1
|
Al‐Sharshani D, Velayutham D, Samara M, Gazal R, Al Haj Zen A, Ismail MA, Ahmed M, Nasrallah G, Younes S, Rizk N, Hammuda S, Qoronfleh MW, Farrell T, Zayed H, Abdulrouf PV, AlDweik M, Silang JPB, Rahhal A, Al‐Jurf R, Mahfouz A, Salam A, Al Rifai H, Al‐Dewik NI. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dyslipidemia and risk of metabolic disorders in the State of Qatar. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2178. [PMID: 37147786 PMCID: PMC10422074 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is recognized as one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with dyslipidemia and increased susceptibility risks of CVD, NAFLD, and/or T2DM in dyslipidemia patients in comparison with healthy control individuals from the Qatar genome project. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2933 adults (859 dyslipidemia patients and 2074 healthy control individuals) from April to December 2021 to investigate the association between 331 selected SNPs with dyslipidemia and increased susceptibility risks of CVD, NAFLD and/or T2DM, and covariates. RESULTS The genotypic frequencies of six SNPs were found to be significantly different in dyslipidemia patients subjects compared to the control group among males and females. In males, three SNPs were found to be significant, the rs11172113 in over-dominant model, the rs646776 in recessive and over-dominant models, and the rs1111875 in dominant model. On the other hand, two SNPs were found to be significant in females, including rs2954029 in recessive model, and rs1801251 in dominant and recessive models. The rs17514846 SNP was found for dominant and over-dominant models among males and only the dominant model for females. We found that the six SNPs linked to gender type had an influence in relation to disease susceptibility. When controlling for the four covariates (gender, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes), the difference between dyslipidemia and the control group remained significant for the six variants. Finally, males were three times more likely to have dyslipidemia in comparison with females, hypertension was two times more likely to be present in the dyslipidemia group, and diabetes was six times more likely to be in the dyslipidemia group. CONCLUSION The current investigation provides evidence of association for a common SNP to coronary heart disease and suggests a sex-dependent effect and encourage potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Al‐Sharshani
- Heart Hospital (HH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Genomics and Precision Medicine (GPM), College of Health & Life Science (CHLS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
| | - Dinesh Velayutham
- Liberal Arts and Science (LAS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
| | - Muthanna Samara
- Department of PsychologyKingston University LondonKingston upon ThamesLondonUK
| | - Reham Gazal
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- College of Health & Life Science (CHLS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
| | | | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, College of Arts and SciencesQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Gheyath Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Salma Younes
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Nasser Rizk
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Sara Hammuda
- Department of PsychologyKingston University LondonKingston upon ThamesLondonUK
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy DivisionQ3CG Research Institute (QRI)7227 Rachel DriveYpsilantiMichiganUSA
- 21HealthStreet CompanyLondonUK
| | - Thomas Farrell
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Palli Valapila Abdulrouf
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Manar AlDweik
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - John Paul Ben Silang
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Alaa Rahhal
- Heart Hospital (HH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Rana Al‐Jurf
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Heart Hospital (HH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Amar Salam
- Department of Cardiology, Al Khor Hospital (AKH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Hilal Al Rifai
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborn Screening Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Nader I. Al‐Dewik
- Genomics and Precision Medicine (GPM), College of Health & Life Science (CHLS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborn Screening Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences, Kingston UniversitySt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Translational and Precision Medicine Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wong SK, Ramli FF, Ali A, Ibrahim N‘I. Genetics of Cholesterol-Related Genes in Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Current Evidence. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123239. [PMID: 36551995 PMCID: PMC9775320 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of metabolic dysregulations, which include insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. The complex pathogenesis of MetS encompasses the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Environmental factors such as excessive nutrients and sedentary lifestyle are modifiable and could be improved by lifestyle modification. However, genetic susceptibility to MetS, a non-modifiable factor, has attracted the attention of researchers, which could act as the basis for future diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for MetS. Several cholesterol-related genes associated with each characteristic of MetS have been identified, such as apolipoprotein, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and adiponectin. This review aims to summarize the genetic information of cholesterol-related genes in MetS, which may potentially serve as biomarkers for early prevention and management of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fitri Fareez Ramli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul ‘Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-39145-9545
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bautista-Martínez JS, Mata-Marín JA, Sandoval-Ramírez JL, Chaparro-Sánchez A, Manjarrez-Téllez B, Uribe-Noguez LA, Gaytán-Martínez J, Núñez-Armendáriz M, Cruz-Sánchez A, Núñez-Rodríguez N, Iván MA, Morales-González GS, Álvarez-Mendoza JP, Pérez-Barragán E, Ríos-De Los Ríos J, Contreras-Chávez GG, Tapia-Magallanes DM, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Díaz-López M, Olivares-Labastida A, Gómez-Delgado A, Torres J, Miranda-Duarte A, Zenteno JC, Pompa-Mera EN. Contribution of APOA5, APOC3, CETP, ABCA1 and SIK3 genetic variants to hypertriglyceridemia development in Mexican HIV-patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2022; 32:101-110. [PMID: 34693928 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from APOA5, APOC3, CETP, ATP binding cassette transporter A1 and SIK3 genes in the development of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV patients under antiretroviral therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was developed. Leukocytic genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping for SNPs rs662799, rs964184, rs5128, rs2854116, rs2854117, rs3764261, rs4149310, rs4149267 and rs139961185 was performed by real time-PCR using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, in Mexican mestizo patients with HIV infection, with hypertriglyceridemia (>1.7 mmol/L) under antiretroviral therapy. Genetic variants were also investigated in a control group of normolipidemic HIV patients (≤ 1.7 mmol/L). Haplotypes and gene interactions were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 602 HIV patients were genotyped (316 cases and 286 controls). Age and antiretroviral regimen based on protease inhibitors were associated with hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0002. respectively). SNP rs964184 GG genotype in APOA5 gene exhibited the highest association with hypertriglyceridemia risk (OR, 3.2, 95% CI, 1.7-5.8, P = 0.0001); followed by SNP rs139961185 in SIK3 gene (OR = 2.3; (95% CI, 1.1-4.8; P = 0.03 for AA vs. AG genotype; and APOC3 rs5128 GG genotype, (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9; P = 0.04) under codominant models. These associations were maintained in the adjusted analysis by age and protease inhibitors based antiretroviral regimens. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an association between rs964184 in APOA5; rs5128 in APOC3 and rs139961185 in SIK3 and high triglyceride concentrations in Mexican HIV-patients receiving protease inhibitors. These genetic factors may influence the adverse effects related to antiretroviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Saúl Bautista-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - José Antonio Mata-Marín
- Servicio de Infectología de Adultos, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza"
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús Gaytán-Martínez
- Servicio de Infectología de Adultos, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza"
| | | | | | | | - Martínez-Abarca Iván
- Hospital General Regional 72, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS. Tlalnepantla, Estado de México
| | | | | | | | - Jussara Ríos-De Los Ríos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Gerson Gabriel Contreras-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Denisse Marielle Tapia-Magallanes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Rosa Maria Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Mónica Díaz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Azucena Olivares-Labastida
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Antonio Miranda-Duarte
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra"
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana"
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ericka Nelly Pompa-Mera
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Velozo CDA, Lamarão FRM, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Cardoso CC. Pharmacogenetics of HIV therapy: State of the art in Latin American countries. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220120. [PMID: 36190287 PMCID: PMC9527759 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in a remarkable reduction in morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV worldwide. Nevertheless, interindividual variations in drug response often impose a challenge to cART effectiveness. Although personalized therapeutic regimens may help overcome incidence of adverse reactions and therapeutic failure attributed to host factors, pharmacogenetic studies are often restricted to a few populations. Latin American countries accounted for 2.1 million people living with HIV and 1.4 million undergoing cART in 2020-21. The present review describes the state of art of HIV pharmacogenetics in this region and highlights that such analyses remain to be given the required relevance. A broad analysis of pharmacogenetic markers in Latin America could not only provide a better understanding of genetic structure of these populations, but might also be crucial to develop more informative dosing algorithms, applicable to non-European populations.
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva ASD, Cavalcanti MDSDM, Belmont TFDM, Ximenes RADA, Silva AVD, Nóbrega DND, Souza RDS, Farias ICC, do Ó KP, Vasconcelos LRS, Diniz GTN, Miranda-Filho DDB. The 1G/1G+1G/2G Genotypes of MMP1 rs1799750 Are Associated with Higher Levels of MMP-1 and Are Both Associated with Lipodystrophy in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:399-406. [PMID: 33587019 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In HIV-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated to adipose tissue redistribution known as lipodystrophy (LD). This study aimed at verifying the association between the polymorphism of the MMP1 gene (rs1799750) (1G/2G) and the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) with LD and its subtypes in people living with HIV on ART. This is a cross-secional study. LD was self-reported. The determination of the MMP1 rs1799750 gene polymorphism was performed by real-time PCR, and the serum concentrations of MMP-1 were quantified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Of 404 participants, 204 (51%) were diagnosed with LD, of whom 89 (43%) had mixed lipodystrophy (ML), 72 (35%) had lipohypertrophy (LH), and 43 (22%) had lipoatrophy (LA). There was an association between the genotypes 1G/1G+1G/2G and higher serum levels of MMP-1 (p = .025). There was no association of MMP1 (1G/2G) with LD. Other factors associated with LD were current CD4 ≤ 350 [odds ratio (OR) = 4.85, confidence interval (CI) = 1.78-47.99, p = .0033] and serum MMP-1 levels >6.81 (OR = 2.67, CI = 1.21-6.08, p = .0165). Factors associated with ML: current CD4 ≤ 350 (OR = 5.59, CI = 1.69-20.39, p = .006); with LH: number of antiretroviral regimens used: 2 (OR = 2.06, CI = 1.01-4.20, p = .0460) and 3+ (OR = 2.09, CI = 1.00-4.35, p = .0477), and current CD4 ≤ 350 (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.00-4.24, p = .0461); and with LA: current viral load >40 (OR = 2.52, CI = 1.03-5.91, p = .0372) and current use of zidovudine (OR = 2.97, CI = 1.32-6.54, p = .0074). Higher levels of MMP-1 were associated with genotypes 1G/2G+1G/1G and with LD. Other individual risk factors were independently associated with LD, and its subtypes, suggesting that the pathogenesis itself is differently manifested for each type of LD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Srinivasan R, Padmapriyadarsini C, Ramesh K, Sanjeeva G, Reddy D, Suresh E, Kumar R, Sathyamoorthy P, Swaminathan S, Shet A. APOC3 Gene Polymorphism and Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Dyslipidemia in HIV-Infected Children. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:92-100. [PMID: 33115242 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Children exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk of developing metabolic complications. The association between gene polymorphisms and the development of dyslipidemia in children post ART initiation was studied. Children initiating first-line ART were followed for 2 years at the National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Chennai, India), and St. John's Medical College Hospital (Bangalore, India). Clinical examination and fasting serum lipid profiles were measured every 6 months. Participants were genotyped for the polymorphisms in the APOC3 gene (rs2854116; rs2854117, and rs5128). Changes in lipid levels from baseline to months 6, 12, and 24, and the difference between the various genotype variants were analyzed using a modified analysis of variance test. Study enrolled 393 ART-naive HIV-infected children (mean age: 7.6 ± 3 years, mean weight: 18 ± 6) of whom 289 (75%) were started on nevirapine (NVP)-based ART and the remaining 96 (25%) were started on efavirenz-based ART. Only children carrying the GG allele of rs5128 genotype showed a decrease in CD4% and serum triglycerides pre-ART. An increasing trend of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were seen at 6 months in both EFZ and NVP groups, which subsequently stabilized by 12 months irrespective of genotype variants. Genotype variants of APOC3 (rs2854116 and rs2854117 polymorphism) did not show significant changes in serum lipid levels after 24 months of ART, whereas rs5128 polymorphism with "G" allele showed an association with HDL-c levels when on NVP-based ART. Our results suggest that ART plays a major role in normalizing lipid levels in HIV-infected children and APOC3 polymorphisms may not play a significant role in ART-induced dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G.N. Sanjeeva
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Devarajulu Reddy
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Elumalai Suresh
- Institute of Child Health and Children's Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Anita Shet
- St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
da Silva AS, Carvalho TL, do Ó KP, da Nóbrega DN, Dos Santos Souza R, da Silva Lima VF, Farias ICC, de Mendonça Belmont TF, de Mendonça Cavalcanti MDS, de Barros Miranda-Filho D. Association of the polymorphisms of the genes APOC3 (rs2854116), ESR2 (rs3020450), HFE (rs1799945), MMP1 (rs1799750) and PPARG (rs1801282) with lipodystrophy in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4779-4787. [PMID: 32323264 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify data reported in the literature concerning the association of APOC3 (rs2854116), ESR2 (rs3020450), HFE (rs1799945), MMP1 (rs1799750) and PPARG (rs1801282) polymorphisms with lipodystrophy in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) on antirretroviral therapy. The research was conducted in six databases and the studies were selected in two steps. First, a search was undertaken in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, World Wide Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scielo, Lilacs and Medcarib. The titles and abstracts of 24,859 articles were read to select those that match the elegibilty criteria. Five papers that addressed the association of HAART, lipodystrophy and polymorphisms were selected for the review. There was no association between the polymorphisms of the genes APOC3 and PPARG and lipodystrophy. Another study described an association between the variant allele (G) of HFE and protection concerning the development of lipoatrophy (0.02) when compared with the reference allele (C). On the other hand, the variant allele (T) of the ESR2 gene was associated with the development of lipoatrophy (p = 0.007) when compared with the reference allele (C). In addition, the genotype and the variant allele of the gene MMP1 (2G) were associated with lipodystrophy in PLWHIV on HAART (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Therefore, further studies with other populations, involving PLWHIV on HAART are necessary to better understand the role of genetic markers, which may be involved in a predisposition to lipodystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Lins Carvalho
- Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz (HUOC), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kleyton Palmeira do Ó
- Instituto de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tagliari CFDS, de Oliveira CN, Vogel GM, da Silva PB, Linden R, Lazzaretti RK, Notti RK, Sprinz E, Mattevi VS. Investigation of SIRT1 gene variants in HIV-associated lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190142. [PMID: 32106282 PMCID: PMC7198015 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals on chronic use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are more likely to develop adipose tissue and metabolic disorders, such as lipodystrophy (LD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The development of these phenotypes is known to be multifactorial. Thus, variants in genes implicated in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism may increase susceptibility to LD and MetS. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) may influence the outcome of these disturbances due to its role in the regulation of transcription factors involved in energy regulation. Therefore, we genotyped four polymorphisms located in SIRT1 (rs2273773 T>C, rs12413112 G>A, rs7895833 A>G, rs12049646 T>C) in 832 HIV-infected patients receiving HAART by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of LD was 55.8% and MetS was 35.3%. Lipoatrophy was the most prevalent subtype in all samples (38.0%) and showed significant difference between white and non-white individuals (P = 0.002). None of the genetic variants investigated in SIRT1 was associated with LD and MetS. White individuals and those in longer time of HAART use were more likely to develop LD. We concluded that these SIRT1 polymorphisms are not predictive factors to the development of lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected individuals from Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cáren Nunes de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Greice Meyer Vogel
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Baptista da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Universidade Feevale, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Kuhmmer Lazzaretti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Kuhmmer Notti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obirikorang C, Acheampong E, Quaye L, Yorke J, Amos-Abanyie EK, Akyaw PA, Anto EO, Bani SB, Asamoah EA, Batu EN. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dyslipidemia in antiretroviral exposed HIV patients in a Ghanaian population: A case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227779. [PMID: 31929604 PMCID: PMC6957303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a potential complication of long-term usage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and also known to be associated with genetic factors. The host genetic variants associated with dyslipidemia in HIV patients on ART in Ghana have not been fully explored. The study constituted a total of 289 HIV-infected patients on stable ART for at least a year. Fasting blood was collected into EDTA tube for lipids measurement. Lipid profiles were used to define dyslipidemia based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria. HIV-infected subjects were categorized into two groups; those with dyslipidemia (cases) (n = 90; 31.1%) and without dyslipidemia (controls)(n = 199; 68.9%). Four candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genes (ABCA1-rs2066714, LDLR-rs6511720, APOA5-rs662799 and DSCAML1-rs10892151) were determined. Genotyping was performed on isolated genomic DNA of study participants using PCR followed by a multiplex ligation detection reaction (LDR). The percentage of the population who had the rare homozygote alleles for rs6511720 (T/T), rs2066714 (G/G), rs10892151 (T/T) and rs662799 (G/G) among case subjects were 5.5%, 14.4%, 6.6% and 10.0% whiles 2.0% 9.1%, 6.5% and 4.0% were observed among control subjects. There were statistically significant differences in the genotypic prevalence of APOA5 (p = 0.0357) and LDLR polymorphisms (p = 0.0387) between case and control subjects. Compared to the AA genotype of the APOA5 polymorphisms, individuals with the rare homozygote genotype [aOR = 2.38, 95%CI(1.06-6.54), p = 0.004] were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of developing dyslipidemia after controlling for age, gender, treatment duration, CD4 counts and BMI. Moreover, individuals with the rare homozygous genotype of ABCA1 (G/G) [aOR = 10.7(1.3-88.7), p = 0.0280] and LDLR (rs6511720) G>T [aOR = 61.2(7.6-493.4), p<0.0001) were more likely to have high levels of total cholesterol levels. Our data accentuate the presence of SNPs in four candidate genes and their association with dyslipidemia among HIV patients exposed to ART in the Ghanaian population, especially variants in APOA5-rs662799 and LDLR rs6511720 respectively. These findings provide baseline information that necessitates a pre-symptomatic strategy for monitoring dyslipidemia in ART-treated HIV patients. There is a need for longitudinal studies to validate a comprehensive number of SNPs and their associations with dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Lawrence Quaye
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Joseph Yorke
- Department of Surgery, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernestine Kubi Amos-Abanyie
- H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Project, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Priscilla Abena Akyaw
- H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Project, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Simon Bannison Bani
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Evans Adu Asamoah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuella Nsenbah Batu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Niu C, Luo Z, Yu L, Yang Y, Chen Y, Luo X, Lai F, Song Y. Associations of the APOB rs693 and rs17240441 polymorphisms with plasma APOB and lipid levels: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:166. [PMID: 28874158 PMCID: PMC5586014 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of the apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) rs693 and rs17240441 polymorphisms with plasma levels of APOB and lipids have been widely explored, but the results were inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the associations of the rs693 and rs17240441 polymorphisms with fasting APOB and lipid levels. METHODS Sixty-one studies (50,018 subjects) and 23 studies (8425 subjects) were respectively identified for the rs693 and rs17240441 polymorphisms by searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP and CNKI databases. The following information was collected for each study: first author, age, gender, ethnicity, health condition, sample size, genotyping, lipid assay method, mean and standard deviation or standard error of APOB and lipid variables by genotypes. A dominant model was used for this meta-analysis. RESULTS The carriers of the rs693 variant allele (T) had higher levels of APOB [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16-0.36, P < 0.01], triglycerides (TG) (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05-0.20, P < 0.01), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.17-0.30, P < 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.14-0.30, P < 0.01), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.11-0.01, P = 0.01) than the non-carriers. The carriers of the rs17240441 deletion allele had higher levels of APOB (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.06-0.20, P < 0.01), TC (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07-0.26, P < 0.01) and LDL-C (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.07-0.23, P < 0.01) than the non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The rs693 polymorphism is significantly associated with higher levels of APOB, TG, TC and LDL-C, and lower levels of HDL-C. The rs17240441 polymorphism is significantly associated with higher levels of APOB, TC and LDL-C. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Niu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuqin Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiya Lai
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
After the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the 1990s, the perception of the diagnosis of HIV infection gradually shifted from a 'death sentence' to a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment. The host genetic variability has been shown to play a relevant role in both antiretroviral drugs bioavailability and adverse effects susceptibility. Knowledge about pharmacogenetics role in HIV infection treatment has largely increased over the last years, and is reviewed in the present report, as well as future perspectives for the inclusion of pharmacogenetics information in the directing of HIV infection treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Mattevi
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmela Fs Tagliari
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kodogo V, Zhou DT, Oektedalen O, Duri K, Stray-Pedersen B, Gomo E. Apolipoprotein B Gene Polymorphisms and Dyslipidemia in HIV Infected Adult Zimbabweans. Open AIDS J 2016; 10:190-198. [PMID: 27790293 PMCID: PMC5070423 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601610010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia does not occur in all HIV-infected or antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients suggesting role of host genetic factors but there is paucity of data on association between dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms in Zimbabwe. Objective: To determine association of lipoprotein levels and apolipoprotein B polymorphisms in HIV-infected adults. Method: Demographic data were collected from 103 consenting patients; lipoprotein levels were determined and blood samples were successfully genotyped for both apolipoprotein B 2488C>T Xba1 and apolipoprotein B 4154G>A p.Gln4154Lys EcoR1 polymorphisms by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Mean age of genotyped patients was 40.3 ± 10.1 years, 68% were female; prevalence of dyslipidemia was 67.4%. Of 103 samples genotyped for apolipoprotein B Xba1 polymorphism, 76 (74%) were homozygous C/C, 24 (23%) were heterozygous C/T and only three (3%) were homozygous T/T. Apolipoprotein B EcoR1 polymorphism showed little variability, one participant had rare genotype A/A, 68.3% had wild type genotype G/G. Conclusion: Observed frequencies of apolipoprotein B XbaI and EcoRI polymorphisms matched other African studies. In spite of low numbers of rare variants, there was positive association between both total cholestrol and high density lipoprotein with ECoR1 wild type G/G genotype, suggesting that ECoRI 4154 G allele could be more protective against coronary heart disease than EcoR1 4154 A allele. There is need for further research at population level to confirm whether apolipoprotein B ECoR1 genotyping is useful for predicting risk of dyslipidemia in HIV patients in our setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaris Kodogo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Danai Tavonga Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Oektedalen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kerina Duri
- Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Babill Stray-Pedersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, and Womens Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Exnevia Gomo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arruda MB, Campagnari F, de Almeida TB, Couto-Fernandez JC, Tanuri A, Cardoso CC. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cellular Drug Transporters Are Associated with Intolerance to Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazilian HIV-1 Positive Individuals. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163170. [PMID: 27648838 PMCID: PMC5029869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse reactions are the main cause of treatment discontinuation among HIV+ individuals. Genes related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) influence drug bioavailability and treatment response. We have investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 29 ADME genes and intolerance to therapy in a case-control study including 764 individuals. Results showed that 15 SNPs were associated with intolerance to nucleoside and 11 to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NNRTIs), and 8 to protease inhibitors (PIs) containing regimens under alpha = 0.05. After Bonferroni adjustment, two associations remained statistically significant. SNP rs2712816, at SLCO2B1 was associated to intolerance to NRTIs (ORGA/AA = 2.37; p = 0.0001), while rs4148396, at ABCC2, conferred risk of intolerance to PIs containing regimens (ORCT/TT = 2.64; p = 0.00009). Accordingly, haplotypes carrying rs2712816A and rs4148396T alleles were also associated to risk of intolerance to NRTIs and PIs, respectively. Our data reinforce the role of drug transporters in response to HIV therapy and may contribute to a future development of personalized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Barcellos Arruda
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Tailah Bernardo de Almeida
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Cynthia Chester Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Polymorphisms associated with renal adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy in a Southern Brazilian HIV cohort. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2016; 25:541-7. [PMID: 26287941 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the impact of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in five candidate genes (ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCC4, SLC22A6, and SLC22A11) in relation to nephrotoxicity associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS The following single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR: ABCB1 rs1045642, ABCC2 rs717620 and rs2273697, ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs3742106, SLC22A6 rs11568626, and SLC22A11 rs11231809 in 507 HIV-infected patients from the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, receiving HAART for, at least, 1 year. RESULTS From the 507 HIV-infected patients recruited, 19.1% presented a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A total of 16 (3.2%) patients fulfilled the criteria for chronic kidney disease (defined as eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m). Individuals carrying at least one T allele of ABCC2 -24 C>T (rs717620) presented lower eGFR than C/C homozygotes (104 ± 22 vs. 108 ± 22 ml/min/1.73 m, independent-samples t-test, P=0.040). In multivariate analysis, the predictors associated with decreased eGFR were time of treatment, tenofovir use, atazanavir/ritonavir use, and carrying one T allele of ABCC2 -24 C>T. CONCLUSION Our data support the importance of genetic factors in the etiology of nephrotoxicity in patients treated with HAART. Studies to verify treatment implications of genotyping before HAART initiation may be advisable to guide the selection of an appropriate antiretroviral therapy regimen.
Collapse
|
16
|
Aranalde LCR, Pederzoli BS, Marten T, Barros FC, Basso RP, Silveira JM, Valle SC, Pieniz S, Araujo RC, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Schadock I, Schneider A, Barros CC. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism affects the lipid profile and the prognosis of nutritional intervention in HIV-positive patients. Nutr Res 2016; 36:564-74. [PMID: 27188902 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis of the present study is that the polymorphisms in the APOC3, CEPT, ACE, and ACTN3 genes can affect the outcome of nutritional intervention and the plasma lipid profile of HIV+ patients. To test the hypothesis, genetic material was collected from buccal cells, and serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Sixty-five patients were analyzed. The incorporation of protease inhibitor (PI) was more frequent in women (77% vs 33% in men). Nutritional intervention improved anthropometric parameters independent of the genotype. Patients with the RR genotype for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism had lower glycemia (RR = 95.4 ± 6.5 mg/dL, RX = 102.6 ± 10.6 mg/dL, XX = 110.1 ± 16.3 mg/dL; P = .03) and a greater reduction in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) after intervention (LDL: RR = -23.7 ± 15.8 mg/dL, RX = 1.32 ± 5.13 mg/dL, XX = 30.21 ± 24.4 mg/dL; P = .01). Patients using PI had a negative response to dietary intervention regarding the levels of high-density lipoprotein (-2.4 ± 1.70 with PI, 2.56 ± 1.60 mg/dL without PI; P = .02), very low density lipoprotein (0.84 ± 2.73 with IP, -5.46 ± 3.37 mg/dL without PI; P = .03), and triglycerides (1.79 ± 13.22 with PI, -34.00 ± 17.67 mg/dL without PI; P = .052). This response was also independent of the genotype (P > 0.05) and suggested the need for oral lipid-lowering drugs in all HIV+ patients using PI. Our results indicate that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is a good predictor of both the lipid profile and the prognosis of nutritional intervention in reducing LDL in HIV+ patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C R Aranalde
- School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Pederzoli
- School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Thais Marten
- School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flavio C Barros
- Paulista University, Rua Luís Goes, 2211 Mirandópolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana P Basso
- University Hospital Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Jr.-Federal University of Rio Grande, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jussara M Silveira
- University Hospital Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Jr.-Federal University of Rio Grande, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandra C Valle
- School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Simone Pieniz
- School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C Araujo
- Department of Biophysics-Federal University of São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry-Federal University of São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ines Schadock
- School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Augusto Schneider
- School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Barros
- School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Calza L, Colangeli V, Manfredi R, Bon I, Re MC, Viale P. Clinical management of dyslipidaemia associated with combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1451-65. [PMID: 26846208 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has had a remarkable impact on the natural history of HIV infection, leading to a dramatic decline in the mortality rate and a considerable increase in the life expectancy of HIV-positive people. However, cART use is frequently associated with several metabolic complications, mostly represented by lipid metabolism alterations, which are reported very frequently among persons treated with antiretroviral agents. In particular, hyperlipidaemia occurs in up to 70%-80% of HIV-positive subjects receiving cART and is mainly associated with specific antiretroviral drugs belonging to three classes of antiretroviral agents: NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs. The potential long-term consequences of cART-associated dyslipidaemia are not completely understood, but an increased risk of premature coronary heart disease has been reported in HIV-infected patients on cART, so prompt correction of lipid metabolism abnormalities is mandatory in this population. Dietary changes, regular aerobic exercise and switching to a different antiretroviral regimen associated with a more favourable metabolic profile are the first steps in clinical management, but lipid-lowering therapy with fibrates or statins is often required. In this case, the choice of hypolipidaemic drugs should take into account the potential pharmacokinetic interactions with many antiretroviral agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Calza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti n.11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Colangeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti n.11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfredi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti n.11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Bon
- Department of Specialized, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti n.11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Re
- Department of Specialized, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti n.11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti n.11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alves MD, Brites C, Sprinz E. HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a review from a Brazilian perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2014; 10:559-66. [PMID: 25083134 PMCID: PMC4108257 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s35075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals has dramatically improved worldwide since the introduction of highly antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, along with the decrease in mortality, several body modifications not initially related to HIV infection have been reported. Disorders in lipid and glucose metabolism, accompanied by body shape abnormalities and alterations in fat distribution, began to be described. A syndrome, named "HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome", was coined to classify these clinical spectrum aspects. This syndrome involves not only metabolic alterations but also fat redistribution, with lipoatrophy due to subcutaneous fat loss (predominantly in the face and lower limbs) and lipohypertrophy related to central fat gain. These changes in body shape are very important to be recognized, as they are associated with worse morbidity and mortality. Self-esteem difficulties related to body alterations might lead to treatment failures due to medication adherence problems. Moreover, these alterations have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify this syndrome early in order to provide an even better quality of life for this population, as the clinical approach is not easy. Treatment change, medications to treat dyslipidemia, and surgical intervention are instruments to be used to try to correct these abnormalities. The aim of this study is to review clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of body shape and metabolic complications of HIV infection from a Brazilian perspective, a medium income country with a large number of patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle D Alves
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brites
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|