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Johnson KK, Koshy P, Kopecky C, Devadason M, Biazik J, Zheng X, Jiang Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Holst J, Yang JL, Kilian KA, Sorrell CC. ROS-mediated anticancer effects of EGFR-targeted nanoceria. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:754-769. [PMID: 38084898 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic effectiveness of anticancer drugs, including nanomedicines, can be enhanced with active receptor-targeting strategies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important cancer biomarker, constitutively expressed in sarcoma patients of different histological types. The present work reports materials and in vitro biomedical analyses of silanized (passive delivery) and/or EGF-functionalized (active delivery) ceria nanorods exhibiting highly defective catalytically active surfaces. The EGFR-targeting efficiency of nanoceria was confirmed by receptor-binding studies. Increased cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed for EGF-functionalized nanoceria owing to enhanced cellular uptake by HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. The uptake was confirmed by TEM and confocal microscopy. Silanized nanoceria demonstrated negligible/minimal cytotoxicity toward healthy MRC-5 cells at 24 and 48 h, whereas this was significant at 72 h owing to a nanoceria accumulation effect. In contrast, considerable cytotoxicity toward the cancer cells was exhibited at all three times points. The ROS generation and associated cytotoxicity were moderated by the equilibrium between catalysis by ceria, generation of cell debris, and blockage of active sites. EGFR-targeting is shown to enhance the uptake levels of nanoceria by cancer cells, subsequently enhancing the overall anticancer activity and therapeutic performance of ceria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kochurani K Johnson
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Kopecky
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Devadason
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanna Biazik
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoran Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yue Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiling Liu
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jia-Lin Yang
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles C Sorrell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ding Y, Liu S, Liu J, Jin S, Wang J. Cryopreservation with DMSO affects the DNA integrity, apoptosis, cell cycle and function of human bone mesenchymal stem cells. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104847. [PMID: 38246511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation (CP) enables pooling and long-term banking of various types of cells, which is indispensable for the cell therapeutics. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is universally used as a cryoprotectant in basic and clinical research. Although, the use of DMSO has been under serious debate due to significant clinical side effects correlated with infusions of cellular therapy products containing DMSO, the effect of CP with DMSO on the cell properties and functions remains unknown. Here, we experimentally found that the CP of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) with 10 % DMSO results 10-15 % of cells apoptosis upon immediate freeze-thaw, ca. 3.8 times of DNA damage/repair relative to the fresh ones after post-thaw cultured in 48 h, and cell cycle arrests at G0/G1 after post-thaw cultured in 24 h. Moreover, CP with 10 % DMSO significantly increases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of the frozen-thawed MSCs which may be one of the causes impair cellular properties and functions. Indeed, we found that the differentiation and migration ability of post-thaw cultured hBMSCs decrease as the expression of adipogenic, osteogenic genes and F-actin reduces in the comparison with those of the fresh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shenglin Jin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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Melatonin Repairs Osteoporotic Bone Defects in Iron-Overloaded Rats through PI3K/AKT/GSK-3 β/P70S6k Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7718155. [PMID: 36703914 PMCID: PMC9873465 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7718155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It was found recently that iron overload can cause osteoporosis in rats. Through in vitro and in vivo experimentations, the purpose of the present study was to validate and confirm the inhibitory effects of melatonin on iron death of osteoporosis and its role in bone microstructure improvements. Melatonin (100 mol/L) was administered to MC3T3-E1 cells induced by iron overload in vitro for 48 hours. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP and the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and mitochondrial damage were all exacerbated by iron overload. On the other hand, melatonin restored these impacts in MC3T3-E1 cells produced by iron overload. By evaluating the expression of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/P70S6k signaling pathway-related proteins (RUNX2, BMP2, ALP, and OCN) using RT-PCR and Western blot, osteogenic-related proteins were identified. Alizarin red S and alkaline phosphatase were utilized to evaluate the osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 cells. Melatonin significantly improved the osteogenic ability and phosphorylation rates of PI3K, AKT, GSK-3β, and P70S6k in iron overload-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo, melatonin treated iron overload-induced osteoporotic bone defect in rats. Rat skeletal microstructure was observed using micro-CT and bone tissue pathological section staining. ELISA was utilized to identify OCN, PINP, CTX-I, and SI in the serum of rats. We discovered that melatonin increased bone trabecular regeneration and repair in osteoporotic bone defects caused by iron overload. In conclusion, melatonin enhanced the osteogenic ability of iron overload-induced MC3T3-E1 cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/P70S6k signaling pathway and promoting the healing of iron overload-induced osteoporotic bone defects in rats.
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Nayak D, Adiga D, Khan NG, Rai PS, Dsouza HS, Chakrabarty S, Gassman NR, Kabekkodu SP. Impact of Bisphenol A on Structure and Function of Mitochondria: A Critical Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 260:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s44169-022-00011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used extensively to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Because of its estrogen-mimicking properties, BPA acts as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. It has gained attention due to its high chances of daily and constant human exposure, bioaccumulation, and the ability to cause cellular toxicities and diseases at extremely low doses. Several elegant studies have shown that BPA can exert cellular toxicities by interfering with the structure and function of mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Exposure to BPA results in oxidative stress and alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decline, mitophagy, and apoptosis. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in conjunction with oxidative damage may be responsible for causing BPA-mediated cellular toxicity. Thus, several reports have suggested using antioxidant treatment to mitigate the toxicological effects of BPA. The present literature review emphasizes the adverse effects of BPA on mitochondria, with a comprehensive note on the molecular aspects of the structural and functional alterations in mitochondria in response to BPA exposure. The review also confers the possible approaches to alleviate BPA-mediated oxidative damage and the existing knowledge gaps in this emerging area of research.
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Li RL, Wang LY, Duan HX, Zhang Q, Guo X, Wu C, Peng W. Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction induced cell apoptosis is a potential therapeutic strategy for herbal medicine to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937289. [PMID: 36210852 PMCID: PMC9535092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a progressive neurodegeneration caused by genetic and environmental factors. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) are the three most common neurodegenerative diseases clinically. Unfortunately, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing year by year. However, the current available drugs have poor efficacy and large side effects, which brings a great burden to the patients and the society. Increasing evidence suggests that occurrence and development of the neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction, which can affect mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, as well as mitochondrial mitophagy. Through the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, nerve cells undergo varying degrees of apoptosis. Interestingly, it has been shown in recent years that the natural agents derived from herbal medicines are beneficial for prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the potential therapeutic agents from herbal medicines for treating neurodegenerative diseases via suppressing apoptosis through regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, in order to provide a foundation for the development of more candidate drugs for neurodegenerative diseases from herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
| | - Chunjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
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Abd Radzak SM, Mohd Khair SZN, Ahmad F, Patar A, Idris Z, Mohamed Yusoff AA. Insights regarding mitochondrial DNA copy number alterations in human cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:104. [PMID: 35713211 PMCID: PMC9304817 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the critical organelles involved in various cellular functions. Mitochondrial biogenesis is activated by multiple cellular mechanisms which require a synchronous regulation between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA). The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a proxy indicator for mitochondrial activity, and its alteration reflects mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Despite the precise mechanisms that modulate the amount and composition of mtDNA, which have not been fully elucidated, mtDNA-CN is known to influence numerous cellular pathways that are associated with cancer and as well as multiple other diseases. In addition, the utility of current technology in measuring mtDNA-CN contributes to its extensive assessment of diverse traits and tumorigenesis. The present review provides an overview of mtDNA-CN variations across human cancers and an extensive summary of the existing knowledge on the regulation and machinery of mtDNA-CN. The current information on the advanced methods used for mtDNA-CN assessment is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Muslihah Abd Radzak
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zulaikha Nashwa Mohd Khair
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Farizan Ahmad
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Azim Patar
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
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Inositol hexakisphosphate induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in non-Hodgkin’s Burkitt lymphoma cells and mediates anti-angiogenic, antitumor effects in T-cell lymphoma bearing Swiss albino mice. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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8
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Maciejczyk M, Nesterowicz M, Szulimowska J, Zalewska A. Oxidation, Glycation, and Carbamylation of Salivary Biomolecules in Healthy Children, Adults, and the Elderly: Can Saliva Be Used in the Assessment of Aging? J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2051-2073. [PMID: 35378954 PMCID: PMC8976116 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s356029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is inextricably linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and posttranslational protein modifications. However, no studies evaluate oxidation, glycation, and carbamylation of salivary biomolecules as biomarkers of aging. Saliva collection is non-invasive, painless, and inexpensive, which are advantages over other biofluids. Methods The study enrolled 180 healthy subjects divided into six groups according to age: 6–13, 14–19, 20–39, 40–59, 60–79, and 80–100 years. The number of individuals was determined a priori based on our previous experiment (power of the test = 0.8; α = 0.05). Non-stimulated saliva and plasma were collected from participants, in which biomarkers of aging were determined by colorimetric, fluorometric, and ELISA methods. Results The study have demonstrated that modifications of salivary proteins increase with age, as manifested by decreased total thiol levels and increased carbonyl groups, glycation (Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine, advanced glycation end products (AGE)) and carbamylation (carbamyl-lysine) protein products in the saliva of old individuals. Oxidative modifications of lipids (4-hydroxynonenal) and nucleic acids (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) also increase with age. Salivary redox biomarkers correlate poorly with their plasma levels; however, salivary AGE and 8-OHdG generally reflect their blood concentrations. In the multivariate regression model, they are a predictor of aging and, in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, significantly differentiate children and adolescents (under 15 years old) from the working-age population (15–64 years) and the older people (65 years and older). Conclusion Salivary AGE and 8-OHdG have the most excellent diagnostic utility in assessing the aging process. Saliva can be used to evaluate the aging of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok, 15-233, Poland, Email
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Students Scientific Club “Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases” at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julita Szulimowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Magham SV, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P, Shaji N, Mani L, Balasubramanian S. Cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonists and Alzheimer's disease: An insight into the therapeutic potentials. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2888-2905. [PMID: 34486749 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system has been extensively studied in recent decades, particularly the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, due to their important role in neuroinflammation. Among these, CB2 has gained prominence due to its selective overexpression in glial cells during neuroinflammation. In contrast to CB1 agonists, CB2 agonists have no side effects such as ataxia, hypothermia, euphoria, psychological, or addiction liabilities. CB2 and its selective agonists' above-mentioned unique properties have become a research focus in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The review discusses the neuroprotective role of CB receptors, particularly CB2, in AD, as well as the significance and limitations of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Varshini Magham
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | | | - Neenu Shaji
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Lalithkumar Mani
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
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Ali SM, Khalid SG. To study the effect of acute infrared radiation-induced alterations in human skin at cellular and molecular level using in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 38:44-52. [PMID: 34157181 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar radiations are classified in terms of wavelengths, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet. Infrared radiation (IR) accounts the largest proportion of solar radiations that cause oxidative stress-induced aging of human skin. This study investigates the biochemical changes in proteins, lipids, and DNA associated with acute exposure to IR radiations. METHOD In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the forearms region of 20 healthy participants with phototype II skin, aged between 18 and 30 years, without IR incidence (T0), with IR incidence 30 minutes (T30) at day 1 and 30 minutes at day 2 (T60). One-way ANOVA and two-tailed t test along with post hoc Bonferroni correction were used to detect the existence of significant differences in the timestamps of stratum corneum, stratum basale, and dermis at all IR wavenumbers under test. RESULTS An increase in the Raman peaks of stratum corneum lipids, decrease in stratum basal DNA peaks, and a shift in the amide I peak of collagen in the skin dermis were observed. One-way ANOVA results showed significant differences among timestamps of stratum corneum, stratum basale, and dermis at all wavenumbers under test (P < .001). Furthermore, paired timestamps also showed significant differences (P < .016) except at two wavenumbers 1293 cm-1 and 852 cm-1 in stratum corneum and basale layer clusters on timestamps (T0 & T30 and T30 & T60, P > .016). This study proved that confocal Raman spectroscopy is an useful technique for early evaluation of IR-induced skin changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mehmood Ali
- College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Faculty of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Syed Ghufran Khalid
- College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Faculty of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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11
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Bridging Cyanobacteria to Neurodegenerative Diseases: A New Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds against Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060343. [PMID: 34208482 PMCID: PMC8235772 DOI: 10.3390/md19060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a drawback in society given the ageing population. Dementias are the most prevalent NDs, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) representing around 70% of all cases. The current pharmaceuticals for AD are symptomatic and with no effects on the progression of the disease. Thus, research on molecules with therapeutic relevance has become a major focus for the scientific community. Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes rich in biomolecules with confirmed activity in pathologies such as cancer, and with feasible potential in NDs such as AD. In this review, we aimed to compile the research works focused in the anti-AD potential of cyanobacteria, namely regarding the inhibition of the enzyme β-secretase (BACE1) as a fundamental enzyme in the generation of β-amyloid (Aβ), the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) lead to an increase in the availability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as phenomena associated with neurodegeneration mechanisms.
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12
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Bazzani V, Barchiesi A, Radecka D, Pravisani R, Guadagno A, Di Loreto C, Baccarani U, Vascotto C. Mitochondrial apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 enhances mtDNA repair contributing to cell proliferation and mitochondrial integrity in early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:969. [PMID: 33028238 PMCID: PMC7542375 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of primary liver cancers. Surveillance of individuals at specific risk of developing HCC, early diagnostic markers, and new therapeutic approaches are essential to obtain a reduction in disease-related mortality. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) expression levels and its cytoplasmic localization have been reported to correlate with a lower degree of differentiation and shorter survival rate. The aim of this study is to fully investigate, for the first time, the role of the mitochondrial form of APE1 in HCC. METHODS As a study model, we analyzed samples from a cohort of patients diagnosed with HCC who underwent surgical resection. Mitochondrial APE1 content, expression levels of the mitochondrial import protein Mia40, and mtDNA damage of tumor tissue and distal non-tumor liver of each patient were analyzed. In parallel, we generated a stable HeLa clone for inducible silencing of endogenous APE1 and re-expression of the recombinant shRNA resistant mitochondrially targeted APE1 form (MTS-APE1). We evaluated mtDNA damage, cell growth, and mitochondrial respiration. RESULTS APE1's cytoplasmic positivity in Grades 1 and 2 HCC patients showed a significantly higher expression of mitochondrial APE1, which accounted for lower levels of mtDNA damage observed in the tumor tissue with respect to the distal area. In the contrast, the cytoplasmic positivity in Grade 3 was not associated with APE1's mitochondrial accumulation even when accounting for the higher number of mtDNA lesions measured. Loss of APE1 expression negatively affected mitochondrial respiration, cell viability, and proliferation as well as levels of mtDNA damage. Remarkably, the phenotype was efficiently rescued in MTS-APE1 clone, where APE1 is present only within the mitochondrial matrix. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the prominent role of the mitochondrial form of APE1 in the early stages of HCC development and the relevance of the non-nuclear fraction of APE1 in the disease progression. We have also confirmed overexpression of Mia40 and the role of the MIA pathway in the APE1 import process. Based on our data, inhibition of the APE1 transport by blocking the MIA pathway could represent a new therapeutic approach for reducing mitochondrial metabolism by preventing the efficient repair of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bazzani
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, P.le Massimiliano Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Barchiesi
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, P.le Massimiliano Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Dorota Radecka
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, P.le Massimiliano Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pravisani
- Department of Medicine, General Surgery and Transplantation, Academic Hospital (ASUIUD), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Guadagno
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico "San Martino", Genoa, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Umberto Baccarani
- Department of Medicine, General Surgery and Transplantation, Academic Hospital (ASUIUD), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Vascotto
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, P.le Massimiliano Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Williamson J, Hughes CM, Cobley JN, Davison GW. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ, attenuates exercise-induced mitochondrial DNA damage. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101673. [PMID: 32810739 PMCID: PMC7452004 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in skeletal muscle. Whether MitoQ - a redox active mitochondrial targeted quinone - can reduce exercise-induced mtDNA damage is unknown. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, twenty-four healthy male participants consisting of two groups (placebo; n = 12, MitoQ; n = 12) performed an exercise trial of 4 x 4-min bouts at 90–95% of heart rate max. Participants completed an acute (20 mg MitoQ or placebo 1-h pre-exercise) and chronic (21 days of supplementation) phase. Blood and skeletal muscle were sampled immediately pre- and post-exercise and analysed for nuclear and mtDNA damage, lipid hydroperoxides, lipid soluble antioxidants, and the ascorbyl free radical. Exercise significantly increased nuclear and mtDNA damage across lymphocytes and muscle (P < 0.05), which was accompanied with changes in lipid hydroperoxides, ascorbyl free radical, and α-tocopherol (P < 0.05). Acute MitoQ treatment failed to impact any biomarker likely due to insufficient initial bioavailability. However, chronic MitoQ treatment attenuated nuclear (P < 0.05) and mtDNA damage in lymphocytes and muscle tissue (P < 0.05). Our work is the first to show a protective effect of chronic MitoQ supplementation on the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in lymphocytes and human muscle tissue following exercise, which is important for genome stability. Exercise damages mitochondrial DNA in lymphocytes and muscle tissue. Acute MitoQ ingestion has no impact on biomarkers of oxidative stress. Chronic MitoQ supplementation protects mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Williamson
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ciara M Hughes
- Ulster University, Nursing and Health Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James N Cobley
- Free Radical Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK.
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14
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Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Darwesh AM, Sosnowski DK, Seubert JM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammaging in Heart Failure: Novel Roles of CYP-Derived Epoxylipids. Cells 2020; 9:E1565. [PMID: 32604981 PMCID: PMC7408578 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated changes leading to a decline in cardiac structure and function contribute to the increased susceptibility and incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in elderly individuals. Indeed, age is considered a risk factor for heart failure and serves as an important predictor for poor prognosis in elderly individuals. Effects stemming from chronic, low-grade inflammation, inflammaging, are considered important determinants in cardiac health; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved remains unresolved. A steady decline in mitochondrial function is recognized as an important biological consequence found in the aging heart which contributes to the development of heart failure. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to increased cellular stress and an innate immune response by activating the NLRP-3 inflammasomes, which have a role in inflammaging and age-related CVD pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests a protective role for CYP450 epoxygenase metabolites of N-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), epoxylipids, which modulate various aspects of the immune system and protect mitochondria. In this article, we provide insight into the potential roles N-3 and N-6 PUFA have modulating mitochondria, inflammaging and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Keshavarz-Bahaghighat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Deanna K. Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - John M. Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta 2020-M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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15
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Kolbasina NA, Gureev AP, Serzhantova OV, Mikhailov AA, Moshurov IP, Starkov AA, Popov VN. Lung cancer increases H 2O 2 concentration in the exhaled breath condensate, extent of mtDNA damage, and mtDNA copy number in buccal mucosa. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04303. [PMID: 32637695 PMCID: PMC7327746 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that the H2O2 concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in lung cancer patients increases significantly compared to the EBC of healthy people and revealed the correlation between the H2O2 level in the EBC and amount of mtDNA damage in buccal mucosa cells. The H2O2 hyper-production may trigger mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby resulting in an increase in mtDNA copy number. However, we did not observe a significant difference in the studied parameters between smokers and non-smokers. Overall, our data suggest that H2O2 concentration in the EBC, the extent of mtDNA damage, and mtDNA copy number in buccal mucosa could be potential as an early diagnostic marker of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A. Kolbasina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga V. Serzhantova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Mikhailov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ivan P. Moshurov
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Starkov
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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16
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O'Malley J, Kumar R, Inigo J, Yadava N, Chandra D. Mitochondrial Stress Response and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:688-701. [PMID: 32451306 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells survive and adapt to many types of stress including hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, metabolic, and oxidative stress. These stresses are sensed by diverse cellular signaling processes, leading to either degradation of mitochondria or alleviation of mitochondrial stress. This review discusses signaling during sensing and mitigation of stress involving mitochondrial communication with the endoplasmic reticulum, and how retrograde signaling upregulates the mitochondrial stress response to maintain mitochondrial integrity. The importance of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, an emerging pathway that alleviates cellular stress, will be elaborated with respect to cancer. Detailed understanding of cellular pathways will establish mitochondrial stress response as a key mechanism for cancer cell survival leading to cancer progression and resistance, and provide a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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17
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Chan MY, Lee BJ, Chang PS, Hsiao HY, Hsu LP, Chang CH, Lin PT. The risks of ubiquinone and β-carotene deficiency and metabolic disorders in patients with oral cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:310. [PMID: 32293339 PMCID: PMC7161249 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer development is mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation, which may correlate with metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant vitamins status and metabolic parameters in patients with oral cancer according to tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages. Methods A total of 194 patients with oral cancer were enrolled in this study. The patients were stratified for four groups according to cancer stages and that the statistics are comparisons across these groups. The levels of antioxidant vitamins (ubiquinone, β-carotene, vitamin A and E), metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes activity, and inflammatory markers were measured. Results More than half of the subjects had high blood pressure, central obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia regardless of TNM stage. With regard to antioxidant vitamins status, 46 and 94% of patients had β-carotene and ubiquinone deficiency, respectively. Patients in T3 and T4 stages had significantly lower antioxidant enzyme (catalase, p = 0.03) activity and higher inflammatory markers levels (high sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, p < 0.01) than patients in the other stages. In addition, the level of β-carotene was negatively associated with waist circumference, and ubiquinone was positively associated with the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). Higher β-carotene and ubiquinone levels were negatively associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the risk of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). Conclusions A high proportion of patients with oral cancer had ubiquinone or β-carotene deficiency and metabolic disorders. The level of ubiquinone or β-carotene was negatively associated with the risk of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome. Since patients with oral cancer suffer from high oxidative stress and inflammation (particularly in the T3 and T4 stages), supplementation with antioxidant vitamins such as ubiquinone or β-carotene could be preferentially applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yee Chan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407204, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402367, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Jen Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metro-Harbor Hospital, Taichung, 433402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402367, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sheng Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402367, Taiwan.,Graduate Program in Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402367, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Hsiao
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407204, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402367, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402367, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ting Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402367, Taiwan. .,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402367, Taiwan.
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18
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Llanos-González E, Henares-Chavarino ÁA, Pedrero-Prieto CM, García-Carpintero S, Frontiñán-Rubio J, Sancho-Bielsa FJ, Alcain FJ, Peinado JR, Rabanal-Ruíz Y, Durán-Prado M. Interplay Between Mitochondrial Oxidative Disorders and Proteostasis in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1444. [PMID: 32063825 PMCID: PMC7000623 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the basis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) etiology remains unknown, oxidative stress (OS) has been recognized as a prodromal factor associated to its progression. OS refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant systems, which usually consist in an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which overwhelms the intrinsic antioxidant defenses. Due to this increased production of ROS and RNS, several biological functions such as glucose metabolism or synaptic activity are impaired. In AD, growing evidence links the ROS-mediated damages with molecular targets including mitochondrial dynamics and function, protein quality control system, and autophagic pathways, affecting the proteostasis balance. In this scenario, OS should be considered as not only a major feature in the pathophysiology of AD but also a potential target to combat the progression of the disease. In this review, we will discuss the role of OS in mitochondrial dysfunction, protein quality control systems, and autophagy associated to AD and suggest innovative therapeutic strategies based on a better understanding of the role of OS and proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Llanos-González
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Cristina María Pedrero-Prieto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sonia García-Carpintero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Frontiñán-Rubio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sancho-Bielsa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alcain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruíz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mario Durán-Prado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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19
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Fu MH, Chen IC, Lee CH, Wu CW, Lee YC, Kung YC, Hung CY, Wu KLH. Anti-neuroinflammation ameliorates systemic inflammation-induced mitochondrial DNA impairment in the nucleus of the solitary tract and cardiovascular reflex dysfunction. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:224. [PMID: 31729994 PMCID: PMC6858639 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) leads to cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality in clinical studies. However, the underlying mechanisms are still inconclusive. Systemic inflammation-induced neuroinflammation is known to impair the autonomic center of cardiovascular regulation. The dynamic stability of blood pressure and heart rate (HR) is regulated by modulation of the reciprocal responses of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone by the baroreflex, which is controlled by the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). METHODS Systemic inflammation was induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1.2 mg/kg/day, 7 days) peritoneal infusion via an osmotic minipump in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR were measured by femoral artery cannulation and recorded on a polygraph under anesthesia. The low-frequency (LF; 0.25-0.8 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.8-2.4 Hz) components of SBP were adopted as the indices for sympathetic vasomotor tone and parasympathetic vasomotor tone, while the baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI) was adopted from the analysis of SBP and pulse interval (PI). The plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) oxidative damage were analyzed by ELISA. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. The distribution of oxidative mtDNA was probed by immunofluorescence. Pharmacological agents were delivered via infusion into the cisterna magna with an osmotic minipump. RESULTS The suppression of baroreflex sensitivity was concurrent with increased SBP and decreased HR. Neuroinflammatory factors, including TNF-α, CD11b, and Iba-1, were detected in the NTS of the LPS group. Moreover, indices of mtDNA damage, including 8-OHdG and γ-H2AX, were significantly increased in neuronal mitochondria. Pentoxifylline or minocycline intracisternal (IC) infusion effectively prevented mtDNA damage, suggesting that cytokine and microglial activation contributed to mtDNA damage. Synchronically, baroreflex sensitivity was effectively protected, and the elevated blood pressure was significantly relieved. In addition, the mtDNA repair mechanism was significantly enhanced by pentoxifylline or minocycline. CONCLUSION These results suggest that neuronal mtDNA damage in the NTS induced by neuroinflammation could be the core factor in deteriorating baroreflex desensitization and subsequent cardiovascular dysfunction. Therefore, the enhancement of base excision repair (BER) signaling in mitochondria could be a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular reflex dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chou-Hwei Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu Chih Kung
- Master of Science Program in Health Care, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu Township, Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu Township, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, 700 Taiwan Republic of China
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20
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Apple Peel Flavonoid Fraction 4 Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Mechanisms. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183335. [PMID: 31540221 PMCID: PMC6766994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many dietary flavonoids possess anti-cancer activities. Here, the effect of apple peel flavonoid fraction 4 (AF4) on the growth of triple-negative (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468), estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7), and HER2-positive (SKBR3) breast cancer cells was determined and compared with the effect of AF4 on normal mammary epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. AF4 inhibited breast cancer cell growth in monolayer cultures, as well as the growth of MCF-7 spheroids, without substantially affecting the viability of non-malignant cells. A sub-cytotoxic concentration of AF4 suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting passage through the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. AF4-treated MDA-MB-231 cells also exhibited reduced in vitro migration and invasion, and decreased Akt (protein kinase B) signaling. Higher concentrations of AF4 were selectively cytotoxic for MDA-MB-231 cells. AF4 cytotoxicity was associated with the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, intratumoral administration of AF4 suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) female mice. The selective cytotoxicity of AF4 for breast cancer cells, combined with the capacity of sub-cytotoxic AF4 to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion suggests that flavonoid-rich AF4 (and its constituents) has potential as a natural therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
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21
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Hosseini M, Rezvani HR, Aroua N, Bosc C, Farge T, Saland E, Guyonnet-Dupérat V, Zaghdoudi S, Jarrou L, Larrue C, Sabatier M, Mouchel PL, Gotanègre M, Piechaczyk M, Bossis G, Récher C, Sarry JE. Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5191-5203. [PMID: 31358527 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapies alter cellular redox balance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Recent studies have reported that chemoresistant cells have an increased oxidative state in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we demonstrated that chemoresistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells had a lower level of mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS in response to cytarabine (AraC) and overexpressed myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme protein that converts hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), compared with sensitive AML cells. High MPO-expressing AML cells were less sensitive to AraC in vitro and in vivo. They also produced higher levels of HOCl and exhibited an increased rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption when compared with low MPO-expressing AML cells. Targeting MPO expression or enzyme activity sensitized AML cells to AraC treatment by triggering oxidative damage and sustaining oxidative stress, particularly in high MPO-expressing AML cells. This sensitization stemmed from mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, which impaired oxidative phosphorylation and cellular energetic balance, driving apoptotic death and selective eradication of chemoresistant AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this study uncovers a noncanonical function of MPO enzyme in maintaining redox balance and mitochondrial energetic metabolism, therefore affecting downstream pathways involved in AML chemoresistance. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate the role of myeloperoxidase in the regulation of ROS levels and sensitivity of AML cells to cytarabine, an essential chemotherapeutic backbone in the therapy of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hosseini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nesrine Aroua
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudie Bosc
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Farge
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sonia Zaghdoudi
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Latifa Jarrou
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Larrue
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Sabatier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Luc Mouchel
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Gotanègre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France. .,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Yousf S, Sardesai DM, Mathew AB, Khandelwal R, Acharya JD, Sharma S, Chugh J. Metabolic signatures suggest o-phosphocholine to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine ratio as a potential biomarker for high-glucose and/or palmitate exposure in pancreatic β-cells. Metabolomics 2019; 15:55. [PMID: 30927092 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic exposure to high-glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) alone/or in combination; and the resulting gluco-, lipo- and glucolipo-toxic conditions, respectively, have been known to induce dysfunction and apoptosis of β-cells in Diabetes. The molecular mechanisms and the development of biomarkers that can be used to predict similarities and differences behind these conditions would help in easier and earlier diagnosis of Diabetes. OBJECTIVES This study aims to use metabolomics to gain insight into the mechanisms by which β-cells respond to excess-nutrient stress and identify associated biomarkers. METHODS INS-1E cells were cultured in high-glucose, palmitate alone/or in combination for 24 h to mimic gluco-, lipo- and glucolipo-toxic conditions, respectively. Biochemical and cellular experiments were performed to confirm the establishment of these conditions. To gain molecular insights, abundant metabolites were identified and quantified using 1H-NMR. RESULTS No loss of cellular viability was observed in high-glucose while exposure to FFA alone/in combination with high-glucose was associated with increased ROS levels, membrane damage, lipid accumulation, and DNA double-strand breaks. Forty-nine abundant metabolites were identified and quantified using 1H-NMR. Chemometric pair-wise analysis in glucotoxic and lipotoxic conditions, when compared with glucolipotoxic conditions, revealed partial overlap in the dysregulated metabolites; however, the dysregulation was more significant under glucolipotoxic conditions. CONCLUSION The current study compared gluco-, lipo- and glucolipotoxic conditions in parallel and elucidated differences in metabolic pathways that play major roles in Diabetes. o-phosphocholine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine were identified as common dysregulated metabolites and their ratio was proposed as a potential biomarker for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Yousf
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Devika M Sardesai
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Abraham B Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Rashi Khandelwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Jhankar D Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
| | - Jeetender Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Nigro E, Stiuso P, Matera MG, Monaco ML, Caraglia M, Maniscalco M, Perrotta F, Mazzarella G, Daniele A, Bianco A. The anti-proliferative effects of adiponectin on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and oxidative stress involvement. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 55:25-30. [PMID: 30654148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) plays an important role in energy metabolism and inflammation. Recently, in vivo serum Acrp30 levels have been reported to be correlated to risk of developing several types of cancers such as lung cancer, and in vitro studies have demonstrated a role for Acrp30 in the control of cell proliferation and survival. However, the molecular effects of Acrp30 on lung cancer have not yet been clearly defined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of Acrp30 on the A549 human alveolar epithelial cell line, an in vitro model of lung adenocarcinoma. A549 cells were exposed to various concentrations of Acrp30 and successively, proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative stress were evaluated by MTT test, caspase activity assay, flow-cytometry and western blotting analysis. Our results demonstrated that Acrp30 causes, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, a reduction of cell viability and duplication together with an increase in cell apoptosis rate. In addition, we found that Acrp30 induces an increase of lipid peroxidation evaluated by TBARS assay and a concomitant reduction of nitric oxide release, both markers of cellular oxidative stress. Taken together, our data on A549 cells provides new insight into potential involvement of Acrp30 on physio-pathologic mechanisms of lung diseases through interference with proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nigro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Scarl, Napoli, Italy
| | - P Stiuso
- Department of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - M G Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - M L Monaco
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Scarl, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Caraglia
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA SB, Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - M Maniscalco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Perrotta
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - G Mazzarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - A Daniele
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Scarl, Napoli, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - A Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
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Zheng J, Cui NH, Zhang S, Wang XB, Ming L. Leukocyte Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Two-Stage Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:421. [PMID: 31312182 PMCID: PMC6614343 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) may contribute to the development of various cancer types in a tumor-specific manner. However, little is known about whether leukocyte mtDNA content confers susceptibility to thyroid cancer (TC). This study aimed to investigate the associations of leukocyte mtDNA-CN with the risk and clinicopathological features of TC in a Chinese population. Methods: In this two-stage case-control study with a total of 402 TC patients and 406 controls, leukocyte mtDNA-CN content was measured with a quantitative PCR method. In a subset of 100 cases and 100 controls, levels of leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and plasma malondialdehyde, as two biomarkers for oxidative stress, were determined by ELISA and colorimetric kits, respectively. Results: In a combined analysis of discovery and validation sets, high mtDNA-CN content was positively associated with increased TC risk, after adjusting for confounders (OR for per SD increment: 1.43; 95%CI, 1.23-1.66; P < 0.001; OR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 2.10; 95%CI, 1.48-3.00; P trend < 0.001). This linear dose-response relationship was more pronounced in subtype analyses for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma (P < 0.001 for all), as well as in subgroup analyses for subjects with overweight and obesity (P interaction = 0.015). In TC patient, we observed the positive correlations of mtDNA-CN with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.006) and the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.012). Leukocyte mtDNA-CN content was also identified to increase with the levels of leukocyte 8-OHdG (P < 0.001), a biomarker for oxidative DNA damage. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the increase in leukocyte mtDNA-CN content may correlate with oxidative DNA damage, and serve as an independent risk factor for TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-hua Cui
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-bin Wang
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Liang Ming
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Erukainure OL, Narainpersad N, Singh M, Olakunle S, Islam MS. Clerodendrum volubile inhibits key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes but induces cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells via exacerbated oxidative stress and proinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1144-1152. [PMID: 30119181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity and safety associated with the use of medicinal plants remains a major concern. In this study, the antidiabetic properties of the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction of C. volubile leaves were investigated in vitro. Its cytotoxic effect and mechanism of toxicity were also investigated in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) cells. The fraction was subjected to in vitro antioxidant assays using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) protocols. Its enzyme-inhibitory properties were investigated on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis were used to identify its phytoconstituents. Cytotoxicity was determined via MTT assay. The treated cells were assayed for reduced glutathione (GSH), non-protein thiol, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, myeloperoxidase and ATPase activities. Cell apoptosis and/or morphological changes were determined using the acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining method. The fraction showed significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activity. It showed significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxic effect against HEK293 cells with concomitant depletion of antioxidative and elevation of proinflammatory biomarkers. Morphological changes were examined in the cells with an apoptotic index of 0.84. 1,1-Dodecanediol, diacetate was identified as the most predominant compound, while aromatics and amines as the most functional groups present in the fraction. These results suggest the antidiabetic and cytotoxic effects of C. volubile leaves. The toxicity can be attributed to induced oxidative stress and proinflammation with concomitant depletion of ATP leading to apoptosis of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nicholisha Narainpersad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sanni Olakunle
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Ke JY, Cen WJ, Zhou XZ, Li YR, Kong WD, Jiang JW. Iron overload induces apoptosis of murine preosteoblast cells via ROS and inhibition of AKT pathway. Oral Dis 2017; 23:784-794. [PMID: 28248443 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Ke
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Orthodontics; Foshan Chancheng Stomatological Hospital; Foshan China
| | - W-J Cen
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Stomatology; Guangzhou Development District Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - X-Z Zhou
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y-R Li
- Department of Orthodontics; Foshan Chancheng Stomatological Hospital; Foshan China
| | - W-D Kong
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - J-W Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
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27
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Zyba SJ, Shenvi SV, Killilea DW, Holland TC, Kim E, Moy A, Sutherland B, Gildengorin V, Shigenaga MK, King JC. A moderate increase in dietary zinc reduces DNA strand breaks in leukocytes and alters plasma proteins without changing plasma zinc concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:343-351. [PMID: 28003206 PMCID: PMC5267297 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.135327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food fortification has been recommended to improve a population's micronutrient status. Biofortification techniques modestly elevate the zinc content of cereals, but few studies have reported a positive impact on functional indicators of zinc status. OBJECTIVE We determined the impact of a modest increase in dietary zinc that was similar to that provided by biofortification programs on whole-body and cellular indicators of zinc status. DESIGN Eighteen men participated in a 6-wk controlled consumption study of a low-zinc, rice-based diet. The diet contained 6 mg Zn/d for 2 wk and was followed by 10 mg Zn/d for 4 wk. To reduce zinc absorption, phytate was added to the diet during the initial period. Indicators of zinc homeostasis, including total absorbed zinc (TAZ), the exchangeable zinc pool (EZP), plasma and cellular zinc concentrations, zinc transporter gene expression, and other metabolic indicators (i.e., DNA damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress), were measured before and after each dietary-zinc period. RESULTS TAZ increased with increased dietary zinc, but plasma zinc concentrations and EZP size were unchanged. Erythrocyte and leukocyte zinc concentrations and zinc transporter expressions were not altered. However, leukocyte DNA strand breaks decreased with increased dietary zinc, and the level of proteins involved in DNA repair and antioxidant and immune functions were restored after the dietary-zinc increase. CONCLUSIONS A moderate 4-mg/d increase in dietary zinc, similar to that which would be expected from zinc-biofortified crops, improves zinc absorption but does not alter plasma zinc. The repair of DNA strand breaks improves, as do serum protein concentrations that are associated with the DNA repair process. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02861352.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Zyba
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Swapna V Shenvi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - David W Killilea
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Tai C Holland
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Elijah Kim
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Adrian Moy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Barbara Sutherland
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Virginia Gildengorin
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Mark K Shigenaga
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Janet C King
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
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Li C, Wu H, Wang S, Zhu J. Expression and correlation of NRF2, KEAP1, NQO-1 and HO-1 in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and their association with clinicopathologic features. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5171-5179. [PMID: 27840932 PMCID: PMC5355699 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed specifically investigate the expression and correlation of kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (KEAP1), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in laryngeal cancer and their association with clinicopathological features. A total of 33 paired human fresh advanced laryngeal cancer and adjacent normal specimens were collected following total laryngectomy. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analysis were performed to evaluate the expression of KEAP1, NRF2, NQO-1 and HO-1. All of the patients clinicopathologic features were collected. Immunohistochemistry indicated that NRF2-positive staining was as high as 79% (26/33) in the cancer samples and predominantly located in the nuclei, whereas positive expression of KEAP1, NQO-1 and HO-1 was detected in 70% (23/33), 76% (25/33) and 82% (27/33) of cancer tissues, respectively, and primarily expressed in the cytoplasm. The corresponding adjacent normal samples produced almost no or weak expression of the proteins. There were significant differences in protein expression between the two groups (P<0.01). Immunoblotting analysis also demonstrated that their expression levels were higher in cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. Notably, KEAP1, NQO-1 and HO-1 expression was positively correlated with nuclear NRF2 in cancer tissues, whereas they had no correlation with age, tumor stage (clinical stage III and IV), tumor size and lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, increased expression of NRF2, KEAP1, NQO-1 and HO-1 were common in advanced laryngeal cancer. Evaluation of these factors may have important clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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de Oliveira BL, Niederer S. A Biophysical Systems Approach to Identifying the Pathways of Acute and Chronic Doxorubicin Mitochondrial Cardiotoxicity. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005214. [PMID: 27870850 PMCID: PMC5117565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of the anthracycline doxorubicin is limited by its cardiotoxicity which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Redox cycling, mitochondrial DNA damage and electron transport chain inhibition have been identified as potential mechanisms of toxicity. However, the relative roles of each of these proposed mechanisms are still not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to identify which of these pathways independently or in combination are responsible for doxorubicin toxicity. A state of the art mathematical model of the mitochondria including the citric acid cycle, electron transport chain and ROS production and scavenging systems was extended by incorporating a novel representation for mitochondrial DNA damage and repair. In silico experiments were performed to quantify the contributions of each of the toxicity mechanisms to mitochondrial dysfunction during the acute and chronic stages of toxicity. Simulations predict that redox cycling has a minor role in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Electron transport chain inhibition is the main pathway for acute toxicity for supratherapeutic doses, being lethal at mitochondrial concentrations higher than 200μM. Direct mitochondrial DNA damage is the principal pathway of chronic cardiotoxicity for therapeutic doses, leading to a progressive and irreversible long term mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. de Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Niederer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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A functional variant in miR-155 regulation region contributes to lung cancer risk and survival. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42781-92. [PMID: 26543233 PMCID: PMC4767470 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggested that upregulation of miR-155 could serve as a promising marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we genotyped rs767649 (A > T) located in miR-155 regulation region in 1341 cases and 1982 controls, and analyzed the associations of rs767649 with NSCLC risk and survival. Consequently, rs767649 exhibited the significant associations with the risk (adjusted OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.24, P = 0.031) and prognosis of NSCLC (adjusted HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03–1.32, P = 0.014). Meanwhile, rs767649 specifically interacted with radio-chemotherapy (Pint = 0.013), and patients with both the rs767649-TT genotype and radio-chemotherapy had the highest hazard ratio (adjusted HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.26–2.16, P < 0.001). Furthermore, using functional assays and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) dataset, we found that rs767649 variant allele could increase the transcriptional activity of miR-155, which in turn facilitated tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting HBP1, TJP1, SMAD5 and PRKAR1A expression. Our findings suggested that rs767649 A > T might contribute to the increased risk and poor prognosis of NSCLC, highlighting the importance of rs767649 in the prevention and therapy of NSCLC.
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Chen MH, Hanagata N, Ikoma T, Huang JY, Li KY, Lin CP, Lin FH. Hafnium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with ionizing radiation for lung cancer treatment. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:165-73. [PMID: 27060620 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the new clinical options by generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells. However, the optical approach of PDT is limited by tissue penetration depth of visible light. In this study, we propose that a ROS-enhanced nanoparticle, hafnium-doped hydroxyapatite (Hf:HAp), which is a material to yield large quantities of ROS inside the cells when the nanoparticles are bombarded with high penetrating power of ionizing radiation. Hf:HAp nanoparticles are generated by wet chemical precipitation with total doping concentration of 15mol% Hf(4+) relative to Ca(2+) in HAp host material. The results show that the HAp particles could be successfully doped with Hf ions, resulted in the formation of nano-sized rod-like shape and with pH-dependent solubility. The impact of ionizing radiation on Hf:HAp nanoparticles is assessed by using in-vitro and in-vivo model using A549 cell line. The 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) results reveal that after being exposed to gamma rays, Hf:HAp could significantly lead to the formation of ROS in cells. Both cell viability (WST-1) and cytotoxicity (LDH) assay show the consistent results that A549 lung cancer cell lines are damaged with changes in the cells' ROS level. The in-vivo studies further demonstrate that the tumor growth is inhibited owing to the cells apoptosis when Hf:HAp nanoparticles are bombarded with ionizing radiation. This finding offer a new therapeutic method of interacting with ionizing radiation and demonstrate the potential of Hf:HAp nanoparticles in tumor treatment, such as being used in a palliative treatment after lung surgical procedure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the new clinical options by generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells. Unfortunately, the approach of PDT is usually limited to the treatment of systemic disease and deeper tumor, due to the limited tissue penetration depth of visible light (620-690nm). Here we report a ROS-enhanced nanoparticle, hafnium-doped hydroxyapatite (Hf:HAp), which can trigger ROS when particles are irradiated with high penetrating power of ionizing radiation. The present study provides quantitative data relating ROS generation and the therapeutic effect of Hf:HAp nanoparticles in lung cancer cells. As such, this material has opened an innovative window for deeper tumor and systemic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 3050047, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hanagata
- Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 3050047, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ikoma
- Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
| | - Jian-Yuan Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Yuan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
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Analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of serum oxidative stress parameters in patients with breast cancer at various clinical stages. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:692-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Li X, Xu L, Zhou W, Zhao Q, Wang Y. Chronic exposure to microcystin-LR affected mitochondrial DNA maintenance and caused pathological changes of lung tissue in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:48-56. [PMID: 26706032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), an important variant of cyanotoxin family, was frequently encountered in the contaminated aquatic environment and taken as a potent hepatotoxin. However, a little was known on the association between the long-term MC-LR exposure and lung damage. In this study, we investigated the changes of the pulmonary histopathology, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity and the expression of mtDNA encoded genes in the mice with chronic exposed to MC-LR at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/L) for 12 months. Our results showed that the long-term and persistent exposure to MC-LR disturbed the balance of redox system, influenced mtDNA stability, changed the expression of mitochondrial genes in the lung cells. Notably, MC-LR exposure influenced the level of inflammatory cytokines and resulted in thickening of the alveolar septa. In conclusion, chronic exposure to MC-LR affected mtDNA maintenance, and caused lung impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qingya Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a malignant astrocytoma specific biomarker and associated with adverse prognosis in p53 expressing glioblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 212:17-23. [PMID: 26616112 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese super oxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been previously identified as one of the top regulated genes associated with poor survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. In the current study we have evaluated the protein expression of MnSOD across various grades of astrocytoma, studied its influence on survival of GBM patients and following recurrence. METHODS The protein expression of MnSOD was analyzed on tumor tissue sections by immunohistochemistry on 30 diffuse astrocytomas (DA), 50 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), 30 paired (primary and recurrent) GBM samples and 30 non-tumor brain tissues. The protein expression among the different grades of diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma (DIA) was evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. Wilcoxon matched pair test was employed to assess MnSOD protein expression across 30 paired GBM samples (primary and recurrent). The prognostic impact of MnSOD protein expression individually and following stratification with p53 expression was evaluated in a cohort of 123 GBM patients. Both over-all survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) analysis were performed by employing Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis on GBM patients. RESULTS A significantly increased protein expression of MnSOD was observed among malignant astrocytomas (GBM and AA) in comparison with either DA or non-tumor brain tissues (p<0.05). Among the GBM cases it was noted that the IDH1 immunopositive tumors (R132H mutant protein; n=17) had a low MnSOD expression as opposed to IDH1 immunonegative tumors (n=106), which had high expression of MnSOD (p=0.0307). Further, a statistically significant increase (p=0.010) in extent of MnSOD protein expression was also noted in GBM tumors following recurrence. Protein expression of MnSOD was associated with both poor OS (HR: 1.021; p=0.011) and early PFS (HR: 1.022; p=0.006) on univariate analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis as well as Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated similar poor prognostic association. Stratification of GBM cases based on p53 expression status revealed a strong association of MnSOD with OS (HR: 1.042; p=0.002) and PFS (HR: 1.044; p=0.001) in p53 positive tumor tissue samples. Similar findings were noted on multivariate Cox regression analysis and K-M survival analysis, while no such association was noted in tumor tissues staining negative for p53 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows an increased expression of MnSOD in anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM compared to low grade astrocytoma and control brain. An increase in MnSOD expression following GBM tumor recurrence strengthens its putative role in tumor aggressiveness. Further, MnSOD emerges as a poor prognostic biomarker in p53 expressing GBMs, rendering this molecule as a potential therapeutic target in such patients.
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Karthikeyan S, Potter JJ, Geschwind JF, Sur S, Hamilton JP, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Mezey E, Ganapathy-Kanniappan S. Deregulation of energy metabolism promotes antifibrotic effects in human hepatic stellate cells and prevents liver fibrosis in a mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:463-9. [PMID: 26525850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis result from uncontrolled secretion and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that are activated by liver injury and inflammation. Despite the progress in understanding the biology liver fibrogenesis and the identification of potential targets for treating fibrosis, development of an effective therapy remains elusive. Since an uninterrupted supply of intracellular energy is critical for the activated-HSCs to maintain constant synthesis and secretion of ECM, we hypothesized that interfering with energy metabolism could affect ECM secretion. Here we report that a sublethal dose of the energy blocker, 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) facilitates phenotypic alteration of activated LX-2 (a human hepatic stellate cell line), into a less-active form. This treatment-dependent reversal of activated-LX2 cells was evidenced by a reduction in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen secretion, and an increase in activity of matrix metalloproteases. Mechanistically, 3-BrPA-dependent antifibrotic effects involved down-regulation of the mitochondrial metabolic enzyme, ATP5E, and up-regulation of glycolysis, as evident by elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, lactate production and its transporter, MCT4. Finally, the antifibrotic effects of 3-BrPA were validated in vivo in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Results from histopathology & histochemical staining for collagen and α-SMA substantiated that 3-BrPA promotes antifibrotic effects in vivo. Taken together, our data indicate that sublethal, metronomic treatment with 3-BrPA blocks the progression of liver fibrosis suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Karthikeyan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James J Potter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Geschwind
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Surojit Sur
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James P Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esteban Mezey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shanmugasundaram Ganapathy-Kanniappan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Telopodes of telocytes are influenced in vitro by redox conditions and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:165-74. [PMID: 26335900 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a novel cell type identified among interstitial cells in various organs. TCs are characterized by very long cell processes (tens to hundreds micrometres) named telopodes (Tps) with uneven calibre: dilations (podoms) and very thin segments (podomers). However, little is known about the factors which influence Tps conformation. Recently, extracellular matrix proteins were found to influence Tps extension, adherence and spreading. Here, we show that oxidative stress and ageing influence formation of new Tps of TCs cultivated from human non-pregnant myometrium. Using real-time videomicroscopy, we found that ageing the TCs to passage 21 increased the ratio of Tps/TC number with about 50 %, whereas oxidative stress hindered formation of new Tps in both aged and young TCs (passage 7). Under oxidative stress, newly formed cell processes were up to 25 % shorter. Migration pathway length was decreased by 30-40 % for both young and aged cells in an oxidative stress environment. Contrary, addition of N-acetyl cysteine in cell culture medium shifted TCs morphology to a long and slender profile. In conclusion, we showed that TCs specific morphology in vitro is influenced by oxidative status balance, as well as ageing.
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Mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood and melanoma risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131649. [PMID: 26110424 PMCID: PMC4482392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in peripheral blood has been suggested as risk modifier in various types of cancer. However, its influence on melanoma risk is unclear. We evaluated the association between mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood and melanoma risk in 500 melanoma cases and 500 healthy controls from an ongoing melanoma study. The mtDNA copy number was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Overall, mean mtDNA copy number was significantly higher in cases than in controls (1.15 vs 0.99, P<0.001). Increased mtDNA copy number was associated with a 1.45-fold increased risk of melanoma (95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.97). Significant joint effects between mtDNA copy number and variables related to pigmentation and history of sunlight exposure were observed. This study supports an association between increased mtDNA copy number and melanoma risk that is independent on the known melanoma risk factors (pigmentation and history of sunlight exposure).
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal genetic disorder in the Caucasian people. It is due to the mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene located on the long arm of the chromosome 7, which encodes for CFTR protein. The latter, an adenosine triphosphate binding cassette, is a transmembrane chloride channel that is also involved in glutathione transport. As glutathione/glutathione disulfide constitutes the most important pool of cellular redox systems, CFTR defects could thus disrupt the intracellular redox balance. Resulting multisystemic diseases are essentially characterized by a chronic respiratory failure, a pancreatic insufficiency, an essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), and inadequate levels of antioxidant vitamins. RECENT ADVANCES The pathophysiology of CF is complex; however, several mechanisms are proposed, including oxidative stress (OxS) whose implication is recognized and has been clearly demonstrated in CF airways. CRITICAL ISSUES Little is known about OxS intrinsic triggers and its own involvement in intestinal lipid disorders. Despite the regular administration of pancreatic supplements, high-fat high-calorie diets, and antioxidant fat-soluble vitamins, there is a persistence of steatorrhea, EFAD, and harmful OxS. Intriguingly, several trials with elevated doses of antioxidant vitamins have not yielded significant improvements. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The main sources and self-maintenance of OxS in CF should be clarified to improve treatment of patients. Therefore, this review will discuss the potential sources and study the mechanisms of OxS in the intestine, known to develop various complications, and its involvement in intestinal lipid disorders in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Kleme
- 1 Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Baicalein induces human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 apoptosis via ROS-induced BNIP3 expression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4731-40. [PMID: 25618603 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a flavonoid compound, is one of the active constituents of the root of Scutellariae Radix. Its antitumor effects have attracted widespread attention worldwide. One of its major functions is to induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, but the antitumor mechanism is currently unclear. In the present study, we found that baicalein increased MG-63 cell mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, baicalein activated apoptosis through induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and that ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) apparently inhibited intracellular ROS production, consequently attenuating the baicalein-induced apoptosis. Baicalein also induce the mitochondrial fragmentation which precedes the cell apoptosis. This morphological alteration is accompanied by an increase in the expression of the protein BNIP3 as well as Mul1 and Drp1. Furthermore, we show that the inhibition of BNIP3 expression can inhibit cell apoptosis by baicalein treatment. Taken together, our results bring the evidence of a mechanism that links apoptosis and ROS-induced BNIP3 expression in MG-63 cells with bacalein treatment and suggest that baicalein has a good potential as an anti-osteosarcoma drug.
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Kuyumcu A, Akyol A, Buyuktuncer Z, Ozmen MM, Besler HT. Improved oxidative status in major abdominal surgery patients after N-acetyl cystein supplementation. Nutr J 2015; 14:4. [PMID: 25559659 PMCID: PMC4320551 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased levels of reactive oxygen species during and after surgery may affect inflammatory response, post-operative adhesion molecule formation, and hemodynamic stability. The glutathione redox cycle is an important regulator in oxidative stress and its reduced forms scavenge free radicals. N-acetyl cysteine, a precursor of reduced glutathione, is considered as a potentially therapeutic wide spectrum agent in clinical practice. We therefore examined whether N-acetyl cysteine improves some biochemical parameters in cancer patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods Thirty-three patients diagnosed with pancreas, stomach, rectum, colon malignancies, and undergoing major abdominal surgery at Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital were randomly divided into two groups; control (CON) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). The NAC group had 1,200 mg N-acetyl cysteine starting two days before the operation day, in addition to isonitrogenous and isocaloric total parenteral nutrition of 1.2 g/kg protein, 25 kcal/kg, and 60:40 carbohydrate/fat ratio. Blood and urine samples were drawn two days before the operation, on operation day, and on the first, third, and fifth days post-operation. Results Plasma malondialdehyde was significantly lower in the NAC group (P < 0.001). N-acetyl cysteine treatment did not affect plasma levels of vitamin A, C or E. The NAC group exhibited a higher ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidised glutathione (P = 0.019). Urinary nitrate level was also significantly lower in the NAC group (P = 0.016). Conclusion The study demonstrated the clinical importance of N-acetyl cysteine supplementation on antioxidant parameters in abdominal surgery patients. In these patients N-acetyl cysteine and vitamin administration can be considered as an effective method for improvement of oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Halit Tanju Besler
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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González-Rojo S, Fernández-Díez C, Guerra SM, Robles V, Herraez MP. Differential gene susceptibility to sperm DNA damage: analysis of developmental key genes in trout. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114161. [PMID: 25479606 PMCID: PMC4257556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm chromatin in mammals is packaged in different blocks associated to protamines (PDNA), histones (HDNA), or nuclear matrix proteins. Differential packaging has been related to early or late transcription and also to differential susceptibility to genotoxic damage. Genes located in the more accessible HDNA could be more susceptible to injuries than those located in PDNA, being potential biomarkers of paternal DNA damage. Fish sperm chromatin organization is much diversified, some species lacking protamines and some others totally depleted of histones. Analyzing genotoxic damage in a species homogeneously compacted with some sperm nuclear basic protein type, could help in deciphering the clues of differential susceptibility to damage. In the present study we analyzed in rainbow trout the differential susceptibility of nine genes to UV irradiation and H2O2 treatment. The absence of histones in the sperm nuclei was confirmed by Western blot. The chromatin fractionation in sensitive and resistant regions to PvuII (presumably HDNA-like and PDNA-like, respectively) revealed that the nine genes locate in the same resistant region. The number of lesions promoted was quantified using a qPCR approach. Location of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. UV irradiation promoted similar number of lesions in all the analyzed genes and a homogenous distribution of 8-OHdG within the nuclei. 8-OHdG was located in the peripheral area of the nucleus after H2O2 treatment, which promoted a significantly higher number of lesions in developmental-related genes (8.76–10.95 lesions/10 kb) than in rDNA genes (1.05–1.67 lesions/10 kb). We showed for the first time, that differential susceptibility to damage is dependent on the genotoxic mechanism and relies on positional differences between genes. Sensitive genes were also analyzed in cryopreserved sperm showing a lower number of lesions than the previous treatments and a predominant peripheral distribution of oxidative damage (8-OHdG).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana M. Guerra
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Vanesa Robles
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Herraez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Cavazos DA, deGraffenried MJ, Apte SA, Bowers LW, Whelan KA, deGraffenried LA. Obesity promotes aerobic glycolysis in prostate cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1179-86. [PMID: 25264717 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.951738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the leading preventable comorbidity associated with increased prostate cancer-related recurrence and mortality. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that a body mass index >30 is associated with increased oxidative DNA damage within the prostate gland and increased prostate cancer-related mortality. Here we provide evidence that obesity promotes worse clinical outcome through induction of metabolic abnormalities known to promote genotoxic stress. We have previously reported that blood serum derived from obese mice may enhance the proliferative and invasive potential of human prostate cancer cell lines ex vivo. Here we show that a 1-h exposure of LNCaP or PacMetUT1 prostate cancer cell lines and nonmalignant RWPE-1 prostate epithelial cells to 2% serum from obese mice induces markers of aerobic glycolysis relative to those exposed to serum from nonobese mice. This metabolic change was correlated with accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased frequency of DNA double-strand breaks. Interestingly, N-tert-Butylhydroxylamine, an antioxidant, significantly suppressed markers of aerobic glycolysis in the cells exposed to the blood serum of obese mice, suggesting that ROS contributes to a metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis. Here we describe obesity-induced changes in key metabolic markers that impact prostate cancer cell progression and explore the role of antioxidants in ameliorating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cavazos
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas , USA
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Fukuoh A, Cannino G, Gerards M, Buckley S, Kazancioglu S, Scialo F, Lihavainen E, Ribeiro A, Dufour E, Jacobs HT. Screen for mitochondrial DNA copy number maintenance genes reveals essential role for ATP synthase. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10:734. [PMID: 24952591 PMCID: PMC4265055 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The machinery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance is only partially characterized and is of wide interest due to its involvement in disease. To identify novel components of this machinery, plus other cellular pathways required for mtDNA viability, we implemented a genome-wide RNAi screen in Drosophila S2 cells, assaying for loss of fluorescence of mtDNA nucleoids stained with the DNA-intercalating agent PicoGreen. In addition to previously characterized components of the mtDNA replication and transcription machineries, positives included many proteins of the cytosolic proteasome and ribosome (but not the mitoribosome), three proteins involved in vesicle transport, some other factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis or nuclear gene expression, > 30 mainly uncharacterized proteins and most subunits of ATP synthase (but no other OXPHOS complex). ATP synthase knockdown precipitated a burst of mitochondrial ROS production, followed by copy number depletion involving increased mitochondrial turnover, not dependent on the canonical autophagy machinery. Our findings will inform future studies of the apparatus and regulation of mtDNA maintenance, and the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics and signaling in modulating mtDNA copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fukuoh
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate school of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Junshin Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Cannino
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mike Gerards
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suzanne Buckley
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Selena Kazancioglu
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Filippo Scialo
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Lihavainen
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andre Ribeiro
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eric Dufour
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Research Program of Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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