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Zhao C, Xie Y, Zhou X, Zhang Q, Wang N. The effect of different tobacco tar levels on DNA damage in cigarette smoking subjects. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:302-307. [PMID: 32670561 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the genetic damage caused by different tar levels in the human body. Methods The subjects were divided into high, medium and low (12 mg, 8 mg, 5 mg) tar groups according to the tar levels. Nonsmoking populations served as a control group. 2 ml of peripheral blood was collected on the 10th day after morning fasting. Oxidative and genetic toxicological damage indicators were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in human lymphocyte and single cell gel electrophoresis. Results The distribution of hOGG1 concentration was significantly different within all groups, P < 0.01. The concentrations of cotinine, 8-OHdG and Rap-2b were significantly differences between control and medium tar group, control and high tar group, low and medium tar group and low and high tar group, respectively, P < 0.05. The level of PAH-DNA adducts was not significantly changed in the middle tar group and high tar group, P > 0.05. The level of CRP was significantly changed between control and high tar group, low and high tar group and medium and high tar group, respectively, P < 0.0001. The rate of comet tailing was significantly different between all groups. The rate of micronucleus cells was not significantly different between all groups. Conclusions The increase of tar content could increase the DNA damage to a certain extent, so the intake of tar content should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, High-tech Zone, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yuanchen Xie
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, High-tech Zone, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, High-tech Zone, Henan 450001, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, High-tech Zone, Henan 450001, China
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Nowlin S, Cleland CM, Parekh N, Hagan H, Melkus G. Racial and ethnic disparities in predictors of glycemia: a moderated mediation analysis of inflammation-related predictors of diabetes in the NHANES 2007-2010. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:56. [PMID: 30348948 PMCID: PMC6197256 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Racial/ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) outcomes exist, and could be explained by nutrition- and inflammation-related differences. The objective of this study is to identify associations between race/ethnicity and glucose control among participants from NHANES 2007-2010, as influenced by diet quality, body mass, and inflammation and grouped by T2D status. SUBJECTS/METHODS The following is a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of two NHANES data cycles spanning 2007-2010. The association between race/ethnicity and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as mediated by dietary intake score, body mass index (BMI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed, as was the strength of the difference of that association, or moderation, by T2D status. The sample included n = 7850 non-pregnant adult participants ≥ 20 years of age who had two days of reliable dietary recall data, and no missing data on key variables included in the analysis. The primary outcome examined was HbA1c. RESULTS The model accurately explained the variation in HbA1c measures in participants without T2D, as mediated by diet quality, BMI, and CRP. However, significant variation in HbA1c remained after accounting for aforementioned mediators when contrasting non-Hispanic White to non-Hispanic Black participants without T2D. The model was not a good fit for explaining racial/ethnic disparities in HbA1c in participants with T2D. A test of the index of moderated mediation for this model was not significant for the differences in the effect of race/ethnicity on HbA1c by T2D status (moderator). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that diet quality, BMI, and CRP mediated the effect of race/ethnicity on HbA1c in persons without T2D, but not in persons with T2D. Further research should include additional inflammatory markers, and other inflammation- and T2D-related health outcomes, and their association with racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nowlin
- Postdoctoral Fellow, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Charles M Cleland
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, 7th Floor Room 737, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- New York University Global Public Health 715-719 Broadway Room 1220, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Holly Hagan
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, 7th Floor Room 752, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Gail Melkus
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, 7th Floor Room 744, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the role of sclerostin and dkk1 in the bone metabolism of type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 95 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We divided the patients into three groups (i.e., the normal bone mineral density (BMD) group, osteopenia group and osteoporosis group) based on their different BMD levels and measured the serum levels of sclerostin, dkk1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), bone turnover markers and other biochemical data in each group. RESULTS Significantly increased levels of serum sclerostin and dkk1 were found in the osteoporosis group, even when the male and female cohorts were considered separately. Ordinal logistic regression analysis suggested that the levels of serum sclerostin were independently associated with the presence of osteopenia and osteoporosis after adjusting for age, gender and 25OHD3 (sclerostin: OR = 1.02, p = 0.001). The areal BMDs were negatively correlated with the levels of serum sclerostin and dkk1 and positively correlated with 25OHD3. In addition, age, glycosylated hemoglobin and serum sclerostin levels were predictors for N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen and serum dkk1 levels were the only predictors for crosslinked carboxyterminal telopeptide in type 1 collagen. CONCLUSIONS The sclerostin and dkk1 levels increased in conjunction with the reduction of BMD, confirming that the Wnts, inhibited by sclerostin and dkk1, were potentially responsible for bone fragility in type 2 diabetes patients with osteoporosis. Note that the serum sclerostin levels were predictors for bone formation, while the DKK1 levels predicted bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
- b Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Peng Xue
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
- b Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Xuelun Wu
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
- b Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Jianxia Ma
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
- b Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Yan Wang
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
- b Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Yukun Li
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
- b Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
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Zhang Y, Zeng C, Wei J, Li H, Yang T, Yang Y, Deng ZH, Ding X, Lei G. Associations of cigarette smoking, betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in early radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010763. [PMID: 26969644 PMCID: PMC4800118 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is possibly related to osteoarthritis (OA) progression and a variety of OA-related symptoms. This study aimed to examine associations between cigarette smoking, betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption and hsCRP in early radiographic knee OA. DESIGN Cross-sectional health examination survey. SETTING This primary study was conducted in a health examination centre in China. PARTICIPANTS 936 (656 men and 280 women) patients with early radiographic knee OA were included in this cross-sectional study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Smoking status was classified into four levels based on daily smoking habit: 0/day, 1-10/day, 11-20/day and >20/day. Betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption status was divided into 'Yes' or 'No'. Early radiographic knee OA was defined as Kellgren Lawrence (K-L) grade 1 or 2 in at least one leg, and elevated hsCRP was assessed as ≥ 3.0 mg/L. RESULTS After adjustment for a number of potential confounding factors, a significant positive association between cigarette smoking and hsCRP was observed in the multivariable model. The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CI) of elevated hsCRP (≥ 3.0 mg/L) in the second (1-10/day, n=133), third (11-20/day, n=59) and highest (>20/day, n=104) cigarette smoking categories were 1.54 (95% CI 0.91 to 2.61), 1.27 (95% CI 0.57 to 2.79) and 2.09 (95% CI 1.20 to 3.64), respectively, compared with the non-smoker category (n=640). In addition, there was a positive dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and elevated hsCRP (p for trend=0.01). No significant associations between betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption and hsCRP were observed in the multivariable model. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that cigarette smoking was positively associated with serum hsCRP level in patients with early radiographic knee OA. However, in view of the nature of cross-sectional designs, the results need to be confirmed by further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen-han Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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