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Brassesco MS, Roberto GM, Delsin LE, Baldissera GC, Medeiros M, Umezawa K, Tone LG. A foretaste for pediatric glioblastoma therapy: targeting the NF-kB pathway with DHMEQ. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:1519-1528. [PMID: 36807999 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While pediatric glioblastomas are molecularly distinct from adult counterparts, the activation of NF-kB is partially shared by both subsets, playing key roles in tumor propagation and treatment response. RESULTS We show that, in vitro, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) impairs growth and invasiveness. Xenograft response to the drug alone varied according to the model, being more effective in KNS42-derived tumors. In combination, SF188-derived tumors were more sensitive to temozolomide while KNS42-derived tumors responded better to the combination with radiotherapy, with continued tumor regression. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results strengthen the potential usefulness of NF-kB inhibition in future therapeutic strategies to overcome this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Molinari Roberto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Elis Delsin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Carlos Baldissera
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bonafé GA, dos Santos JS, Fernandes AMADP, Ziegler JV, Marson FAL, Rocha T, Carvalho PDO, Ortega MM. Anti-Migratory Effect of Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate on Glioblastoma Cell Lines: Microarray Data for the Identification of Key MicroRNA Signatures. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819599. [PMID: 35992881 PMCID: PMC9382584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has been reported to be responsible for the aggressive disease phenomenon observed in glioblastoma (GBM). Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), a dipotassium salt of glycyrrhizic acid isolated from licorice, has recently demonstrated an anti-tumoral effect on GBM cell lines U87MG and T98G through NF-κB suppression by IRAK2- and TRAF6-mediating microRNA (miR)-16 and miR-146a, respectively. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the expression profiles of miRNAs related to NF-κB suppression in T98G GBM cell line after DPG exposure using miRNA microarray (Affymetrix Human miRNA 4.0A), considering only predicted miRNAs as NF-κB regulator genes. Additional assays using U251 and U138MG cells were performed to validate the array results. DPG cytotoxicity was determined by (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and cellular apoptosis was quantified by DNA fragmentation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The anti-proliferative effect was observed by cell proliferation and wound-healing assays, and the sphere formation assay examined whether DPG reduced stem cell subpopulation formation. The most over-expressed miRNAs were miR-4443 and miR-3620. The cytotoxic effect of DPG in U251 and U138MG was observed with an IC50 of 32 and 20 mM for 48 h, respectively. The IC50 of each cell line was used in all further assays. DPG treatment-induced apoptosis is observed by DNA fragmentation and increased TUNEL-positive cells. Cell proliferation and wound-healing assays showed an anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effect by DPG on the evaluated cell lines. In addition, DPG treatment led to a 100% reduction in sphere formation. The qPCR results in U251 and U138MG cells showed that DPG increased miR-4443 (2.44 vs. 1.11, p-value = 0.11; 8.27 vs. 1.25, p-value = 0.04) and miR-3620 expression (1.66 vs. 1.00, p-value = 0.03; 8.47 vs. 1.01, p-value = 0.03) and decreased CD209 (0.44 vs. 1.10, p-value = 0.03; 0.49 vs. 1.07, p-value = 0.04) and TNC (0.20 vs. 1.03, p-value = 0.001; 0.39 vs. 1.06, p-value = 0.01) mRNA levels compared to controls. Our results suggest that DPG inhibits cell viability by activating apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation and stem cell subpopulation formation through miR-4443 and miR-3620 upregulation. Both miRNAs are responsible for the post-transcriptional inhibition of NF-κB by CD209 and TNC modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alves Bonafé
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Post Graduate Program in Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Manoela Marques Ortega,
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The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra)-Derived Compounds in Intestinal Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084121. [PMID: 35456938 PMCID: PMC9025446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological data have shown that IBD patients are at an increased risk for the development of CRC. IBD-associated cancer develops against a background of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and their products contribute to cancer development and progression. Therefore, the discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of intestinal diseases is urgently needed. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been largely used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine. Licorice and its derived compounds possess antiallergic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. These pharmacological properties aid in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds derived from Licorice and addresses their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We also discuss how the mechanisms of action in these compounds can influence their effectiveness and lead to therapeutic effects on intestinal disorders.
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Bonafé GA, Boschiero MN, Sodré AR, Ziegler JV, Rocha T, Ortega MM. Natural Plant Compounds: Does Caffeine, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate, Curcumin, and Euphol Play Roles as Antitumoral Compounds in Glioblastoma Cell Lines? Front Neurol 2022; 12:784330. [PMID: 35300350 PMCID: PMC8923017 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.784330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant-derived compounds are shown to be promising antitumor therapeutic agents by enhancing apoptosis-related pathways and cell cycle impairment in tumor cells, including glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. We aimed to review four natural plant compounds effective in GBM cell lines as caffeine, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), curcumin, and euphol. Furthermore, antitumoral effect of these plant compounds on GBM cell lines through microRNAs (miRs) modulation was investigated. However, only DPG and curcumin were found as effective on miR modulation. Caffeine arrests GBM cell cycle in G0/G1 phase by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) complex inhibition and by decreasing BCL-2 and increasing FOXO1 expression levels causing greater apoptotic activity. Caffeine can also directly inhibit IP3R3, p38 phosphorylation, and rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), decreasing cell invasion and migration capacity or indirectly by inhibiting the tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and integrins β1 and β3, leading to lower matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9. DPG presents antitumoral effect in GBM cells related to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway suppression by IRAK2 and TRAF6-mediating miR-16 and miR-146a, respectively. More recently, it was observed that DPG upregulated miR-4443 and miR-3620, responsible for post-transcriptional inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by CD209 and TNC modulation, respectively leading to lower MMP-9 and migration capacity. Curcumin is able to increase miR-223-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-30c-5p, and miR-1290 expression leading to serine or threonine kinase (AKT) pathway impairment and also it decreases miR-27a-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-151-3p expression causing p53-BCL2 pathway inhibition and consequently, cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, lower expression of miR-27a by curcumin action enhanced the C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP) expression, leading to paraptosis. Curcumin can inhibit miR-21 expression and consequently activate apoptosis through caspase 3 and death receptor (DR) 4 and 5 activation. Autophagy is controlled by the LC-3 protein that interacts with Atg family for the LC3-II formation and autophagy activation. Euphol can enhance LC3-II levels directly in GBM cells or inhibits tumor invasion and migration through PDK1 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alves Bonafé
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Negri Boschiero
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Sodré
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Manoela Marques Ortega
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Mamun AA, Sarwar MS, Nasrin F, Emran TB, Alanazi IS, Rauf A, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Mousa SA, Abdel-Daim MM. Natural Small Molecules Targeting NF-κB Signaling in Glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:703761. [PMID: 34512336 PMCID: PMC8429794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates various genes that mediate various cellular activities, including propagation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Abnormal activation of NF-κB is a common incidence in several cancers. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer described by high cellular heterogeneity and almost unavoidable relapse following surgery and resistance to traditional therapy. In GBM, NF-κB is abnormally activated by various stimuli. Its function has been associated with different processes, including regulation of cancer cells with stem-like phenotypes, invasion of cancer cells, and radiotherapy resistance identification of mesenchymal cells. Even though multimodal therapeutic approaches such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapeutic drugs are used for treating GBM, however; the estimated mortality rate for GBM patients is around 1 year. Therefore, it is necessary to find out new therapeutic approaches for treating GBM. Many studies are focusing on therapeutics having less adverse effects owing to the failure of conventional chemotherapy and targeted agents. Several studies of compounds suggested the involvement of NF-κB signaling pathways in the growth and development of a tumor and GBM cell apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the involvement of NF-κB signaling in the molecular understanding of GBM and natural compounds targeting NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Nasrin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ibtesam S Alanazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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6
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Medeiros M, Candido MF, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. The multifaceted NF-kB: are there still prospects of its inhibition for clinical intervention in pediatric central nervous system tumors? Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6161-6200. [PMID: 34333711 PMCID: PMC11072991 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the basic biology and pathogenesis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, patients still have an extremely unfavorable prognosis. Over the years, a plethora of natural and synthetic compounds has emerged for the pharmacologic intervention of the NF-kB pathway, one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling cascades in human cancer with key roles in cell growth, survival, and therapy resistance. Here, we provide a review about the state-of-the-art concerning the dysregulation of this hub transcription factor in the most prevalent pediatric CNS tumors: glioma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma. Moreover, we compile the available literature on the anti-proliferative effects of varied NF-kB inhibitors acting alone or in combination with other therapies in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. As the wealth of basic research data continues to accumulate, recognizing NF-kB as a therapeutic target may provide important insights to treat these diseases, hopefully contributing to increase cure rates and lower side effects related to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Medeiros
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, FFCLRP-USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
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7
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Candido MF, Baldissera GC, Medeiros M, Umezawa K, Brassesco MS. NF-кB inhibition by DHMEQ: in vitro antiproliferative effects on pilocytic astrocytoma and concise review of the current literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:2675-2684. [PMID: 32385563 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common brain tumor that affects the pediatric population. Even though PA is benign and treatment only involves surgery, recurrent or unresectable tumors require chemo- and radiotherapy. Besides BRAF, CDKN2A, or IDH mutations, the hyperactivation of the nuclear factor NF-κB contributes to tumor growth and survival. METHODS In the present study, we used publicly available data for the in silico analysis of NF-κB subunits (RELA, RELB, REL, NF-κB1, and NF-κB2) expression in PA samples. Besides, in vitro assays were performed to evaluate proliferation, migration, cell death, on the PA cell line Res286 comparing to human primary astrocytes. Sensitization to radiation therapy and temozolomide (TMZ) was also assayed. RESULTS Our results showed that all the members of the NF-kB family are upregulated in PA datasets compared to normal brain tissues. Moreover, DHMEQ treatment significantly reduced cell growth and motility, while sensitized cells to ionizing radiation and TMZ, as previously seen in high-grade gliomas. CONCLUSIONS This drug presents a potential application in clinical practice for the treatment of recurrent or inoperable PA. Moreover, its use might assist adjuvant chemotherapy and reduce irradiation doses to avoid toxicity to the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Candido
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Baldissera
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Medeiros
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
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Konings K, Vandevoorde C, Baselet B, Baatout S, Moreels M. Combination Therapy With Charged Particles and Molecular Targeting: A Promising Avenue to Overcome Radioresistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:128. [PMID: 32117774 PMCID: PMC7033551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a central role in the treatment of cancer patients. Over the past decades, remarkable technological progress has been made in the field of conventional radiotherapy. In addition, the use of charged particles (e.g., protons and carbon ions) makes it possible to further improve dose deposition to the tumor, while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Despite these improvements, radioresistance and tumor recurrence are still observed. Although the mechanisms underlying resistance to conventional radiotherapy are well-studied, scientific evidence on the impact of charged particle therapy on cancer cell radioresistance is restricted. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential role that charged particles could play to overcome radioresistance. This review will focus on hypoxia, cancer stem cells, and specific signaling pathways of EGFR, NFκB, and Hedgehog as well as DNA damage signaling involving PARP, as mechanisms of radioresistance for which pharmacological targets have been identified. Finally, new lines of future research will be proposed, with a focus on novel molecular inhibitors that could be used in combination with charged particle therapy as a novel treatment option for radioresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Konings
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Department of Nuclear Medicine, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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Lee HH, Lin CH, Lin HY, Kuei CH, Zheng JQ, Wang YH, Lu LS, Lee FP, Hu CJ, Wu D, Lin YF. Histone 2A Family Member J Drives Mesenchymal Transition and Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010098. [PMID: 31906036 PMCID: PMC7016639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor and has a poor prognosis and is poorly sensitive to radiotherapy or temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Therefore, identifying new biomarkers to predict therapeutic responses of GBM is urgently needed. By using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that the upregulation of histone 2A family member J (H2AFJ), but not other H2AFs, is extensively detected in the therapeutic-insensitive mesenchymal, IDH wildtype, MGMT unmethylated, or non-G-CIMP GBM and is associated with poor TMZ responsiveness independent of radiation. Similar views were also found in GBM cell lines. Whereas H2AFJ knockdown diminished TMZ resistance, H2AFJ overexpression promoted TMZ resistance in a panel of GBM cell lines. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that H2AFJ upregulation accompanied by the activation of TNF-α/NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3-related pathways is highly predicted. Luciferase-based promoter activity assay further validated that the activities of NF-κB and STAT3 are causally affected by H2AFJ expression in GBM cells. Moreover, we found that therapeutic targeting HADC3 by tacedinaline or NF-κB by ML029 is likely able to overcome the TMZ resistance in GBM cells with H2AFJ upregulation. Significantly, the GBM cohorts harboring a high-level H2AFJ transcript combined with high-level expression of TNF-α/NF-κB geneset, IL-6/STAT3 geneset or HADC3 were associated with a shorter time to tumor repopulation after initial treatment with TMZ. These findings not only provide H2AFJ as a biomarker to predict TMZ therapeutic effectiveness but also suggest a new strategy to combat TMZ-insensitive GBM by targeting the interaction network constructed by TNF-α/NF-κB, IL-6/STAT3, HDAC3, and H2AFJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Hua Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.K.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Dizziness and Balance Disorder Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.K.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (C.-J.H.)
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian District, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Kuei
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.K.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (C.-J.H.)
- Urology, Division of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian District, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Quan Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.K.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.K.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TMU Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Fei-Peng Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.K.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Dean Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.K.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (C.-J.H.)
- Dizziness and Balance Disorder Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (Y.-F.L.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8112) (D.W.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3106) (Y.-F.L.); Fax: +886-2-22490088 (D.W.); +886-2-2739-0500 (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.K.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-H.W.); (C.-J.H.)
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (Y.-F.L.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8112) (D.W.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3106) (Y.-F.L.); Fax: +886-2-22490088 (D.W.); +886-2-2739-0500 (Y.-F.L.)
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10
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Guo Z, Wang H, Wei J, Han L, Li Z. Sequential treatment of phenethyl isothiocyanate increases sensitivity of Temozolomide resistant glioblastoma cells by decreasing expression of MGMT via NF-κB pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:696-708. [PMID: 30899372 PMCID: PMC6413290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existence of acquired or intrinsic resistance to Temozolomide (TMD) remains a point of concern in treating glioblastoma (GBM). Here we established mechanism by which Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) reverses TMD resistance in T98G cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS For the study TMD-resistant cell lines were generated by stepwise exposing the parental cell lines (U87 and U373) to TMD. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were established. MTT assay was done for cell survival studies, apoptosis assay by FITC Annexin V/PI staining, luciferase reporter assay for NF-κB transcription activity, cell colony survival and cell invasion assay, protein expression by western blot was done. For in vivo studies nude mouse model of GBM was established, TUNEL assay was done for apoptosis in tumor specimens. RESULTS We established that T98G, U87-R and U373-R showed higher NF-κB activity and exhibited higher IC50 of TMD with significantly increased MGMT expression compared to untreated cells. Next, we found that PEITC suppressed proliferation of resistant GBM cells, inhibited NF-κB activity, decreased expression of MGMT and reversed the resistance in U373-R, U87-R and T98G cells. Exposure to PEITC followed by sequential treatment of TMD produced synergistic effect. In U373-R grafted xenografts mouse model PEITC suppressed cell growth and enhanced cell death. CONCLUSION Altogether, the present research established that combination of PEITC with TMD could enhance its clinical efficacy in resistant GBM by suppressing MGMT via inhibiting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityNo. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Han Wang
- Clinical Laboratory The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNo. 1478, Gongnong Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Surgery Institute, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityNo. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityNo. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityNo. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
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11
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MacMahon P, Labak CM, Martin-Bach SE, Issawi A, Velpula K, Tsung AJ. Glioblastoma formation in a recurrent intracranial epidermoid cyst: a case report. CNS Oncol 2018; 7:CNS25. [PMID: 30543115 PMCID: PMC6331695 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transformation to glioblastoma following recurrent epidermoid cyst resection has not been reported. Chronic inflammation can underlie malignant transformation of epidermoid cysts. Astrogliosis following repeated resections may have induced the rare transformation to glioblastoma. Clinical presentation: A patient presenting with left lower extremity weakness was found to harbor a parietal mass lesion. Histopathology demonstrated an epidermoid cyst. Following multiple re-resections, an intra-axial mass was discovered within the operative bed, confirmed as glioblastoma. Conclusion: This is the first report of glioblastoma associated with a resected epidermoid cyst. Subsequent to resection, the chronic inflammatory milieu propagated by astrogliosis is thought to have induced malignancy. The progression to glioblastoma draws attention to neoplastic transformation in the context of recurrent epidermoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul MacMahon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, 61605, USA.,Neurosurgery Department, OSF HealthCare Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, 61637, USA
| | - Collin M Labak
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, 61605, USA
| | - Sarah E Martin-Bach
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.,Neuropathology, OSF HealthCare Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, 61637, USA
| | - Ahmad Issawi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, 61605, USA.,Neurosurgery Department, OSF HealthCare Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, 61637, USA
| | - Kiran Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, 61605, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, 61605, USA.,Neurosurgery Department, OSF HealthCare Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, 61637, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, 61605, USA
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12
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Lee YE, Choi SA, Kwack PA, Kim HJ, Kim IH, Wang KC, Phi JH, Lee JY, Chong S, Park SH, Park KD, Hwang DW, Joo KM, Kim SK. Repositioning disulfiram as a radiosensitizer against atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1079-1087. [PMID: 28340172 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in infants. Although cancer stem cells of AT/RT express aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), effective chemotherapies against AT/RT have not been established. Here, we examined radiosensitizing effects of disulfiram (DSF), an irreversible inhibitor of ALDH against AT/RT for a novel therapeutic method. Methods Patient-derived primary cultured AT/RT cells (SNU.AT/RT-5 and SNU.AT/RT-6) and established AT/RT cell lines (BT-12 and BT-16) were used to assess therapeutic effects of combining DSF with radiation treatment (RT). Survival fraction by clonogenic assay, protein expression, immunofluorescence, and autophagy analysis were evaluated in vitro. Antitumor effects of combining DSF with RT were verified by bioluminescence imaging, tumor volume, and survival analysis in vivo. Results The results demonstrated that DSF at low concentration enhanced the radiosensitivity of AT/RT cells with reduction of survival fraction to 1.21‒1.58. DSF increased DNA double-strand break (γ-H2AX, p-DNA-PKcs, and p-ATM), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), autophagy (LC3B), and cell cycle arrest (p21) in irradiated AT/RT cells, while it decreased anti-apoptosis (nuclear factor-kappaB, Survivin, and B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl2]). In vivo, DSF and RT combined treatment significantly reduced tumor volumes and prolonged the survival of AT/RT mouse models compared with single treatments. The combined treatment also increased γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, and LC3B expression and decreased ALDH1, Survivin, and Bcl2 expression in vivo. Conclusions DSF and RT combination therapy has additive therapeutic effects on AT/RT by potentiating programmed cell death, including apoptosis and autophagy of AT/RT cells. We suggest that DSF can be applied as a radiosensitizer in AT/RT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Pil Ae Kwack
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Il Han Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangjoon Chong
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Duk Park
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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13
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Valdés-Rives SA, Casique-Aguirre D, Germán-Castelán L, Velasco-Velázquez MA, González-Arenas A. Apoptotic Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma and Therapeutic Implications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7403747. [PMID: 29259986 PMCID: PMC5702396 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7403747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most hostile type of brain cancer. Its aggressiveness is due to increased invasion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and a decreased apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the role of key regulators of apoptosis in GBM and glioblastoma stem cells. Given their importance in the etiology and pathogenesis of GBM, these signaling molecules may represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Anahi Valdés-Rives
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Casique-Aguirre
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Liliana Germán-Castelán
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Velasco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación en Biomedicina Translacional, ISSSTE C.M.N. 20 de Noviembre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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14
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Barone TA, Burkhart CA, Safina A, Haderski G, Gurova KV, Purmal AA, Gudkov AV, Plunkett RJ. Anticancer drug candidate CBL0137, which inhibits histone chaperone FACT, is efficacious in preclinical orthotopic models of temozolomide-responsive and -resistant glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:186-196. [PMID: 27370399 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The survival rate for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal. New therapies targeting molecular pathways dysregulated in GBM are needed. One such clinical-stage drug candidate, CBL0137, is a curaxin, small molecules which simultaneously downregulate nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB) and activate p53 by inactivating the chromatin remodeling complex, Facilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT). Methods We used publicly available databases to establish levels of FACT subunit expression in GBM. In vitro, we evaluated the toxicity and effect of CBL0137 on FACT, p53, and NF-ĸB on U87MG and A1207 human GBM cells. In vivo, we implanted the cells orthotopically in nude mice and administered CBL0137 in various dosing regimens to assess brain and tumor accumulation of CBL0137, its effect on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, and on survival of mice with and without temozolomide (TMZ). Results FACT subunit expression was elevated in GBM compared with normal brain. CBL0137 induced loss of chromatin-unbound FACT, activated p53, inhibited NF-ĸB-dependent transcription, and was toxic to GBM cells. The drug penetrated the blood-brain barrier and accumulated in orthotopic tumors significantly more than normal brain tissue. It increased apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in both U87MG and A1207 tumors. Intravenous administration of CBL0137 significantly increased survival in models of early- through late-stage TMZ-responsive and -resistant GBM, with a trend toward significantly increasing the effect of TMZ in TMZ-responsive U87MG tumors. Conclusion CBL0137 targets GBM according to its proposed mechanism of action, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and is efficacious in both TMZ-responsive and -resistant orthotopic models, making it an attractive new therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Barone
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Alfiya Safina
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Katerina V Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Andrei A Purmal
- Incuron, LLC, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Cleveland Biolabs, Inc., Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Cleveland Biolabs, Inc., Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Plunkett
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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15
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Begalli F, Bennett J, Capece D, Verzella D, D'Andrea D, Tornatore L, Franzoso G. Unlocking the NF-κB Conundrum: Embracing Complexity to Achieve Specificity. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E50. [PMID: 28829404 PMCID: PMC5618308 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) family are central coordinating regulators of the host defence responses to stress, injury and infection. Aberrant NF-κB activation also contributes to the pathogenesis of some of the most common current threats to global human health, including chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, vascular diseases and the majority of cancers. Accordingly, the NF-κB pathway is widely considered an attractive therapeutic target in a broad range of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Yet, despite the aggressive efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to develop a specific NF-κB inhibitor, none has been clinically approved, due to the dose-limiting toxicities associated with the global suppression of NF-κB. In this review, we summarise the main strategies historically adopted to therapeutically target the NF-κB pathway with an emphasis on oncology, and some of the emerging strategies and newer agents being developed to pharmacologically inhibit this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Begalli
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Jason Bennett
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daria Capece
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daniel D'Andrea
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Laura Tornatore
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
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16
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Substituted Caffeic and Ferulic Acid Phenethyl Esters: Synthesis, Leukotrienes Biosynthesis Inhibition, and Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071124. [PMID: 28684707 PMCID: PMC6152019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that correlates with short patient survival and for which therapeutic options are limited. Polyphenolic compounds, including caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, 1a), have been investigated for their anticancer properties in several types of cancer. To further explore these properties in brain cancer cells, a series of caffeic and ferulic acid esters bearing additional oxygens moieties (OH or OCH3) were designed and synthesized. (CAPE, 1a), but not ferulic acid phenethyl ester (FAPE, 1b), displayed substantial cytotoxicity against two glioma cell lines. Some but not all selected compounds derived from both (CAPE, 1a) and (FAPE, 1b) also displayed cytotoxicity. All CAPE-derived compounds were able to significantly inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), however FAPE-derived compounds were largely ineffective 5-LO inhibitors. Molecular docking revealed new hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between the enzyme and some of the investigated compounds. Overall, this work highlights the relevance of exploring polyphenolic compounds in cancer models and provides additional leads in the development of novel therapeutic strategies in gliomas.
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Yang L, Wang Y, Guo H, Guo M. Synergistic Anti-Cancer Effects of Icariin and Temozolomide in Glioblastoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:1379-85. [PMID: 25384619 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive malignancy, which is associated with poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been showed to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma treatment; however, the response rate is not satisfactory. Icariin is a natural compound with anti-cancer activity against a variety of cancers. This study is designed to determine whether icariin could potentiate the antitumor activity of TMZ in glioblastoma. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Expression of apoptosis and proliferation-related molecules was detected by Western blotting while NF-κB activity was detected by ELISA. Icariin dose-dependently inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in tested glioblastoma cell lines. Icariin enhanced the anti-tumor activity of TMZ in vitro. The anti-tumor activity of icariin and the enhanced anti-tumor activity of TMZ by icariin correlated with suppression of NF-κB activity. Our results showed that icariin exhibited anti-tumor activity and potentiated the anti-tumor activity of TMZ in glioblastoma, at least in part, by inhibiting NF-κB activity. Although more studies including clinical trials are needed, this study provides insight for using icariin as a chemosensitizing agent in clinic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, No.324, JingWu Road, Ji'nan, 250021, China
| | - Yuexun Wang
- CT Department, First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong, 272011, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, No.324, JingWu Road, Ji'nan, 250021, China
| | - Meiling Guo
- CT Department, First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong, 272011, China.
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18
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El-Salhy M, Umezawa K. Anti-inflammatory effects of novel AP-1 and NF-κB inhibitors in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in rats. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1457-64. [PMID: 27082818 PMCID: PMC4866953 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of the two novel anti-inflammatory substances, 3-[(dodecylthiocarbonyl)-methyl]-glutarimide (DTCM-G) and dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), on DSS-induced colitis in rats. For this purpose, rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 animals in each group as follows: i) the control group, which received 0.5 ml of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; vehicle), ii) rats that received DTCM-G (20 mg/kg body weight in 0.5% CMC; the DTCM-G group), and iii) rats that received DHMEQ (15 mg/kg body weight in 0.5% CMC; the DHMEQ group). The animals were sacrificed after the 5-day treatment period, and tissue samples were taken from their colons and sectioned for histological evaluation. The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and immunostained for leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages/monocytes and mast cells. The disease activity index (DAI), histological grading of colitis, and densities of several types of submucosal immune cells were compared between the controls, and the DTCM-G and DHMEQ groups. The DAI values were significantly lower in both the DTCM-G and DHMEQ groups than in the control group. The total scores for the histological grading of colitis were also significantly lower in the DTCM-G and DHMEQ groups than in the control group. The submucosal densities of leucocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages/monocytes and mast cells were significantly lower in the DTCM-G and DHMEQ groups than in the control group. Our findings indicate that the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of DTCM-G and DHMEQ, and the absence of any associated toxicity render them excellent therapeutic candidates for clinical use in the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Helse-Fonna Hospital, 5416 Stord, Norway
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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19
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Rinkenbaugh AL, Baldwin AS. The NF-κB Pathway and Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020016. [PMID: 27058560 PMCID: PMC4931665 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor pathway is a crucial regulator of inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, aberrant NF-κB signaling has been identified in many types of cancer. Downstream of key oncogenic pathways, such as RAS, BCR-ABL, and Her2, NF-κB regulates transcription of target genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and mediate invasion and metastasis. The cancer stem cell model posits that a subset of tumor cells (cancer stem cells) drive tumor initiation, exhibit resistance to treatment, and promote recurrence and metastasis. This review examines the evidence for a role for NF-κB signaling in cancer stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rinkenbaugh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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20
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Kelley K, Knisely J, Symons M, Ruggieri R. Radioresistance of Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8040042. [PMID: 27043632 PMCID: PMC4846851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used as part of the standard of care treatment of the majority of brain tumors. The efficacy of RT is limited by radioresistance and by normal tissue radiation tolerance. This is highlighted in pediatric brain tumors where the use of radiation is limited by the excessive toxicity to the developing brain. For these reasons, radiosensitization of tumor cells would be beneficial. In this review, we focus on radioresistance mechanisms intrinsic to tumor cells. We also evaluate existing approaches to induce radiosensitization and explore future avenues of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kelley
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Jonathan Knisely
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Marc Symons
- The Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Rosamaria Ruggieri
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
- The Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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21
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Gray GK, McFarland BC, Nozell SE, Benveniste EN. NF-κB and STAT3 in glioblastoma: therapeutic targets coming of age. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:1293-306. [PMID: 25262780 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.964211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since we last addressed the roles of NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling in glioblastoma (GBM) 5 years ago, tremendous strides have been made in the understanding of these two pathways in glioma biology. Contributing to prosurvival mechanisms, cancer stem cell maintenance and treatment resistance, both NF-κB and STAT3 have been characterized as major drivers of GBM. In this review, we address general improvements in the molecular understanding of GBM, the structure of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling, the ways in which these pathways contribute to GBM and advances in preclinical and clinical targeting of these two signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, 1900 University Blvd, THT 926A, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
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22
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Binello E, Mormone E, Emdad L, Kothari H, Germano IM. Characterization of fenofibrate-mediated anti-proliferative pro-apoptotic effects on high-grade gliomas and anti-invasive effects on glioma stem cells. J Neurooncol 2014; 117:225-34. [PMID: 24493576 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common, and at the same time, most aggressive type of high-grade glioma (HGG). The prognosis of glioblastoma patients treated with standard therapy including surgery, temozolomide and radiation therapy remains poor. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonists are in widespread clinical use for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Recent evidence has suggested a potential role in various cancers including glioblastoma. In this study, we characterized the effects of PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, directly on HGG cells and glioma stem cells (GSC). Fenofibrate exhibited dose-dependent p53-independent anti-proliferative effects on HGG starting at 25 μM and pro-apoptotic effects starting at 50 μM, suggesting that the anti-proliferative actions are present only at 25 μM. PPARα was expressed in all HGG cell lines. Inhibition of PPARα with specific inhibitor GW6471 did not affect either proliferation or apoptosis suggesting that these are PPARα-independent effects. Fenofibrate treatment of HGG cells robustly diminished the expression of key signaling pathways, including NF-κB and cyclin D1. Phosphorylation of Akt was also diminished, with no change in total Akt. Effects on apoptotic signaling molecules, Bax and Bcl-xL, had a trend towards pro-apoptotic effects. With respect to GSC, fenofibrate treatment at 25 μM significantly decreased invasion in association with a decrease in CD133 and Oct4 expression. Overall, results support consideration of fenofibrate as an anti-glioma agent and establish its potential as an adjunct treatment strategy for HGG. Translation to the clinical setting could be rapid given its current use as a clinical agent and its low toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Binello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1136, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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23
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Fortin Ensign SP, Mathews IT, Symons MH, Berens ME, Tran NL. Implications of Rho GTPase Signaling in Glioma Cell Invasion and Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2013; 3:241. [PMID: 24109588 PMCID: PMC3790103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most malignant of primary adult brain tumors, characterized by a highly locally invasive cell population, as well as abundant proliferative cells, neoangiogenesis, and necrosis. Clinical intervention with chemotherapy or radiation may either promote or establish an environment for manifestation of invasive behavior. Understanding the molecular drivers of invasion in the context of glioma progression may be insightful in directing new treatments for patients with GB. Here, we review current knowledge on Rho family GTPases, their aberrant regulation in GB, and their effect on GB cell invasion and tumor progression. Rho GTPases are modulators of cell migration through effects on actin cytoskeleton rearrangement; in non-neoplastic tissue, expression and activation of Rho GTPases are normally under tight regulation. In GB, Rho GTPases are deregulated, often via hyperactivity or overexpression of their activators, Rho GEFs. Downstream effectors of Rho GTPases have been shown to promote invasiveness and, importantly, glioma cell survival. The study of aberrant Rho GTPase signaling in GB is thus an important investigation of cell invasion as well as treatment resistance and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Patricia Fortin Ensign
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ , USA ; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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