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Thabiani Aziz A. Distribution and mitochondrial CO1-based genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti L (Culicidae: Diptera) in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103566. [PMID: 36748075 PMCID: PMC9898440 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) act as vectors for various pathogens and parasites that affect millions of people worldwide. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is one of the devastating pests of humans, acting as a key vector of dengue viruses. Therefore, correct identification of this serious pest to determine its distribution is paramount in its management. Morphological identification is usually based on the maturity and quality of the specimens. This can still yield ambiguous results in distinguishing Ae. aegypti species due to limited taxonomic expertise and the presence of cryptic species. In this research, mitochondrial CO1 gene-based identification was adopted to analyze 7 samples, each containing 7 specimens of Ae. aegypti from various localities of Saudi Arabia: Jeddah (A1), Makkah (A2), Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (A4), Jazan (A5), Qunfudah (A6), Yanbu (A8), and Najran (A10). DNA barcoding and maximum likelihood (ML) tree analysis revealed that all 49 species belong to Ae. aegypti and showed high similarity with specimens of this species worldwide.
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Trivellone V, Cao Y, Blackshear M, Kim CH, Stone C. Landscape Composition Affects Elements of Metacommunity Structure for Culicidae Across South-Eastern Illinois. Front Public Health 2022; 10:872812. [PMID: 35592085 PMCID: PMC9110776 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay among invasive alien vectors and the species assemblage of native potential vectors in areas of range expansion may affect the dynamics of pathogen transmission. In this study we investigate how Aedes albopictus, an invasive mosquito of considerable public health concern fits within mosquito communities at the edge of its range of distribution. This was addressed using a 2-year field survey of mosquitoes in south-eastern Illinois. We found that Ae. albopictus was more broadly distributed in this region than previously realized, with new occurrence records for nine counties. Abundance of this species varied strongly and peaked in locations of low-intermediate overall mosquito species richness. This differed from overall mosquito abundance, as well as abundance of another important vector, Cx. pipiens, for which the abundance-richness relationships were best described with power functions. Metacommunity analyses revealed that mosquito communities showed a non-random distribution with a Clementsian gradient, which suggests a pattern whereby distinct species assemblages are associated with specific habitats or environmental conditions. Land use was a significant underlying factor shaping mosquito community structure and species assemblages. Multivariate analyses showed that while Ae. canadensis and Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes were associated with high and low proportions of wetlands in the environment, respectively, Ae. albopictus was most strongly associated with urban settlements. This work sheds light on landscape-level processes, such as niche differentiation driven by urban and agricultural development, structuring mosquito communities. We suggest that mosquito community assessments across habitats be incorporated as part of a One Health vector surveillance approach to aid in the goal of prediction and prevention of new and (re-)emerging vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Yanghui Cao
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Millon Blackshear
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Christopher Stone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Elnour MAB, Gloria-Soria A, Azrag RS, Alkhaibari AM, Powell JR, Salim B. Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies. Front Genet 2022; 13:825652. [PMID: 35251133 PMCID: PMC8889412 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in arbovirus outbreaks in Sudan are vectored by Aedes aegypti, raising the medical importance of this mosquito. We genotyped 12 microsatellite loci in four populations of Ae. aegypti from Sudan, two from the East and two from the West, and analyzed them together with a previously published database of 31 worldwide populations to infer population structure and investigate the demographic history of this species in Sudan. Our results revealed the presence of two genetically distinct subspecies of Ae. aegypti in Sudan. These are Ae. aegypti aegypti in Eastern Sudan and Ae. aegypti formosus in Western Sudan. Clustering analysis showed that mosquitoes from East Sudan are genetically homogeneous, while we found population substructure in West Sudan. In the global context our results indicate that Eastern Sudan populations are genetically closer to Asian and American populations, while Western Sudan populations are related to East and West African populations. Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis supports a scenario in which Ae. aegypti entered Sudan in at least two independent occasions nearly 70–80 years ago. This study provides a baseline database that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions for this invasive species into Sudan. The presence of the two subspecies in the country should be consider when designing interventions, since they display different behaviors regarding epidemiologically relevant parameters, such as blood feeding preferences and ability to transmit disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed-Ahmed B. Elnour
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rasha S. Azrag
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abeer M. Alkhaibari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeffrey R. Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bashir Salim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
- *Correspondence: Bashir Salim,
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Soghigian J, Gloria‐Soria A, Robert V, Le Goff G, Failloux A, Powell JR. Genetic evidence for the origin of Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3593-3606. [PMID: 33463828 PMCID: PMC7589284 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is among the best-studied mosquitoes due to its critical role as a vector of human pathogens and ease of laboratory rearing. Until now, this species was thought to have originated in continental Africa, and subsequently colonized much of the world following the establishment of global trade routes. However, populations of this mosquito on the islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO), where the species occurs with its nearest relatives referred to as the Aegypti Group, have received little study. We re-evaluated the evolutionary history of Ae. aegypti and these relatives, using three data sets: nucleotide sequence data, 18,489 SNPs and 12 microsatellites. We found that: (a) the Aegypti Group diverged 16 MYA (95% HPD: 7-28 MYA) from its nearest African/Asian ancestor; (b) SWIO populations of Ae. aegypti are basal to continental African populations; (c) after diverging 7 MYA (95% HPD: 4-15 MYA) from its nearest formally described relative (Ae. mascarensis), Ae. aegypti moved to continental Africa less than 85,000 years ago, where it recently (<1,000 years ago) split into two recognized subspecies Ae. aegypti formosus and a human commensal, Ae. aegypti aegypti; (d) the Madagascar samples form a clade more distant from all other Ae. aegypti than the named species Ae. mascarensis, implying that Madagascar may harbour a new cryptic species; and (e) there is evidence of introgression between Ae. mascarensis and Ae. aegypti on Réunion, and between the two subspecies elsewhere in the SWIO, a likely consequence of recent introductions of domestic Ae. aegypti aegypti from Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Soghigian
- Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Andrea Gloria‐Soria
- Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic DiseasesDepartment of Environmental SciencesThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment StationNew HavenCTUSA
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Wei Y, Wang J, Song Z, He Y, Zheng Z, Fan P, Yang D, Zhou G, Zhong D, Zheng X. Patterns of spatial genetic structures in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in China. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:552. [PMID: 31752961 PMCID: PMC6873696 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world and the vector for several arboviruses including dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. Understanding the population spatial genetic structure, migration, and gene flow of vector species is critical to effectively preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases. Little is known about the population structure and genetic differentiation of native Ae. albopictus in China. The aim of this study was to examine the patterns of the spatial genetic structures of native Ae. albopictus populations, and their relationship to dengue incidence, on a large geographical scale. Methods During 2016–2018, adult female Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected by human landing catch (HLC) or human-bait sweep-net collections in 34 localities across China. Thirteen microsatellite markers were used to examine the patterns of genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among native Ae. albopictus populations. The correlation between population genetic indices and dengue incidence was also examined. Results A total of 153 distinct alleles were identified at the 13 microsatellite loci in the tested populations. All loci were polymorphic, with the number of distinct alleles ranging from eight to sixteen. Genetic parameters such as PIC, heterozygosity, allelic richness and fixation index (FST) revealed highly polymorphic markers, high genetic diversity, and low population genetic differentiation. In addition, Bayesian analysis of population structure showed two distinct genetic groups in southern-western and eastern-central-northern China. The Mantel test indicated a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance (R2 = 0.245, P = 0.01). STRUCTURE analysis, PCoA and GLS interpolation analysis indicated that Ae. albopictus populations in China were regionally clustered. Gene flow and relatedness estimates were generally high between populations. We observed no correlation between population genetic indices of microsatellite loci in Ae. albopictus populations and dengue incidence. Conclusion Strong gene flow probably assisted by human activities inhibited population differentiation and promoted genetic diversity among populations of Ae. albopictus. This may represent a potential risk of rapid spread of mosquito-borne diseases. The spatial genetic structure, coupled with the association between genetic indices and dengue incidence, may have important implications for understanding the epidemiology, prevention, and control of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiatian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangyao Song
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dizi Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Suesdek L. Microevolution of medically important mosquitoes - A review. Acta Trop 2019; 191:162-171. [PMID: 30529448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to discuss central issues regarding the microevolution of mosquito (Culicidae) vectors of several pathogens and how this process impacts vector biology, disease transmission, and vector control attempts. On the microevolutionary context, it comparatively discusses the current knowledge on the population genetics of representatives of the genera Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, and comments on insecticide resistance of culicids. It also discusses other biological aspects of culicids that are not usually addressed in microevolutionary studies, such as vectorial competence, endosymbiosis, and wing morphology. One conclusion is that mosquitoes are highly genetically variable, adaptable, fast evolving, and have versatile vectorial competence. Unveiling microevolutionary patterns is fundamental for the design and maintenance of all control programs. Sampling methods for assessing microevolution must be standardized and must follow meaningful guidelines, such as those of "landscape genetics". A good understanding of microevolution requires more than a collection of case studies on population genetics and resistance. Future research could deal not only with the microevolution sensu stricto, but also with evolutionarily meaningful issues, such as inheritable characters, epigenetics, physiological cost-free plasticity, vector immunity, symbiosis, pathogen-mosquito co-evolution and environmental variables. A genotyping panel for seeking adaptive phenotypes as part of the standardization of population genetics methods is proposed. The investigative paradigm should not only be retrospective but also prospective, despite the unpredictability of evolution. If we integrate all suggestions to tackle mosquito evolution, a global revolution to counter vector-borne diseases can be provoked.
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Kotsakiozi P, Gloria-Soria A, Schaffner F, Robert V, Powell JR. Aedes aegypti in the Black Sea: recent introduction or ancient remnant? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:396. [PMID: 29980229 PMCID: PMC6035450 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti transmits viral diseases that have plagued humans for centuries. Its ancestral home are forests of Africa and ~400-600 years ago it invaded the New World and later Europe and Asia, causing some of the largest epidemics in human history. The species was rarely detected in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea after the 1950s, but during the last 16 years it re-appeared in Madeira, Russia and in the eastern coast of the Black Sea. We genotyped Ae. aegypti populations from the Black Sea region to investigate whether this is a recent invasion (and if so, where it came from) or a remnant of pre-eradication populations that extended across the Mediterranean. We also use the Black Sea populations together with a world reference panel of populations to shed more light into the phylogeographical history of this species. RESULTS Microsatellites and ~19,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) support the monophyletic origin of all populations outside Africa, with the New World as the site of first colonization. Considering the phylogenetic relationships, the Black Sea populations are basal to all Asian populations sampled. Bayesian analyses combined with multivariate analyses on both types of markers suggest that the Black Sea population is a remnant of an older population. Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis indicates with equal probability, that the origin of Black Sea populations was Asia or New World and assignment tests favor the New World. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that Ae. aegypti left Africa and arrived in New World ~500 years ago. The lineage that returned to the Old World and gave rise to present day Asia and the Black Sea populations split from the New World approximately 100-150 years ago. Globally, the Black Sea population is genetically closer to Asia, but still highly differentiated from both New World and Asian populations. This evidence, combined with bottleneck signatures and divergence time estimates, support the hypothesis of present day Black Sea populations being remnants of older populations, likely the now extinct Mediterranean populations that, consistent with the historic epidemiological record, likely represent the original return of Ae. aegypti to the Old World.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8105 USA
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06504 USA
| | - Francis Schaffner
- Francis Schaffner Consultancy, Lörracherstrasse 50, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Robert
- MIVEGEC Unit, IRD, CNRS, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Kotsakiozi P, Gloria-Soria A, Caccone A, Evans B, Schama R, Martins AJ, Powell JR. Tracking the return of Aedes aegypti to Brazil, the major vector of the dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005653. [PMID: 28742801 PMCID: PMC5526527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti, commonly known as "the yellow fever mosquito", is of great medical concern today primarily as the major vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses, although yellow fever remains a serious health concern in some regions. The history of Ae. aegypti in Brazil is of particular interest because the country was subjected to a well-documented eradication program during 1940s-1950s. After cessation of the campaign, the mosquito quickly re-established in the early 1970s with several dengue outbreaks reported during the last 30 years. Brazil can be considered the country suffering the most from the yellow fever mosquito, given the high number of dengue, chikungunya and Zika cases reported in the country, after having once been declared "free of Ae. aegypti". METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used 12 microsatellite markers to infer the genetic structure of Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations, genetic variability, genetic affinities with neighboring geographic areas, and the timing of their arrival and spread. This enabled us to reconstruct their recent history and evaluate whether the reappearance in Brazil was the result of re-invasion from neighboring non-eradicated areas or re-emergence from local refugia surviving the eradication program. Our results indicate a genetic break separating the northern and southern Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations, with further genetic differentiation within each cluster, especially in southern Brazil. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Based on our results, re-invasions from non-eradicated regions are the most likely scenario for the reappearance of Ae. aegypti in Brazil. While populations in the northern cluster are likely to have descended from Venezuela populations as early as the 1970s, southern populations seem to have derived more recently from northern Brazilian areas. Possible entry points are also revealed within both southern and northern clusters that could inform strategies to control and monitor this important arbovirus vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Kotsakiozi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Evans
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Renata Schama
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, IOC–Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey R. Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Laurito M, Ayala AM, Almirón WR, Gardenal CN. Molecular identification of two Culex (Culex) species of the neotropical region (Diptera: Culicidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173052. [PMID: 28235083 PMCID: PMC5325596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Culex bidens and C. interfor, implicated in arbovirus transmission in Argentina, are sister species, only distinguishable by feature of the male genitalia; however, intermediate specimens of the species in sympatry have been found. Fourth-instar larvae and females of both species share apomorphic features, and this lack of clear distinction creates problems for specific identification. Geometric morphometric traits of these life stages also do not distinguish the species. The aim of the present study was to assess the taxonomic status of C. bidens and C. interfor using two mitochondrial genes and to determine the degree of their reproductive isolation using microsatellite loci. Sequences of the ND4 and COI genes were concatenated in a matrix of 993 nucleotides and used for phylogenetic and distance analyses. Bayesian and maximum parsimony inferences showed a well resolved and supported topology, enclosing sequences of individuals of C. bidens (0.83 BPP, 73 BSV) and C. interfor (0.98 BPP, 97 BSV) in a strong sister relationship. The mean K2P distance within C. bidens and C. interfor was 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively, and the interspecific variation was 2.3%. Bayesian clustering also showed two distinct mitochondrial lineages. All sequenced mosquitoes were successfully identified in accordance with the best close match algorithm. The low genetic distance values obtained indicate that the species diverged quite recently. Most morphologically intermediate specimens of C. bidens from Córdoba were heterozygous for the microsatellite locus GT51; the significant heterozygote excess observed suggests incomplete reproductive isolation. However, C. bidens and C. interfor should be considered good species: the ventral arm of the phallosome of the male genitalia and the ND4 and COI sequences are diagnostic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Laurito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT) CONICET-UNC. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC)—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana M. Ayala
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET -Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Walter R. Almirón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT) CONICET-UNC. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC)—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina N. Gardenal
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET -Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Using Next-Generation Sequencing for DNA Barcoding: Capturing Allelic Variation in ITS2. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:19-29. [PMID: 27799340 PMCID: PMC5217108 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.036145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) is a popular DNA barcoding marker; however, in some animal species it is hypervariable and therefore difficult to sequence with traditional methods. With next-generation sequencing (NGS) it is possible to sequence all gene variants despite the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (indels), homopolymeric regions, and microsatellites. Our aim was to compare the performance of Sanger sequencing and NGS amplicon sequencing in characterizing ITS2 in 26 mosquito species represented by 88 samples. The suitability of ITS2 as a DNA barcoding marker for mosquitoes, and its allelic diversity in individuals and species, was also assessed. Compared to Sanger sequencing, NGS was able to characterize the ITS2 region to a greater extent, with resolution within and between individuals and species that was previously not possible. A total of 382 unique sequences (alleles) were generated from the 88 mosquito specimens, demonstrating the diversity present that has been overlooked by traditional sequencing methods. Multiple indels and microsatellites were present in the ITS2 alleles, which were often specific to species or genera, causing variation in sequence length. As a barcoding marker, ITS2 was able to separate all of the species, apart from members of the Culex pipiens complex, providing the same resolution as the commonly used Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI). The ability to cost-effectively sequence hypervariable markers makes NGS an invaluable tool with many applications in the DNA barcoding field, and provides insights into the limitations of previous studies and techniques.
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Yavasoglu SI, Yilmaz C, Ulger C, Simsek FM. Molecular identification and genetic structure of Aedes phoeniciae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northern Cyprus and Turkey. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gloria-Soria A, Ayala D, Bheecarry A, Calderon-Arguedas O, Chadee DD, Chiappero M, Coetzee M, Elahee KB, Fernandez-Salas I, Kamal HA, Kamgang B, Khater EIM, Kramer LD, Kramer V, Lopez-Solis A, Lutomiah J, Martins A, Micieli MV, Paupy C, Ponlawat A, Rahola N, Rasheed SB, Richardson JB, Saleh AA, Sanchez-Casas RM, Seixas G, Sousa CA, Tabachnick WJ, Troyo A, Powell JR. Global genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5377-5395. [PMID: 27671732 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti, are becoming important models for studying invasion biology. We characterized genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci in 79 populations of Ae. aegypti from 30 countries in six continents, and used them to infer historical and modern patterns of invasion. Our results support the two subspecies Ae. aegypti formosus and Ae. aegypti aegypti as genetically distinct units. Ae. aegypti aegypti populations outside Africa are derived from ancestral African populations and are monophyletic. The two subspecies co-occur in both East Africa (Kenya) and West Africa (Senegal). In rural/forest settings (Rabai District of Kenya), the two subspecies remain genetically distinct, whereas in urban settings, they introgress freely. Populations outside Africa are highly genetically structured likely due to a combination of recent founder effects, discrete discontinuous habitats and low migration rates. Ancestral populations in sub-Saharan Africa are less genetically structured, as are the populations in Asia. Introduction of Ae. aegypti to the New World coinciding with trans-Atlantic shipping in the 16th to 18th centuries was followed by its introduction to Asia in the late 19th century from the New World or from now extinct populations in the Mediterranean Basin. Aedes mascarensis is a genetically distinct sister species to Ae. aegypti s.l. This study provides a reference database of genetic diversity that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions that occur regularly for this invasive species. The genetic uniqueness of many populations and regions has important implications for attempts to control Ae. aegypti, especially for the methods using genetic modification of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Ayala
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France.,Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ambicadutt Bheecarry
- Vector Biology and Control Division, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Olger Calderon-Arguedas
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Dave D Chadee
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, WI
| | - Marina Chiappero
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maureen Coetzee
- School of Pathology, Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Khouaildi Bin Elahee
- Vector Biology and Control Division, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Mauritius
| | | | - Hany A Kamal
- Dallah Establishment, Pest Control Projects, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Research Unit Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Oganisation de Coordination pour la lute contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Emad I M Khater
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Kramer
- Vector Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alma Lopez-Solis
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública INSP, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 54628-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ademir Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Victoria Micieli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christophe Paupy
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | | | - Nil Rahola
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Syed Basit Rasheed
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Amag A Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosa Maria Sanchez-Casas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Escobedo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla A Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Walter J Tabachnick
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, IFAS, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Troyo
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jeffrey R Powell
- Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
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Genetic deviation in geographically close populations of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): influence of environmental barriers in South India. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1149-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Murugan K, Vadivalagan C, Karthika P, Panneerselvam C, Paulpandi M, Subramaniam J, Wei H, Aziz AT, Alsalhi MS, Devanesan S, Nicoletti M, Paramasivan R, Parajulee MN, Benelli G. DNA barcoding and molecular evolution of mosquito vectors of medical and veterinary importance. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:107-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Ashfaq M, Hebert PDN, Mirza JH, Khan AM, Zafar Y, Mirza MS. Analyzing mosquito (Diptera: culicidae) diversity in Pakistan by DNA barcoding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97268. [PMID: 24827460 PMCID: PMC4036727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although they are important disease vectors mosquito biodiversity in Pakistan is poorly known. Recent epidemics of dengue fever have revealed the need for more detailed understanding of the diversity and distributions of mosquito species in this region. DNA barcoding improves the accuracy of mosquito inventories because morphological differences between many species are subtle, leading to misidentifications. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sequence variation in the barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene was used to identify mosquito species, reveal genetic diversity, and map the distribution of the dengue-vector species in Pakistan. Analysis of 1684 mosquitoes from 491 sites in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2010-2013 revealed 32 species with the assemblage dominated by Culex quinquefasciatus (61% of the collection). The genus Aedes (Stegomyia) comprised 15% of the specimens, and was represented by six taxa with the two dengue vector species, Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, dominant and broadly distributed. Anopheles made up another 6% of the catch with An. subpictus dominating. Barcode sequence divergence in conspecific specimens ranged from 0-2.4%, while congeneric species showed from 2.3-17.8% divergence. A global haplotype analysis of disease-vectors showed the presence of multiple haplotypes, although a single haplotype of each dengue-vector species was dominant in most countries. Geographic distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus showed the later species was dominant and found in both rural and urban environments. CONCLUSIONS As the first DNA-based analysis of mosquitoes in Pakistan, this study has begun the construction of a barcode reference library for the mosquitoes of this region. Levels of genetic diversity varied among species. Because of its capacity to differentiate species, even those with subtle morphological differences, DNA barcoding aids accurate tracking of vector populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jawwad H. Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif M. Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Zafar
- Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Sajjad Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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