1
|
Ayala-Guzmán CI, Ortiz-Hernandez L, Escudero Malpica C, Macias Rosas A, Castro Avila JI. Phase Angle and Body Composition as Predictors of Fitness and Athletic Performance in Adolescent Boxers. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39069282 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of cellular health, function, and integrity. PhA has been considered an indicator of nutritional and health status, but it is uncertain whether it could be used as a fitness or athletic performance indicator. OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between PhA and the fitness and athletic performance of adolescent boxers and to know whether this association is independent of body composition. METHODS Thirty-seven trained youth boxers (15-18 y old) participated in the study. Participants underwent anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance assessments. The following tests were conducted: Fitness-Gram battery; speed, agility, and quickness; ball throws; punch impact force; bench press maximal strength; and vertical and horizontal jumps. Linear regression models were estimated and adjusted by covariates. RESULTS The PhA was related to upper-limb strength. Nevertheless, in linear regression models, after adjusting models by body composition, only PhA remained as a predictor of relative maximal strength. The PhA was not a predictor of speed, agility, and quickness; cardiorespiratory fitness; or lower-limb power, in which adiposity was the main predictor of fitness. CONCLUSIONS In adolescent boxers, PhA can predict upper-limb maximal strength independently of bioelectrical impedance analysis premises. However, compared with mucle mass, PhA is not a better predictor of upper-limb maximal strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Iván Ayala-Guzmán
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México,Mexico
- Universidad del Valle de México campus Coyoacán-Tlalpan, Ciudad de México,Mexico
- Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Luis Ortiz-Hernandez
- Universidad del Valle de México campus Coyoacán-Tlalpan, Ciudad de México,Mexico
- Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Cristian Escudero Malpica
- Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City,Mexico
- Professional College of Graduates in Sports Training, Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Alejandro Macias Rosas
- Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City,Mexico
- Professional College of Graduates in Sports Training, Mexico City,Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
SEE ZH, ABDUL HAMID MS. Physical activity level, sitting time, and skeletal muscle mass between esports players and non-esports players. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.21.04671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
3
|
Thangiah N, Su TT, Chinna K, Jalaludin MY, Mohamed MNA, Majid HA. Longitudinal assessment between lifestyle-related risk factors and a composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk index among adolescents in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19135. [PMID: 34580328 PMCID: PMC8476536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to create a composite risk index of CVD among adolescents and examine the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle-related risk factors on the composite risk index of biological CVD risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia. A Malaysian adolescent cohort of 1320 adolescents were assessed at 13, 15 and 17 years. Seven biological CVD risk factors with moderate correlation were identified, standardized and averaged to form a composite CVD risk index. Generalised estimating equation using longitudinal linear regression was used to examine the effects of changes in adolescent lifestyle-related risk factors on the composite CVD risk index over time. From the ages 13 to 17 years, physical fitness (β = − 0.001, 90% CI = − 0.003, 0.00002) and BMI (β = 0.051, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.060) were significant predictors of attaining high scores of CVD risk. Female (β = 0.118, 95% CI = 0.040, 0.197), Chinese (β = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.006, 0.239), Indians (β = − 0.114, 95% CI = − 0.216, − 0.012) and adolescents from rural schools (β = 0.066, 95% CI = − 0.005, 0.136) were also found to be considerably significant. A more robust and gender-specific intervention programme focusing on healthy lifestyle (including achieving ideal BMI and improving physical fitness) need to be implemented among school-going adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithiah Thangiah
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Global Public Health Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thajer A, Skacel G, Truschner K, Jorda A, Vasek M, Horsak B, Strempfl J, Kautzky-Willer A, Kainberger F, Greber-Platzer S. Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance-Based Methods on Body Composition in Young Patients with Obesity. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8040295. [PMID: 33920492 PMCID: PMC8070058 DOI: 10.3390/children8040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The determination of body composition is an important method to investigate patients with obesity and to evaluate the efficacy of individualized medical interventions. Bioelectrical impedance-based methods are non-invasive and widely applied but need to be validated for their use in young patients with obesity. (2) Methods: We compiled data from three independent studies on children and adolescents with obesity, measuring body composition with two bioelectrical impedance-based devices (TANITA and BIACORPUS). For a small patient group, additional data were collected with air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (3) Results: Our combined data on 123 patients (age: 6–18 years, body mass index (BMI): 21–59 kg/m²) and the individual studies showed that TANITA and BIACORPUS yield significantly different results on body composition, TANITA overestimating body fat percentage and fat mass relative to BIACORPUS and underestimating fat-free mass (p < 0.001 for all three parameters). A Bland–Altman plot indicated little agreement between methods, which produce clinically relevant differences for all three parameters. We detected gender-specific differences with both methods, with body fat percentage being lower (p < 0.01) and fat-free mass higher (p < 0.001) in males than females. (4) Conclusions: Both bioelectrical impedance-based methods provide significantly different results on body composition in young patients with obesity and thus cannot be used interchangeably, requiring adherence to a specific device for repetitive measurements to ascertain comparability of data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Thajer
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Skacel
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| | - Katharina Truschner
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| | - Anselm Jorda
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| | - Martin Vasek
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| | - Brian Horsak
- Institute of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Matthias-Corvinus-Straße 15, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria;
| | - Johanna Strempfl
- Department of Physiotherapy, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Matthias-Corvinus-Straße 15, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria;
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Franz Kainberger
- Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Azizan NA, Majid HA, Nahar Mohamed A, Su TT. Improvement of nutritional intake for the low-income urban dwellers with hypertension in Malaysia. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120960563. [PMID: 33014371 PMCID: PMC7509715 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120960563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To ascertain the effect of dietary practice modification and a peer-support home blood pressure monitoring program on the nutritional intake (macronutrients and micronutrients), blood pressure and biochemical profiles of hypertension patients in a low-income community setting. Methods: This is a pre- and post-measurement intervention study conducted in low-income community housing projects in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 90 participants aged 18 years and above with hypertension received intervention. The participants were divided into small groups and received instructions on the use of home blood pressure measurement. They also attended a series of talks on dietary intake modification and exercise demonstration for the first six months (active phase). In another 6 months (maintenance phase), they received only pamphlet and SMS reminders. Their anthropometry, blood pressure, dietary, and biochemical parameter changes were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of intervention. Results: Macronutrients and micronutrients showed a significant improvement at the end of 12-month dietary intervention. The energy, carbohydrate, protein, total fat, sodium, and potassium are showing significant reduction from baseline to end of the 12-month intervention. There is no significant reduction in blood pressure. Fasting blood glucose, renal sodium, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a significant improvement, after controlling for age and reported physical activity. Conclusion: The intervention improved the nutritional intake and biochemical profiles of the low-income urban population with hypertension. This promising result should be replicated in a larger scale study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ain Azizan
- Center of Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- Center of Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azmi Nahar Mohamed
- Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thangiah N, Chinna K, Su TT, Jalaludin MY, Al-Sadat N, Majid HA. Clustering and Tracking the Stability of Biological CVD Risk Factors in Adolescents: The Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team Study (MyHeARTs). Front Public Health 2020; 8:69. [PMID: 32257989 PMCID: PMC7090141 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors tend to cluster and progress from adolescence to young adulthood. Reliable and meaningful clustering of CVD risk factors is essential to circumvent loss of information. Tracking adverse and high-risk profiles of adolescents is hoped to curb CVD progression later in life. The study aims to investigate the clustering of biological CVD risk factor among adolescents in Malaysia and the transitions between clusters over time. Method: The Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study (MyHeARTs) examined school students aged 13 in 2012 and re-examined them in 2014 and 2016. In a two-stage stratified cluster sampling, 1,361 students were recruited, of which, 1,320 had complete data. In the follow-up, there were 881 and 637 students in 2014 and in 2016, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to identify and remove highly correlated CVD risk factors. All risk factors were standardized into z-scores. The hierarchical and non-hierarchical (k-means) cluster analyses were used to classify students into high, medium and low risk clusters in each screening year. The tracking and stability of cluster transitions through cross-classification were enumerated with Pearson's inter-age correlations and percentages. Results: Three significant clusters of high, medium and low risk groups were derived from the clustering of eight biological CVD risk factors. The transitions between risk clusters from one screening year to the other were categorized as either stagnant, improved or adverse. The number of students who had adverse transitions increased from 15.5% (13–15 year) to 19.5% (15–17 year), 13.8 to 18.2% among the girls and 19.9 to 22.8% among the boys. For girls, the number of them who remained at high risk over the two transition periods were about the same (13.6 vs. 13.8%) whereas for boys, the percentage reduced from 14.6 to 12.3%. Conclusion: Over time, more than 12% of adolescents remained in the high risk cluster. There were sizable adverse transitions over time as more adolescents appear to be shifting toward an increased risk of having CVD. Collaborative and constant measures should be taken by parents, school, health promotion boards and policy makers to curb the multiplicative effect of clustering CVD risk factors among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithiah Thangiah
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nabilla Al-Sadat
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu R, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wan Y, Gao X. Percentage of free fat mass is associated with elevated blood pressure in healthy Chinese children. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:95-104. [PMID: 30393381 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that a high free fat mass (FFM) was associated with elevated blood pressure in children. However, the observed relationship could be confounded by body weight. Thus, we performed cross-sectional analyses to understand the differences between the percentage of free fat mass (FFM%) and FFM in relation to blood pressure in healthy Chinese children. A total number of 2671 (1264 girls; aged 6-14 years) healthy Chinese children was recruited in 2014 (baseline). We further prospectively examined whether these indices predicted hypertension risk during the 2 years of follow-up (2014-2016) among 2094 participants who were free of hypertension at the baseline. Blood pressure was repeatedly measured in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Hypertension was defined as either high systolic blood pressure and/or high diastolic blood pressure (≥age- and sex-specific 95th percentile for Chinese children). The baseline FFM was assessed by bio-impedance analysis, and FFM% was calculated as FFM divided by the body weight. A high FFM was associated with a high baseline blood pressure and high hypertension risk after adjustment for potential confounders (all p < 0.001). By contrast, a high FFM% was associated with a low baseline blood pressure and low hypertension risk in the fully adjusted model (all p < 0.001). Each one-percent increment of FFM% was associated with a 9% lower risk of developing hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 0.94). A high FFM% was associated with a low blood pressure and low hypertension risk in healthy Chinese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renying Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiquan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Wan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Slaughter Skinfold-Thickness Equations, and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Estimating Body Fat Percentage in Colombian Children and Adolescents with Excess of Adiposity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081086. [PMID: 30110944 PMCID: PMC6115719 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been considered a reference method for measuring body fat percentage (BF%) in children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. However, given that the DXA technique is impractical for routine field use, there is a need to investigate other methods that can accurately determine BF%. We studied the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology, including foot-to-foot and hand-to-foot impedance, and Slaughter skinfold-thickness equations in the measurement of BF%, compared with DXA, in a population of Latin American children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. A total of 127 children and adolescents (11–17 years of age; 70% girls) from the HEPAFIT (Exercise Training and Hepatic Metabolism in Overweight/Obese Adolescent) study were included in the present work. BF% was measured on the same day using two BIA analysers (Seca® 206, Allers Hamburg, Germany and Model Tanita® BC-418®, TANITA Corporation, Sportlife Tokyo, Japan), skinfold measurements (Slaughter equation), and DXA (Hologic Horizon DXA System®, Quirugil, Bogotá, Columbia). Agreement between measurements was analysed using t-tests, Bland–Altman plots, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ρc). There was a significant correlation between DXA and the other BF% measurement methods (r > 0.430). According to paired t-tests, in both sexes, BF% assessed by BIA analysers or Slaughter equations differ from BF% assessed by DXA (p < 0.001). The lower and upper limits of the differences compared with DXA were 6.3–22.9, 2.2–2.8, and −3.2–21.3 (95% CI) in boys and 2.3–14.8, 2.4–20.1, and 3.9–18.3 (95% CI) in girls for Seca® mBCA, Tanita® BC 420MA, and Slaughter equations, respectively. Concordance was poor between DXA and the other methods of measuring BF% (ρc < 0.5). BIA analysers and Slaughter equations underestimated BF% measurements compared to DXA, so they are not interchangeable methods for assessing BF% in Latin American children and adolescents with excess of adiposity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency among 15-year-old adolescents participating in the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team Study (MyHeARTs). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200736. [PMID: 30024934 PMCID: PMC6053195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D ≤ 50 nmol/L) among 15-year-old Malaysian adolescents. By identifying potential risk factors, prevention strategies and interventions can be carried out to improve the vitamin D status in adolescents. Methods and findings Stratified random sampling design was used to select adolescents from 15 urban and rural secondary schools in Selangor, Perak and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data collection was carried out from 1st April 2014 to 30th June 2014. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, sun exposure and sun protective behaviours, clinical data and environmental factors were collected. Blood for total vitamin D was sampled. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Total 1061 participants were analyzed (62% were female; mean age 15.1 ± 0.4 years). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 33%. Mean vitamin D was lower in female (53 ± 15 nmol), obese (body fat percentage (≥25%m; ≥33.8%f) (56 ± 16 nmol/L), Malays (58 ± 18 nmol/L) and Indians (58 ± 15 nmol/L). In multivariate analysis, female (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 3.4–7.5), Malay (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3–8.0), Indian (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.6–12.0) and those always wearing long sleeve (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1–5.4) were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency. For female participants, ethnicity {Malays (OR = 6.7; 95% CI: 2.0–18.5), Indian (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.8–19.3)} was an important risk factors. Cloud cover, school residence, skin pigmentation, sun-exposure and sun-protective behaviours were not significant risk factors. The limitation of this study was recall bias as it relied on self-reported on the sun exposure and protective behaviours. The diet factors were not included in this analysis. Conclusions The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among Malaysian adolescents was considerable. Gender, ethnicity and clothing style were important risk factors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jia A, Xu S, Ming J, Xing Y, Guo J, Zhao M, Zhang L, Ji Q. Body fat percentage cutoffs for risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities in the Chinese adult population: a nationwide study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:728-735. [PMID: 29410481 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The direct assessment of body fat (BF) by using simple methods might be an alternative index of obesity. We aim to investigate the optimal cutoffs of the %BF relating to metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risks in China. SUBJECTS/METHODS The data were from the 2007-2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study. Participants with age of 20-75 years and with a BF measurement record were included. The %BF was measured using a foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to decide the optimal %BF cutoffs for predicting the risk of diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and 10-year cardiovascular events (estimated by Framingham risk score (FRS)). RESULTS A total of 23,769 participants were enrolled with the mean age of 44.88 years, the male percentage of 40.59%, and the mean %BF of 25.22%. The mean %BFs of subjects who had diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and FRS ≥ 10% were higher than those without diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and FRS ≥ 10%, respectively. In men, the optimal %BF cutoffs for these four endpoints were 24.50%, 24.90%, 24.21%, and 22.10%, respectively. In women, they were 35.69%, 32.50%, 32.60%, and 32.31%, respectively. On the basis of the weights of these endpoints, the pooled optimal %BF cutoff was 23.67% and 32.88% in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We suggest the optimal foot-to-foot BIA-measured %BF cutoffs for predicting risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities to be 24% and 33% in Chinese men and women, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Yulin, 719000, Yulin, China
| | - Shaoyong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of PLA, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ling JCY, Mohamed MNA, Jalaludin MY, Rampal S, Zaharan NL, Mohamed Z. Determinants of High Fasting Insulin and Insulin Resistance Among Overweight/Obese Adolescents. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36270. [PMID: 27824069 PMCID: PMC5099955 DOI: 10.1038/srep36270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinaemia is the earliest subclinical metabolic abnormality, which precedes insulin resistance in obese children. An investigation was conducted on the potential predictors of fasting insulin and insulin resistance among overweight/obese adolescents in a developing Asian country. A total of 173 overweight/obese (BMI > 85th percentile) multi-ethnic Malaysian adolescents aged 13 were recruited from 23 randomly selected schools in this cross-sectional study. Waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF%), physical fitness score (PFS), fasting glucose and fasting insulin were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Adjusted stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to predict fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Covariates included pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, nutritional and physical activity scores. One-third of our adolescents were insulin resistant, with girls having significantly higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR than boys. Gender, pubertal stage, BMI, WC and BF% had significant, positive moderate correlations with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR while PFS was inversely correlated (p < 0.05). Fasting insulin was primarily predicted by gender-girls (Beta = 0.305, p < 0.0001), higher BMI (Beta = −0.254, p = 0.02) and greater WC (Beta = 0.242, p = 0.03). This study demonstrated that gender, BMI and WC are simple predictors of fasting insulin and insulin resistance in overweight/obese adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerri Chiu Yun Ling
- Sports Medicine, Deans' Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Sports Medicine Department, 11th Floor, South Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nahar Azmi Mohamed
- Sports Medicine, Deans' Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Sports Medicine Department, 11th Floor, South Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Sanjay Rampal
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Lisa Zaharan
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Islam T, Bhoo-Pathy N, Su TT, Majid HA, Nahar AM, Ng CG, Dahlui M, Hussain S, Cantwell M, Murray L, Taib NA. The Malaysian Breast Cancer Survivorship Cohort (MyBCC): a study protocol. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008643. [PMID: 26503386 PMCID: PMC4636649 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over recent decades, the burden of breast cancer has been increasing at an alarming rate in Asia. Prognostic research findings from Western countries may not readily be adapted to Asia, as the outcome of breast cancer depends on a multitude of factors ranging from genetic, clinical and histological predictors, to lifestyle and social predictors. The primary aim of this study is to determine the impact of lifestyle (eg, nutrition, physical activity), mental and sociocultural condition, on the overall survival and quality of life (QoL) among multiethnic Malaysian women following diagnosis of breast cancer. This study aims to advance the evidence on prognostic factors of breast cancer within the Asian setting. The findings may guide management of patients with breast cancer not only during active treatment but also during the survivorship period. METHODS This hospital-based prospective cohort study will comprise patients with breast cancer (18 years and above), managed in the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). We aim to recruit 1000 cancer survivors over a 6-year period. Data collection will occur at baseline (within 3 months of diagnosis), 6 months, and 1, 3 and 5 years following diagnosis. The primary outcomes are disease-free survival and overall survival, and secondary outcome is QoL. Factors measured are demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors (eg, dietary intake, physical activity), anthropometry measurements (eg, height, weight, waist, hip circumference, body fat analysis), psychosocial aspects, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) usage. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol was approved by the UMMC Ethical Committee in January 2012. All participants are required to provide written informed consent. The findings from our cohort study will be disseminated via scientific publication as well as presentation to stakeholders including the patients, clinicians, the public and policymakers, via appropriate avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Islam
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH) and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH) and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH) and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Mohd Nahar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Guan Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH) and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samsinah Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marie Cantwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Liam Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Nur Aishah Taib
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feasibility of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy measurement before and after thoracentesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:810797. [PMID: 25861647 PMCID: PMC4377452 DOI: 10.1155/2015/810797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy is applied to measure changes in tissue composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate its feasibility in measuring the fluid shift after thoracentesis in patients with pleural effusion. Methods. 45 participants (21 with pleural effusion and 24 healthy subjects) were included. Bioelectrical impedance was analyzed for “Transthoracic,” “Foot to Foot,” “Foot to Hand,” and “Hand to Hand” vectors in low and high frequency domain before and after thoracentesis. Healthy subjects were measured at a single time point. Results. The mean volume of removed pleural effusion was 1169 ± 513 mL. The “Foot to Foot,” “Hand to Hand,” and “Foot to Hand” vector indicated a trend for increased bioelectrical impedance after thoracentesis. Values for the low frequency domain in the “Transthoracic” vector increased significantly (P < 0.001). A moderate correlation was observed between the amount of removed fluid and impedance change in the low frequency domain using the “Foot to Hand” vector (r = −0.7). Conclusion. Bioelectrical impedance changes in correlation with the thoracic fluid level. It was feasible to monitor significant fluid shifts and loss after thoracentesis in the “Transthoracic” vector by means of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. The trial is registered with Registration Numbers IRB EK206/11 and NCT01778270.
Collapse
|
14
|
Body composition indices and predicted cardiovascular disease risk profile among urban dwellers in Malaysia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:174821. [PMID: 25710002 PMCID: PMC4326033 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aims to compare various body composition indices and their association with a predicted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile in an urban population in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in metropolitan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2012. Households were selected using a simple random-sampling method, and adult members were invited for medical screening. The Framingham Risk Scoring algorithm was used to predict CVD risk, which was then analyzed in association with body composition measurements, including waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, body fat percentage, and body mass index. Results. Altogether, 882 individuals were included in our analyses. Indices that included waist-related measurements had the strongest association with CVD risk in both genders. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables, waist-related measurements retained the strongest correlations with predicted CVD risk in males. However, body mass index, waist-height ratio, and waist circumference had the strongest correlation with CVD risk in females. Conclusions. The waist-related indicators of abdominal obesity are important components of CVD risk profiles. As waist-related parameters can quickly and easily be measured, they should be routinely obtained in primary care settings and population health screens in order to assess future CVD risk profiles and design appropriate interventions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo J, Lou Y, Zhang X, Song Y. Effect of aerobic exercise training on cardiometabolic risk factors among professional athletes in the heaviest-weight class. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:78. [PMID: 26388949 PMCID: PMC4573697 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence of metabolic diseases among young professional athletes with large body sizes has raised growing attention. However, few studies specifically examined whether additional aerobic exercise provides cardiometabolic beneficial effect among these young athletes under regularly intensive strength training. OBJECTIVE We conducted a pilot trial to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on overall metabolic syndrome (MetS), individual MetS components, and aerobic capacity among metabolically unhealthy athletes in the heaviest-weight class. METHODS Forty-nine professional athletes aged 15-30 years had large body weights (mean weight of 131 ± 15.5 kg and 108 ± 15.8 kg and mean BMI of 39.4 ± 4.7 kg/m(2) and 36.4 ± 5.1 kg/m(2) for 26 men and 23 women, respectively). They completed a supervised moderate intensity (maximal heart rate: 140-170 beats/min for 30-70 min/day) aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks. We collected and measured metabolic parameters and aerobic capacity for all participants before and after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training. RESULTS At baseline, 42 (86 %) of all 49 metabolically abnormal athletes were diagnosed as MetS according to the NCEP ATP III criteria (≥3 MetS components). After aerobic exercise training, 30 % (13/42) of MetS individuals tended to become free of MetS (<3 MetS components), decreasing the prevalence of MetS by 30.4 % (from 17 to 10) in women and 23.1 % (from 25 to 19) in men (P = 0.001). All individual components of MetS, including fasting glucose levels, lipid profile, and blood pressure, were also significantly improved (all P-values <0.05). Overall and central obesity indexes, including BMI, waist circumference, Waist-hip ratio, and abdominal fat ratio, were significantly decreased in men whereas only overall adiposity indexes, such as BMI and body fat percentage, were significantly reduced in women. Also, participants' aerobic capacities were also significantly enhanced with longer running distances and decreased heart rates (all P-values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our pilot trial showed that moderate intensity aerobic exercise effectively improved cardiometabolic parameters in metabolically unhealthy professional athletes with routinely intensive strength training. Its long-term cardiovascular effects will be evaluated by future randomized controlled trials with well-designed exercise modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Guo
- Centre for the Youth Sport Research and Development, China Institute of Sport Science, Tiyuguan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Xiao Tang Shan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| |
Collapse
|