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Guan R, Wang T, Dong X, Du K, Li J, Zhao F, Xu J, Li B, Zheng G, Shen X, Cao B, Wang J, Aschner M, Liu M, Chen R. Effects of co-exposure to lead and manganese on learning and memory deficits. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 121:65-76. [PMID: 35654517 PMCID: PMC9163452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) are common neurotoxins. However, individuals are subject to co-exposures in real life, and it is therefore important to study these metals in combination. Weaning Sprague-Dawley rats were given ad libitum access to drinking water solutions containing Pb (100 mg/L), Mn (2.5 mg/mL) or a mixture, and each treatment had its own minocycline (50 mg/(kg•day)) supplement group. The results showed a significant difference in spatial memory and induction levels of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in all exposure groups when compared with controls. The combined-exposure group exhibited the most pronounced effect when compared with each of the single-metal exposure groups. Microglia displayed activation at day 3 after exposure alone or in combination, while astrocytes showed activation at day 5, accompanied by decreased expression levels of GLAST, GLT-1, and GS. Furthermore, the levels of glutamate in the synaptic cleft increased significantly. When microglial activation was inhibited by minocycline, the activation of astrocytes and the expression of GLAST, GLT-1, and GS were both reversed. In addition, upon minocycline treatment, hippocampal LTP impairment and cognitive injury were significantly alleviated in each of the exposure groups. These results suggest that combined exposure to Pb and Mn can cause greater effects on cognition and synaptic plasticity when compared to single-metal exposure groups. The reason may involve abnormal activation of microglia leading to excessive regulation of astrocytes, resulting in glutamate reuptake dysfunction in astrocytes and leading to perturbed cognition and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Guan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kejun Du
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xuefeng Shen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Baohua Cao
- School of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- School of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mingchao Liu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; School of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Vinayagam V, Murugan S, Kumaresan R, Narayanan M, Sillanpää M, Vo DVN, Kushwaha OS. Protein nanofibrils as versatile and sustainable adsorbents for an effective removal of heavy metals from wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134635. [PMID: 35447212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is a valuable natural resource, which plays a crucial role in ecological survival as well as economic progress. However, the water quality has deteriorated in recent years as a result of urbanization, industrialization and human activities due to the uncontrolled release of industrial wastes, which can be extremely carcinogenic and non-degradable, in air, water and soil bodies. Such wastes showed the presence of organic and inorganic pollutants in high dosages. Heavy metals are the most obstinate contaminants, and they can be harmful because of having a variety of detrimental consequences to the ecosystem. The existing water treatment methods in many situations may not be sustainable or effective because of their high energy requirements and ecological impacts. In this review, state-of-the-art water treatment methods for the elimination of heavy metals with the help of protein nanofibrils are covered featuring a discussion on the strategies and possibilities of developing protein nanofibrils for the active elimination of heavy metals using kitchen waste as well as residues from the cattle, agriculture, and dairy industries. Further, the emphasis has been given to their environmental sustainability and economical aspects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Shrima Murugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Rishikeswaran Kumaresan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Meyyappan Narayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Sustainable Membrane Technology Research Group (SMTRG), Chemical Engineering Department, Persian Gulf University, P.O. Box 75169-13817, Bushehr, Iran; Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co. Ltd, No. 588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Zhejiang, 314213, PR China
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Omkar Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
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Association of blood lead level with vitamin D binding protein, total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in middle-school children. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:982-992. [PMID: 34078483 PMCID: PMC8924493 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A negative association between blood Pb level (BPbL) and vitamin D metabolites in occupationally exposed populations has been reported, but data from the general population are scarce. Furthermore, the association between BPbL and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has not been reported. We investigated the association of BPbL with DBP, total and free 25(OH)D in healthy adolescents (n 1347; age range 11-16 years) cross-sectionally selected from all Governorates of Kuwait, utilising multi-stage cluster random sampling. Pb in whole blood was analysed by inductively coupled plasma MS, and DBP with ELISA. Plasma 25(OH)D was analysed by LC-MS/MS, and free 25(OH)D was calculated utilising the levels and binding affinities of DBP and albumin for 25(OH)D. DBP was positively associated with BPbL (β = 0·81; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·22; P < 0·001). A negative association between BPbL and total 25(OH)D was non-significant (P = 0·24) when BPbL was used as a continuous variable but was significant when used as quartiles (P = 0·02). The negative association between BPbL and free 25(OH)D was significant whether BPbL was used as continuous, as quartiles or as cut-off point of <5 µg/dl (0·24 µmol/l). In multinomial logistic regression, the odds of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were more than two-fold higher in the upper quartiles of BPbL compared with the lowest quartile. The negative correlation of BPbL with free 25(OH)D was more robust than its correlation with total 25(OH)D. Future studies must consider the levels of DBP when assessing the association between Pb and vitamin D metabolites.
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Wang D, Fu X, Zhang J, Xu C, Hu Q, Lin W. Association between blood lead level during pregnancy and birth weight: A meta-analysis. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:1085-1094. [PMID: 32969041 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to provide a quantitative summary of evidence for a relationship between prenatal lead (Pb) exposure and birth weight. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible epidemiological studies. We transformed findings in eligible studies with different effect-size metrics to standardized regression coefficients, and used fixed-effects or random-effects models to assess the pooled effects of prenatal Pb exposure on birth weight. RESULTS There was a significant negative association between prenatal Pb exposure and birth weight. Birth weight reduction was associated with elevated lead levels in maternal blood (β = -0.094; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.157 to -0.030) and cord blood (β = -0.120; 95% CI: -0.239 to -0.001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis is the first to provide a quantitative assessment of Pb exposure during pregnancy and an increased risk of lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xi Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Chengfang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Safi JM, Yassin MM, El-Nahhal YZ, Abed YA, Safi MJ, Suleiman HD. Childhood lead poisoning in Gaza Strip, the Palestinian Authority. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 54:118-125. [PMID: 31109601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess lead poisoning among a pediatric population in Gaza Strip, the Palestinian Authority. METHODS A total of 1705 questionnaires and blood samples were collected from children aged 2-6 years, by the finger stick capillary procedure, for the assessment of blood lead level (BLL), using the LeadCare kits. The samples were collected from children living close to lead processing units (hotspots) and far 100-500 m away (general population). Management of elevated BLL was achieved by gavage of chelating agent d-penicillamine at a dose of 30 mg kg-1 body weight/day for two weeks for children having BLL above 20 μg/dl. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS computer program version 22. RESULTS Distribution of children in Gaza Strip by sampling process illustrated those 326 children (19.1%) living in lead processing units (hot spots) and 1379 children (80.9%) from location far away 100-500 m from host spot (general population). The mean BLL was 10.4 μg/dl. A total of 440 children (25.8%) were found to be having BLL ≥ 10 μg/dl while 1265 children (74.2%) have BLL < 10 μg/dl. BLL < 10 μg/dl was taken as a cut point due to CDC standards. The prevalence of BLL in hotspot areas in children who were exposed to lead and have BLL ≥ 10 μg/dl was 95.7% while in general population it was 9.3%. The difference between the study population was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Statistical significant differences between the study populations were found among several independent variables of risk factors such as household location and exposure sources, and occupational exposure. Gavage of d-penicillamine significantly reduced BLL to the acceptable level (BLL < 10 μg/dl). CONCLUSIONS Childhood lead poisoning accounts for a substantial burden in Gaza Strip. Hotspots of lead-related industries are the high risk areas that contributing to high BLLs in children. d-Penicillamine was effective in the treatment of lead poisoning among children. Health education and treatment campaigns should be designed to minimize or prevent childhood lead poisoning in Gaza Strip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal M Safi
- Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza Strip, Palestine; Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Maged M Yassin
- Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza Strip, Palestine; Faculty of Medicine, The Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Yasser Z El-Nahhal
- Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza Strip, Palestine; Faculty of Science, The Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Yehia A Abed
- College of Public Health, Al Quds University, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Mohamed J Safi
- Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Hassan D Suleiman
- Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza Strip, Palestine
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Zamani N, Gholami N, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Farnaghi F, Gachkar L. Factors Associated With High Blood Lead Levels in a Sample of 100 Children in Tehran. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-PEDIATRICS 2019; 13:1179556518825451. [PMID: 30936761 PMCID: PMC6434433 DOI: 10.1177/1179556518825451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Lead is considered a neurotoxic agent. We aimed to evaluate the blood lead level (BLL) in young population and determine probable risk factors of lead exposure in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 100 children were entered and their BLLs were checked. Results: In all, 25 and 8 patients had BLLs above 5 and 10 µg/dL, respectively. There was a significant univariate correlation between BLL and place of living, water pipe type, using dairy products, and stature in both cut-offs of 5 and 10 µg/dL. Binary regression analysis showed that pipe type was associated with high BLLs at cut-offs of 5 and 10 µg/dL, respectively. Also, there was an association between 50th percentile of stature for age and cut-off of 5 µg/dL. Conclusions: Higher BLLs may be seen in short stature pediatric population. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene water pipes may even cause more release of lead and result in higher absorption of this metal in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Zamani
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Gholami
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fariba Farnaghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Latif Gachkar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sachdeva C, Thakur K, Sharma A, Sharma KK. Lead: Tiny but Mighty Poison. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:132-146. [PMID: 29651203 PMCID: PMC5891462 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The documentation of lead toxicity (plumbism) dates back to the times when man learnt its various applications. This versatile heavy metal is non-degradable and its ability to get accumulated in the body that goes undiagnosed, makes it a serious environmental health hazard. Lead is now known to affect almost every organ/tissue of the human body. With irreversible effects on neurobiological development of young children and foetus, its toxicity has lasting implications on the human life. Outlining the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment therapy for lead poisoning, the present review elaborates the pathophysiological effects of lead on various organs. This will be of immense help to the health professionals so as to inculcate a better understanding of the lead poisoning which otherwise is asymptomatic. With chelation therapy being the classic path of treatment, new strategies are being explored as additive/adjunct therapy. It is now understood that lead toxicity is completely preventable. In this regard significant efforts are in place in the developed countries whereas much needs to be done in the developing countries. Spreading the awareness amongst the masses by educating them and reducing the usage of lead following stricter industry norms appears to be the only roadmap to prevent lead poisoning. Efforts being undertaken by the Government of India and other organisations are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaffy Sachdeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Distt. Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh 173001 India
| | - Kshema Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Distt. Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh 173001 India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Distt. Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh 173001 India
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Tohma YA, Akad S, Colak E, Kulaksizoglu S, Akyol M, Terzi YK, Ozcimen EE, Esin S, Sahin FI. Vitamin D receptor gene TaqI single nucleotide polymorphism is not associated with lead levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2506-2511. [PMID: 29463156 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1439011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene TaqI single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with serum lead (Pb) levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-one patients who lived in Konya, Turkey for the last 3 years and had delivery at Başkent University Konya Hospital in 2016 were included in this study. Venous blood samples were drawn from each volunteer immediately before giving birth to determine the maternal Pb levels and VDR SNPs. Additionally, umbilical cord blood samples were collected from the umbilical vein into tube with EDTA as an anticoagulant immediately after birth to determine Pb levels of the fetus. RESULTS The median level of Pb in the maternal blood was 29.00 (Interquartile Range (IQR) = 16.35) μg/L and the median Pb level in the cord blood was 22.50 (IQR = 9.75) μg/L. Blood Pb level of women living in the urban area was significantly higher than in those living in the rural area (Z = 2.118; p = .034). There was a very strong positive correlation between the Pb levels in the maternal blood and in the umbilical cord blood (ρ = 0.825, p < .001, respectively). Regarding VDR SNPs, "TT", "TC", and "CC" VDR TaqI genotypes were observed in 28 (34.6%), 45 (55.5%), and eight samples (9.9%), respectively. Pb levels in maternal and cord blood were higher in women with the "CC" VDR TaqI genotype; however, there was no statistically significant difference (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Although women with the "CC" VDR TaqI genotype had higher maternal and cord blood Pb levels, this was statistically insignificant and therefore, VDR TaqI SNPs did not significantly affect maternal and umbilical cord blood Pb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Aytac Tohma
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Baskent University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Selin Akad
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Baskent University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Eser Colak
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Baskent University School of Medicine , Konya , Turkey
| | - Sevsen Kulaksizoglu
- d Department of Biochemistry , Baskent University School of Medicine , Konya , Turkey
| | - Mesut Akyol
- e Department of Biostatistics , Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yunus Kasim Terzi
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Baskent University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emel Ebru Ozcimen
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Baskent University School of Medicine , Konya , Turkey
| | - Sertac Esin
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Baskent University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Feride Iffet Sahin
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Baskent University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
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Akram Z, Riaz S, Kayani MA, Jahan S, Ahmad MW, Ullah MA, Wazir H, Mahjabeen I. Lead induces DNA damage and alteration of ALAD and antioxidant genes mRNA expression in construction site workers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 74:171-178. [PMID: 29336731 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1428523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and DNA damage are considered as possible mechanisms involved in lead toxicity. To test this hypothesis, DNA damage and expression variations of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 2a (OGG1-2a) genes was studied in a cohort of 100 exposed workers and 100 controls with comet assay and real-time polymerse chain reaction (PCR). Results indicated that increased number of comets was observed in exposed workers versus controls (p < 0.001). After qPCR analysis, significant down-regulation in ALAD (p < 0.0001), SOD2 (p < 0.0001), and OGG1-2a (p < 0.0001) level was observed in exposed workers versus controls. Additionally, a positive spearmen correlation was observed between ALAD versus SOD2 (r = 0.402**, p < 0.001), ALAD versus OGG1-2a (r = 0.235*, p < 0.05), and SOD2 versus OGG1-2a (r = 0.292*, p < 0.05). This study showed that lead exposure induces DNA damage, which is accompanied by an elevated intensity of oxidative stress and expression variation of lead-related gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zertashia Akram
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Riaz
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- b Department of Animal Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Malik Waqar Ahmad
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abaid Ullah
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
- c Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | - Hizbullah Wazir
- b Department of Animal Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- d Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
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Mitra P, Sharma S, Purohit P, Sharma P. Clinical and molecular aspects of lead toxicity: An update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:506-528. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1408562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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AlDrak N, Abudawood M, Hamed SS, Ansar S. Effect of rutin on proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in toxin-mediated hepatotoxicity. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1354305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noura AlDrak
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherifa S. Hamed
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Diaz-Ruiz A, Tristán-López LA, Medrano-Gómez KI, Torres-Domínguez JA, Ríos C, Montes S. Glazed clay pottery and lead exposure in Mexico: Current experimental evidence. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:513-518. [PMID: 27297776 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1193967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lead exposure remains a significant environmental problem; lead is neurotoxic, especially in developing humans. In Mexico, lead in human blood is still a concern. Historically, much of the lead exposure is attributed to the use of handcrafted clay pottery for cooking, storing and serving food. However, experimental cause-and-effect demonstration is lacking. The present study explores this issue with a prospective experimental approach. METHODS We used handcrafted clay containers to prepare and store lemonade, which was supplied as drinking water to pregnant rats throughout the gestational period. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found that clay pots, jars, and mugs leached on average 200 µg/l lead, and exposure to the lemonade resulted in 2.5 µg/dl of lead in the pregnant rats' blood. Neonates also showed increased lead content in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Caspase-3 activity was found to be statistically increased in the hippocampus in prenatally exposed neonates, suggesting increased apoptosis in that brain region. Glazed ceramics are still an important source of lead exposure in Mexico, and our results confirm that pregnancy is a vulnerable period for brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Diaz-Ruiz
- a Neurochemistry Department , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suarez" , Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Tristán-López
- a Neurochemistry Department , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suarez" , Mexico
| | - Karen Itzel Medrano-Gómez
- a Neurochemistry Department , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suarez" , Mexico
| | | | - Camilo Ríos
- a Neurochemistry Department , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suarez" , Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- a Neurochemistry Department , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suarez" , Mexico
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Wiener RC, Jurevic RJ. Association of blood lead levels in children 0-72 months with living in Mid-Appalachia: a semi-ecologic study. Rural Remote Health 2016; 16:3597. [PMID: 27066841 PMCID: PMC4843807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead exposure in children remains a significant public health issue, although many advances have been made. The Mid-Appalachia area (Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia) is 89-91% rural with a population density of 16-21 people/km2 (41-54 people/mi2). Mid-Appalachia has significant health disparities including concerns for the consequences of greater lead exposure to children due to mining and industrial footprints, and existing older housing. The purpose of this study is to compare the reported blood lead levels of screened children, aged 0-72 months in Mid-Appalachia, to the children in the USA in general. METHODS Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and from the US Census Bureau were analyzed in a semi-ecological study. The blood lead level of 5 μg/dL was compared between children in Mid-Appalachia and the US housing units built before 1950; US housing units built before 1940 were also compared. RESULTS The number of children with blood lead levels of 5 μg/dL was significantly greater in Mid-Appalachia than nationally (7.75% vs 5.79%, respectively; p<0.0001). The number of homes built before 1950 (p<0.0001) and built before 1940 (p<0.0001) was significantly greater in Mid-Appalachia than nationally. CONCLUSIONS Blood lead levels in children are higher in Mid-Appalachia than nationally and there is an ecological relationship with the number of homes built before 1950 and before 1940.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Constance Wiener
- Health Sciences Center Addition, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Richard J Jurevic
- Health Sciences Center Addition, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Ansar S, AlGhosoon HT, Hamed S. Evaluation of protective effect of rutin on lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2015.1136333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sebastiampillai BS, Navinan MR, Guruge SIT, Wijayaratne DR, Dissanayake BS, Dissanayake DMSV, Perera MS, Thelikorala SM, Wijayasurendra HD, Wickramaratne DLN, Arambepola C, Fernando R. Lead toxicity among traffic wardens: a high risk group exposed to atmospheric lead, is it still a cause for concern? J Occup Med Toxicol 2015; 10:4. [PMID: 25670963 PMCID: PMC4323022 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-015-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traffic policemen are identified to be at a higher risk of exposure to air pollution and its contaminants such as lead. A study done prior to the introduction of unleaded petroleum in Sri Lanka revealed a mean blood lead level of 53.07 μg/dL, which was well above the Center for Disease Control defined acceptable safe levels. This study aimed to determine whether unleading of fuel has made an impact on the blood lead levels of traffic police working in an urban area with high traffic density. Method A cross-sectional survey of 168 traffic police personnel working within Colombo city limits of Sri Lanka, a high traffic density area, was conducted. Blood lead levels of participants were measured using nitric acid, perchloric acid ashing method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for a targeted history and examination. Results and discussion Mean age of the sample population was 37 years. Thirty eight percent had detectable levels of lead in blood and 24.4% of the study sample had blood lead levels above Centre for disease control defined safe limits. Sample mean was 4.82 μg/dL (95% CI 3.58-6.04), and this is a 91% overall reduction when compared to data prior to unleading. Neither symptoms nor signs of classic lead toxicity showed significant correlation with toxic lead levels. Conclusion Lead poisoning though still present in the high risk traffic warden population shows a considerable reduction following unleading. The need to have a low threshold to suspect lead poisoning is highlighted by the non-specific nature of the symptoms and signs of lead poisoning and its lack of association even in those found to have elevated lead levels. Further studies are required to elucidate a cause for the prevalence of lead poisoning despite cessation of using lead as an additive in petroleum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carukshi Arambepola
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ravindra Fernando
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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