP1 overexpression. CONCLUSION These results suggested that S100A16 knockdown might protect against HG-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in HK-2 cells through regulating SCAP/SREBP1 signaling.
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15
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Chen W, Zhang M, Guo Y, Wang Z, Liu Q, Yan R, Wang Y, Wu Q, Yuan K, Sun W. The Profile and Function of Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4283-4296. [PMID: 34703261 PMCID: PMC8541750 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s320169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the homeostasis of immune and metabolic systems. Although previous studies have revealed the correlation between gut microbiota and various diseases, the function between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been discovered distinctly. In this study, we tried to investigate the profile and function of gut microbiota in DN. METHODS A total of 100 people were enrolled in this study. Twenty were healthy people, 20 were diabetes patients, and 60 were DN patients. The DN patients were divided into three stages including stage III, IV, and V. We conducted taxonomic analyses in different groups. The distributions of phyla, classes, orders, families, and genera in different groups and samples were investigated. We also evaluated the correlations between clinical parameters and gut microbiota in 60 DN patients. RESULTS The gut microbiota in the healthy group, diabetes group, and DN group had 1764 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in total. The healthy group had 1034 OTUs, the diabetes group had 899 OTUs, and the DN group had 1602 OTUs. The diversity of gut microbiota in the stage III DN group was smaller than that in the other groups. 24-h urinary protein was positively correlated with Alistipes and Subdoligranulum, cholesterol was positively correlated with Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated with Ruminococcus torques group. DISCUSSION The gut microbiota might play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of DN. A change in gut microbiota diversity is correlated with disease progression. Some kinds of gut microbiota including Alistipes, Bacteroides, Subdoligranulum, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus torques group might be detrimental factors in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runze Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoru Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kai Yuan; Weiwei Sun Email ;
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Yang M, Han Y, Luo S, Xiong X, Zhu X, Zhao H, Jiang N, Xiao Y, Wei L, Li C, Yang J, Sun L. MAMs Protect Against Ectopic Fat Deposition and Lipid-Related Kidney Damage in DN Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:609580. [PMID: 33679616 PMCID: PMC7933555 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.609580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat deposition (EFD) in the kidney plays a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are structures that connect to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are involved in lipid metabolism. However, there are few studies on MAMs in the field of kidney disease, and the relationship between EFD and MAMs in DN is still unclear. In this study, increased EFD in the kidneys of DN patients was observed, and analysis showed that the degree of EFD was positively correlated with renal damage. Then, the MAMs were quantified by an in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). The MAMs in the kidneys were found to gradually decrease through the different stages of DN, while the expression of ADRP (a marker of lipid droplets) and tubulointerstitial damage increased. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that the MAMs were negatively correlated with serum lipid levels, the EFD in the kidney and renal damage. Finally, we observed decreased expression of MAM-control proteins (DsbA-L, PACS-2, and MFN-2) in different stages of DN and they were associated with lipid deposition and renal damage. These data showed that the destruction of MAMs in DN might be the cause of EFD and interstitial damage in the kidney.
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17
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Feldt M, Menard J, Rosendahl AH, Lettiero B, Bendahl PO, Belting M, Borgquist S. The effect of statin treatment on intratumoral cholesterol levels and LDL receptor expression: a window-of-opportunity breast cancer trial. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:25. [PMID: 33292612 PMCID: PMC7682108 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulated lipid metabolism is common in cancer cells and the mevalonate pathway, which synthesizes cholesterol, is central in lipid metabolism. This study aimed to assess statin-induced changes of the intratumoral levels of cholesterol and the expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) to enhance our understanding of the role of the mevalonate pathway in cancer cholesterol metabolism. Methods This study is based on a phase II clinical trial designed as a window-of-opportunity trial including 50 breast cancer patients treated with 80 mg of atorvastatin/day for 2 weeks, between the time of diagnosis and breast surgery. Lipids were extracted from frozen tumor tissue sampled pre- and post-atorvastatin treatment. Intratumoral cholesterol levels were measured using a fluorometric quantitation assay. LDLR expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue. Paired blood samples pre- and post-atorvastatin were analyzed for circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B. In vitro experiments on MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with atorvastatin were performed for comparison on the cellular level. Results In the trial, 42 patients completed all study parts. From the paired tumor tissue samples, assessment of the cholesterol levels was achievable for 14 tumors, and for the LDLR expression in 24 tumors. Following atorvastatin treatment, the expression of LDLR was significantly increased (P = 0.004), while the intratumoral levels of total cholesterol remained stable. A positive association between intratumoral cholesterol levels and tumor proliferation measured by Ki-67 expression was found. In agreement with the clinical findings, results from in vitro experiments showed no significant changes of the intracellular cholesterol levels after atorvastatin treatment while increased expression of the LDLR was found, although not reaching statistical significance. Conclusions This study shows an upregulation of LDLR and preserved intratumoral cholesterol levels in breast cancer patients treated with statins. Together with previous findings on the anti-proliferative effect of statins in breast cancer, the present data suggest a potential role for LDLR in the statin-induced regulation of breast cancer cell proliferation. Trial registration The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (i.e., ID number: NCT00816244, NIH), December 30, 2008. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-020-00231-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Feldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Julien Menard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann H Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbara Lettiero
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Ayinde KS, Olaoba OT, Ibrahim B, Lei D, Lu Q, Yin X, Adelusi TI. AMPK allostery: A therapeutic target for the management/treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2020; 261:118455. [PMID: 32956662 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with approximately 30-40% of patients with DM developing nephropathy, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases and diabetic morbidity. The pathogenesis of DN is primarily associated with irregularities in the metabolism of glucose and lipid leading to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, which has been a major target together with blood pressure regulation in the control of DN progression. However, the regulation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved protein kinase for maintaining energy balance and cellular growth and repair has been implicated in the development of DM and its complications. Therefore, targeting AMPK pathway has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes and its complication, although most of the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the structure of AMPK relevant to understanding its allosteric regulation and its role in the pathogenesis and progression of DN. We also identify therapeutic agents that modulate AMPK and its downstream targets with their specific mechanisms of action in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olamide Tosin Olaoba
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Boyenle Ibrahim
- Computational Biology/Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Du Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Computational Biology/Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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19
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Dorotea D, Koya D, Ha H. Recent Insights Into SREBP as a Direct Mediator of Kidney Fibrosis via Lipid-Independent Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:265. [PMID: 32256356 PMCID: PMC7092724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs) are classical regulators of cellular lipid metabolism in the kidney and other tissues. SREBPs are currently recognized as versatile transcription factors involved in a myriad of cellular processes. Meanwhile, SREBPs have been recognized to mediate lipotoxicity, contributing to the progression of kidney diseases. SREBP1 has been shown to bind to the promoter region of TGFβ, a major pro-fibrotic signaling mechanism in the kidney. Conversely, TGFβ activates SREBP1 transcriptional activity suggesting a positive feedback loop of SREBP1 in TGFβ signaling. Public ChIP-seq data revealed numerous non-lipid transcriptional targets of SREBPs that plausibly play roles in progressive kidney disease and fibrosis. This review provides new insights into SREBP as a mediator of kidney fibrosis via lipid-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Dorotea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to review the role that renal parenchymal lipid accumulation plays in contributing to diabetic kidney disease (DKD), specifically contributing to the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in glomerular renal cells in the context of DKD development and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in experimental and clinical DKD. Recently, Ayanga et al. demonstrate that podocyte-specific deletion of a protein involved in mitochondrial dynamics protects from DKD progression. Furthermore, our group has recently shown that ATP-binding cassette A1 (a protein involved in cholesterol and phospholipid efflux) is significantly reduced in clinical and experimental DKD and that genetic or pharmacological induction of ABCA1 is sufficient to protect from DKD. ABCA1 deficiency in podocytes leads to mitochondrial dysfunction observed with alterations of mitochondrial lipids, in particular, cardiolipin (a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid). However, through pharmacological reduction of cardiolipin peroxidation DKD progression is reverted. Lipid metabolism is significantly altered in the diabetic kidney and renders cellular components, such as the podocyte, susceptible to injury leading to worsened DKD progression. Dysfunction of the lipid metabolism pathway can also lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial lipid alteration. Future research aimed at targeting mitochondrial lipids content and function could prove to be beneficial for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michelle Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Jiang X, Yu J, Wang X, Ge J, Li N. Quercetin improves lipid metabolism via SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr signaling pathway in early stage diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:827-839. [PMID: 31239739 PMCID: PMC6554005 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s195456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Quercetin, the most widely distributed flavonoid, has been shown to have multiple properties and beneficial effects on various metabolic diseases. Thus, our aim was to investigate the underlying mechanism whereby quercetin regulates renal lipid accumulation and ameliorates early diabetic renal injuries in Leprdb/Leprdb (db/db) mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Methods: db/db mice were administered either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg quercetin by oral gavage once a day to evaluate its effects on early stage diabetic nephropathy; mice were sacrificed at the end of the 10th week after intervention; a similar number of db/db and db/m mice were used as controls. During the experimental study, the general status of the animals was observed daily; body weight and blood glucose concentrations were measured at bi-weekly intervals. Biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Renal function parameters were performed using commercial kits. Early renal histological changes and lipid accumulation were demonstrated by H&E staining and Oil-Red-O staining, respectively. Moreover, the expression of key proteins in the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLr)-SREBP-2-SREBP cSCAP signaling pathway in the kidneys of diabetic mice was detected by Western blot assay. Results: Compared with diabetic controls, quercetin not only ameliorated albuminuria and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, but also decreased blood urea nitrogen and glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas it had no remarkable effect on the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic db/db mice. Additionally, the evidently down regulated expression of LDLr, HMGCR, SREBP-2, and SCAP subsequently attenuated the renal lipid profile change and lipid droplet accumulation, resulting in the alleviation of renal injury of db/db mice. Conclusion: Quercetin safely and efficiently alleviates early diabetic renal injuries, possibly through improving the lipid metabolism via SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu210029, People’s Republic of China
- Eodocrinology Department, KunShan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ge
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu210029, People’s Republic of China
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Xu M, Jiang F, Li B, Zhang Z. 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 alleviates high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in rat renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting SREBPs. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15211-15221. [PMID: 31020705 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is a vital event in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2 D3 ) is considered to have a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy. However, it remains unclear whether 1α,25(OH)2 D3 can inhibit lipid accumulation, and the potential mechanisms responsible for lipid metabolism are incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 1α,25(OH)2 D3 on lipid metabolism in high glucose-exposed rat renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells. Results indicated that high glucose-enhanced lipid accumulation in NRK-52E cells and 1α,25(OH)2 D3 can remarkably decrease high glucose-induced lipid accumulation. Western blot showed that 1α,25(OH)2 D3 alleviated high glucose-induced upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and SREBP2, along with their established target genes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductases (HMGCR). Overall, these findings suggest that 1α,25(OH)2 D3 downregulated the expressions of SREBPs to inhibit high glucose-induced lipid accumulation, which provides new sights into the protective effects of 1α,25(OH)2 D3 on diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
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Azizidoost S, Nazeri Z, Mohammadi A, Mohammadzadeh G, Cheraghzadeh M, Jafari A, Kheirollah A. Effect of Hydroalcoholic Ginger Extract on Brain HMG-CoA Reductase and CYP46A1 Levels in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2019; 11:234-238. [PMID: 31379996 PMCID: PMC6626506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes present with lipid disorders, including hypercholesterolemia, which can be a high-risk factor for atherosclerosis. Recently, increasing interest has been focused on anti-lipidemic function of herbal medicines, especially Zingiber officinale (known as ginger), in diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of ginger on some players involved in cholesterol homeostasis of Central Nervous System (CNS) among diabetic patients remains unclear. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of ginger on brain regulation of Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) and Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1), which provides a rational model for understanding brain dyslipidemia mechanisms associated with diabetes. METHODS Brains of rats were isolated from four groups: control, non-treated diabetic, and treated diabetic groups receiving 200 or 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extracts of ginger for eight weeks. HMG-CoA reductase and CYP46A1 levels in brain homogenates were determined by western-blot technique. RESULTS Ginger root extract caused a significant decrease in HMG-CoA reductase and an increase in CYP46A1 levels in treated diabetic groups compared to diabetic control. In comparison to diabetic group, these effects were more remarkable with 400 mg/kg concentration of ginger extract. CONCLUSION The findings showed that ginger extract has a regulatory effect on proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis in CNS by a significant down- and up-regulation of HMG-CoA reductase and CYP46A1 levels, respectively. It can be suggested that adding ginger to daily diet of diabetic patients has useful effects and may ameliorate diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azizidoost
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Nazeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Asma Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Ghorban Mohammadzadeh
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Cheraghzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding author: Alireza Kheirollah, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Tel: +98 916 750 5075, Fax: +98 613 373 8632, E-mail:
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Singh L, Rana S, Mehan S. Role of adenylyl cyclase activator in controlling experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 10:144-153. [PMID: 30515257 PMCID: PMC6261921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of adenylyl cyclase activator in preventing diabetic nephropathy in rats. Renal function parameters, renal hypertrophy, lipid profile, markers of oxidative stress and free radical scavenging activities were assessed. Histopathology was performed to confirm Streptozotocin induced renal morphological changes in diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were used in the present study to reduce the effect of estrogen. Rats were subjected to high fat diet (HFD) for two weeks followed by low dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) [35 mg/kg, i.p.] to develop experimental diabetic nephropathy in eight weeks. Two weeks treatment with low dose of Forskolin (10 mg/kg) reduced the level of diabetic nephropathy markers but results observed were not significant. Whereas, Forskolin intermediate dose (20 mg/kg) and high dose (30 mg/kg) treated rats significantly attenuated diabetes induced elevated renal function parameters and endogenous antioxidants enzymatic activities. High dose of Forskolin was found to be more effective in attenuating the renal structural and functional abnormalities. Forskolin prevented renal structural and functional abnormalities in diabetic rats. Histopathological evaluation revealed that Forskolin (20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) treated diabetic rats demonstrated reduced vacuolar degeneration of tubules and glomerulosclerosis. In the present study, Glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) and Atorvastatin (0.5 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs. Our results demonstrated synergistic effects, when high dose of Forskolin was co-administered with standard drugs. In conclusion, treatment with adenylyl cyclase activator, Forskolin in diabetic rats reduced the elevated serum glucose level, biomarkers of renal morphological dysfunction, renal hypertrophy, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and improved renal structure, function and enhanced level of endogenous antioxidants. Forskolin has a potential to prevent nephropathy without showing any effect on body weight in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhwinder Singh
- Head Department of Applied Science CGC College of EngineeringLandran, Punjab, India
| | - Surbhi Rana
- Research Scholar, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical UniversityJalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of PharmacyMoga, Punjab, India
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Van Krieken R, Marway M, Parthasarathy P, Mehta N, Ingram AJ, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Inhibition of SREBP With Fatostatin Does Not Attenuate Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1479-1495. [PMID: 29420703 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) is an important potential mediator of kidney fibrosis and is known to be upregulated in diabetic nephropathy. We evaluated the effectiveness of SREBP inhibition as treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Type 1 diabetes was induced in uninephrectomized male CD1 mice with streptozotocin. The mice were treated with the SREBP inhibitor fatostatin for 12 weeks. At the endpoint, kidney function and pathologic findings were assessed. Fatostatin inhibited the increase of both isoforms of SREBP (types 1 and 2) in diabetic kidneys. Treatment attenuated basement membrane thickening but did not improve hyperfiltration, albuminuria, or kidney fibrosis in diabetic mice. The treatment of nondiabetic mice with fatostatin led to hyperfiltration and increased the glomerular volume to levels seen in diabetic mice. This was associated with increased renal inflammation and a trend toward increased renal fibrosis. Both in vivo and in cultured renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, fatostatin increased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Thus, SREBP inhibition with fatostatin not only is ineffective in preventing diabetic nephropathy but also leads to kidney injury in nondiabetic mice. Further research on the efficacy of other SREBP inhibitors and the specific roles of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 in the treatment and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandeep Marway
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Neel Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alistar J Ingram
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Cellular lipid metabolism and homeostasis are controlled by sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs). In addition to performing canonical functions in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis and uptake of lipids, genome-wide system analyses have revealed that these versatile transcription factors act as important nodes of convergence and divergence within biological signalling networks. Thus, they are involved in myriad physiological and pathophysiological processes, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in biology. Changes in cell metabolism and growth are reciprocally linked through SREBPs. Anabolic and growth signalling pathways branch off and connect to multiple steps of SREBP activation and form complex regulatory networks. In addition, SREBPs are implicated in numerous pathogenic processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis, and in this way, they contribute to obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of SREBPs in physiology and pathophysiology at the cell, organ and organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Yuan Y, Sun H, Sun Z. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) increase renal lipid accumulation: a pathogenic factor of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:126. [PMID: 28659153 PMCID: PMC5490221 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are pathogenic factors of diabetic nephropathy (DN), causing renal damage in various ways. The aim of this study is to investigate the ectopic lipid accumulation caused by AGEs in human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) cells and the kidney of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods In vivo study, diabetes was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats through intraperitoneal injection of high-fat/high-sucrose diet and low-dose streptozocin (STZ). Two weeks after STZ injection, the diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups, namely, untreated diabetic and Aminoguanidine Hydrochloride (AG, an AGEs formation inhibitor)-treated (100 mg/Kg/day, i.g., for 8 weeks) group. In vitro study, according to the different treatments, HK-2 were divided into 6 groups. Intracellular cholesterol content was assessed by Oil Red O staining and cholesterol enzymatic assay. Expression of mRNA and protein of molecules controlling cholesterol homeostasis in the treated cells was examined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) translocation was detected by confocal microscopy. Results Here we found Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML, a member of the AGEs family) increased Oil Red O staining and intracellular cholesterol ester (CE) in HK-2 cells; Anti-RAGE (AGEs receptor) reduced lipid droplets and the CE level. A strong staining of Oil Red O was also found in the renal tubules of the diabetic rats, which could be alleviated by AG. CML upregulated both mRNA and protein expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR), LDL receptor (LDLr), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and SCAP, which were inhibited by anti-RAGE. The upregulation of these molecules in the kidney of the diabetic rats was also ameliorated by AG. Furthermore, AG reduced serum and renal CML deposition, and improved urine protein and u-NGAL in type 2 diabetic rats. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that CML caused DN might be via disturbing the intracellular feedback regulation of cholesterol. Inhibition of CML-induced lipid accumulation might be a potential renoprotective role in the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 shizi street, suzhou, 215006, jiangsu, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Antilipidemic effects and gene expression profiling of the glycosaminoglycans from cricket in rats on a high fat diet. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:926-36. [PMID: 27138285 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) was studied as a potential health supplement. Antiatherosclerotic and antilipidemic effects of the GAG of G. bimaculatus (GbG, 5 or 10 mg/kg) were investigated in 15-week old Wistar rats treated with GbG for over a month. GbG produced a meaningful anti-edema effect with inhibition of C-reactive protein (CRP). Also, the weights of abdominal and epididymidal fat were also reduced in conjunction with a mild increase in body weight. Furthermore, the sero-biochemical parameters showed an antihyperlipidemic effect with decreased levels of phospholipid, AST, ALT, total cholesterol and glucose in a dose-dependent manner. In addition anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects were seen: platelet, thrombin time, prothrombin time and Factor I were increased with GbG treatment. Furthermore, the GbG treated rat group (at 10 mg/kg) compared to control, showed that 588 genes (test/control ratio >2.0) including lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2 m) were up-regulated, and 569 genes (test/control ratio >0.5) including stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) were down-regulated. Based on these results, GbG could potentially prevent or treat fatty liver or hyperlipidemia in rats on a high-fat diet.
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Zhang Y, Ma KL, Ruan XZ, Liu BC. Dysregulation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Pathway Is Involved in Lipid Disorder-Mediated Organ Injury. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:569-79. [PMID: 27019638 PMCID: PMC4807419 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway is a negative feedback system that plays important roles in the regulation of plasma and intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. To maintain a cholesterol homeostasis, LDLR expression is tightly regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in transcriptional level and by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in posttranscriptional level. The dysregulation of LDLR expression results in abnormal lipid accumulation in cells and tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatic cells, renal mesangial cells, renal tubular cells and podocytes. It has been demonstrated that inflammation, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, and hyperglycemia induce the disruption of LDLR pathway, which might contribute to lipid disorder-mediated organ injury (atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney fibrosis, etc). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a critical mediator in the disruption of LDLR pathway caused by pathogenic factors. The mTOR complex1 activation upregulates LDLR expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, consequently resulting in lipid deposition. This paper mainly reviews the mechanisms for the dysregulation of LDLR pathway and its roles in lipid disorder-mediated organ injury under various pathogenic conditions. Understanding these mechanisms leading to the abnormality of LDLR expression contributes to find potential new drug targets in lipid disorder-mediated diseases.
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Update on Mechanisms of Renal Tubule Injury Caused by Advanced Glycation End Products. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5475120. [PMID: 27034941 PMCID: PMC4789391 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5475120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) caused by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be associated with lipid accumulation in the kidneys. This study was designed to investigate whether Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML, a member of the AGEs family) increases lipid accumulation in a human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) via increasing cholesterol synthesis and uptake and reducing cholesterol efflux through endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Our results showed that CML disrupts cholesterol metabolism in HK-2 cells by activating sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and liver X receptor (LXR), followed by an increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) mediated cholesterol synthesis and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) mediated cholesterol uptake and a reduction in ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediated cholesterol efflux, ultimately causing lipid accumulation in HK-2 cells. All of these responses could be suppressed by an ERS inhibitor, which suggests that CML causes lipid accumulation in renal tubule cells through ERS and that the inhibition of ERS is a potential novel approach to treating CML-induced renal tubular foam cell formation.
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Zheng Y, Tang L, Huang W, Yan R, Ren F, Luo L, Zhang L. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ang-(1-7) in Ameliorating HFD-Induced Renal Injury through LDLr-SREBP2-SCAP Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136187. [PMID: 26291618 PMCID: PMC4546194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1–7)-Mas axis (ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis) is reported to participate in lipid metabolism in kidney, but its precise effects and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that Ang-(1–7) reduces lipid accumulation and improves renal injury through the low density lipoprotein receptor–sterol regulatory element binding proteins 2–SREBP cleavage activating protein (LDLr-SREBP2-SCAP) system by suppressing inflammation in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four groups: STD (standard diet)+saline, HFD+saline, HFD+Ang-(1–7) and STD+Ang-(1–7). After 10 weeks of feeding, mice were administered Ang-(1–7) or saline for two weeks. We found that high inflammation status induced by HFD disrupted the LDLr-SREBP2-SCAP feedback system. Treatment of mice fed a high-fat diet with Ang-(1–7) induced significant improvement in inflammatory status, following the downregulation of LDLr, SREBP2 and SCAP, and then, decreased lipid deposition in kidney and improved renal injury. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effect of Ang-(1–7) alleviates renal injury triggered by lipid metabolic disorders through a LDLr- SREBP2-SCAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wenhan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Feifeng Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Merscher S, Pedigo CE, Mendez AJ. Metabolism, energetics, and lipid biology in the podocyte - cellular cholesterol-mediated glomerular injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:169. [PMID: 25352833 PMCID: PMC4196552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high risk of death. Dyslipidemia is commonly observed in patients with CKD and is accompanied by a decrease in plasma high-density lipoprotein, and an increase in plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and oxidized lipids. The observation that statins may decrease albuminuria but do not stop the progression of CKD indicates that pathways other than the cholesterol synthesis contribute to cholesterol accumulation in the kidneys of patients with CKD. Recently, it has become clear that increased lipid influx and impaired reverse cholesterol transport can promote glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial damage. Lipid-rafts are cholesterol-rich membrane domains with important functions in regulating membrane fluidity, membrane protein trafficking, and in the assembly of signaling molecules. In podocytes, which are specialized cells of the glomerulus, they contribute to the spatial organization of the slit diaphragm (SD) under physiological and pathological conditions. The discovery that podocyte-specific proteins such as podocin can bind and recruit cholesterol contributing to the formation of the SD underlines the importance of cholesterol homeostasis in podocytes and suggests cholesterol as an important regulator in the development of proteinuric kidney disease. Cellular cholesterol accumulation due to increased synthesis, influx, or decreased efflux is an emerging concept in podocyte biology. This review will focus on the role of cellular cholesterol accumulation in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases with a focus on glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Merscher
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Sandra Merscher, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami,1580 NW 10th Ave, Batchelor Bldg, Room 628, Miami, FL 33136, USA e-mail:
| | - Christopher E. Pedigo
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Armando J. Mendez
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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