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Hou L, Yang F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yan H, Meng C, Du Y, Zhu H, Yuan D, Gao Y. 2-Methoxyestradiol ameliorates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 197:105647. [PMID: 38072522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a highly effective and highly toxic herbicide that is highly toxic to both humans and animals. Pulmonary fibrosis is the primary cause of fatality in patients with PQ poisoning, there is no effective drug treatment yet. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME) is a natural metabolite of estradiol with anti-tumor, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-proliferative effects. Whether 2ME has the potential to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ is unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential effects and mechanism of 2ME on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice and A549 cells were exposed to PQ to establish pulmonary fibrosis model. In vivo, Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to assess the pathological characteristics. Masson's trichrome staining was employed to evaluate the collagen deposition. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted to determine the expressions of fibrosis markers. In vitro, the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were detected using western blot and immunofluorescence to evaluated the potential inhibition of PQ-induced EMT by 2ME. And proteins associated with the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway were measured by western blot in vivo and in vitro. The result found that 2ME can ameliorated PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inhibit the activation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that 2ME may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Hou
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Cuicui Meng
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yuqi Du
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huanzhou Zhu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical Key Laboratory of Poisoning Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Enazy SA, Kirschen GW, Vincent K, Yang J, Saada J, Shah M, Oberhauser AF, Bujalowski PJ, Motamedi M, Salama SA, Kilic G, Rytting E, Borahay MA. PEGylated Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with 2-Methoxyestradiol for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2552-2560. [PMID: 37482124 PMCID: PMC10529399 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Leiomyomas, the most common benign neoplasms of the female reproductive tract, currently have limited medical treatment options. Drugs targeting estrogen/progesterone signaling are used, but side effects and limited efficacy in many cases are major limitation of their clinical use. Previous studies from our laboratory and others demonstrated that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is promising treatment for uterine fibroids. However, its poor bioavailability and rapid degradation hinder its development for clinical use. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo effect of biodegradable and biocompatible 2-ME-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in a patient-derived leiomyoma xenograft mouse model. PEGylated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with 2-ME were prepared by nanoprecipitation. Female 6-week age immunodeficient NOG (NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull) mice were used. Estrogen-progesterone pellets were implanted subcutaneously. Five days later, patient-derived human fibroid tumors were xenografted bilaterally subcutaneously. Engrafted mice were treated with 2-ME-loaded or blank (control) PEGylated nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally and after 28 days of treatment, tumor volume was measured by caliper following hair removal, and tumors were removed and weighed. Up to 99.1% encapsulation efficiency was achieved, and the in vitro release profile showed minimal burst release, thus confirming the high encapsulation efficiency. In vivo administration of the 2-ME-loaded nanoparticles led to 51% growth inhibition of xenografted tumors compared to controls (P < 0.01). Thus, 2-ME-loaded nanoparticles may represent a novel approach for the treatment of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaalarab Al Enazy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Vincent
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jinping Yang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jamal Saada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mansi Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andres F Oberhauser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Bujalowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Salama A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Kilic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Rytting
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Luo LL, Han JX, Wu SR, Kasim V. Intramuscular injection of sotagliflozin promotes neovascularization in diabetic mice through enhancing skeletal muscle cells paracrine function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2636-2650. [PMID: 35292769 PMCID: PMC9525294 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with series of macrovascular and microvascular pathological changes that cause a wide range of complications. Diabetic patients are highly susceptible to hindlimb ischemia (HLI), which remains incurable. Evidence shows that skeletal muscle cells secrete a number of angiogenic factors to promote neovascularization and restore blood perfusion, this paracrine function is crucial for therapeutic angiogenesis in diabetic HLI. In this study we investigated whether sotagliflozin, an anti-hyperglycemia SGLT2 inhibitor, exerted therapeutic angiogenesis effects in diabetic HLI in vitro and in vivo. In C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, we showed that high glucose (HG, 25 mM) under hypoxia markedly inhibited cell viability, proliferation and migration potentials, which were dose-dependently reversed by pretreatment with sotagliflozin (5-20 μM). Sotagliflozin pretreatment enhanced expression levels of angiogenic factors HIF-1α, VEGF-A and PDGF-BB in HG-treated C2C12 cells under hypoxia as well as secreted amounts of VEGF-A and PDGF-BB in the medium; pretreatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2, 10 μM) or HIF-1α knockdown abrogated sotagliflozin-induced increases in VEGF-A and PDGF-BB expression, as well as sotagliflozin-stimulated cell proliferation and migration potentials. Furthermore, the conditioned media from sotagliflozin-treated C2C12 cells in HG medium enhanced the migration and proliferation capabilities of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, two types of cells necessary for forming functional blood vessels. In vivo study was conducted in diabetic mice subjected to excising the femoral artery of the left limb. After the surgery, sotagliflozin (10 mg/kg) was directly injected into gastrocnemius muscle of the left hindlimb once every 3 days for 3 weeks. We showed that intramuscular injection of sotagliflozin effectively promoted the formation of functional blood vessels, leading to significant recovery of blood perfusion in diabetic HLI mice. Together, our results highlight a new indication of SGLT2 inhibitor sotagliflozin as a potential therapeutic angiogenesis agent for diabetic HLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Liu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Han
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shou-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Varisli L. Decreased Expression of HN1 Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Apoptosis Induced by Docetaxel and 2-Methoxyestradiol. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2022; 52:196-201. [PMID: 35414498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and ranks as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in developed countries. HN1 is a highly expressed gene in prostate cancer and controls the levels of several cell cycle regulatory proteins including Cyclin B1. Cyclin B1 is a cell cycle control protein but is also involved in Docetaxel and 2-Methoxyestradiol induced apoptosis. Since Cyclin B1 level may affect chemotherapy success and HN1-Cyclin B1 negative correlation has already been shown, so in this study, we investigated the possible role of HN1 in chemotherapeutic resistance in prostate cancer cells. METHODS Androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells were used in the study. A full-length human HN1 cDNA fragment was cloned to a mammalian expression vector and this construct was used for overexpression experiments. A siRNA that specifically targets HN1 was used for HN1 depletion experiments. Evaluation of apoptosis was performed by the level of PARP cleavage and an apoptosis kit that measure Caspase 3 activity. RESULTS The HN1 protein level is decreased in the Docetaxel or 2-Methoxyestradiol treated LNCaP and PC-3 PCa cells whereas the Cyclin B1 level is increased. HN1 overexpression inhibited Docetaxel and 2-Methoxyestradiol induced apoptosis. In concordance, its depletion further stimulated apoptosis in drug-treated cells. However, silencing of Cyclin B1 along with HN1 abolished the increased apoptotic response induced by silencing of HN1 in Docetaxel or 2-Methoxyestradiol treated cells. CONCLUSION HN1 is an anti-apoptotic molecule and inhibits Docetaxel and 2-Methoxyestradiol induced apoptosis by targeting Cyclin B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Dicle University, Sur/Diyarbakir, Turkey
- Cancer Research Center, Dicle University, Sur/Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Zheng S, Ni J, Li Y, Lu M, Yao Y, Guo H, Jiao M, Jin T, Zhang H, Yuan A, Wang Z, Yang Y, Chen Z, Wu H, Hu W. 2-Methoxyestradiol synergizes with Erlotinib to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma by disrupting the PLAGL2-EGFR-HIF-1/2α signaling loop. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105685. [PMID: 34022398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been introduced into cancer chemotherapy. However, the therapeutic effects of erlotinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain vaguely understood. Our previous study found that a hypoxia-mediated PLAGL2-EGFR-HIF-1/2α signaling loop in HCC decreased response to erlotinib. The current study has demonstrated that the combination of erlotinib and 2ME2 exerted synergistic antitumor effects against HCC. Further investigation showed that erlotinib increased the expression level of EGFR, HIF-2α, and PLAGL2, which contributes to the insensitivity of hypoxic HCC cells to erlotinib. The simultaneous exposure to 2ME2 effectively inhibited the expression level of EGFR, HIF-2α, and PLAGL2 that was induced by erlotinib. This contributes to the synergistic effect of the two therapeutic agents. Furthermore, the combination of erlotinib and 2ME2 induced apoptosis and inhibited the stemness of hypoxic HCC cells. Our findings potentially explain the mechanism of HCC insensitivity to erlotinib and provide a new strategy of combining EGFR and HIF1/2α inhibitors for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Zheng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaping Ni
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ying Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mingying Lu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuchen Yao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haixin Guo
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Meng Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianle Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haoying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ansheng Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hongxi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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