1
|
Grams RJ, Santos WL, Scorei IR, Abad-García A, Rosenblum CA, Bita A, Cerecetto H, Viñas C, Soriano-Ursúa MA. The Rise of Boron-Containing Compounds: Advancements in Synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry, and Emerging Pharmacology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2441-2511. [PMID: 38382032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC) have emerged as important pharmacophores. To date, five BCC drugs (including boronic acids and boroles) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer, infections, and atopic dermatitis, while some natural BCC are included in dietary supplements. Boron's Lewis acidity facilitates a mechanism of action via formation of reversible covalent bonds within the active site of target proteins. Boron has also been employed in the development of fluorophores, such as BODIPY for imaging, and in carboranes that are potential neutron capture therapy agents as well as novel agents in diagnostics and therapy. The utility of natural and synthetic BCC has become multifaceted, and the breadth of their applications continues to expand. This review covers the many uses and targets of boron in medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Antonio Abad-García
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carol Ann Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrei Bita
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sen A, Avsar O, Eliacik S, Uysal Tan F. Association between Alzheimer's disease, MAPT gene mutation and some biochemical biomarkers. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38319996 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2313573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease and there is still no definitive treatment today. Early diagnosis of the disease is important, but there are almost no biomarkers that can be used in early diagnosis. The cerebrospinal fluid used in the diagnosis of the disease is not sufficient and is very difficult to obtain. Therefore, blood biomarkers that are less costly, less invasive, easily accessible, and can be used in long-term studies would be a better alternative. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and P301L MAPT gene mutation, homocysteine, folate and uric acid. 101 Alzheimer's patients and 101 healthy individuals were included in this study. Mutation analysis was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with blood samples taken from the subjects. There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of homocysteine (p = 0.771), folate (p = 0.366) and uric acid (p = 0.860). When the genotypes were compared between the patient and control groups in terms of MAPT gene mutation (P301L), no statistically significant difference was detected (p = 0.081). There are very few studies in the literature investigating the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and P301L MAPT gene mutation. Additionally, there is no study investigating the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and homocysteine, folate, uric acid and P301L MAPT mutation in the Turkish population. We believe that this study has shed light on future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye
| | - Orcun Avsar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Eliacik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye
| | - Funda Uysal Tan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asamu MO, Oladipo OO, Abayomi OA, Adebayo AA. Alzheimer's disease: The role of T lymphocytes in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148589. [PMID: 37734576 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of progressive cognitive decline globally, has been reported to be enhanced by neuroinflammation. Brain-resident innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells work together to produce neuroinflammation. Studies over the past decade have established the neuroimmune axis present in Alzheimer's disease; the crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells within and outside the brain is crucial to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Although the role of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, it has been hypothesized that the brain's immune homeostasis is significantly disrupted, which greatly contributes to neuroinflammation. Brain-infiltrating T cells possess proinflammatory phenotypes and activities that directly contribute to neuroinflammation. The pro-inflammatory activities of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer's disease are characterized by the upregulation of effector T cell activities and the downregulation of regulatory T cell activities in the brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. In this review, we discuss the major impact of T lymphocytes on the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the role and mechanism of action of T cells in Alzheimer's disease would significantly contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of the disease. This knowledge could also be crucial to the development of immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moses O Asamu
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo O Oladipo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluseun A Abayomi
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Afeez A Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marsland P, Vore AS, DaPrano E, Paluch JM, Blackwell AA, Varlinskaya EI, Deak T. Sex-specific effects of ethanol consumption in older Fischer 344 rats on microglial dynamics and Aβ (1-42) accumulation. Alcohol 2023; 107:108-118. [PMID: 36155778 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia are all associated with cognitive decline later in life, raising questions about whether their underlying neuropathology may share some common features. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that ethanol exposure during adolescence or intermittent drinking in young adulthood increased neuropathological markers of AD, including both tau phosphorylation and beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation. The goal of the present study was to determine whether alcohol consumption later in life, a time when microglia and other neuroimmune processes tend to become overactive, would influence microglial clearance of Aβ(1-42), focusing specifically on microglia in close proximity to the neurovasculature. To do this, male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed to a combination of voluntary and involuntary ethanol consumption from ∼10 months of age through ∼14 months of age. Immunofluorescence revealed profound sex differences in microglial co-localization, with Aβ(1-42) showing that aged female rats with a history of ethanol consumption had a higher number of iba1+ cells and marginally reduced expression of Aβ(1-42), suggesting greater phagocytic activity of Aβ(1-42) among females after chronic ethanol consumption later in life. Interestingly, these effects were most prominent in Iba1+ cells near neurovasculature that was stained with tomato lectin. In contrast, no significant effects of ethanol consumption were observed on any markers in males. These findings are among the first reports of a sex-specific increase in microglia-mediated phagocytosis of Aβ(1-42) by perivascular microglia in aged, ethanol-consuming rats, and may have important implications for understanding mechanisms of cognitive decline associated with chronic drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige Marsland
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Andrew S Vore
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Evan DaPrano
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Joanna M Paluch
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Ashley A Blackwell
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Terrence Deak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valappil DK, Mini NJ, Dilna A, Nath S. Membrane interaction to intercellular spread of pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:936897. [PMID: 36161178 PMCID: PMC9500529 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.936897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive development of pathology is one of the major characteristic features of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent among them. Extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles are the pathological phenotypes of AD. However, cellular and animal studies implicate tau as a secondary pathology in developing AD while Aβ aggregates is considered as a trigger point. Interaction of Aβ peptides with plasma membrane (PM) seems to be a promising site of involvement in the events that lead to AD. Aβ binding to the lipid membranes initiates formation of oligomers of Aβ species, and these oligomers are known as primary toxic agents for neuronal toxicities. Once initiated, neuropathological toxicities spread in a “prion-like” fashion probably through the mechanism of intercellular transfer of pathogenic aggregates. In the last two decades, several studies have demonstrated neuron-to-neuron transfer of neurodegenerative proteins including Aβ and tau via exosomes and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), the two modes of long-range intercellular transfer. Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that molecular pathways related to the biogenesis of exosomes and TNTs interface with endo-lysosomal pathways and cellular signaling in connection to vesicle recycling-imposed PM and actin remodulation. In this review, we discuss interactions of Aβ aggregates at the membrane level and its implications in intercellular spread of pathogenic aggregates. Furthermore, we hypothesize how spread of pathogenic aggregates contributes to complex molecular events that could regulate pathological and synaptic changes related to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangeeta Nath
- *Correspondence: Sangeeta Nath, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-0050-0606
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang LC, Chen MH, Chuu CP, Li KY, Hour TC, Yang YH. Plasma biomarkers and their correlation in adult children of parents with Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:977515. [PMID: 36110426 PMCID: PMC9468332 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.977515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Family history (FH) of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with changes in several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals. However, potential changes in plasma biomarkers remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate potential plasma biomarkers and their correlation in cognitively normal adult children (AC) and to compare this data with their AD parents and unrelated non-demented controls (NC). Participants with dementia due to AD, their AC and NC were recruited. Plasma samples were assessed for amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42, Aβ1–40, total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the comparison of this data between the three groups. Spearman rank correlation was used for evaluation of the correlations between Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, and T-tau and P-tau in the AD and AC groups. A total of 99 subjects completed the assessment (30 had AD; 38 were AC group; and 31 were NC). Compared with the NC group, there were significantly higher levels of Aβ1–40, P-tau, and P-tau/T-tau ratio, and lower levels of Aβ1–42 and Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio in the AD and AC groups. The correlation between the level of Aβ1–42 and Aβ1–40 and level of T-tau and P-tau was only observed in the AC but not in the AD group. AC of AD parents demonstrate some indicators of AD like their parents. Disruption to the correlation between Aβ and tau in AD may be a biomarker for the development of AD in AC, which should be examined in a longitudinal cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
B. Szabo A, Cretin B, Gérard F, Curot J, J. Barbeau E, Pariente J, Dahan L, Valton L. Sleep: The Tip of the Iceberg in the Bidirectional Link Between Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:836292. [PMID: 35481265 PMCID: PMC9035794 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.836292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that a pathophysiological link might exist between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy dates back to the identification of the first cases of the pathology itself and is now strongly supported by an ever-increasing mountain of literature. An overwhelming majority of data suggests not only a higher prevalence of epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease compared to healthy aging, but also that AD patients with a comorbid epileptic syndrome, even subclinical, have a steeper cognitive decline. Moreover, clinical and preclinical investigations have revealed a marked sleep-related increase in the frequency of epileptic activities. This characteristic might provide clues to the pathophysiological pathways underlying this comorbidity. Furthermore, the preferential sleep-related occurrence of epileptic events opens up the possibility that they might hasten cognitive decline by interfering with the delicately orchestrated synchrony of oscillatory activities implicated in sleep-related memory consolidation. Therefore, we scrutinized the literature for mechanisms that might promote sleep-related epileptic activity in AD and, possibly dementia onset in epilepsy, and we also aimed to determine to what degree and through which processes such events might alter the progression of AD. Finally, we discuss the implications for patient care and try to identify a common basis for methodological considerations for future research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Szabo
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Anna B. Szabo
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, ICube Laboratory, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Team IMIS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CMRR d'Alsace, Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle Tête et Cou, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fleur Gérard
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Curot
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel J. Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Luc Valton
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adeowo FY, Elrashedy AA, Ejalonibu MA, Lawal IA, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Pharmacophore mapping of the crucial mediators of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase dual inhibition in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2761-2774. [PMID: 35067751 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Optimization and re-optimization of bioactive molecules using in silico methods have found application in the design of more active ones. Herein, we applied a pharmacophore modeling approach to screen potent dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) aimed at Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. The investigation entails molecular dynamics simulation, docking, pharmacophore modeling, drug-like screening, and binding energy analysis. We prepared a pharmacophore model from approved inhibitors of AChE and BuChE to predict the crucial moieties required for optimum molecular interaction with these proteins. The obtained pharmacophore model, used for database screening via some critical criteria, showed 229 hit molecules. Further analyses showed 42 likely dual inhibitors of AChE/BuChE with drug-like and pharmacokinetics properties the same as the approved cholinesterase inhibitors. Finally, we identified 14 dual molecules with improved potentials over the existing inhibitors and simulated ZINC92385797 bound to human AChE and BuChE structure after noticing that these 14 molecules are similar. The selected compound maintained relative stability at the active sites of both proteins over 120 ns simulation. Our integrated protocols showed the pertinent recipes of anti-AD drug design through the in silico pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y Adeowo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Natural and Microbial Product Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Murtala A Ejalonibu
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Isiaka A Lawal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Computer Science, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa
| | - Monsurat M Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jamwal S, Blackburn JK, Elsworth JD. PPARγ/PGC1α signaling as a potential therapeutic target for mitochondrial biogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107705. [PMID: 33039420 PMCID: PMC7887032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent some of the most devastating neurological disorders, characterized by progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons. Current therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is limited to symptomatic treatment rather than disease modifying interventions, emphasizing the desperate need for improved approaches. Abundant evidence indicates that impaired mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases and so biochemical factors in mitochondria are considered promising targets for pharmacological-based therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPARγ) are ligand-inducible transcription factors involved in regulating various genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC1α). This review summarizes the evidence supporting the ability of PPARγ-PGC1α to coordinately up-regulate the expression of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons and provide directions for future work to explore the potential benefit of targeting mitochondrial biogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. We have highlighted key roles of NRF2, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and paraoxonase-2 (PON2) signaling in mediating PGC1α-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, the status of PPARγ modulators being used in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) has been compiled. The overall purpose of this review is to update and critique our understanding of the role of PPARγ-PGC1α-NRF2 in the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis together with suggestions for strategies to target PPARγ-PGC1α-NRF2 signaling in order to combat mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jennifer K Blackburn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John D Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paik S, Somvanshi RK, Oliveira HA, Zou S, Kumar U. Somatostatin Ameliorates β-Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxicity via the Regulation of CRMP2 Phosphorylation and Calcium Homeostasis in SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010027. [PMID: 33401710 PMCID: PMC7823260 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and affords neuroprotection in response to neurotoxins. In the present study, we investigated the role of Somatostatin-14 (SST) in cell viability and the regulation of phosphorylation of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (CRMP2) (Ser522) via the blockade of Ca2+ accumulation, along with the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and Calpain activation in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Viability and Caspase 3/7 assays suggest that the presence of SST ameliorates mitochondrial stability and cell survival pathways while augmenting pro-apoptotic pathways activated by Aβ. SST inhibits the phosphorylation of CRMP2 at Ser522 site, which is primarily activated by CDK5. Furthermore, SST effectively regulates Ca2+ influx in the presence of Aβ, directly affecting the activity of calpain in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We also demonstrated that SSTR2 mediates the protective effects of SST. In conclusion, our results highlight the regulatory role of SST in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The neuroprotective role of SST via axonal regeneration and synaptic integrity is corroborated by regulating changes in CRMP2; however, SST-mediated changes in the blockade of Ca2+ influx, calpain expression, and toxicity did not correlate with CDK5 expression and p35/25 accumulation. To summarize, our findings suggest two independent mechanisms by which SST mediates neuroprotection and confirms the therapeutic implications of SST in AD as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases where the effective regulation of calcium homeostasis is required for a better prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ujendra Kumar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-827-3660; Fax: +1-604-822-3035
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dogra A, Narang RS, Narang JK. Recent Advances in Nanotherapeutic Interventions for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2257-2279. [PMID: 32321393 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200422092620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), with impairment of learning and memory as the common clinical manifestations, is one of the most challenging diseases affecting individuals, their families and society as a whole. The fact that its prevalence is escalating rapidly, with the total number of AD patients estimated to reach 115.4 million by 2050, has made the disease a very challenging ailment worldwide. Several biological barriers like the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), drug efflux by P-glycoprotein and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier restrict the delivery of conventional AD drugs to the central nervous system (CNS), thereby limiting their effectiveness. In order to overcome the above physiological barriers, the development of nanomedicines has been extensively explored. The present review provides an insight into the pathophysiology of AD and risk factors associated with AD. Besides, various nanoformulations reported in the literature for the diagnosis and treatments of AD have been classified and summarised. The patented nanoformulations for AD and details of nanoformulations which are in clinical trials are also mentioned. The review would be helpful to researchers and scientific community by providing them with information related to the recent advances in nanointerventions for the diagnosis and treatment of AD, which they can further explore for better management of the disease. However, although the nanotherapeutics for managing AD have been extensively explored, the factors which hinder their commercialisation, the toxicity concern being one of them, need to be addressed so that effective nanotherapeutics for AD can be developed for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Dogra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - R S Narang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jasjeet K Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kolagar TA, Farzaneh M, Nikkar N, Khoshnam SE. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potentials, Advances and Limitations. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:102-110. [PMID: 31441732 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190823142911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive and uncontrolled gradual loss of motor neurons function or death of neuron cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the mechanisms underlying their progressive nature remain elusive. There is urgent need to investigate therapeutic strategies and novel treatments for neural regeneration in disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently, the development and identification of pluripotent stem cells enabling the acquisition of a large number of neural cells in order to improve cell recovery after neurodegenerative disorders. Pluripotent stem cells which consist of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are characterized by their ability to indefinitely self-renew and the capacity to differentiate into different types of cells. The first human ESC lines were established from donated human embryos; while, because of a limited supply of donor embryos, human ESCs derivation remains ethically and politically controversial. Hence, hiPSCs-based therapies have been shown as an effective replacement for human ESCs without embryo destruction. Compared to the invasive methods for derivation of human ESCs, human iPSCs has opened possible to reprogram patient-specific cells by defined factors and with minimally invasive procedures. Human pluripotent stem cells are a good source for cell-based research, cell replacement therapies and disease modeling. To date, hundreds of human ESC and human iPSC lines have been generated with the aim of treating various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have highlighted the recent potentials, advances, and limitations of human pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Akbari Kolagar
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Nikkar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rivera-Marrero S, Bencomo-Martínez A, Orta Salazar E, Sablón-Carrazana M, García-Pupo L, Zoppolo F, Arredondo F, Dapueto R, Daniela Santi M, Kreimerman I, Pardo T, Reyes L, Galán L, León-Chaviano S, Espinosa-Rodríguez LA, Menéndez-Soto Del Valle R, Savio E, Díaz Cintra S, Rodríguez-Tanty C. A new naphthalene derivative with anti-amyloidogenic activity as potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115700. [PMID: 33069076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of β-amyloid peptides is associated to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Consequently, the inhibition of both oligomerization and fibrillation of β-amyloid peptides is considered a plausible therapeutic approach for AD. Herein, the synthesis of new naphthalene derivatives and their evaluation as anti-β-amyloidogenic agents are presented. Molecular dynamic simulations predicted the formation of thermodynamically stable complexes between the compounds, the Aβ1-42 peptide and fibrils. In human microglia cells, these compounds inhibited the aggregation of Aβ1-42 peptide. The lead compound 8 showed a high affinity to amyloid plaques in mice brain ex vivo assays and an adequate log Poct/PBS value. Compound 8 also improved the cognitive function and decreased hippocampal β-amyloid burden in the brain of 3xTg-AD female mice. Altogether, our results suggest that 8 could be a novel therapeutic agent for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchitil Rivera-Marrero
- Department of Neurochemistry, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Street. 190 e/ 25 and 27, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Alberto Bencomo-Martínez
- Department of Neurochemistry, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Street. 190 e/ 25 and 27, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Erika Orta Salazar
- Institute of Neurobiology (INB), Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, UNAM Juriquilla Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marquiza Sablón-Carrazana
- Department of Neurochemistry, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Street. 190 e/ 25 and 27, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Laura García-Pupo
- Department of Neurochemistry, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Street. 190 e/ 25 and 27, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Florencia Zoppolo
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Arredondo
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Daniela Santi
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ingrid Kreimerman
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tania Pardo
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Reyes
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lídice Galán
- Department of Neurochemistry, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Street. 190 e/ 25 and 27, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Samila León-Chaviano
- Department of Neurochemistry, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Street. 190 e/ 25 and 27, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Luis A Espinosa-Rodríguez
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 e/ 158 and 190, Havana, CP10600, Cuba
| | - Roberto Menéndez-Soto Del Valle
- Department of Neurochemistry, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Street. 190 e/ 25 and 27, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, CP 11600, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Savio
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Díaz Cintra
- Institute of Neurobiology (INB), Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, UNAM Juriquilla Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Chryslaine Rodríguez-Tanty
- Department of Neurochemistry, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Street. 190 e/ 25 and 27, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, CP 11600, Cuba.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salvadores N, Gerónimo-Olvera C, Court FA. Axonal Degeneration in AD: The Contribution of Aβ and Tau. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:581767. [PMID: 33192476 PMCID: PMC7593241 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.581767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, affecting around 35 million people worldwide. Despite enormous efforts dedicated to AD research over decades, there is still no cure for the disease. Misfolding and accumulation of Aβ and tau proteins in the brain constitute a defining signature of AD neuropathology, and mounting evidence has documented a link between aggregation of these proteins and neuronal dysfunction. In this context, progressive axonal degeneration has been associated with early stages of AD and linked to Aβ and tau accumulation. As the axonal degeneration mechanism has been starting to be unveiled, it constitutes a promising target for neuroprotection in AD. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of axonal destruction in neurodegenerative conditions is therefore critical for the development of new therapies aimed to prevent axonal loss before irreversible neuronal death occurs in AD. Here, we review current evidence of the involvement of Aβ and tau pathologies in the activation of signaling cascades that can promote axonal demise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Salvadores
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Gerónimo-Olvera
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Court
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adeowo FY, Ejalonibu MA, Elrashedy AA, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Multi-target approach for Alzheimer's disease treatment: computational biomolecular modeling of cholinesterase enzymes with a novel 4- N-phenylaminoquinoline derivative reveal promising potentials. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3825-3841. [PMID: 33030113 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1826129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The identification of dual inhibitors targeting the active sites of the cholinesterase enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), have lately surfaced as a multi-approach towards Alzheimer treatment. More recently, a novel series of 4-N-phenylaminoquinolines was synthesized and evaluated against AChE and BuChE in which one of the compounds displayed appreciable inhibition compared to the standard compound, galantamine. To provide a clearer picture of the inhibition mechanism of this potent compound at the molecular level, computational biomolecular modeling was carried out. The investigation was initiated with the exploration of the chemical properties of the identified compound 11 b and reference drug, galantamine. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal some conceptual parameters that provide information on the stability and reactivity of the compounds as potential inhibitors. To unveil the binding mechanism, energetics and enzyme-ligand interactions, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of six different systems were executed over a period. Calculated binding free energy values are in the same order with experimental IC50 data. Identification of the main residues driving optimum binding of the active compound 11 b to the binding region of both AChE and BuChE showed Trp81 and Trp110 as the most important, respectively. It was proposed that the studied compound could serve as a dual inhibitor for AChE and BuChE, therefore, would potentially be a promising moiety in a multi-target approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disorder.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y Adeowo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Murtala A Ejalonibu
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Molecular Bio-computational and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Monsurat M Lawal
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zubčić K, Hof PR, Šimić G, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. The Role of Copper in Tau-Related Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:572308. [PMID: 33071757 PMCID: PMC7533614 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.572308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of abnormal forms of tau protein in neurons and glial cells, which negatively affect microtubule stability. Under physiological conditions, tubulin-associated unit (Tau) protein is intrinsically disordered, almost without secondary structure, and is not prone to aggregation. In AD, it assembles, and forms paired helical filaments (PHFs) that further build-up neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Aggregates are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein that is more prone to aggregation. The pathology of AD is also linked to disturbed copper homeostasis, which promotes oxidative stress (OS). Copper imbalance is widely observed in AD patients. Deregulated copper ions may initiate and exacerbate tau hyperphosphorylation and formation of β-sheet-rich tau fibrils that ultimately contribute to synaptic failure, neuronal death, and cognitive decline observed in AD patients. The present review summarizes factors affecting the process of tau aggregation, conformational changes of small peptide sequences in the microtubule-binding domain required for these motifs to act as seeding sites in aggregation, and the role of copper in OS induction, tau hyperphosphorylation and tau assembly. A better understanding of the various factors that affect tau aggregation under OS conditions may reveal new targets and novel pharmacological approaches for the therapy of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Zubčić
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropathology, Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Goran Šimić
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropathology, Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cap KC, Jung YJ, Choi BY, Hyeon SJ, Kim JG, Min JK, Islam R, Hossain AJ, Chung WS, Suh SW, Ryu H, Park JB. Distinct dual roles of p-Tyr42 RhoA GTPase in tau phosphorylation and ATP citrate lyase activation upon different Aβ concentrations. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101446. [PMID: 32046944 PMCID: PMC7264465 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in plaques and phosphorylation of Tau protein (p-Tau) in neurofibrillary tangles have been identified as two major symptomatic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite of critical role of Aβ and p-Tau in AD progress, the interconnection of signalling pathways that Aβ induces p-Tau remains elusive. Herein, we observed that a popular AD model mouse (APP/PS1) and Aβ-injected mouse showed an increase in p-Tyr42 Rho in hippocampus of brain. Low concentrations of Aβ (1 μM) induced RhoA-mediated Ser422 phosphorylation of Tau protein (p-Ser422 Tau), but reduced the expression of ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in the HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. In contrast, high concentrations of Aβ (10 μM) along with high levels of superoxide production remarkably attenuated accumulation of p-Ser422 Tau, but augmented ACL expression and activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), leading to cellular senescence. Notably, a high concentration of Aβ (10 μM) induced nuclear localization of p-Tyr42 Rho, which positively regulated NAD kinase (NADK) expression by binding to the NADK promoter. Furthermore, severe AD patient brain showed high p-Tyr42 Rho levels. Collectively, our findings indicate that both high and low concentrations of Aβ are detrimental to neurons via distinct two p-Tyr42 RhoA-mediated signalling pathways in Ser422 phosphorylation of Tau and ACL expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cuong Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Yeon-Joo Jung
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Laboratory for Brain Gene Regulation and Epigenetics, Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Jubayer Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Laboratory for Brain Gene Regulation and Epigenetics, Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Hallym Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; eLmed Co., Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Young PNE, Estarellas M, Coomans E, Srikrishna M, Beaumont H, Maass A, Venkataraman AV, Lissaman R, Jiménez D, Betts MJ, McGlinchey E, Berron D, O'Connor A, Fox NC, Pereira JB, Jagust W, Carter SF, Paterson RW, Schöll M. Imaging biomarkers in neurodegeneration: current and future practices. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:49. [PMID: 32340618 PMCID: PMC7187531 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing role for biological markers (biomarkers) in the understanding and diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. The application of imaging biomarkers specifically for the in vivo investigation of neurodegenerative disorders has increased substantially over the past decades and continues to provide further benefits both to the diagnosis and understanding of these diseases. This review forms part of a series of articles which stem from the University College London/University of Gothenburg course "Biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases". In this review, we focus on neuroimaging, specifically positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), giving an overview of the current established practices clinically and in research as well as new techniques being developed. We will also discuss the use of machine learning (ML) techniques within these fields to provide additional insights to early diagnosis and multimodal analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter N E Young
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mar Estarellas
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science & Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Coomans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meera Srikrishna
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Beaumont
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ashwin V Venkataraman
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rikki Lissaman
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel Jiménez
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matthew J Betts
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - David Berron
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Antoinette O'Connor
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephen F Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, MAHSC, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumari R, Kumar R, Kumar S, Singh AK, Hanpude P, Jangir D, Maiti TK. Amyloid aggregates of the deubiquitinase OTUB1 are neurotoxic, suggesting that they contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3466-3484. [PMID: 32005664 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial malady and the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. A hallmark of PD pathology is the formation of intracellular protein inclusions, termed Lewy bodies (LBs). Recent MS studies have shown that OTU deubiquitinase ubiquitin aldehyde-binding 1 (OTUB1), a deubiquitinating enzyme of the OTU family, is enriched together with α-synuclein in LBs from individuals with PD and is also present in amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, using mammalian cell cultures and a PD mouse model, along with CD spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, immunofluorescence-based imaging, and various biochemical assays, we demonstrate that after heat-induced protein aggregation, OTUB1 reacts strongly with both anti-A11 and anti-osteocalcin antibodies, detecting oligomeric, prefibrillar structures or fibrillar species of amyloidogenic proteins, respectively. Further, recombinant OTUB1 exhibited high thioflavin-T and Congo red binding and increased β-sheet formation upon heat induction. The oligomeric OTUB1 aggregates were highly cytotoxic, characteristic of many amyloid proteins. OTUB1 formed inclusions in neuronal cells and co-localized with thioflavin S and with α-synuclein during rotenone-induced stress. It also co-localized with the disease-associated variant pS129-α-synuclein in rotenone-exposed mouse brains. Interestingly, OTUB1 aggregates were also associated with severe cytoskeleton damage, rapid internalization inside the neuronal cells, and mitochondrial damage, all of which contribute to neurotoxicity. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that OTUB1 may contribute to LB pathology through its amyloidogenic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raniki Kumari
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Pranita Hanpude
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Deepak Jangir
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arnés M, Romero N, Casas-Tintó S, Acebes Á, Ferrús A. PI3K activation prevents Aβ42-induced synapse loss and favors insoluble amyloid deposit formation. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:244-260. [PMID: 31877058 PMCID: PMC7183762 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-05-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess of Aβ42 peptide is considered a hallmark of the disease. Here we express the human Aβ42 peptide to assay the neuroprotective effects of PI3K in adult Drosophila melanogaster. The neuronal expression of the human peptide elicits progressive toxicity in the adult fly. The pathological traits include reduced axonal transport, synapse loss, defective climbing ability and olfactory perception, as well as lifespan reduction. The Aβ42-dependent synapse decay does not involve transcriptional changes in the core synaptic protein encoding genes bruchpilot, liprin and synaptobrevin. All toxicity features, however, are suppressed by the coexpression of PI3K. Moreover, PI3K activation induces a significant increase of 6E10 and thioflavin-positive amyloid deposits. Mechanistically, we suggest that Aβ42-Ser26 could be a candidate residue for direct or indirect phosphorylation by PI3K. Along with these in vivo experiments, we further analyze Aβ42 toxicity and its suppression by PI3K activation in in vitro assays with SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell cultures, where Aβ42 aggregation into large insoluble deposits is reproduced. Finally, we show that the Aβ42 toxicity syndrome includes the transcriptional shut down of PI3K expression. Taken together, these results uncover a potential novel pharmacological strategy against this disease through the restoration of PI3K activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ninovska Romero
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Acebes
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Olasehinde TA, Olaniran AO, Okoh AI. Phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, anticholinesterase potential and modulatory effects of aqueous extracts of some seaweeds on β-amyloid aggregation and disaggregation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:460-469. [PMID: 31335235 PMCID: PMC6691876 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1634741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Context: Seaweeds contain bioactive compounds with different biological activities. They are used as functional ingredients for the development of therapeutic agents to combat degenerative diseases. Objective: This study investigated the phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, cholinesterase inhibitory and anti-amyloidogenic activities of aqueous extracts of Gracilaria beckeri (J.Agardh) Papenfuss (Gracilariaceae) (RED-AQ), Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss (Lessoniaceae) (ECK-AQ), Ulva rigida (C.Agardh) Linnaeus (Ulvaceae) (URL-AQ) and Gelidium pristoides (Turner) Kützing (Gelidiaceae) (GEL-AQ). Materials and methods: Phenolic composition of the seaweed extracts was determined using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Radical scavenging and metal chelating activities were assessed in vitro. The effect of the extracts (21-84 µg/mL) on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities were also investigated using an in vitro colorimetric assay. Transmission electron microscope and thioflavin-T fluorescence assay were used to examine the anti-amyloidogenic activities of the extracts. Results: Phloroglucinol, catechin, epicatechin 3-glucoside were identified in the extracts. ECK-AQ (IC50=30.42 and 280.47 µg/mL) exhibited the highest OH• scavenging and metal chelating activities, while RED-AQ (41.23 and 334.45 µg/mL) exhibited the lowest. Similarly, ECK-AQ (IC50 = 49.41 and 52.11 µg/mL) exhibited higher inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, while RED-AQ (64.56 and 63.03 µg/mL) showed the least activities. Rapid formation of β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) fibrils and aggregates was observed in electron micrographs of the control after 72 and 96 h. The reduction of Aβ1-42 aggregates occurred after co-treatment with the seaweed extracts. Discussion and conclusion: ECK-AQ, GEL-AQ, URL-AQ and RED-AQ may possess neuroprotective potential and could be explored for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A. Olasehinde
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Food Technology Department, Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ademola O. Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jović M, Lončarević-Vasiljković N, Ivković S, Dinić J, Milanović D, Zlokovic B, Kanazir S. Short-term fish oil supplementation applied in presymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease enhances microglial/macrophage barrier and prevents neuritic dystrophy in parietal cortex of 5xFAD mouse model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216726. [PMID: 31095617 PMCID: PMC6522015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophic neurites and activated microglia are one of the main neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the use of supplements with omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with reduced risk and lessened AD pathology, it still remains elusive whether such a treatment could affect dystrophic neurites (DNs) formation and microglia/macrophage behavior in the early phase of disease. We analyzed the effects of short-term (3 weeks) fish oil supplementation on DNs formation, tau hyperphosphorylation, Amyloid-beta peptide 1–42 (Aβ42) levels and microglial/macrophage response to AD pathology in the parietal cortex of 4-month-old 5xFAD mice, a mouse model of AD. The present study shows for the first time that short-term FO supplementation applied in presymptomatic stage of AD, alters the behaviour of microglia/macrophages prompting them to establish a physical barrier around amyloid plaques. This barrier significantly suppresses DNs formation through the reduction of both Aβ content and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the short-term FO treatment neither suppresses inflammation nor enhances phagocytic properties of microglia/macrophages in the response to Aβ pathology, the effects most commonly attributed to the fish oil supplementation. Our findings suggest that fish oil consumption may play an important role in modulating microglial/macrophage response and ameliorating the AD pathology in presymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Lončarević-Vasiljković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (NLV); (SK)
| | - Sanja Ivković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Desanka Milanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (NLV); (SK)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu YT, Adnan A. Damage and Failure of Axonal Microtubule under Extreme High Strain Rate: An In-Silico Molecular Dynamics Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12260. [PMID: 30115936 PMCID: PMC6095851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29804-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major cytoskeleton element of the axon, the breaking of microtubules (MTs) has been considered as a major cause of the axon degeneration. High strain rate loading is considered as one of the key factors in microtubule breaking. Due to the small size of microtubule, the real-time behavior of microtubule breaking is hard to capture. This study employs fully-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to determine the failure modes of microtubule under different loadings conditions such as, unidirectional stretching, bending and hydrostatic expansion. For each loading conditions, MT is subjected to extreme high strain rate (108-109 s-1) loading. We argue that such level of high strain rate may be realized during cavitation bubble implosion. For each loading type, we have determined the critical energy for MT rupture. The associated rupture mechanisms are also discussed. We observed that the stretching has the lowest energy barrier to break the MT at the nanosecond time scale. Moreover, the breakage between the dimers starts at ~16% of total strain when stretched, which is much smaller compared to the reported strain-at-failure (50%) for lower strain rate loading. It suggests that MT fails at a significantly smaller strain states when loaded at higher strain rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ting Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Ashfaq Adnan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sen T, Saha P, Sen N. Nitrosylation of GAPDH augments pathological tau acetylation upon exposure to amyloid-β. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/522/eaao6765. [PMID: 29559585 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao6765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau promotes its polymerization into neurofibrillary tangles that are implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The gaseous neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) regulates cell signaling through the nitrosylation of proteins. We found that NO production and tau acetylation at Lys280 occurred in the brain tissue in mice and in cultured mouse cortical neurons in response to exposure to amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), a peptide that is also implicated in AD. An increased abundance of NO facilitated the S-nitrosylation (SNO) of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). S-nitrosylated GAPDH (GAPDH-SNO) promoted the acetylation and activation of the acetyltransferase p300 and facilitated the nitrosylation and inactivation of the deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). The abundance of GAPDH-SNO was increased in postmortem brain samples from AD patients. Preventing the increase in GAPDH-SNO abundance in both cultured neurons and mice, either by overexpression of the nitrosylation mutant of GAPDH (GAPDH C150S) or by treatment with the GAPDH nitrosylation inhibitor CGP3466B (also known as omigapil), abrogated Aβ1-42-induced tau acetylation, memory impairment, and locomotor dysfunction in mice, suggesting that this drug might be repurposed to treat patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Pampa Saha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nilkantha Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Majumder P, Roy K, Singh BK, Jana NR, Mukhopadhyay D. Cellular levels of Grb2 and cytoskeleton stability are correlated in a neurodegenerative scenario. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:655-669. [PMID: 28360125 PMCID: PMC5451165 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests as neuronal loss. On the premise of Grb2 overexpression in AD mouse brain and brain tissues of AD patients, our study primarily focuses on the stability of cytoskeletal proteins in the context of degenerative AD-like conditions. Two predominant molecular features of AD, extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid oligomers and intracellular elevation of amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain levels, have been used to closely inspect the series of signalling events. In their presence, multiple signalling pathways involving ROCK and PAK1 proteins lead to disassembly of the cytoskeleton, and Grb2 partially counterbalances the cytoskeletal loss. Increased Grb2-NOX4 interactions play a preventive role against cytoskeletal disassembly, in turn blocking the activity of nitrogen oxides and decreasing the expression of slingshot homolog 1 (SSH-1) protein, a potent inducer of cytoskeleton disassembly. This study unravels a unique role of Grb2 in protecting the cytoskeletal architecture in AD-like conditions and presents a potential new strategy for controlling neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Majumder
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Kasturi Roy
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, India
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu X, Kosaraju J, Zhou W, Tam KY. Neuroprotective Effect of SLM, a Novel Carbazole-Based Fluorophore, on SH-SY5Y Cell Model and 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:676-685. [PMID: 28032988 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregating to form a neurotoxic plaque, leading to cognitive deficits, is believed to be one of the plausible mechanisms for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibiting Aβ aggregation is supposed to offer a neuroprotective effect to ameliorate AD. A previous report has shown that SLM, a carbazole-based fluorophore, binds to Aβ to inhibit the aggregation. However, it is not entirely clear whether the inhibition of Aβ aggregation alone would lead to the anticipated neuroprotective effects. In the current study, we intended to examine the protective action of SLM against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and to evaluate if SLM can decrease the cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in triple transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD). In the in vitro study, neurotoxicity induced by Aβ42 in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells was found to be reduced through the treatment with SLM. In the in vivo study, following one month SLM intraperitoneal injection (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg), 3xTg-AD mice were tested on Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze for their cognitive ability and sacrificed for biochemical estimations. Results show that SLM treatment improved the learning and memory ability in 3xTg-AD mice in MWM and Y-maze tasks. SLM also mitigated the amyloid burden by decreasing brain Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels and reduced tau phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity, and neuro-inflammation. From our observations, SLM shows neuroprotection in SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ42 and also in 3xTg-AD mouse model by mitigating the pathological features and behavioral impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Drug Development Core, Faculty
of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jayasankar Kosaraju
- Drug Development Core, Faculty
of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Drug Development Core, Faculty
of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Drug Development Core, Faculty
of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tahir W, Zafar S, Llorens F, Arora AS, Thüne K, Schmitz M, Gotzmann N, Kruse N, Mollenhauer B, Torres JM, Andréoletti O, Ferrer I, Zerr I. Molecular Alterations in the Cerebellum of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Subtypes with DJ-1 as a Key Regulator of Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:517-537. [PMID: 27975168 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar damage and granular and Purkinje cell loss in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) highlight a critical involvement of the cerebellum during symptomatic progression of the disease. In this project, global proteomic alterations in the cerebellum of brain from the two most prevalent subtypes (MM1 and VV2) of sCJD were studied. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled mass spectrometric identification revealed 40 proteins in MM1 and 43 proteins in VV2 subtype to be differentially expressed. Of those, 12 proteins showed common differential expression in their expression between two subtypes. Differentially expressed proteins mainly belonged to (i) cell cycle, gene expression and cell death; (ii) cellular stress response/oxidative stress (OS) and (iii) signal transduction and synaptic functions, related molecular functions. We verified 10 differentially expressed proteins at transcriptional and translational level as well. Interestingly, protein deglycase DJ-1 (an antioxidative protein) showed an increase in its messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in both MM1 and VV2 subtypes but protein expression only in VV2 subtype in cerebellum of sCJD patients. Nuclear translocalization of DJ-1 confirmed its expressional alteration due to OS in sCJD. Downstream experiments showed the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidative response element (ARE) pathway. DJ-1 protein concentration was significantly increased during the clinical phase in cerebrospinal fluid of sCJD patients and also at presymptomatic and symptomatic stages in cerebellum of humanized PrP transgenic mice inoculated with sCJD (MM1 and VV2) brain. These results suggest the implication of oxidative stress during the pathophysiology of sCJD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Tahir
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amandeep Singh Arora
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Gotzmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Niels Kruse
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Juan Maria Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Carretera de Algete a El Casar Km. 8,1 S/N, 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Ministry of Health, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str., 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hao W, Friedman A. Mathematical model on Alzheimer's disease. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:108. [PMID: 27863488 PMCID: PMC5116206 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys memory and cognitive skills. AD is characterized by the presence of two types of neuropathological hallmarks: extracellular plaques consisting of amyloid β-peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. The disease affects 5 million people in the United States and 44 million world-wide. Currently there is no drug that can cure, stop or even slow the progression of the disease. If no cure is found, by 2050 the number of alzheimer’s patients in the U.S. will reach 15 million and the cost of caring for them will exceed $ 1 trillion annually. Results The present paper develops a mathematical model of AD that includes neurons, astrocytes, microglias and peripheral macrophages, as well as amyloid β aggregation and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. The model is represented by a system of partial differential equations. The model is used to simulate the effect of drugs that either failed in clinical trials, or are currently in clinical trials. Conclusions Based on these simulations it is suggested that combined therapy with TNF- α inhibitor and anti amyloid β could yield significant efficacy in slowing the progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, The Penn State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute & Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bellozi PMQ, Lima IVDA, Dória JG, Vieira ÉLM, Campos AC, Candelario-Jalil E, Reis HJ, Teixeira AL, Ribeiro FM, de Oliveira ACP. Neuroprotective effects of the anticancer drug NVP-BEZ235 (dactolisib) on amyloid-β 1-42 induced neurotoxicity and memory impairment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25226. [PMID: 27142962 PMCID: PMC4855228 DOI: 10.1038/srep25226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the main cause of dementia. Substantial evidences indicate that there is over-activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in AD. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ; dactolisib), a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor that is under phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of some types of cancer, in hippocampal neuronal cultures stimulated with amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 and in mice injected with Aβ 1-42 in the hippocampus. In cell cultures, BEZ reduced neuronal death induced by Aβ. BEZ, but not rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, or LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor that also inhibits mTOR, reduced the memory impairment induced by Aβ. The effect induced by Aβ was also prevented in PI3Kγ(-/-) mice. Neuronal death and microgliosis induced by Aβ were reduced by BEZ. In addition, the compound increased IL-10 and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus. Finally, BEZ did not change the phosphorylation of Akt and p70s6K, suggesting that the involvement of PI3K and mTOR in the effects induced by BEZ remains controversial. Therefore, BEZ represents a potential strategy to prevent the pathological outcomes induced by Aβ and should be investigated in other models of neurodegenerative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Guimarães Dória
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Alline Cristina Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Helton José Reis
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Mara Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jacob RS, George E, Singh PK, Salot S, Anoop A, Jha NN, Sen S, Maji SK. Cell Adhesion on Amyloid Fibrils Lacking Integrin Recognition Motif. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5278-98. [PMID: 26742841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are highly ordered, cross-β-sheet-rich protein/peptide aggregates associated with both human diseases and native functions. Given the well established ability of amyloids in interacting with cell membranes, we hypothesize that amyloids can serve as universal cell-adhesive substrates. Here, we show that, similar to the extracellular matrix protein collagen, amyloids of various proteins/peptides support attachment and spreading of cells via robust stimulation of integrin expression and formation of integrin-based focal adhesions. Additionally, amyloid fibrils are also capable of immobilizing non-adherent red blood cells through charge-based interactions. Together, our results indicate that both active and passive mechanisms contribute to adhesion on amyloid fibrils. The present data may delineate the functional aspect of cell adhesion on amyloids by various organisms and its involvement in human diseases. Our results also raise the exciting possibility that cell adhesivity might be a generic property of amyloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reeba S Jacob
- From the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Edna George
- From the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- From the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Shimul Salot
- From the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Arunagiri Anoop
- From the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Narendra Nath Jha
- From the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- From the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- From the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gong H, Feng L. Computational analysis of the roles of ER-Golgi network in the cell cycle. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8 Suppl 4:S3. [PMID: 25522186 PMCID: PMC4290691 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-8-s4-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ER-Golgi network plays an important role in the processing, sorting and transport of proteins, and it's also a site for many signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle. Accumulating evidence suggests that, the stressed ER and malfunction of Golgi apparatus are associated with the pathogenesis of cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous work discovered and verified that altering the expression levels of target SNARE and GEF could modulate the size of Golgi apparatus. Moreover, Golgi's structure and size undergo dramatic changes during the development of several diseases. It is of importance to investigate the roles of ER-Golgi network in the cell cycle progression and some diseases. RESULTS In this work, we first develop a computational model to study the ER stress-induced and Golgi-related apoptosis-survival signaling pathways. Then, we propose and apply both asynchronous and synchronous model checking methods, which extend our previous verification technique, to automatically and formally analyze the ER-Golgi-regulated signaling pathways in the cell cycle progression through verifying some computation tree temporal logic formulas. CONCLUSIONS The proposed asynchronous and synchronous verification technique has advantages for large network analysis and verification over traditional simulation methods. Using the model checking method, we verified several Alzheimer's disease and cancer-related properties, and also identified important proteins (NFκB, ATF4, ASK1 and TRAF2) in the ER-Golgi network, which might be responsible for the pathogenesis of cancer and AD. Our studies indicate that targeting the ER stress-induced and Golgi-related pathways might serve as potent therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang HJ, Lee CC, Chen CYC. In silico design of BACE1 inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease by traditional Chinese medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:741703. [PMID: 24900984 PMCID: PMC4034430 DOI: 10.1155/2014/741703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is an important target for causing Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to the brain deposition peptide amyloid beta (Aβ) require cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by BACE1 and γ-secretase, but treatments of AD still have side effect in recent therapy. This study utilizes the world largest traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database and database screening to provide potential BACE1 inhibited compound. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to observe the dynamics structure after ligand binding. We found that Triptofordin B1 has less toxicity than pyrimidine analogue, which has more potent binding affinity with BACE1. For trajectory analysis, all conformations are tending to be stable during 5000 ps simulation time. In dynamic protein validation, the residues of binding region are still stable after MD simulation. For snapshot comparison, we found that Triptofordin B1 could reduce the binding cavity; the results reveal that Triptofordin B1 could bind to BACE1 and better than control, which could be used as potential lead drug to design novel BACE1 inhibitor for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jin Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|