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Zhang Y, Zheng WH, Zhou SH, Gu JL, Yu Q, Zhu YZ, Yan YJ, Zhu Z, Shang JB. Molecular genetics, therapeutics and RET inhibitor resistance for medullary thyroid carcinoma and future perspectives. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:460. [PMID: 39342195 PMCID: PMC11439284 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare type of thyroid malignancy that accounts for approximately 1-2% of all thyroid cancers (TCs). MTC include hereditary and sporadic cases, the former derived from a germline mutation of rearrangement during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene, whereas somatic RET mutations are frequently present in the latter. Surgery is the standard treatment for early stage MTC, and the 10-year survival rate of early MTC is over 80%. While for metastatic MTC, chemotherapy showing low response rate, and there was a lack of effective systemic therapies in the past. Due to the high risk (ca. 15-20%) of distant metastasis and limited systemic therapies, the 10-year survival rate of patients with advanced MTC was only 10-40% from the time of first metastasis. Over the past decade, targeted therapy for RET has developed rapidly, bringing hopes to patients with advanced and progressive MTC. Two multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs) including Cabozantinib and Vandetanib have been shown to increase progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with metastatic MTC and have been approved as choices of first-line treatment. However, these MKIs have not prolonged overall survival (OS) and their utility is limited due to high rates of off-target toxicities. Recently, new generation TKIs, including Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib, have demonstrated highly selective efficacy against RET and more favorable side effect profiles, and gained approval as second-line treatment options. Despite the ongoing development of RET inhibitors, the management of advanced and progressive MTC remains challenging, drug resistance remains the main reason for treatment failure, and the mechanisms are still unclear. Besides, new promising therapeutic approaches, such as novel drug combinations and next generation RET inhibitors are under development. Herein, we overview the pathogenesis, molecular genetics and current management approaches of MTC, and focus on the recent advances of RET inhibitors, summarize the current situation and unmet needs of these RET inhibitors in MTC, and provide an overview of novel strategies for optimizing therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hui Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Lei Gu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Jie Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Jin-Biao Shang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Jiang H, He Y, Lan X, Xie X. Identification and validation of potential common biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15578. [PMID: 38971817 PMCID: PMC11227570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) may contribute to an increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the exact relationship between HT and PTC is still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify potential common biomarkers that may be associated with both PTC and HT. Three microarray datasets from the GEO database and RNA-seq dataset from TCGA database were collected to identify shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HT and PTC. A total of 101 genes was identified as common DEGs, primarily enriched inflammation- and immune-related pathways through GO and KEGG analysis. We performed protein-protein interaction analysis and identified six significant modules comprising a total of 29 genes. Subsequently, tree hub genes (CD53, FCER1G, TYROBP) were selected using random forest (RF) algorithms for the development of three diagnostic models. The artificial neural network (ANN) model demonstrates superior performance. Notably, CD53 exerted the greatest influence on the ANN model output. We analyzed the protein expressions of the three genes using the Human Protein Atlas database. Moreover, we observed various dysregulated immune cells that were significantly associated with the hub genes through immune infiltration analysis. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the differential expression of CD53, FCER1G, and TYROBP, as well as the results of immune infiltration analysis. Lastly, we hypothesise that benzylpenicilloyl polylysine and aspirinmay be effective in the treatment of HT and PTC and may prevent HT carcinogenesis. This study indicates that CD53, FCER1G, and TYROBP play a role in the development of HT and PTC, and may contribute to the progression of HT to PTC. These hub genes could potentially serve as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for PTC and HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical Universty, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yanbin He
- Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lan
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical Universty, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical Universty, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical Universty, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Román-Gil MS, Pozas J, Rosero-Rodríguez D, Chamorro-Pérez J, Ruiz-Granados Á, Caracuel IR, Grande E, Molina-Cerrillo J, Alonso-Gordoa T. Resistance to RET targeted therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Molecular basis and overcoming strategies. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 105:102372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Wang S, Wang X, Hua X, Jiang S, Xie Y, Liu H. Adjusted association between type 2 immunity and low risk thyroid nodules: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 34983483 PMCID: PMC8725489 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune responses, especially type 2 immunity, might be related to the prevalence of thyroid nodules, while the key regulators and potential pathways are remaining largely unknown. In addition, the immune status of individuals could be affected by mixed metabolic background. Herein our aim was to investigate the adjusted association between ultrasound-diagnosed low risk thyroid nodules and immune responses, excluding the interference of metabolic effects on immunity. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 1764 subjects who underwent a thorough thyroid ultrasound examination. To eliminate the interference of confounders, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to match age, gender, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, parameters that are related with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Then the potential effectors of immune responses involved in the laboratorial assays were evaluated. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent predictors of thyroid nodules in a multivariate manner. RESULTS The 1172 subjects were remained after PSM, and differences of demographic background between subjects with and without thyroid nodules were eliminated. Metabolic parameters comprising blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and serum uric acid were shown no significant difference between post-PSM subjects with and without thyroid nodules. Among the biochemistry and hematological parameters, white blood cell count and the positive rate of eosinophil percentage were increased in subjects with thyroid nodules than in those without thyroid nodules. In contrast, the positive rate of basophil percentage was lower in subjects with thyroid nodules than in those without thyroid nodules. In addition, the thyroid function test results showed that subjects with thyroid nodules had higher positive rates of antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) than subjects without thyroid nodules. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the positive value of TgAb as well as high level of white blood cell count and BMI could serve as independent risk factors of thyroid nodules. CONCLUSIONS The type 2 immune responses mediated by increased level of eosinophils, along with positive value of TgAb and TPOAb were associated with the presence of thyroid nodules. In addition, the potential role of basophils in protecting against thyroid nodules and the pathogenesis of immune-metabolic status remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanxing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shichao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Hongying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Yi J, Tian M, Hu L, Kang N, Ma W, Zhi J, Zheng X, Ruan X, Gao M. The mechanisms of celastrol in treating papillary thyroid carcinoma based on network pharmacology and experiment verification. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:866. [PMID: 34164500 PMCID: PMC8184492 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Celastrol, a triterpene present in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Triptergium wilfordii, has been demonstrated to have remarkable anticancer activity. However, its specific mechanism on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains to be elucidated. Methods Potential targets of celastrol were screened from public databases. Through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) online database, we obtained the bioinformatics analysis profile of PTC, GSE33630, and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by utilizing the STRING database. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were conducted. Finally, drug interactions between hub genes and celastrol were verified by molecular docking. Results Four core nodes (MMP9, JUN, ICAM1, and VCAM1) were discerned via constructing a PPI network of 47 common targets. Through functional enrichment analysis, it was confirmed that the above target genes were basically enriched in the interleukin-17 (IL-17), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways, which are involved in the inflammatory microenvironment to inhibit the development and progression of tumors. Molecular docking results demonstrated that celastrol has a strong binding efficiency with the 4 key proteins. Conclusions In this research, it was demonstrated that celastrol can regulate a variety of proteins and signaling pathways against PTC, providing a theoretical basis for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyu Yi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengran Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Linfei Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Weike Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtai Zhi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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6
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Crezee T, Petrulea M, Piciu D, Jaeger M, Smit JWA, Plantinga TS, Georgescu CE, Netea-Maier R. Akt1 genetic variants confer increased susceptibility to thyroid cancer. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:1065-1074. [PMID: 33112820 PMCID: PMC7774771 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway plays a central role in the development of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC). Although somatic mutations have been identified in these genes in NMTC patients, the role of germline variants has not been investigated. Here, we selected frequently occurring genetic variants in AKT1, AKT2, AKT3, PIK3CA and MTOR and have assessed their effect on NMTC susceptibility, progression and clinical outcome in a Dutch discovery cohort (154 patients, 188 controls) and a Romanian validation cohort (159 patients, 260 controls). Significant associations with NMTC susceptibility were observed for AKT1 polymorphisms rs3803304, rs2494732 and rs2498804 in the Dutch discovery cohort, of which the AKT1 rs3803304 association was confirmed in the Romanian validation cohort. No associations were observed between PI3K-Akt-mTOR polymorphisms and clinical parameters including histology, TNM staging, treatment response and clinical outcome. Functionally, cells bearing the associated AKT1 rs3803304 risk allele exhibit increased levels of phosphorylated Akt protein, potentially leading to elevated signaling activity of the oncogenic Akt pathway. All together, germline encoded polymorphisms in the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway could represent important risk factors in development of NMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crezee
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirela Petrulea
- Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Piciu
- Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jan W A Smit
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo S Plantinga
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen E Georgescu
- Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Endocrinology Clinic, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Netea-Maier
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence should be addressed to R Netea-Maier:
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Szpak-Ulczok S, Pfeifer A, Rusinek D, Oczko-Wojciechowska M, Kowalska M, Tyszkiewicz T, Cieslicka M, Handkiewicz-Junak D, Fujarewicz K, Lange D, Chmielik E, Zembala-Nozynska E, Student S, Kotecka-Blicharz A, Kluczewska-Galka A, Jarzab B, Czarniecka A, Jarzab M, Krajewska J. Differences in Gene Expression Profile of Primary Tumors in Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma-Do They Exist? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4629. [PMID: 32610693 PMCID: PMC7369779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of distant metastases (M1) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are poorly understood. We attempted to analyze the gene expression profile in PTC primary tumors to seek the genes associated with M1 status and characterize their molecular function. One hundred and twenty-three patients, including 36 M1 cases, were subjected to transcriptome oligonucleotide microarray analyses: (set A-U133, set B-HG 1.0 ST) at transcript and gene group level (limma, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)). An additional independent set of 63 PTCs, including 9 M1 cases, was used to validate results by qPCR. The analysis on dataset A detected eleven transcripts showing significant differences in expression between metastatic and non-metastatic PTC. These genes were validated on microarray dataset B. The differential expression was positively confirmed for only two genes: IGFBP3, (most significant) and ECM1. However, when analyzed on an independent dataset by qPCR, the IGFBP3 gene showed no differences in expression. Gene group analysis showed differences mainly among immune-related transcripts, indicating the potential influence of tumor immune infiltration or signal within the primary tumor. The differences in gene expression profile between metastatic and non-metastatic PTC, if they exist, are subtle and potentially detectable only in large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szpak-Ulczok
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.K.-B.); (A.K.-G.); (B.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Pfeifer
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (D.R.); (M.O.-W.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Dagmara Rusinek
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (D.R.); (M.O.-W.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (D.R.); (M.O.-W.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Malgorzata Kowalska
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (D.R.); (M.O.-W.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Tomasz Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (D.R.); (M.O.-W.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Marta Cieslicka
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (D.R.); (M.O.-W.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Daria Handkiewicz-Junak
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.K.-B.); (A.K.-G.); (B.J.)
| | - Krzysztof Fujarewicz
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Tumor Pathology Department; Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (D.L.); (E.C.); (E.Z.-N.)
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumor Pathology Department; Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (D.L.); (E.C.); (E.Z.-N.)
| | - Ewa Zembala-Nozynska
- Tumor Pathology Department; Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (D.L.); (E.C.); (E.Z.-N.)
| | - Sebastian Student
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Kotecka-Blicharz
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.K.-B.); (A.K.-G.); (B.J.)
| | - Aneta Kluczewska-Galka
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.K.-B.); (A.K.-G.); (B.J.)
| | - Barbara Jarzab
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.K.-B.); (A.K.-G.); (B.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Czarniecka
- The Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic; Maria Sklodowska, Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Michal Jarzab
- Breast Unit; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Krajewska
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.K.-B.); (A.K.-G.); (B.J.)
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8
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Al-Abdallah A, Jahanbani I, Mehdawi H, Ali RH, Al-Brahim N, Mojiminiyi O, Junaid TA. Down-regulation of the human major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA) and its receptor is mediated by microRNA-146b-5p and is a potential mechanism of immunoediting in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 113:104379. [PMID: 31935378 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune escape is one of the main reasons for the rapid progression of cancer and the poor efficacy of immunotherapy. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is usually accompanied by intra-tumoral lymphocytic infiltration. The mechanisms regulating this tumor associated immune response or its evasion are not well understood. The major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related proteins A (MICA) and its receptor the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) are major executers of the anti-tumor defense. This work aimed to study the expression and regulation of MICA-NKG2D and its association with the lymphocytic infiltration and miRNAs in PTC. Expression of MICA and NKG2D in thyroid tissues, and in cultured primary thyroid cancer cells and lymphocytes transfected with miR-146b-5p inhibitor/mimic was tested by RT-PCR. Results were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. MICA is expressed in malignant and benign thyroid tissues with no association with aggressive behavior. Expression of MICA and NKG2D in PTC is concomitant with the presence of tumor associated lymphocytic response and is regulated by miR-146b-5p. MiR-146b-5p indirectly downregulates NKG2D expression in cancer cells and in lymphocytes. Overexpression of miR-146b-5p in PTC down-regulates MICA expression possibly to reduce the immunogenicity of the tumor cells. Targeting of the MICA-NKG2D axis by miR-146b-5p might be one of the ways adopted by thyroid cancer cells to aid the tumor in evading the immune response. The importance of our findings resides in the potential therapeutic use of MICA, NKG2D and miRNA-146b-5p as targets or modulators to enable the immune response against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Abdallah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Iman Jahanbani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Heba Mehdawi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Rola H Ali
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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9
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Sulaieva O, Selezniov O, Shapochka D, Belemets N, Nechay O, Chereshneva Y, Tsomartova D, Ivanova M. Hashimoto's thyroiditis attenuates progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma: deciphering immunological links. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03077. [PMID: 31938743 PMCID: PMC6953714 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some studies have investigated the clinicopathologic relationships between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), there is still no clear understanding of differences in tumor immune microenvironment for PTC with coexisting HT and HT effect on PTC progression. The aim of this study was to clarify immune-mediated mechanisms of coexisting HT, which might influence PTC progression. 30 patients with histologically confirmed conventional-type PTC and 30 patients with PTC and coexisting HT were enrolled in the study. To analyze the role of immune-mediated links between PTC and HT, immunohistochemical investigation was conducted to count the number of different immune cells including T-cytotoxic cells (CD8), plasma cells (CD138), Treg cells (FOXP3), mast cells (MCT), and M2 macrophages (CD163). It was shown that despite the high number of immune cells in the intact thyroid tissues of PTC patients with coexisting HT there were no significant differences in M2 macrophages, mast cells and Treg counts inside PTC with or without HT. PTC with HT was associated with a higher number of CD8+ cells (P < 0.001) reflecting the ability of immune system to generate and recruit T-cytotoxic cells in tumor area, which can explain the protective effect of HT on PTC progression. Lymph node metastases development was associated with an increased number of mast cells, M2 macrophages and Treg along with a decreased plasma cells count regardless of coexisting HT. However, we did not find significant differences in T-cytotoxic cells quantity in node-positive and node-negative patients with or without HT, which encourages further investigation of immune escape mechanisms in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nataliia Belemets
- Ukrainian Research and Practical Centre for Endocrine Surgery, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Nechay
- Ukrainian Research and Practical Centre for Endocrine Surgery, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yelizaveta Chereshneva
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dibakhan Tsomartova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Ivanova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Gulubova MV, Ivanova KV. The Expression of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Multinucleated Giant Cells in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3944-3949. [PMID: 32165933 PMCID: PMC7061364 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammation that occurred in the tumor microenvironment was characterized by abundant macrophage infiltration, playing role in innate immunity. Multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) occur in a variety of inflammatory, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid disorders. They also have been recognized as a feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of PTC for the presence of macrophages, and estimate CD68+ TAMs density in tumor stroma, margin and the surrounding tissue. We assessed also MGCs. METHODS: Macrophages and MGCs densities were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters to assess the possible prognostic significance. We investigated 56 patients immunohistochemically and immunofluorescence with antibodies against CD68 and IL-17. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation was established between PTC patients in III stage, containing many MGCs, and PTC in I and II stage, with many MGCs. Eighty Percent of patients in III stage showed many MGCs in comparison with patients in I and II stage, where many MGCs were found only in 21,1% (χ2 = 6.189, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that the increased density of MGCs is associated with advanced stage of PTC, and therefore with tumor progression and that cases of PTC should be carefully screened for their presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Vladova Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Koni Vancho Ivanova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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11
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Castellone MD, Melillo RM. RET-mediated modulation of tumor microenvironment and immune response in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:T105-T119. [PMID: 28931560 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) arise from thyroid parafollicular, calcitonin-producing C-cells and can occur either as sporadic or as hereditary diseases in the context of familial syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (MEN2B) and familial MTC (FMTC). In a large fraction of sporadic cases, and virtually in all inherited cases of MTC, activating point mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are found. RET encodes for a receptor tyrosine kinase protein endowed with transforming potential on thyroid parafollicular cells. As in other cancer types, microenvironmental factors play a critical role in MTC. Tumor-associated extracellular matrix, stromal cells and immune cells interact and influence the behavior of cancer cells both in a tumor-promoting and in a tumor-suppressing manner. Several studies have shown that, besides the neoplastic transformation of thyroid C-cells, a profound modification of tumor microenvironment has been associated to the RET FMTC/MEN2-associated oncoproteins. They influence the surrounding stroma, activating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promoting cancer-associated inflammation and suppressing anti-cancer immune response. These mechanisms might be exploited to develop innovative anti-cancer therapies and novel prognostic tools in the context of familial, RET-associated MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Marina Melillo
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR 'G. Salvatore'Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversity of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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12
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Urra S, Fischer MC, Martínez JR, Véliz L, Orellana P, Solar A, Bohmwald K, Kalergis A, Riedel C, Corvalán AH, Roa JC, Fuentealba R, Cáceres CJ, López-Lastra M, León A, Droppelmann N, González HE. Differential expression profile of CXCR3 splicing variants is associated with thyroid neoplasia. Potential role in papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogenesis? Oncotarget 2017; 9:2445-2467. [PMID: 29416784 PMCID: PMC5788652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent endocrine neoplasia. The increased incidence of PTC in patients with thyroiditis and the frequent immune infiltrate found in PTC suggest that inflammation might be a risk factor for PTC development. The CXCR3-ligand system is involved in thyroid inflammation and CXCR3 has been found upregulated in many tumors, suggesting its pro-tumorigenic role under the inflammatory microenvironment. CXCR3 ligands (CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) trigger antagonistic responses partly due to the presence of two splice variants, CXCR3A and CXCR3B. Whereas CXCR3A promotes cell proliferation, CXCR3B induces apoptosis. However, the relation between CXCR3 variant expression with chronic inflammation and PTC development remains unknown. Here, we characterized the expression pattern of CXCR3 variants and their ligands in benign tumors and PTC. We found that CXCR3A and CXCL10 mRNA levels were increased in non-metastatic PTC when compared to non-neoplastic tissue. This increment was also observed in a PTC epithelial cell line (TPC-1). Although elevated protein levels of both isoforms were detected in benign and malignant tumors, the CXCR3A expression remained greater than CXCR3B and promoted proliferation in Nthy-ori-3-1 cells. In non-metastatic PTC, inflammation was conditioning for the CXCR3 ligands increased availability. Consistently, CXCL10 was strongly induced by interferon gamma in normal and tumor thyrocytes. Our results suggest that persistent inflammation upregulates CXCL10 expression favoring tumor development via enhanced CXCR3A-CXCL10 signaling. These findings may help to further understand the contribution of inflammation as a risk factor in PTC development and set the basis for potential therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Urra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin C Fischer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José R Martínez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Véliz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Orellana
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonieta Solar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Riedel
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fuentealba
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Joaquin Cáceres
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Augusto León
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Droppelmann
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán E González
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Ghoshal A, Garmo H, Arthur R, Carroll P, Holmberg L, Hammar N, Jungner I, Malmström H, Lambe M, Walldius G, Van Hemelrijck M. Thyroid cancer risk in the Swedish AMORIS study: the role of inflammatory biomarkers in serum. Oncotarget 2017; 9:774-782. [PMID: 29416653 PMCID: PMC5787509 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the underlying risks associated with thyroid cancer. We ascertained the association between commonly measured serum biomarkers of inflammation and the risk of thyroid cancer in Swedish Apolipoprotein-related MORtality RISk (AMORIS) study. 226,212 subjects had baseline measurements of C-reactive protein, albumin and haptoglobin. Leukocytes were measured in a subgroup of 63,845 subjects. Associations between quartiles and dichotomized values of inflammatory markers and risk of thyroid cancer were analysed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. 202 individuals were diagnosed with thyroid cancer during a mean follow-up of 19.6 years. There was a positive association between lower albumin levels and risk of developing thyroid cancer [Hazard Ratio for albumin ≤ 40 g/L: 1.50 (95% Confidence Interval = 1.04-2.16)]. When stratified by a metabolic score, we observed similar association for albumin with higher HR among those with metabolic score ≥ 1, as compared to those with metabolic score of 0 [HR 1.98 (95% CI = 1.11-3.54) vs 1.17 (95% CI = 0.72-1.89)] (P = 0.19). Apart from albumin, none of the serum markers of inflammation studied showed a link with the risk of developing thyroid cancer-suggesting that the role of inflammation may be more complicated and requires assessment of more specialised measurements of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunangshu Ghoshal
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, London, UK.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Hans Garmo
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, London, UK.,Regional Cancer Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rhonda Arthur
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Carroll
- Endocrinology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lars Holmberg
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, London, UK
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Jungner
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Karolinska Institutet and CALAB Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Malmström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biostatistics, Research & Development, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lambe
- Regional Cancer Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Walldius
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, London, UK.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Manatakis DK, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Balalis D, Soulou VN, Korkolis DP, Sakorafas GH, Plataniotis G, Gontikakis E. Association of Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinicopathological Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:8471235. [PMID: 28572821 PMCID: PMC5441114 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8471235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a surrogate systemic inflammatory biomarker, with clinical and pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancers. METHODS 205 patients with papillary carcinoma were identified from the institutional thyroid cancer database between 2006 and 2015 (55 males, 150 females, mean age 51.2 ± 14.7 years). NLR was calculated as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count, based on the preoperative complete blood cell counts. RESULTS NLR was significantly higher in carcinomas with extrathyroidal invasion (2.74 ± 01.24 versus 2.39 ± 0.96, p = 0.04) and bilateral (2.67 ± 1.15 versus 2.35 ± 0.96, p = 0.03) and multifocal tumours (2.65 ± 1.08 versus 2.29 ± 0.96, p = 0.01), as well as lymph node-positive tumours (3.12 ± 1.07 versus 2.41 ± 1.02, p = 0.03). On the other hand, NLR values were not associated with gender, age, tumour size, histologic subtype, the presence of thyroiditis, and TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS As an index of inflammation, NLR is inexpensive, readily available, and easy to extract from routine blood tests. We found increased NLR values in papillary carcinomas with poorer histopathological profile and more aggressive clinical behaviour. Whether this systemic inflammatory response, as expressed by the NLR, represents the inflammatory microenvironment leading to tumourigenesis, or is a tumour-associated phenomenon, remains to be elucidated and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios K. Manatakis
- First Department of Surgical Oncology, St. Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Dimitrios K. Manatakis:
| | - Sofia Tseleni-Balafouta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Balalis
- First Department of Surgical Oncology, St. Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki N. Soulou
- First Department of Surgical Oncology, St. Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George H. Sakorafas
- First Department of Surgical Oncology, St. Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Plataniotis
- First Department of Surgical Oncology, St. Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Gontikakis
- First Department of Surgical Oncology, St. Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
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15
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Smith J, Robida MD, Acosta K, Vennapusa B, Mistry A, Martin G, Yates A, Hnatyszyn HJ. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of Two PD-L1 clones: SP263 and E1L3N. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:44. [PMID: 27189072 PMCID: PMC4870735 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune modulating protein expressed on the surface of various inflammatory cells, including T Cells, B Cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. PD-L1 represents an important diagnostic target; expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells, or within tumor-associated immune cells, is an important predictor of likely response to targeted therapies. In this study, we describe the optimization of immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays using two PD-L1 antibodies (SP263 and E1L3N) and compare the performance of the optimized assays. METHODS Fully automated immunohistochemical assays were optimized for the VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody and the PD-L1 (E1L3N®) XP® Rabbit mAb using instruments and detection chemistries from Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. ("SP263 assay" and "E1L3N assay," respectively). Tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases were used for the optimization and comparison staining. H scores were used for membrane scoring whereas percent positivity was used for tumor-associated immune cell scoring. RESULTS One-hundred NSCLC TMA case cores each stained with the SP263 and E1L3N assays were evaluated by two pathologists in a blinded study. Analysis of these specimens showed that the SP263 assay was more sensitive and had a wider dynamic range than the E1L3N assay. For sensitivity, many cases were found to be negative for membrane staining with the E1L3N assay, but had measurable staining with the SP263 assay. Dynamic range was demonstrated by the SP263 assay having well-distributed H scores while the E1L3N assay had a significantly higher proportion of cases clustered in the lowest H score bins. For tumor-associated immune cell staining, the two assays identified similar amounts of cells staining in each case, but the SP263 assay gave overall darker staining. CONCLUSION Since PD-L1 status is important for targeted therapies, having a specific and accurate diagnostic test is crucial for identifying patients who could benefit from these treatments. Due to its staining intensity, scoring range, and pathologist preference, the SP263 IHC assay has been deemed superior to the E1L3N IHC assay. Future clinical utility remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Smith
- Companion Diagnostics Pharma Services, Assay Development, Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Mark D Robida
- Companion Diagnostics Pharma Services, Assay Development, Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Krista Acosta
- Companion Diagnostics Pharma Services, Assay Development, Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Bharathi Vennapusa
- Companion Diagnostics Pharma Services, Pathology Office, Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Amita Mistry
- Companion Diagnostics Pharma Services, Pathology Office, Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Greg Martin
- Companion Diagnostics, Project Management Office, Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Alton Yates
- Companion Diagnostics, Pharma Services, Clinical Services Management, Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - H James Hnatyszyn
- Companion Diagnostics Pharma Services, CDx CAP/CLIA Lab Operations, Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA.
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16
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Komrokji RS, Kulasekararaj A, Al Ali NH, Kordasti S, Bart-Smith E, Craig BM, Padron E, Zhang L, Lancet JE, Pinilla-Ibarz J, List AF, Mufti GJ, Epling-Burnette PK. Autoimmune diseases and myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:E280-3. [PMID: 26875020 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation and altered T-cell hemostasis play important roles in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Recent studies suggest an increased risk of MDS among patients with autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated the prevalence of autoimmune diseases among MDS patients, comparing characteristics and outcomes in those with and without autoimmune diseases. From our study group of 1408 MDS patients, 391 (28%) had autoimmune disease, with hypothyroidism being the most common type, accounting for 44% (n = 171) of patients (12% among all MDS patients analyzed). Other autoimmune diseases with ≥5% prevalence included idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 12% (n = 46), rheumatoid arthritis in 10% (n = 41), and psoriasis in 7% (n = 28) of patients. Autoimmune diseases were more common in female MDS patients, those with RA or RCMD WHO subtype, and those who were less dependent on red blood cell transfusion. Median overall survival (OS) was 60 months (95% CI, 50-70) for patients with autoimmune diseases versus 45 months (95% CI, 40-49) for those without (log-rank test, P = 0.006). By multivariate analysis adjusting for revised IPSS and age >60 years, autoimmune diseases were a statistically significant independent factor for OS (HR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.92; P = 0.004). The rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation was 23% (n = 89) in MDS patients with autoimmune disease versus 30% (n = 301) in those without (P = 0.011). Patient groups did not differ in response to azacitidine or lenalidomide treatment. Autoimmune diseases are prevalent among MDS patients. MDS patients with autoimmune diseases have better OS and less AML transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S. Komrokji
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Austin Kulasekararaj
- Department of Haematological Medicine; King's College Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - Najla H. Al Ali
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Shahram Kordasti
- Department of Haematological Medicine; King's College Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - Emily Bart-Smith
- Department of Haematological Medicine; King's College Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M. Craig
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Jeffrey E. Lancet
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Alan F. List
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Ghulam J. Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine; King's College Hospital; London United Kingdom
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17
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Hima S, Sreeja S. Modulatory role of 17β-estradiol in the tumor microenvironment of thyroid cancer. IUBMB Life 2015; 68:85-96. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sithul Hima
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thycaud Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Sreeharshan Sreeja
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thycaud Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
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18
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Integrated Analysis of Thyroid Cancer Public Datasets Reveals Role of Post-Transcriptional Regulation on Tumor Progression by Targeting of Immune System Mediators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141726. [PMID: 26536459 PMCID: PMC4633176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a well-differentiated thyroid tumor that accounts for approximately 80% of thyroid cancer cases. On other hand, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a less frequent, but aggressive subtype, with poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, have emerged as potent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, which modulate the expression of cancer-related genes. Computational analyses estimate that a single miRNA may modulate hundreds of mRNA targets and, at the same time, cooperate with others to regulate one single mRNA transcript. Due to the large number of predicted targets and possible interactions, only a small number of miRNAs have characterized biological roles, and the panorama of miRNA-mediated regulation in thyroid cancer remains to be understood. Taking into consideration the large amount of gene expression data deposited in public databases we aligned miRNA target prediction and gene expression data from public PTC and ATC datasets to construct a network of post-transcriptional regulation in thyroid cancer. After a gene set enrichment analysis we identified signaling pathways and biological processes potentially modulated by the miRNAs deregulated in PTC and ATC. Our results show miRNA-mRNA interaction that could contribute with the de-regulation of key tumor-host mediators, such as extra-cellular matrix molecules, interleukins and interleukin receptors, which could drive a more aggressive behavior and tumor progression. Moreover, our analysis through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that aberrant expression of ECM and cytokines genes is frequent in PTC and is associated with aggressive behavior and decreased overall survival rate. In conclusion, we shed light on the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancers, revealing a potential role of miRNAs in modulation of tumor-host interaction molecules, particularly ECM molecules and immune system mediators, which could stimulate crosstalk between tumors and the immune system to generate a more aggressive behavior. We propose a novel putative miRNA:mRNA network that could lead to a new path toward functional studies.
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