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Martins RS, Weber J, Poulikidis K, Shetawi AHA, Latif MJ, Razi SS, Lebovics RS, Bhora FY. Gene expression profiles in COVID-19-associated tracheal stenosis indicate persistent anti-viral response and dysregulated retinol metabolism. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:140. [PMID: 38755665 PMCID: PMC11100031 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated tracheal stenosis (COATS) may occur as a result of prolonged intubation during COVID-19 infection. We aimed to investigate patterns of gene expression in the tracheal granulation tissue of patients with COATS, leverage gene expression data to identify dysregulated cellular pathways and processes, and discuss potential therapeutic options based on the identified gene expression profiles. METHODS Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) presenting to clinics for management of severe, recalcitrant COATS were included in this study. RNA sequencing and differential gene expression analysis was performed with transcriptomic data for normal tracheal tissue being used as a control. The top ten most highly upregulated and downregulated genes were identified. For each of these pathologically dysregulated genes, we identified key cellular pathways and processes they are involved in using Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) applied via Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). RESULTS Two women, aged 36 years and 37 years, were included. The profile of dysregulated genes indicated a cellular response consistent with viral infection (CXCL11, PI15, CCL8, DEFB103A, IFI6, ACOD1, and DEFB4A) and hyperproliferation/hypergranulation (MMP3, CASP14 and HAS1), while downregulated pathways included retinol metabolism (ALDH1A2, RBP1, RBP4, CRABP1 and CRABP2). CONCLUSION Gene expression changes consistent with persistent viral infection and dysregulated retinol metabolism may promote tracheal hypergranulation and hyperproliferation leading to COATS. Given the presence of existing literature highlighting retinoic acid's ability to favorably regulate these genes, improve cell-cell adhesion, and decrease overall disease severity in COVID-19, future studies must evaluate its utility for adjunctive management of COATS in animal models and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Seth Martins
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network- Central Region, 65 James Street, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA.
| | - Joanna Weber
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - Kostantinos Poulikidis
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - Al Haitham Al Shetawi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dyson Center for Cancer Care, Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Nuvance Health, 12601, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Nuvance Health, 12601, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - M Jawad Latif
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - Syed Shahzad Razi
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - Robert S Lebovics
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - Faiz Y Bhora
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA.
- Chief of Thoracic Surgery, Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) Network- Central Region, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, 65 James Street, 08820, Edison, NJ, USA.
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Ho PY, Lin YT. Mal de Meleda. JAMA Dermatol 2024; 160:464-465. [PMID: 38477895 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This case report describes diffuse waxy palmoplantar hyperkeratosis in a symmetrically well-demarcated “gloves and socks” distribution with nail dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsz Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Kost V, Sukhov D, Ivanov I, Kasheverov I, Ojomoko L, Shelukhina I, Mozhaeva V, Kudryavtsev D, Feofanov A, Ignatova A, Utkin Y, Tsetlin V. Comparison of Conformations and Interactions with Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors for E. coli-Produced and Synthetic Three-Finger Protein SLURP-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16950. [PMID: 38069271 PMCID: PMC10707033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SLURP-1 is a three-finger human protein targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The recombinant forms of SLURP-1 produced in E. coli differ in added fusion fragments and in activity. The closest in sequence to the naturally occurring SLURP-1 is the recombinant rSLURP-1, differing by only one additional N-terminal Met residue. sSLURP-1 can be prepared by peptide synthesis and its amino acid sequence is identical to that of the natural protein. In view of recent NMR analysis of the conformational mobility of rSLURP-1 and cryo-electron microscopy structures of complexes of α-bungarotoxin (a three-finger snake venom protein) with Torpedo californica and α7 nAChRs, we compared conformations of sSLURP-1 and rSLURP-1 by Raman spectroscopy and CD-controlled thermal denaturation, analyzed their competition with α-bungarotoxin for binding to the above-mentioned nAChRs, compared the respective receptor complexes with computer modeling and compared their inhibitory potency on the α9α10 nAChR. The CD revealed a higher thermostability of sSLURP-1; some differences between sSLURP-1 and rSLURP-1 were observed in the regions of disulfides and tyrosine residues by Raman spectroscopy, but in binding, computer modeling and electrophysiology, the proteins were similar. Thus, sSLURP-1 and rSLURP-1 with only one additional Met residue appear close in structure and functional characteristics, being appropriate for research on nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kost
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Dmitry Sukhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Igor Kasheverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Lucy Ojomoko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Irina Shelukhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Vera Mozhaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Kudryavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8, bldg. 2 Trubetskaya Str., 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Feofanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Anastasia Ignatova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Yuri Utkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Victor Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
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Senevirathne A, Aganja RP, Hewawaduge C, Lee JH. Inflammation-Related Immune-Modulatory SLURP1 Prevents the Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer Cells, and Its Delivery by Salmonella Demonstrates Cross-Species Efficacy against Murine Colon Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2462. [PMID: 37896222 PMCID: PMC10609686 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the anticancer properties of the α7-nAChR antagonist SLURP1 with a specific focus on its effect as an inflammation modulator on human colorectal cancer cell lines Caco2, Colo320DM, and H508 cells. The investigation includes the evaluation of cell cycle arrest, cell migration arrest, endogenous expression of SLURP1 and related proteins, calcium influx, and inflammatory responses. The results demonstrate that SLURP1 not only inhibits cell proliferation but also has the potential to arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S interface. The impact of SLURP1 on cell cycle regulation varied among cell lines, with H508 cells displaying the strongest response to exogenous SLURP1. Additionally, SLURP1 affects the nuclear factor kappa B expression and effectively reverses inflammatory responses elicited by purified lipopolysaccharides in H508 and Caco2 cells. This study further confirmed the expression of human SLURP1 by Salmonella, under Ptrc promoter, through Western blot analysis. Moreover, Salmonella secreting SLURP1 revealed a significant tumor regression in a mouse CT26 tumor model, suggesting the cross-species anticancer potential of human SLURP1. However, further investigations are required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying SLURP1's ability to prevent cancer proliferation and its protective function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Senevirathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Ram Prasad Aganja
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (R.P.A.)
- Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (R.P.A.)
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (R.P.A.)
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Bychkov ML, Kirichenko AV, Paramonov AS, Kirpichnikov MP, Lukmanova EN. Accumulation of β-Amyloid Leads to a Decrease in Lynx1 and Lypd6B Expression in the Hippocampus and Increased Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Hippocampus and Blood Serum. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 511:145-150. [PMID: 37833597 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923700217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease, the development of which is associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid oligomers, dysfunction of the α7-nAChR nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and activation of inflammation. Previously, we showed that the neuromodulator Lynx1, which belongs to the Ly6/uPAR family, competes with β-amyloid(1-42) for binding to α7-nAChR. In this work, we studied the expression and localization of Ly6/uPAR family proteins in the hippocampus of 2xTg-AD transgenic mice that model AD and demonstrate increased amyloidosis in the brain. Using real-time PCR, we showed a decrease in the expression of the genes encoding Lynx1, Lypd6b, and the postsynaptic marker PSD95, as well as an increase in the expression of the TNFα gene in the hippocampus of 2xTg-AD mice. Histochemical analysis showed that, in the hippocampus of 2xTg-AD mice, Lynx1 does not colocalize with α7-nAChR, which can lead to the development of pathology when the receptor interacts with oligomeric β-amyloid. In addition, in 2xTg-AD mice, activation of systemic inflammation was shown, which manifests itself in a decrease in the serum level of SLURP-1, a Ly6/uPAR family protein capable of regulating inflammatory processes, as well as in an increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and TNFβ. Thus, α7-nAChR dysfunction and maintenance of the inflammatory microenvironment in the brain in Alzheimer's disease may be associated with a decrease in the expression of Ly6/uPAR family proteins that regulate α7-nAChR activity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bychkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kirichenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School "Molecular Technologies of Living Systems and Synthetic Biology", Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Lukmanova
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School "Molecular Technologies of Living Systems and Synthetic Biology", Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China.
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6
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Shelukhina I, Siniavin A, Kasheverov I, Ojomoko L, Tsetlin V, Utkin Y. α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076524. [PMID: 37047495 PMCID: PMC10095066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present as many different subtypes in the nervous and immune systems, muscles and on the cells of other organs. In the immune system, inflammation is regulated via the vagus nerve through the activation of the non-neuronal α7 nAChR subtype, affecting the production of cytokines. The analgesic properties of α7 nAChR-selective compounds are mostly based on the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain relief mediated by the inhibition of α9-containing nAChRs is not fully understood yet, but the role of immune factors in this process is becoming evident. To obtain appropriate drugs, a search of selective agonists, antagonists and modulators of α7- and α9-containing nAChRs is underway. The naturally occurring three-finger snake α-neurotoxins and mammalian Ly6/uPAR proteins, as well as neurotoxic peptides α-conotoxins, are not only sophisticated tools in research on nAChRs but are also considered as potential medicines. In particular, the inhibition of the α9-containing nAChRs by α-conotoxins may be a pathway to alleviate neuropathic pain. nAChRs are involved in the inflammation processes during AIDS and other viral infections; thus they can also be means used in drug design. In this review, we discuss the role of α7- and α9-containing nAChRs in the immune processes and in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuri Utkin
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-495-3366522
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7
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Abdelrahman Z, Wang X, Wang D, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen Z. Identification of novel pathways and immune profiles related to sarcopenia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:928285. [PMID: 37138756 PMCID: PMC10149827 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.928285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcopenia is a progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle mass strength and function. Methods To uncover the underlying cellular and biological mechanisms, we studied the association between sarcopenia's three stages and the patient's ethnicity, identified a gene regulatory network based on motif enrichment in the upregulated gene set of sarcopenia, and compared the immunological landscape among sarcopenia stages. Results We found that sarcopenia (S) was associated with GnRH, neurotrophin, Rap1, Ras, and p53 signaling pathways. Low muscle mass (LMM) patients showed activated pathways of VEGF signaling, B-cell receptor signaling, ErbB signaling, and T-cell receptor signaling. Low muscle mass and physical performance (LMM_LP) patients showed lower enrichment scores in B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, HIF-1 signaling, and the adaptive immune response pathways. Five common genes among DEGs and the elastic net regression model, TTC39DP, SLURP1, LCE1C, PTCD2P1, and OR7E109P, were expressed between S patients and healthy controls. SLURP1 and LCE1C showed the highest expression levels among sarcopenic Chinese descent than Caucasians and Afro-Caribbeans. Gene regulatory analysis of top upregulated genes in S patients yielded a top-scoring regulon containing GATA1, GATA2, and GATA3 as master regulators and nine predicted direct target genes. Two genes were associated with locomotion: POSTN and SLURP1. TTC39DP upregulation was associated with a better prognosis and stronger immune profile in S patients. The upregulation of SLURP1 and LCE1C was associated with a worse prognosis and weaker immune profile. Conclusion This study provides new insight into sarcopenia's cellular and immunological prospects and evaluates the age and sarcopenia-related modifications of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdelrahman
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain–Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daming Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain–Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Xuhua Wang
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zuobing Chen
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Pospischil I, Enzelsberger K, Gross S, Hoetzenecker W, Fischer TW. Mal de Meleda: Diagnostic Work-up and Therapy with Low-dose Acitretin. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00758. [DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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He X, Wang L, Liu L, Gao J, Long B, Chi F, Hu T, Wan Y, Gong Z, Li L, Zhen P, Zhang T, Cao H, Huang SH. Endogenous α7 nAChR Agonist SLURP1 Facilitates Escherichia coli K1 Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745854. [PMID: 34721415 PMCID: PMC8552013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is critical for the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1 meningitis, a severe central nervous system infection of the neonates. However, little is known about how E. coli K1 manipulates α7 nAChR signaling. Here, through employing immortalized cell lines, animal models, and human transcriptional analysis, we showed that E. coli K1 infection triggers releasing of secreted Ly6/Plaur domain containing 1 (SLURP1), an endogenous α7 nAChR ligand. Exogenous supplement of SLURP1, combined with SLURP1 knockdown or overexpression cell lines, showed that SLURP1 is required for E. coli K1 invasion and neutrophils migrating across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, we found that SLURP1 is required for E. coli K1-induced α7 nAChR activation. Finally, the promoting effects of SLURP1 on the pathogenesis of E. coli K1 meningitis was significantly abolished in the α7 nAChR knockout mice. These results reveal that E. coli K1 exploits SLURP1 to activate α7 nAChR and facilitate its pathogenesis, and blocking SLURP1-α7 nAChR interaction might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for E. coli K1 meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Beiguo Long
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tongtong Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Peilin Zhen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Tiesong Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
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10
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Ertle CM, Rommel FR, Tumala S, Moriwaki Y, Klein J, Kruse J, Gieler U, Peters EMJ. New Pathways for the Skin's Stress Response: The Cholinergic Neuropeptide SLURP-1 Can Activate Mast Cells and Alter Cytokine Production in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631881. [PMID: 33815383 PMCID: PMC8012551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Chrna7) plays an essential anti-inflammatory role in immune homeostasis and was recently found on mast cells (MC). Psychosocial stress can trigger MC hyperactivation and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in target tissues such as the skin. If the cholinergic system (CS) and Chrna7 ligands play a role in these cascades is largely unknown. Objective: To elucidate the role of the CS in the response to psychosocial stress using a mouse-model for stress-triggered cutaneous inflammatory circuits. Methods: Key CS markers (ACh, Ch, SLURP-1, SLURP-2, Lynx1, Chrm3, Chrna7, Chrna9, ChAT, VAChT, Oct3, AChE, and BChE) in skin and its MC (sMC), MC activation, immune parameters (TNFα, IL1β, IL10, TGFβ, HIF1α, and STAT3) and oxidative stress were analyzed in skin from 24 h noise-stressed mice and in cultured MC (cMC) from C57BL/6 or Chrna7-Knockout mice. Results: First, Chrna7 and SLURP-1 mRNA were exclusively upregulated in stressed skin. Second, histomorphometry located Chrna7 and SLURP-1 in nerves and sMC and demonstrated upregulated contacts and increased Chrna7+ sMC in stressed skin, while 5 ng/mL SLURP-1 degranulated cMC. Third, IL1β+ sMC were high in stressed skin, and while SLURP-1 alone had no significant effect on cMC cytokines, it upregulated IL1β in cMC from Chrna7-KO and in IL1β-treated wildtype cMC. In addition, HIF1α+ sMC were high in stressed skin and Chrna7-agonist AR-R 17779 induced ROS in cMC while SLURP-1 upregulated TNFα and IL1β in cMC when HIF1α was blocked. Conclusions: These data infer that the CS plays a role in the regulation of stress-sensitive inflammatory responses but may have a surprising pro-inflammatory effect in healthy skin, driving IL1β expression if SLURP-1 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Ertle
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank R Rommel
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Tumala
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jochen Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter N260, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gieler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eva M J Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Charité Center 12 for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Vieira-Alves I, Coimbra-Campos LMC, Sancho M, da Silva RF, Cortes SF, Lemos VS. Role of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in the Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:621769. [PMID: 33424644 PMCID: PMC7785985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.621769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis constitutes a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This slowly progressing, chronic inflammatory disorder of large- and medium-sized arteries involves complex recruitment of immune cells, lipid accumulation, and vascular structural remodeling. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is expressed in several cell types involved in the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Recently, the α7nAChR has been described as an essential regulator of inflammation as this receptor mediates the inhibition of cytokine synthesis through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a mechanism involved in the attenuation of atherosclerotic disease. Aside from the neuronal cholinergic control of inflammation, the non-neuronal cholinergic system similarly regulates the immune function. Acetylcholine released from T cells acts in an autocrine/paracrine fashion at the α7nAChR of various immune cells to modulate immune function. This mechanism additionally has potential implications in reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation. In contrast, the activation of α7nAChR is linked to the induction of angiogenesis and VSMC proliferation, which may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, both atheroprotective and pro-atherogenic roles are attributed to the stimulation of α7nAChRs, and their role in the genesis and progression of atheromatous plaque is still under debate. This minireview highlights the current knowledge on the involvement of the α7nAChR in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildernandes Vieira-Alves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leda M C Coimbra-Campos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Rafaela Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Steyner F Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Paramonov AS, Kocharovskaya MV, Tsarev AV, Kulbatskii DS, Loktyushov EV, Shulepko MA, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN, Shenkarev ZO. Structural Diversity and Dynamics of Human Three-Finger Proteins Acting on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7280. [PMID: 33019770 PMCID: PMC7582953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly-6/uPAR or three-finger proteins (TFPs) contain a disulfide-stabilized β-structural core and three protruding loops (fingers). In mammals, TFPs have been found in epithelium and the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems. Here, using heteronuclear NMR, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structure and backbone dynamics of the epithelial secreted protein SLURP-1 and soluble domains of GPI-anchored TFPs from the brain (Lynx2, Lypd6, Lypd6b) acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Results were compared with the data about human TFPs Lynx1 and SLURP-2 and snake α-neurotoxins WTX and NTII. Two different topologies of the β-structure were revealed: one large antiparallel β-sheet in Lypd6 and Lypd6b, and two β-sheets in other proteins. α-Helical segments were found in the loops I/III of Lynx2, Lypd6, and Lypd6b. Differences in the surface distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups indicated significant differences in a mode of TFPs/nAChR interactions. TFPs showed significant conformational plasticity: the loops were highly mobile at picosecond-nanosecond timescale, while the β-structural regions demonstrated microsecond-millisecond motions. SLURP-1 had the largest plasticity and characterized by the unordered loops II/III and cis-trans isomerization of the Tyr39-Pro40 bond. In conclusion, plasticity could be an important feature of TFPs adapting their structures for optimal interaction with the different conformational states of nAChRs.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Ly/chemistry
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cloning, Molecular
- Elapid Venoms/chemistry
- Elapid Venoms/metabolism
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- GPI-Linked Proteins/chemistry
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Models, Molecular
- Neuropeptides/chemistry
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/chemistry
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/genetics
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Milita V. Kocharovskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Tsarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Eugene V. Loktyushov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail A. Shulepko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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13
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Ganji-Arjenaki M, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Phytotherapies in inflammatory bowel disease. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:42. [PMID: 31160909 PMCID: PMC6540767 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_590_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been considered as a group of heterogeneous intestinal diseases that affects multiple organs outside of the gastrointestinal tract and is due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response mediated by the immune system. The IBD etiology has not been clearly defined, and it is considered as a multifactorial disease. Due to side effects of some conventional therapies, the consumption of complementary and alternative medicines, and in particular, the herbal therapy, more than before is increasing. Herbal therapy results for management of IBD by various mechanisms including leukotriene B4 inhibition, antioxidant activity, immune system regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B, as well as antiplatelet activity are favorable, and no unfortunate events have been yet reported. In this article, we aimed to review and report the herbal therapies established for management of human IBD or evaluated by animal IBD models. Their possible mechanisms of actions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboube Ganji-Arjenaki
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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14
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Swamynathan S, Tiwari A, Loughner CL, Gnalian J, Alexander N, Jhanji V, Swamynathan SK. The secreted Ly6/uPAR-related protein-1 suppresses neutrophil binding, chemotaxis, and transmigration through human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5898. [PMID: 30976100 PMCID: PMC6459912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted Ly-6/uPAR Related Protein-1 (SLURP1) is an immunomodulatory protein that promotes corneal immune- and angiogenic-privilege. Here, we have examined the influence of SLURP1 on neutrophil-vascular endothelial cell interactions using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 (dHL-60) cells, or primary human neutrophils. SLURP1 blocked the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-activated dHL-60 cells (i) binding to TNF-α-activated HUVEC with a concurrent reduction in endothelial cell adhesion molecule E-selectin, (ii) transmigration through TNF-α-activated confluent HUVEC monolayer by stabilizing VE-cadherin and β-catenin on endothelial cell cytoplasmic membranes, (iii) chemotaxis towards chemoattractant formyl Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) coupled with their decreased polarization, and (iv) TNF-α-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) expression and activity. SLURP1 also suppressed the primary human neutrophil chemotaxis, and interaction with HUVEC. Furthermore, SLURP1 suppressed fMLP-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase-B (AKT) in dHL-60 cells. Collectively, these results provide evidence that SLURP1 suppresses neutrophil (i) docking on HUVEC cells by decreasing endothelial cell adhesion molecule E-Selectin production, (ii) transmigration through HUVEC monolayer by stabilizing endothelial cell membrane localization of VE-cadherin and β-catenin complex and promoting their barrier function, and (iii) chemotaxis by modulating their polarization and TNF-α-stimulated MMP9 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chelsea L Loughner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.,Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greensburg, PA, USA
| | - John Gnalian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nicholas Alexander
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. .,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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15
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Zhao A, Jiang F, Yang G, Liu H, Li L. Sfrp5 interacts with Slurp1 to regulate the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocyte steatosis model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:256-262. [PMID: 30879770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5), an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes, plays an important role in energy metabolism. Studies have shown that Sfrp5 plays a salutary role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, but its specific mechanism needs further study. In this study, we showed a lower level of Sfrp5 in subjects with diet-induced obesity than in normal-diet C57BL/6J mice. To further investigate Sfrp5-associated proteins in HepG2 cells, the immunoprecipitation assay and silver staining assay were performed. By mass spectrometry analysis, secreted lymphocyte antigen-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related peptide (Slurp-1) was found to interact with Sfrp5. Further verification was obtained through the positive and reverse immunoprecipitation assay. In this study, we found that the sole over-expression of Slurp1 promoted the expression of Sfrp5 in palmitate-induced HepG2 cells. In addition, our experimental evidence shows that the role of Slurp1 in decreasing TG level was greatly reduced in the case of suppression of expression of Sfrp5 in palmitate-induced model cells. Our study further found that Slurp1 regulates the synthesis pathway of triglyceride by interacting with Sfrp5 to alleviate triglyceride accumulation in palmitate-induced model cells. In summary, we are the first to discover the interaction between Sfrp5 and Slurp1, and we found that Slurp1 may regulate the accumulation of TG through Sfrp5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Feiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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16
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Akomolafe OR, Imafidon CE, Olukiran OS, Oladele AA, Akanji BO. Sub-acute administration of lower doses of nicotine caused sex-dependent improvement of renal function in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2018; 4:535-542. [PMID: 29657920 PMCID: PMC5897321 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nicotine is associated with sex-dependent variation in electrolyte disturbances. Lower doses of sub-acute nicotine administration enhanced renal function. Nicotine-enhanced renal function is more pronounced in female than in male Wistar rats. Nicotine-enhanced renal function may be mediated through α7-nAchR.
The adverse and beneficial health effects of nicotine (NIC), the major alkaloid found in cigarettes and tobacco, are controversial. Most studies on NIC have focused on its effects on cardiovascular and nervous functions. This study aimed at determining dose- and sex-specific effects of sub-acute (28 days) NIC administration on some indices of kidney function in Wistar rats. Forty rats (20 males and 20 females), 8–9 weeks old (each housed in separate metabolic cage), were used for this study such that graded doses of NIC (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg i.p. for 28 days) were administered to both sexes while each control received distilled water at 0.2 mL/100 g i.p. Blood was collected under ketamine anesthesia (10 mg/kg i.m) for analyses and results obtained were compared at p < 0.05. The result showed beneficial alterations in plasma and urine level of creatinine, urea and uric acid (p < 0.05) as well as plasma and urine electrolyte level (Na+ and K+) in both sexes (p < 0.05). Also, there was significant improvement in creatinine clearance (p < 0.05) with no appreciable difference in their histological examination. Although these beneficial effects were more pronounced in the female than in the male (p < 0.05), administration at the highest dose showed potentially deleterious alterations from normal beneficial trend (p < 0.05) in both sexes. It was concluded that sub-acute administration of lower doses of NIC improves kidney function of Wistar rats; an effect that was more pronounced in the females than their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojo Rufus Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Christian Eseigbe Imafidon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa Sesan Olukiran
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ayowole Abraham Oladele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Oludare Akanji
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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17
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Throm VM, Männle D, Giese T, Bauer AS, Gaida MM, Kopitz J, Bruckner T, Plaschke K, Grekova SP, Felix K, Hackert T, Giese NA, Strobel O. Endogenous CHRNA7-ligand SLURP1 as a potential tumor suppressor and anti-nicotinic factor in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11734-11751. [PMID: 29545933 PMCID: PMC5837762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is associated with increased risk and poorer prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Nicotine acts through cholinergic nicotinic receptors, preferentially α7 (CHRNA7) that also binds the endogenous ligand SLURP1 (Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-Related Protein 1). The clinical significance of SLURP1 and its interaction with nicotine in PDAC are unclear. We detected similar levels of SLURP1 in sera from healthy donors and patients with chronic pancreatitis or PDAC; higher preoperative values were associated with significantly better survival in patients with resected tumors. Pancreatic tissue was not a source of circulating SLURP1 but contained diverse CHRNA7-expressing cells, preferentially epithelial and immune, whereas stromal stellate cells and a quarter of the tumor cells lacked CHRNA7. The CHRNA7 mRNA levels were decreased in PDAC, and CHRNA7high-PDAC patients lived longer. In CHRNA7high COLO357 and PANC-1 cultures, opposing activities of SLURP1 (anti-malignant/CHRNA7-dependent) and nicotine (pro-malignant/CHRNA7-infidel) were exerted without reciprocally interfering with receptor binding or downstream signaling. These data suggested that the ligands act independently and abolish each other’s effects through a mechanism resembling functional antagonism. Thus, SLURP1 might represent an inborn anti-PDAC defense being sensitive to and counteracting nicotine. Boosting SLURP1-CHRNA7 interaction might represent a novel strategy for treatment in high-risk individuals, i.e., smokers with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M Throm
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Männle
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea S Bauer
- Department of Functional Genomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics/IMBI, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Plaschke
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana P Grekova
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Felix
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia A Giese
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chaves-Pozo E, Valero Y, Esteve-Codina A, Gómez-Garrido J, Dabad M, Alioto T, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. Innate Cell-Mediated Cytotoxic Activity of European Sea Bass Leucocytes Against Nodavirus-Infected Cells: A Functional and RNA-seq Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15396. [PMID: 29133947 PMCID: PMC5684396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) causes high mortalities in several marine species. We aimed to evaluate the innate cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) activity of head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) isolated from naïve European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a very susceptible and resistant fish species to NNV, respectively, against fish cell lines infected with NNV. Seabream HKLs showed significantly increased innate CMC activity against NNV-infected cells, compared to those uninfected, while sea bass HKLs failed to do so. Thus, we performed a RNA-seq study to identify genes related to the CMC activity of sea bass leucocytes. Thus, we found that sea bass HKLs incubated with DLB-1 cells alone (CMC_DLB1) or with NNV-infected DLB-1 cells (CMC_DLB1-NNV) showed very similar transcriptomic profiles and the GO analysis revealed that most of the up-regulated genes were related to immunity. Strikingly, when the CMC samples with and without NNV were compared, GO analysis revealed that most of the up-regulated genes in CMC_DLB1-NNV samples were related to metabolism and very few to immunity. This is also in agreement with the functional data. These data point to the escape of CMC activity by NNV infection as an important factor involved in the high susceptibility to nodavirus infections of European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yulema Valero
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Dabad
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tyler Alioto
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Fujii T, Mashimo M, Moriwaki Y, Misawa H, Ono S, Horiguchi K, Kawashima K. Expression and Function of the Cholinergic System in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1085. [PMID: 28932225 PMCID: PMC5592202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T and B cells express most cholinergic system components—e.g., acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase, and both muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs, respectively). Using ChATBAC-eGFP transgenic mice, ChAT expression has been confirmed in T and B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Moreover, T cell activation via T-cell receptor/CD3-mediated pathways upregulates ChAT mRNA expression and ACh synthesis, suggesting that this lymphocytic cholinergic system contributes to the regulation of immune function. Immune cells express all five mAChRs (M1–M5). Combined M1/M5 mAChR-deficient (M1/M5-KO) mice produce less antigen-specific antibody than wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, spleen cells in M1/M5-KO mice produce less tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, suggesting M1/M5 mAChRs are involved in regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and antibody production. Immune cells also frequently express the α2, α5, α6, α7, α9, and α10 nAChR subunits. α7 nAChR-deficient (α7-KO) mice produce more antigen-specific antibody than WT mice, and spleen cells from α7-KO mice produce more TNF-α and IL-6 than WT cells. This suggests that α7 nAChRs are involved in regulating cytokine production and thus modulate antibody production. Evidence also indicates that nicotine modulates immune responses by altering cytokine production and that α7 nAChR signaling contributes to immunomodulation through modification of T cell differentiation. Together, these findings suggest the involvement of both mAChRs and nAChRs in the regulation of immune function. The observation that vagus nerve stimulation protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock led to the notion of a cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex pathway, and the spleen is an essential component of this anti-inflammatory reflex. Because the spleen lacks direct vagus innervation, it has been postulated that ACh synthesized by a subset of CD4+ T cells relays vagal nerve signals to α7 nAChRs on splenic macrophages, which downregulates TNF-α synthesis and release, thereby modulating inflammatory responses. However, because the spleen is innervated solely by the noradrenergic splenic nerve, confirmation of an anti-inflammatory reflex pathway involving the spleen requires several more hypotheses to be addressed. We will review and discuss these issues in the context of the cholinergic system in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Mashimo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Ono
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Horiguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Medicine, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Fujii T, Mashimo M, Moriwaki Y, Misawa H, Ono S, Horiguchi K, Kawashima K. Physiological functions of the cholinergic system in immune cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 134:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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21
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Han B, Li X, Hao J. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: An innovative treatment strategy for neurological diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:358-368. [PMID: 28392244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh), as a classical neurotransmitter, regulates the neuronal network in response to internal and external stimuli. In recent decades, the biology of ACh has been endowed with unparalleled new insights, especially with respect to cholinergic anti-inflammatory properties in non-neuronal cells. In fact, a mechanism frequently referred to as the "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" has been termed to describe interactions between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system via vagus nerve. As well documented, immune cells express choline acetyltransferase, a direct synthetase for ACh, and other corresponding cholinergic components. Alternatively, the ACh released from immune cells or cholinergic neurons modulates immune function in an autocrine/paracrine manner by acting on its receptors. Moreover, muscarinic or nicotinic ACh receptors on various immune cells and CNS glial cells administer the work of their respective agonists, causing functional and biochemical changes. In this review, we focus on the anti-inflammatory benefits of non-neuronal and neuronal ACh as a means of providing new insights into treating inflammation-related neurological diseases, as exemplified by those described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xiuping Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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22
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Mingomataj EÇ, Bakiri AH. Regulator Versus Effector Paradigm: Interleukin-10 as Indicator of the Switching Response. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 50:97-113. [PMID: 26450621 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-10 (IL-10) is generally considered as the most important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties and one of the key cytokines preventing inflammation-mediated tissue damage. In this respect, IL-10 producing cells play a crucial role in the outcome of infections, allergy, autoimmune reactions, tumor development, and transplant tolerance. Based on recent findings with regard to the mentioned clinical conditions, this review attempts to shed some light on the IL-10 functions, considering this cytokine as inherent inducer of the switching immunity. While acute infections and vaccinations are associated by IL-10 enhanced during few weeks, chronic parasitoses, tumor diseases, allergen-specific immunotherapy, transplants, and use of immune-suppressor drugs show an increased IL-10 level along months or years. With regard to autoimmune pathologies, the IL-10 increase is prevalently observed during early stages, whereas the successive stages are characterized by reaching of immune equilibrium independently to disease's activity. Together, these findings indicate that IL-10 is mainly produced during transient immune conditions and the persistent IL-10-related effect is the indication/prediction (and maybe effectuation) of the switching immunity. Actual knowledge emphasizes that any manipulation of the IL-10 response for treatment purposes should be considered very cautiously due to its potential hazards to the immune system. Probably, the IL-10 as potential switcher of immunity response should be used in association with co-stimulatory immune effectors that are necessary to determine the appropriate deviation during treatment of respective pathologies. Hopefully, further findings would open new avenues to study the biology of this "master switch" cytokine and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Ç Mingomataj
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, "Mother Theresa" School of Medicine, Tirana, Albania. .,Faculty of Technical Medical Sciences, Department of Preclinical Disciplines, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Alketa H Bakiri
- Hygeia Hospital Tirana, Outpatients Service, Allergology Consulting Room, Tirana, Albania.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Albanian University, Tirana, Albania
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Lyukmanova EN, Shulepko MA, Shenkarev ZO, Bychkov ML, Paramonov AS, Chugunov AO, Kulbatskii DS, Arvaniti M, Dolejsi E, Schaer T, Arseniev AS, Efremov RG, Thomsen MS, Dolezal V, Bertrand D, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Secreted Isoform of Human Lynx1 (SLURP-2): Spatial Structure and Pharmacology of Interactions with Different Types of Acetylcholine Receptors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30698. [PMID: 27485575 PMCID: PMC4971505 DOI: 10.1038/srep30698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein-2 (SLURP-2) regulates the growth and differentiation of epithelial cells. Previously, the auto/paracrine activity of SLURP-2 was considered to be mediated via its interaction with the α3β2 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we describe the structure and pharmacology of a recombinant analogue of SLURP-2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a 'three-finger' fold of SLURP-2 with a conserved β-structural core and three protruding loops. Affinity purification using cortical extracts revealed that SLURP-2 could interact with the α3, α4, α5, α7, β2, and β4 nAChR subunits, revealing its broader pharmacological profile. SLURP-2 inhibits acetylcholine-evoked currents at α4β2 and α3β2-nAChRs (IC50 ~0.17 and >3 μM, respectively) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In contrast, at α7-nAChRs, SLURP-2 significantly enhances acetylcholine-evoked currents at concentrations <1 μM but induces inhibition at higher concentrations. SLURP-2 allosterically interacts with human M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) that are overexpressed in CHO cells. SLURP-2 was found to promote the proliferation of human oral keratinocytes via interactions with α3β2-nAChRs, while it inhibited cell growth via α7-nAChRs. SLURP-2/mAChRs interactions are also probably involved in the control of keratinocyte growth. Computer modeling revealed possible SLURP-2 binding to the 'classical' orthosteric agonist/antagonist binding sites at α7 and α3β2-nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. N. Lyukmanova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - M. A. Shulepko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Z. O. Shenkarev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - M. L. Bychkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - A. S. Paramonov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - A. O. Chugunov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - D. S. Kulbatskii
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - M. Arvaniti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Dolejsi
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (public research institution), Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - T. Schaer
- HiQScreen Sàrl, 6 rte de Compois, 1222, Vésenaz, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. S. Arseniev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - R. G. Efremov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya ul. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. S. Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V. Dolezal
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (public research institution), Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - D. Bertrand
- HiQScreen Sàrl, 6 rte de Compois, 1222, Vésenaz, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. A. Dolgikh
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - M. P. Kirpichnikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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Organization, evolution and functions of the human and mouse Ly6/uPAR family genes. Hum Genomics 2016; 10:10. [PMID: 27098205 PMCID: PMC4839075 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-016-0074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the lymphocyte antigen-6 (Ly6)/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) superfamily of proteins are cysteine-rich proteins characterized by a distinct disulfide bridge pattern that creates the three-finger Ly6/uPAR (LU) domain. Although the Ly6/uPAR family proteins share a common structure, their expression patterns and functions vary. To date, 35 human and 61 mouse Ly6/uPAR family members have been identified. Based on their subcellular localization, these proteins are further classified as GPI-anchored on the cell membrane, or secreted. The genes encoding Ly6/uPAR family proteins are conserved across different species and are clustered in syntenic regions on human chromosomes 8, 19, 6 and 11, and mouse Chromosomes 15, 7, 17, and 9, respectively. Here, we review the human and mouse Ly6/uPAR family gene and protein structure and genomic organization, expression, functions, and evolution, and introduce new names for novel family members.
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25
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Lyukmanova EN, Shulepko MA, Kudryavtsev D, Bychkov ML, Kulbatskii DS, Kasheverov IE, Astapova MV, Feofanov AV, Thomsen MS, Mikkelsen JD, Shenkarev ZO, Tsetlin VI, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Human Secreted Ly-6/uPAR Related Protein-1 (SLURP-1) Is a Selective Allosteric Antagonist of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149733. [PMID: 26905431 PMCID: PMC4764493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SLURP-1 is a secreted toxin-like Ly-6/uPAR protein found in epithelium, sensory neurons and immune cells. Point mutations in the slurp-1 gene cause the autosomal inflammation skin disease Mal de Meleda. SLURP-1 is considered an autocrine/paracrine hormone that regulates growth and differentiation of keratinocytes and controls inflammation and malignant cell transformation. The majority of previous studies of SLURP-1 have been made using fusion constructs containing, in addition to the native protein, extra polypeptide sequences. Here we describe the activity and pharmacological profile of a recombinant analogue of human SLURP-1 (rSLURP-1) differing from the native protein only by one additional N-terminal Met residue. rSLURP-1 significantly inhibited proliferation (up to ~ 40%, EC50 ~ 4 nM) of human oral keratinocytes (Het-1A cells). Application of mecamylamine and atropine,—non-selective inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively, and anti-α7-nAChRs antibodies revealed α7 type nAChRs as an rSLURP-1 target in keratinocytes. Using affinity purification from human cortical extracts, we confirmed that rSLURP-1 binds selectively to the α7-nAChRs. Exposure of Xenopus oocytes expressing α7-nAChRs to rSLURP-1 caused a significant non-competitive inhibition of the response to acetylcholine (up to ~ 70%, IC50 ~ 1 μM). It was shown that rSLURP-1 binds to α7-nAChRs overexpressed in GH4Cl cells, but does not compete with 125I-α-bungarotoxin for binding to the receptor. These findings imply an allosteric antagonist-like mode of SLURP-1 interaction with α7-nAChRs outside the classical ligand-binding site. Contrary to rSLURP-1, other inhibitors of α7-nAChRs (mecamylamine, α-bungarotoxin and Lynx1) did not suppress the proliferation of keratinocytes. Moreover, the co-application of α-bungarotoxin with rSLURP-1 did not influence antiproliferative activity of the latter. This supports the hypothesis that the antiproliferative activity of SLURP-1 is related to ‘metabotropic’ signaling pathway through α7-nAChR, that activates intracellular signaling cascades without opening the receptor channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikhail A. Shulepko
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Kudryavtsev
- Department of Molecular Basics of Neurosignalling, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim L. Bychkov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Kasheverov
- Department of Molecular Basics of Neurosignalling, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V. Astapova
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Morten S. Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D. Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I. Tsetlin
- Department of Molecular Basics of Neurosignalling, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A. Dolgikh
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Wu J, Jiao ZY, Zhang Z, Tang ZH, Zhang HH, Lu HL, Cianflone K. Cross-talk between α7 nAChR-mediated cholinergic pathway and acylation stimulating protein signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: role of NFκB and STAT3. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:335-42. [PMID: 25985797 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key feature in adipose tissue, especially in association with obesity comorbidies. The novel adipokine acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is one factor implicated in the inflammatory response. The disruption of the α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), an important component of the endogenous non-neural cholinergic defense system, may exacerbate sustained inflammatory phenotype. We examined cholinergic regulation of ASP-initiated inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results show that preincubation of 3T3-L1 cells with α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 significantly reduces ASP-mediated chemokine MCP-1 secretion, which is regulated though nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with GTS-21 significantly reduced NFκB activation by DNA binding and STAT3 activation by disturbing post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- a Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhou-yang Jiao
- b Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- c Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhi-hui Tang
- a Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hao-hao Zhang
- d Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hui-ling Lu
- e Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- f Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
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Non-neuronal cholinergic system in regulation of immune function with a focus on α7 nAChRs. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:127-34. [PMID: 25907239 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 1929, Dale and Dudley described the first reported natural occurrence of acetylcholine (ACh) in an animal's body. They identified this ACh in the spleens of horses and oxen, which we now know suggests possible involvement of ACh in the regulation of lymphocyte activity and immune function. However, the source and function of splenic ACh were left unexplored for several decades. Recent studies on the source of ACh in the blood revealed ACh synthesis catalyzed by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in CD4(+) T cells. T and B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) all express all five muscarinic ACh receptor subtypes (mAChRs) and several subtypes of nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs), including α7 nAChRs. Stimulation of these mAChRs and nAChRs by their respective agonists causes functional and biochemical changes in the cells. Using AChR knockout mice, we found that M(1)/M(5) mAChR signaling up-regulates IgG(1) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while α7 nAChR signaling has the opposite effect. These findings suggest that ACh synthesized by T cells acts in an autocrine/paracrine fashion at AChRs on various immune cells to modulate immune function. In addition, an endogenous allosteric and/or orthosteric α7 nAChR ligand, SLURP-1, facilitates functional development of T cells and increases ACh synthesis via up-regulation of ChAT mRNA expression. SLURP-1 is expressed in CD205(+) DCs residing in the tonsil in close proximity to T cells, macrophages and B cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that ACh released from T cells along with SLURP-1 regulates cytokine production by activating α7 nAChRs on various immune cells, thereby facilitating T cell development and/or differentiation, leading to immune modulation.
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Lyukmanova EN, Shulepko MA, Bychkov ML, Shenkarev ZO, Paramonov AS, Chugunov AO, Arseniev AS, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Human SLURP-1 and SLURP-2 Proteins Acting on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Reduce Proliferation of Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma HT-29 Cells. Acta Naturae 2014; 6:60-6. [PMID: 25558396 PMCID: PMC4273093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human secreted Ly-6/uPAR related proteins (SLURP-1 and SLURP-2) are produced by various cells, including the epithelium and immune system. These proteins act as autocrine/paracrine hormones regulating the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes and are also involved in the control of inflammation and malignant cell transformation. These effects are assumed to be mediated by the interactions of SLURP-1 and SLURP-2 with the α7 and α3β2 subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), respectively. Available knowledge about the molecular mechanism underling the SLURP-1 and SLURP-2 effects is very limited. SLURP-2 remains one of the most poorly studied proteins of the Ly-6/uPAR family. In this study, we designed for the first time a bacterial system for SLURP-2 expression and a protocol for refolding of the protein from cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Milligram quantities of recombinant SLURP-2 and its 13C-15N-labeled analog were obtained. The recombinant protein was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and a structural model was developed. A comparative study of the SLURP-1 and SLURP-2 effects on the epithelial cell growth was conducted using human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, which express only α7-nAChRs. A pronounced antiproliferative effect of both proteins was observed. Incubation of cells with 1 μM SLURP-1 and 1 μM SLURP-2 during 48 h led to a reduction in the cell number down to ~ 54 and 63% relative to the control, respectively. Fluorescent microscopy did not reveal either apoptotic or necrotic cell death. An analysis of the dose-response curve revealed the concentration-dependent mode of the SLURP-1 and SLURP-2 action with EC50 ~ 0.1 and 0.2 nM, respectively. These findings suggest that the α7-nAChR is the main receptor responsible for the antiproliferative effect of SLURP proteins in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. N. Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M. A. Shulepko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M. L. Bychkov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Z. O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A. S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A. O. Chugunov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A. S. Arseniev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskii per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - D. A. Dolgikh
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M. P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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