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Kanda P, Gupta A, Dhillon J, Kundapur D, Gottlieb CC. Mesenchymal stem cell based therapies for uveitis: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1845-1854. [PMID: 38600361 PMCID: PMC11226430 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has shown promising results for treating uveitis in preclinical studies. As the field continues to grow towards clinical translation, it is important to review and critically appraise existing studies. Herein, we analysed and critically appraised all preclinical studies using cell therapy or cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for uveitis, and provided insight into mechanisms regulating ocular inflammation. We used PubMed, Medline, and Embase to search for preclinical studies examining stem cell therapy (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells [MSC]) and secreted EVs. All included studies were assessed for quality using the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) checklist. Sixteen preclinical studies from 2011 to 2022 were analysed and included in this review of which 75% (n = 12) focused only on cell therapy, 18.7% (n = 3) studies focused on EVs, and 6.3% (n = 1) study focused on both cells and EVs. MSCs were the most common type of cells used in preclinical studies (n = 15) and EVs were commonly isolated from MSCs (n = 3). Overall, both MSCs and EVs showed improvements in ocular inflammation (seen on fundoscopy/slit lamp and histology) and electroretinogram outcomes. Overall, MSC and MSC-derived EVs shown great potential as therapeutic agents for treating uveitis. Unfortunately, small sample size, risk of selection/performance bias, and lack of standardized cell harvesting or delivery protocols are some factors which limits clinical translation. Large scaled, randomized preclinical studies are required to understand the full potential of MSCs for treating uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Chloe C Gottlieb
- Eye Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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2
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Li B, Zhang M, Chen S, Zhao C, Li X, Zhang X. Small extracellular vesicle-based delivery of interleukin-10 improves treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109936. [PMID: 38763351 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis is an intraocular autoimmune disease mainly characterized by immune dysregulation of the eye, which may cause blindness if not well treated. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a potent cytokine with multiple immunoregulatory functions. However, it's in vivo activity is unstable owing to its inherent protein instability and short plasma half-life. Therefore, our previous research tried to establish IL-10-overexpressing MSC-sEVs (sEVs-IL10) using lentiviral transfection. While this approach indeed improved drug delivery, it also suffered from tedious procedures and limited loading efficiency. Accordingly, we constructed a novel MSC-sEVs-based delivery system for IL-10 (IL-10@sEVs) by sonication. The obtained formulation (IL-10@sEVs) had relatively higher loading efficiency and exerted a more profound immunomodulatory effect than sEVs-IL10 in vitro. Furthermore, IL-10@sEVs had significant therapeutic effects in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) by decreasing the percentage of Th17 cells, increasing regulatory T cells in the eye, and draining lymph nodes. In summary, sonication outperforms conventional transfection methods for loading IL-10 into MSC-sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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3
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Wu KY, Ahmad H, Lin G, Carbonneau M, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1167. [PMID: 37111652 PMCID: PMC10142951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has exhibited rapid growth. Due to their regenerative, reparatory, and immunomodulatory capacities, MSCs have been widely investigated as therapeutic agents in the cell-based treatment of chronic ophthalmic pathologies. However, the applicability of MSC-based therapy is limited by suboptimal biocompatibility, penetration, and delivery to the target ocular tissues. An emerging body of research has elucidated the role of exosomes in the biological functions of MSCs, and that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue repairing, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties similar to MSCs. The recent advances in MSCs-derived exosomes can serve as solutions to the challenges faced by MSCs-therapy. Due to their nano-dimensions, MSC-derived exosomes can rapidly penetrate biological barriers and reach immune-privileged organs, allowing for efficient delivery of therapeutic factors such as trophic and immunomodulatory agents to ocular tissues that are typically challenging to target by conventional therapy and MSCs transplantation. In addition, the use of EVs minimizes the risks associated with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. In this literature review, we focus on the studies published between 2017 and 2022, highlighting the characteristics of EVs derived from MSCs and their biological functions in treating anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of EVs in clinical settings. Rapid advancements in regenerative medicine and exosome-based drug delivery, in conjunction with an increased understanding of ocular pathology and pharmacology, hold great promise for the treatment of ocular diseases. The potential of exosome-based therapies is exciting and can revolutionize the way we approach these ocular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery—Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Hamza Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Grace Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marjorie Carbonneau
- Department of Surgery—Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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4
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Cross Talk between Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Innate Immunocytes Concerning Lupus Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2781-2796. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Matheakakis A, Batsali A, Papadaki HA, Pontikoglou CG. Therapeutic Implications of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases: From Biology to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10132. [PMID: 34576296 PMCID: PMC8468750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are perivascular multipotent stem cells originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) stroma and subsequently in virtually all vascularized tissues. Because of their ability to differentiate into various mesodermal lineages, their trophic properties, homing capacity, and immunomodulatory functions, MSCs have emerged as attractive candidates in tissue repair and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs may be primarily mediated via a number of paracrine-acting soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles that are increasingly being acknowledged as playing a key role in intercellular communication via their capacity to carry and deliver their cargo, consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids to recipient cells. MSC-EVs recapitulate the functions of the cells they originate, including immunoregulatory effects but do not seem to be associated with the limitations and concerns of cell-based therapies, thereby emerging as an appealing alternative therapeutic option in immune-mediated disorders. In the present review, the biology of MSCs will be outlined and an overview of their immunomodulatory functions will be provided. In addition, current knowledge on the features of MSC-EVs and their immunoregulatory potential will be summarized. Finally, therapeutic applications of MSCs and MSC-EVs in autoimmune disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Matheakakis
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Charalampos G. Pontikoglou
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
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Basham HK, Aghoghovwia BE, Papaioannou P, Seo S, Oorschot DE. Delayed Double Treatment with Adult-Sourced Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Striatal Medium-Spiny Neuronal Number, Decreases Striatal Microglial Number, and Has No Subventricular Proliferative Effect, after Acute Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Male Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157862. [PMID: 34360638 PMCID: PMC8346138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of striatal injury. Delayed post-treatment with adult-sourced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) increased the absolute number of striatal medium-spiny neurons (MSNs) following perinatal HI-induced brain injury. Yet extraction of BMSCs is more invasive and difficult compared to extraction of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), which are easily sourced from subcutaneous tissue. Adult-sourced AD-MSCs are also superior to BMSCs in the treatment of adult ischemic stroke. Therefore, we investigated whether delayed post-treatment with adult-sourced AD-MSCs increased the absolute number of striatal MSNs following perinatal HI-induced brain injury. This included investigation of the location of injected AD-MSCs within the brain, which were widespread in the dorsolateral subventricular zone (dlSVZ) at 1 day after their injection. Cells extracted from adult rat tissue were verified to be stem cells by their adherence to tissue culture plastic and their expression of specific ‘cluster of differentiation’ (CD) markers. They were verified to be AD-MSCs by their ability to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes in vitro. Postnatal day (PN) 7/8, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either HI right-sided brain injury or no HI injury. The HI rats were either untreated (HI + Diluent), single stem cell-treated (HI + MSCs×1), or double stem cell-treated (HI + MSCs×2). Control rats that were matched-for-weight and litter had no HI injury and were treated with diluent (Uninjured + Diluent). Treatment with AD-MSCs or diluent occurred either 7 days, or 7 and 9 days, after HI. There was a significant increase in the absolute number of striatal dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32)-positive MSNs in the double stem cell-treated (HI + MSCs×2) group and the normal control group compared to the HI + Diluent group at PN21. We therefore investigated two potential mechanisms for this effect of double-treatment with AD-MSCs. Specifically, did AD-MSCs: (i) increase the proliferation of cells within the dlSVZ, and (ii) decrease the microglial response in the dlSVZ and striatum? It was found that a primary repair mechanism triggered by double treatment with AD-MSCs involved significantly decreased striatal inflammation. The results may lead to the development of clinically effective and less invasive stem cell therapies for neonatal HI brain injury.
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Extracellular Vesicles from Thapsigargin-Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorated Experimental Colitis via Enhanced Immunomodulatory Properties. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020209. [PMID: 33670708 PMCID: PMC7922639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention because of their immunomodulatory properties against immune-mediated, inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrated enhanced immunomodulatory properties of EVs secreted from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer thapsigargin (TSG)-primed human Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs). EVs from TSG-primed WJ-MSCs (TSG-EV) showed increased yield and expression of immunomodulatory factors, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and especially indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), compared to control EVs. TSG-EV showed a significantly enhanced immunosuppressive effect on human peripheral blood-derived T cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 differentiation, whereas Treg and M2-type macrophage were enriched compared to a control EV-treated group. Furthermore, TSG-EV substantially mitigated mouse experimental colitis by reducing the inflammatory response and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. A significant increase of Tregs and M2-type macrophages in colitic colons of a TSG-EV-treated mouse suggests an anti-inflammatory effect of TSG-EV in colitis model, possibly mediated by Treg and macrophage polarization. These data indicate that TSG treatment promoted immunomodulatory properties of EVs from WJ-MSCs, and TSG-EV may provide a new therapeutic approach for treatment of colitis.
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8
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Immune Regulatory Cells in Inflammation, Infection, Tumor, Metabolism, and Other Diseases 2019. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3182198. [PMID: 31772501 PMCID: PMC6854187 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3182198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Li J, Qiu C, Zhang Z, Yuan W, Ge Z, Tan B, Yang P, Liu J, Zhu X, Qiu C, Lai D, Guo L, Yu L. Subretinal Transplantation of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells in the Treatment of Autoimmune Uveitis in Rats. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1504-1514. [PMID: 30168350 PMCID: PMC6180726 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718796196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a featured ocular inflammatory disease, autoimmune uveitis is the major cause of blindness in the clinic. Although current immunosuppressive regimens can alleviate the progression of autoimmune uveitis, they have serious side effects. Therefore, an alternative therapeutic strategy is urgently required. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) on autoimmune uveitis in a rat model. Herein, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced in rats via a subcutaneous injection of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. EAU rats were treated with hAECs or the vehicle solution via a subretinal injection on day 0 and day 6 after immunization, and rats were sacrificed on day 12 and day 18 for further analysis. The pathological development of EAU was evaluated by slit lamp microscopy. Immune cell infiltration and retinal structure damage were examined by histological examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence staining. T-cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). hAEC treatment ameliorated the pathological progression of EAU and preserved the retinal structure organization and thickness, especially in the preventive group that received a subretinal injection on day 0. Moreover, hAECs inhibited the retinal infiltration of macrophages and T-cells. Mechanistically, hAECs modulated the balance of T-cell subsets by downregulating T helper (Th)17 cells and upregulating T regulatory (Treg) cells, as confirmed by decreased interleukin (IL)-17 and increased IL-10 levels in the spleens and lymph nodes of EAU rats. Furthermore, hAECs improved the local cytokine environment in EAU rats by suppressing the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels and enhancing the IL-10 in the aqueous humor. Therefore, subretinal transplantation of hAECs in EAU rats ameliorated ocular inflammation, preserved the retinal structure and coordinated the immune balance. The current study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for autoimmune uveitis and related ocular inflammatory diseases in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Li
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- 4 The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixin Yuan
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- 5 Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Tan
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengjie Yang
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Qiu
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongmei Lai
- 6 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihe Guo
- 7 Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,8 Shanghai iCELL Biotechnology Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyang Yu
- 1 Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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MSC-derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Immune Responses in Two Autoimmune Murine Models: Type 1 Diabetes and Uveoretinitis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1214-1225. [PMID: 28494937 PMCID: PMC5425726 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exert their therapeutic effects in several disease models. We previously demonstrated that MSCs suppress autoimmunity in models of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Therefore, here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs using our established mouse models for autoimmune diseases affecting the pancreas and the eye: T1D and EAU. The data demonstrate that MSC-derived EVs effectively prevent the onset of disease in both T1D and EAU. In addition, the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay with MSC-derived EVs indicated that EVs inhibit activation of antigen-presenting cells and suppress development of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells. These results raise the possibility that MSC-derived EVs may be an alternative to cell therapy for autoimmune disease prevention. MSC-derived EVs prevent the onset of T1D and EAU MSC-derived EVs suppress Th1 and Th17 cell development MSC-derived EVs suppress activation of antigen-presenting cells and T cells
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Fiori A, Terlizzi V, Kremer H, Gebauer J, Hammes HP, Harmsen MC, Bieback K. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells as potential therapy in diabetic retinopathy. Immunobiology 2018; 223:729-743. [PMID: 29402461 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular disease induced by hyperglycemia and subsequent metabolic abnormalities. The resulting cell stress causes a sequela of events that ultimately can lead to severe vision impairment and blindness. The early stages are characterized by activation of glia and loss of pericytes, endothelial cells (EC) and neuronal cells. The integrity of the retinal microvasculature becomes affected, and, as a possible late response, macular edema may develop as a common reason for vision loss in patients with non-proliferative DR. Moreover, the local ischemia can trigger vasoproliferation leading to vision-threating proliferative DR (PDR) in humans. Available treatment options include control of metabolic and hemodynamic factors. Timely intervention of advanced DR stages with laser photocoagulation, intraocular anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or glucocorticoid drugs can reduce vision loss. As the pathology involves cell loss of both the vascular and neuroglial compartments, cell replacement strategies by stem and progenitor cells have gained considerable interest in the past years. Compared to other disease entities, so far little is known about the efficacy and potential mode of action of cell therapy in treatment of DR. In preclinical models of DR different cell types have been applied ranging from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and endothelial progenitor cells to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). The latter cell population can combine various modes of action (MoA), thus they are among the most intensely tested cell types in cell therapy. The aim of this review is to discuss the rationale for using MSC as potential cell therapy to treat DR. Accordingly, we will revise identified MoA of MSCs and speculate how these may support the repair of the damaged retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Fiori
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Terlizzi
- Dept. Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Kremer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Julian Gebauer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Dept. Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany.
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12
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Marzban M, Mousavizadeh K, Bakhshayesh M, Vousooghi N, Vakilzadeh G, Torkaman-Boutorabi A. Effect of Multiple Intraperitoneal Injections of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:312-21. [PMID: 29409311 PMCID: PMC6058183 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.22.5.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) elicit neuroprotective effects, and their repair ability has been investigated in different experimental models. We aimed to investigate the effect of multiple i.p. BM-MSCs injections in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis in mice. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were fed a regular diet or a diet containing cuprizone (0.2% w/w) for six weeks. Bone marrow samples were taken from patients with spinal cord injury. BM-MSCs (2 × 106 in 1 milliliter medium) were administered intraperitoneally for two consecutive weeks at the end of the forth weeks of cuprizone administration. Animals (n = 12) were perfused with 10% paraformaldehyde at the end of sixth week. The brains were sectioned coronally in 6-8-μm thickness (-2.3 to 1.8 mm from bregma). The sections were stained by luxol fast blue-cresyl violet, and images were captured via a microscope. Demyelination ratio was estimated in corpus callosum in a blind manner. A quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the myelin basic protein gene expression at sixth week. Results: Histologically, cuprizone induced demyelination in the corpus callosum. Demyelinated area was diminished in the corpus callosum of cell-administered group. Cuprizone could decrease myelin-binding protein mRNAs expression in corpus callosum, which was significantly recovered after BM-MSCs injections. Conclusion: Our data indicated a remyelination potency of multiple i.p. BM-MSCs in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Marzban
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Bakhshayesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelareh Vakilzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Torkaman-Boutorabi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Bai L, Shao H, Wang H, Zhang Z, Su C, Dong L, Yu B, Chen X, Li X, Zhang X. Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4323. [PMID: 28659587 PMCID: PMC5489510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorated experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) were thought to carry functions of MSCs. In this study, we tested the effect of local administration of human MSC-Exo on established EAU in the same species. Rats with EAU induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein 1177–1191 peptide were treated by periocular injections of increasing doses of MSC-Exo starting at the disease onset for 7 consecutive days. The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. We found that MSC-Exo greatly reduced the intensity of ongoing EAU as their parent cells by reducing the infiltration of T cell subsets, and other inflammatory cells, in the eyes. Furthermore, the chemoattractive effects of CCL2 and CCL21 on inflammatory cells were inhibited by MSC-Exo. However, no inhibitory effect of MSC-Exo on IRBP-specific T cell proliferation was observed. These results suggest that MSC-Exo effectively ameliorate EAU by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells, indicating a potential novel therapy of MSC-Exo for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Chang Su
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xiteng Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.
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14
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Bermudez MA, Sendon-Lago J, Seoane S, Eiro N, Gonzalez F, Saa J, Vizoso F, Perez-Fernandez R. Anti-inflammatory effect of conditioned medium from human uterine cervical stem cells in uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2016; 149:84-92. [PMID: 27381329 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of conditioned medium from human uterine cervical stem cells (CM-hUCESCs) in uveitis. To do that, uveitis was induced in rats after footpad injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccaride (LPS). Human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells after LPS challenge were used to test anti-inflammatory effect of CM-hUCESCs 'ìn vitro'. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interkeukin-6, interkeukin-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and the anti-inflammatory interkeukin-10. Leucocytes from aqueous humor (AqH) were quantified in a Neubauer chamber, and eye histopathological analysis was done with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, using a human cytokine antibody array we evaluated CM-hUCESCs to determine mediating proteins. Results showed that administration of CM-hUCESCs significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines both 'in vitro' and 'in vivo', and decreased leucocytes in AqH and ocular tissues. High levels of cytokines with anti-inflammatory effects were found in CM-hUCESCs, suggesting a possible role of these factors in reducing intraocular inflammation. In summary, treatment with CM-hUCESCs significantly reduces inflammation in uveitis. Our data indicate that CM-hUCESCs could be regarded as a potential therapeutic agent for patients suffering from ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Bermudez
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juan Sendon-Lago
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación con Células Madre Uterinas (FICEMU), 33212, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, and Service of Ophthalmology-IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Jorge Saa
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación con Células Madre Uterinas (FICEMU), 33212, Gijón, Spain; Service of Ophthalmology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Francisco Vizoso
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación con Células Madre Uterinas (FICEMU), 33212, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Roman Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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15
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The critical points in induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 160:140-2. [PMID: 26558361 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune uveitis is a leading cause of visual impairment in developed countries in patients of working age. Animal models of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) have been established to serve as a useful template for novel therapeutic approaches. METHODS Experimental autoimmune uveitis is induced in C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous application of interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein in complete Freund's adjuvant and pertussis toxin. Clinical and histological grading is used to assess the inflammation intensity of EAU. RESULTS The protocol of induction of EAU in mice hides several important aspects, which are crucial for developing the disease. These details have to be addressed to ensure reproducible disease induction. We describe our experience in establishing the model by pointing out the critical steps in EAU protocol which we found important. CONCLUSION The mouse model of EAU has practical value for preclinical studies, is robust and well established. However, the induction of inflammation of the eye can be quite challenging when important details of the protocol are not recognized and adhered to.
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16
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Agadi S, Shetty AK. Concise Review: Prospects of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Status Epilepticus and Chronic Epilepsy. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2093-103. [PMID: 25851047 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear cells (MNCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow and other sources have received significant attention as donor cells for treating various neurological disorders due to their robust neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, it is relatively easy to procure these cells from both autogenic and allogenic sources. Currently, there is considerable interest in examining the usefulness of these cells for conditions such as status epilepticus (SE) and chronic epilepsy. A prolonged seizure activity in SE triggers neurodegeneration in the limbic brain areas, which elicits epileptogenesis and evolves into a chronic epileptic state. Because of their potential for providing neuroprotection, diminishing inflammation and curbing epileptogenesis, early intervention with MNCs or MSCs appears attractive for treating SE as such effects may restrain the development of chronic epilepsy typified by spontaneous seizures and learning and memory impairments. Delayed administration of these cells after SE may also be useful for easing spontaneous seizures and cognitive dysfunction in chronic epilepsy. This concise review evaluates the current knowledge and outlook pertaining to MNC and MSC therapies for SE and chronic epilepsy. In the first section, the behavior of these cells in animal models of SE and their efficacy to restrain neurodegeneration, inflammation, and epileptogenesis are discussed. The competence of these cells for suppressing seizures and improving cognitive function in chronic epilepsy are conferred in the next section. The final segment ponders issues that need to be addressed to pave the way for clinical application of these cells for SE and chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Agadi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, McLane's Children's Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA.,Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
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17
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Klinker MW, Wei CH. Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in experimental animal models. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:556-567. [PMID: 25914763 PMCID: PMC4404391 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells [also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)] are currently being studied as a cell-based treatment for inflammatory disorders. Experimental animal models of human immune-mediated diseases have been instrumental in establishing their immunosuppressive properties. In this review, we summarize recent studies examining the effectiveness of MSCs as immunotherapy in several widely-studied animal models, including type 1 diabetes, experimental autoimmune arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft-vs-host disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, we discuss mechanisms identified by which MSCs mediate immune suppression in specific disease models, and potential sources of functional variability of MSCs between studies.
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18
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Cameron SH, Alwakeel AJ, Goddard L, Hobbs CE, Gowing EK, Barnett ER, Kohe SE, Sizemore RJ, Oorschot DE. Delayed post-treatment with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is neurorestorative of striatal medium-spiny projection neurons and improves motor function after neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:56-72. [PMID: 25828540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a major cause of striatal injury and may lead to cerebral palsy. This study investigated whether delayed administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), at one week after neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia, was neurorestorative of striatal medium-spiny projection neurons and improved motor function. The effect of a subcutaneous injection of a high-dose, or a low-dose, of MSCs was investigated in stereological studies. Postnatal day (PN) 7 pups were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia. At PN14, pups received treatment with either MSCs or diluent. A subset of high-dose pups, and their diluent control pups, were also injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), every 24h, on PN15, PN16 and PN17. This permitted tracking of the migration and survival of neuroblasts originating from the subventricular zone into the adjacent injured striatum. Pups were euthanized on PN21 and the absolute number of striatal medium-spiny projection neurons was measured after immunostaining for DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32), double immunostaining for BrdU and DARPP-32, and after cresyl violet staining alone. The absolute number of striatal immunostained calretinin interneurons was also measured. There was a statistically significant increase in the absolute number of DARPP-32-positive, BrdU/DARPP-32-positive, and cresyl violet-stained striatal medium-spiny projection neurons, and fewer striatal calretinin interneurons, in the high-dose mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) group compared to their diluent counterparts. A high-dose of MSCs restored the absolute number of these neurons to normal uninjured levels, when compared with previous stereological data on the absolute number of cresyl violet-stained striatal medium-spiny projection neurons in the normal uninjured brain. For the low-dose experiment, in which cresyl violet-stained striatal medium-spiny neurons alone were measured, there was a lower statistically significant increase in their absolute number in the MSC group compared to their diluent controls. Investigation of behavior in another cohort of animals showed that delayed administration of a high-dose of bone marrow-derived MSCs, at one week after neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia, improved motor function on the cylinder test. Thus, delayed therapy with a high- or low-dose of adult MSCs, at one week after injury, is effective in restoring the loss of striatal medium-spiny projection neurons after neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia and a high-dose of MSCs improved motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella H Cameron
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amr J Alwakeel
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liping Goddard
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Hobbs
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma K Gowing
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth R Barnett
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah E Kohe
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel J Sizemore
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dorothy E Oorschot
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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19
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Gharibi T, Ahmadi M, Seyfizadeh N, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M. Immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and their role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:113-21. [PMID: 25596473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system (CNS). Although the main cause of MS is not clear, studies suggest that MS is an autoimmune disease which attacks myelin sheath of neurons. There are different therapeutic regimens for MS patients including interferon (IFN)-β, glatiramer acetate (GA), and natalizumab. However, such therapies are not quite effective and are associated with some side effects. So which, there is no complete therapeutic method for MS patients. Regarding the potent immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ameliorative effects in experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE), it seems that MSCs may be a new therapeutic method in MS therapy. MSC transplantation is an approach to regulate the immune system in the region of CNS lesions. In this review, we have tried to discuss about the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and their therapeutic mechanisms in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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