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Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Fazel P, Fallah A, Sedighian H, Kachuei R, Behzadi E, Imani Fooladi AA. Host and Pathogen-Directed Therapies against Microbial Infections Using Exosome- and Antimicrobial Peptide-derived Stem Cells with a Special look at Pulmonary Infections and Sepsis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2166-2191. [PMID: 37495772 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial diseases are a great threat to global health and cause considerable mortality and extensive economic losses each year. The medications for treating this group of diseases (antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs, etc.) directly attack the pathogenic agents by recognizing the target molecules. However, it is necessary to note that excessive use of any of these drugs can lead to an increase in microbial resistance and infectious diseases. New therapeutic methods have been studied recently using emerging drugs such as mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which act based on two completely different strategies against pathogens including Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) and Pathogen-Directed Therapy (PDT), respectively. In the PDT approach, AMPs interact directly with pathogens to interrupt their intrusion, survival, and proliferation. These drugs interact directly with the cell membrane or intracellular components of pathogens and cause the death of pathogens or inhibit their replication. The mechanism of action of MSC-Exos in HDT is based on immunomodulation and regulation, promotion of tissue regeneration, and reduced host toxicity. This review studies the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes/ATPs therapeutic properties against microbial infectious diseases especially pulmonary infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvindokht Fazel
- Department of Microbiology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Fallah
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jian D, Qin L, Gan H, Zheng S, Xiao H, Duan Y, Zhang M, Liang P, Zhao J, Zhai X. NPAS4 Exacerbates Pyroptosis via Transcriptionally Regulating NLRP6 in the Acute Phase of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098320. [PMID: 37176030 PMCID: PMC10179070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe cerebrovascular disease with a high disability rate and high mortality, and pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death in the acute phase of ICH. Neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4) is a specific transcription factor highly expressed in the nervous system, yet the role of NPAS4 in ICH-induced pyroptosis is not fully understood. NLR family Pyrin-domain-containing 6 (NLRP6), a new member of the Nod-like receptor family, aggravates pyroptosis via activating cysteine protease-1 (Caspase-1) and Caspase-11. In this study, we found that NPAS4 was upregulated in human and mouse peri-hematoma brain tissues and peaked at approximately 24 h after ICH modeling. Additionally, NPAS4 knockdown improved neurologic dysfunction and brain damage induced by ICH in mice after 24 h. Meanwhile, inhibiting NPAS4 expression reduced the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cells and Caspase-1/TUNEL-double-positive cells and decreased cleaved Caspase-1, cleaved Caspase-11, and N-terminal GSDMD levels. Consistently, NPAS4 overexpression reversed the above alternations after ICH in the mice. Moreover, NPAS4 could interact with the Nlrp6 promoter region (-400--391 bp and -33--24 bp) and activate the transcription of Nlrp6. Altogether, our study demonstrated that NPAS4, as a transcription factor, can exacerbate pyroptosis and transcriptionally activate NLRP6 in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shuyue Zheng
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yuhao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Lobognon VD, Alard JE. Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:887147. [PMID: 36211356 PMCID: PMC9532695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are common inflammatory conditions characterized by bone loss in response to simultaneous bacterial aggression and host defenses. The etiology of such diseases is still not completely understood, however. It has been shown that specific pathogens involved in the build-up of dysbiotic biofilms participate actively in the establishment of periodontitis. This multifactorial pathology also depends on environmental factors and host characteristics, especially defenses. The immune response to the pathogens seems to be critical in preventing the disease from starting but also contributes to tissue damage. It is known that small molecules known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key actors in the innate immune response. They not only target microbes, but also act as immuno-modulators. They can help to recruit or activate cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, or lymphocytes. AMPs have already been described in the periodontium, and their expression seems to be connected to disease activity. Alpha and beta defensins and LL37 are the AMPs most frequently linked to periodontitis. Additionally, leukocyte infiltrates, especially B-cells, have also been linked to the severity of periodontitis. Indeed, the particular subpopulations of B-cells in these infiltrates have been linked to inflammation and bone resorption. A link between B-cells and AMP could be relevant to understanding B-cells' action. Some AMP receptors, such as chemokines receptors, toll-like receptors, or purinergic receptors, have been shown to be expressed by B-cells. Consequently, the action of AMPs on B-cell subpopulations could participate to B-cell recruitment, their differentiation, and their implication in both periodontal defense and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dominique Lobognon
- B lymphocytes, Autoimmunity and Immunotherapies (LBAI), Mixed Research Unit (UMR)1227 INSERM, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Eric Alard
- B lymphocytes, Autoimmunity and Immunotherapies (LBAI), Mixed Research Unit (UMR)1227 INSERM, University of Brest, Brest, France,Service d’Odontologie, University Hospital (CHU) de Brest, Brest, France,*Correspondence: Jean-Eric Alard,
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Nesvaderani M, Dhillon BK, Chew T, Tang B, Baghela A, Hancock RE, Eslick GD, Cox M. Gene Expression Profiling: Identification of Novel Pathways and Potential Biomarkers in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:803-815. [PMID: 35426393 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the risk of developing severe acute pancreatitis (AP) on presentation to hospital is difficult but vital to enable early management decisions that reduce morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine global gene expression profiles of patients with different acute pancreatitis severity to identify genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of severe AP. STUDY DESIGN AP patients (n = 87) were recruited within 24 hours of admission to the Emergency Department and were confirmed to exhibit at least 2 of the following features: (1) abdominal pain characteristic of AP, (2) serum amylase and/or lipase more than 3-fold the upper laboratory limit considered normal, and/or (3) radiographically demonstrated AP on CT scan. Severity was defined according to the Revised Atlanta classification. Thirty-two healthy volunteers were also recruited and peripheral venous blood was collected for performing RNA-Seq. RESULTS In severe AP, 422 genes (185 upregulated, 237 downregulated) were significantly differentially expressed when compared with moderately severe and mild cases. Pathway analysis revealed changes in specific innate and adaptive immune, sepsis-related, and surface modification pathways in severe AP. Data-driven approaches revealed distinct gene expression groups (endotypes), which were not entirely overlapping with the clinical Atlanta classification. Importantly, severe and moderately severe AP patients clustered away from healthy controls, whereas mild AP patients did not exhibit any clear separation, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms that may influence severity of AP. CONCLUSION There were significant differences in gene expression affecting the severity of AP, revealing a central role of specific immunological pathways. Despite the existence of patient endotypes, a 4-gene transcriptomic signature (S100A8, S100A9, MMP25, and MT-ND4L) was determined that can predict severe AP with an accuracy of 64%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nesvaderani
- From the Department of Surgery, The Centre for Evidence Based Surgery (Nesvaderani, Eslick, Cox), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bhavjinder K Dhillon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dhillon, Baghela, Hancock)
| | - Tracy Chew
- Intensive Care Medicine (Chew, Tang), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Informatics Hub, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Chew)
| | - Benjamin Tang
- Intensive Care Medicine (Chew, Tang), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arjun Baghela
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dhillon, Baghela, Hancock)
| | - Robert Ew Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dhillon, Baghela, Hancock)
| | - Guy D Eslick
- From the Department of Surgery, The Centre for Evidence Based Surgery (Nesvaderani, Eslick, Cox), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Cox
- From the Department of Surgery, The Centre for Evidence Based Surgery (Nesvaderani, Eslick, Cox), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Kiang JG, Cannon G, Olson MG, Smith JT, Anderson MN, Zhai M, Umali MV, Ho K, Ho C, Cui W, Xiao M. Female Mice are More Resistant to the Mixed-Field (67% Neutron + 33% Gamma) Radiation-Induced Injury in Bone Marrow and Small Intestine than Male Mice due to Sustained Increases in G-CSF and the Bcl-2/Bax Ratio and Lower miR-34a and MAPK Activation. Radiat Res 2022; 198:120-133. [PMID: 35452510 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00201.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In nuclear and radiological incidents, overexposure to ionizing radiation is life-threatening. It is evident that radiation depletes blood cells and increases circulating cytokine/chemokine concentrations as well as mortality. While microglia cells of female mice have been observed to be less damaged by radiation than in male mice, it is unclear whether sex affects physio-pathological responses in the bone marrow (BM) and gastrointestinal system (GI). We exposed B6D2F1 male and female mice to 0, 1.5, 3, or 6 Gy with mixed-field radiation containing 67% neutron and 33% gamma at a dose rate of 0.6 Gy/min. Blood and tissues were collected on days 1, 4, and 7 postirradiation. Radiation increased cytokines/chemokines in the femurs and ilea of female and male mice in a dose-dependent manner. Cytokines and chemokines reached a peak on day 4 and declined on day 7 with the exception of G-CSF which continued to increase on day 7 in female mice but not in male mice. MiR-34a (a Bcl-2 inhibitor), G-CSF (a miR-34a inhibitor), MAPK activation (pro-cell death), and citrulline (a biomarker of entro-epithelial proliferation), active caspase-3 (a biomarker of apoptosis) and caspase-1activated gasdermin D (a pyroptosis biomarker) were measured in the sternum, femur BM and ileum. Sternum histopathology analysis with H&E staining and femur BM cell counts as well as Flt-3L showed that BM cellularity was not as diminished in females, with males showing a 50% greater decline on day 7 postirradiation, mainly mediated by pyroptosis as indicated by increased gasdermin D in femur BM samples. Ileum injury, such as villus height and crypt depth, was also 43% and 30%, respectively, less damaged in females than in males. The severity of injury in both sexes was consistent with the citrulline and active caspase-3 measurements as well as active caspase-1 and gasdermin D measurements, suggesting apoptosis and pyroptosis occurred. On day 7, G-CSF in the ileum of female mice continued to be elevated by sevenfold, whereas G-CSF in the ileum of male mice returned to baseline. Furthermore, G-CSF is known to inhibit miR-34a expression, which in ileum on day 1 displayed a 3- to 4-fold increase in female mice after mixed-field (67% neutron + 33% gamma) irradiation, as compared to a 5- to 9-fold increase in male mice. Moreover, miR-34a blocked Bcl-2 expression. Mixed-field (60% neutron + 33% gamma) radiation induced more Bcl-2 in females than in males. On day 7, AKT activation was found in the ileums of females and males. However, MAPK activation including ERK, JNK, and p38 showed no changes in the ileum of females (by 0-fold; P > 0.05), whereas the MAPK activation was increased in the ileum of males (by 100-fold; P < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that organ injury from mixed-field (67% neutron + 33% gamma) radiation is less severe in females than in males, likely due to increased G-CSF, less MAPK activation, low miR-34a and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann G Kiang
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Georgetta Cannon
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew G Olson
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan T Smith
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Min Zhai
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M Victoria Umali
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Ho
- Department of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Connie Ho
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wanchang Cui
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mang Xiao
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Morales-Primo AU, Becker I, Zamora-Chimal J. Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated molecules: a review on their immunophysiological and inflammatory roles. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:253-274. [PMID: 34036897 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a defense mechanism against pathogens. They are composed of DNA and various proteins and have the ability to hinder microbial spreading and survival. However, NETs are not only related to infections but also participate in sterile inflammatory events. In addition to DNA, NETs contain histones, serine proteases, cytoskeletal proteins and antimicrobial peptides, all of which have immunomodulatory properties that can augment or decrease the inflammatory response. Extracellular localization of these molecules alerts the immune system of cellular damage, which is triggered by recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through specific pattern recognition receptors. However, not all of these molecules are DAMPs and may have other immunophysiological properties in the extracellular space. The release of NETs can lead to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (due to TLR2/4/9 and inflammasome activation), the destruction of the extracellular matrix, activation of serine proteases and of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), modulation of cellular proliferation, induction of cellular migration and adhesion, promotion of thrombogenesis and angiogenesis and disruption of epithelial and endothelial permeability. Understanding the dynamics of NET-associated molecules, either individually or synergically, will help to unravel their role in inflammatory events and open novel perspectives for potential therapeutic targets. We here review molecules contained within NETS and their immunophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham U Morales-Primo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Prasad SV, Fiedoruk K, Daniluk T, Piktel E, Bucki R. Expression and Function of Host Defense Peptides at Inflammation Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010104. [PMID: 31877866 PMCID: PMC6982121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the complex role of host defense peptides (HDPs) in the pathophysiology of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The physicochemical properties and selective interaction of HDPs with various receptors define their immunomodulatory effects. However, it is quite challenging to understand their function because some HDPs play opposing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles, depending on their expression level within the site of inflammation. While it is known that HDPs maintain constitutive host protection against invading microorganisms, the inducible nature of HDPs in various cells and tissues is an important aspect of the molecular events of inflammation. This review outlines the biological functions and emerging roles of HDPs in different inflammatory conditions. We further discuss the current data on the clinical relevance of impaired HDPs expression in inflammation and selected diseases.
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Kany S, Janicova A, Relja B. Innate Immunity and Alcohol. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111981. [PMID: 31739600 PMCID: PMC6912266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immunity has evolved during millions of years, and thus, equivalent or comparable components are found in most vertebrates, invertebrates, and even plants. It constitutes the first line of defense against molecules, which are either pathogen-derived or a danger signal themselves, and not seldom both. These molecular patterns are comprised of highly conserved structures, a common trait in innate immunity, and constitute very potent triggers for inflammation mediated via extracellular or intracellular pattern recognition receptors. Human culture is often interweaved with the consumption of alcohol, in both drinking habits, its acute or chronical misuse. Apart from behavioral effects as often observed in intoxicated individuals, alcohol consumption also leads to immunological modulation on the humoral and cellular levels. In the last 20 years, major advances in this field of research have been made in clinical studies, as well as in vitro and in vivo research. As every physician will experience intoxicated patients, it is important to be aware of the changes that this cohort undergoes. This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge on the influence of alcohol consumption on certain factors of innate immunity after a hit, followed by the current studies that display the effect of alcohol with a description of the model, the mode of alcohol administration, as well as its dose. This will provide a way for the reader to evaluate the findings presented.
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Ma KC, Schenck EJ, Pabon MA, Choi AMK. The Role of Danger Signals in the Pathogenesis and Perpetuation of Critical Illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:300-309. [PMID: 28977759 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2460pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Ma
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Edward J Schenck
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Maria A Pabon
- 3 Division of General Internal Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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10
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From traditional biochemical signals to molecular markers for detection of sepsis after burn injuries. Burns 2019; 45:16-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Li B, Chen F, Liu Y, Xu G. Synovial Fluid α-Defensin as a Biomarker for Peri-Prosthetic Joint Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2017; 18:702-710. [PMID: 28686144 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2017.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has been one of the most beneficial interventions for treating patients suffering from joint disorders. However, peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication that often accompanies TJA and the diagnosis of PJI is remains difficult. Questions remain regarding whether certain biomarkers can be valuable in the diagnosis of PJI. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted our systematic review by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct with the key words "periprosthetic joint infection," "synovial fluid," and "α-defensin." Studies that provided sufficient data to construct 2 × 2 contingency tables were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed according to the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated for the included studies. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUSROC) were used to evaluate the overall diagnostic performance. RESULTS Eight studies were included in this systematic review. Among them four articles were included in meta-analysis. A total of 421 participants were studied in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-1.00), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99), and 1095.49 (95% CI: 283.68.58-4230.45), respectively. The AUSROC was 0.9949 (standard error [SE] 0.0095). CONCLUSION Synovial fluid α-defensin is a biomarker of high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics II, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District , Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics II, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District , Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics II, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District , Zhejiang, China
| | - Guokang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics II, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District , Zhejiang, China
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ŞABABOĞLU E, TÜRÜTOĞLU H. HAYVANLARDA DEFENSİNLER VE ÖZELLİKLERİ. MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2016. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.260788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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13
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Antimicrobial Peptide CMA3 Derived from the CA-MA Hybrid Peptide: Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities with Low Cytotoxicity and Mechanism of Action in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:495-506. [PMID: 26552969 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01998-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CA-MA is a hybrid antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from two naturally occurring AMPs, cecropin A and magainin 2. CA-MA shows strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria but also exhibits cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Our objective was to identify CA-MA analogues with reduced cytotoxicity by systematic replacement of amino acids with positively charged R groups (His and Lys), aliphatic R groups (Leu), or polar R groups (Glu). Among the CA-MA analogues studied (CMA1 to -6), CMA3 showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, including against drug-resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospital patients. CMA3 appeared to act by inducing pore formation (toroidal model) in the bacterial membrane. In cytotoxicity assays, CMA3 showed little cytotoxicity toward human red blood cells (hRBCs) or HaCaT cells. Additionally, no fluorescence was released from small or giant unilamellar vesicles exposed to 60 μM CMA3 for 80 s, whereas fluorescence was released within 35 s upon exposure to CA-MA. CMA3 also exerted strong lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neutralizing activity in RAW 264.7 cells, and BALB/c mice exposed to LPS after infection by Escherichia coli showed improved survival after administration of one 0.5-mg/kg of body weight or 1-mg/kg dose of CMA3. Finally, in a mouse model of septic shock, CMA3 reduced the levels of proinflammatory factors, including both nitric oxide and white blood cells, and correspondingly reduced lung tissue damage. This study suggests that CMA3 is an antimicrobial/antiendotoxin peptide that could serve as the basis for the development of anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobial agents with low cytotoxicity.
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