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Asif A, Ishtiaq S, Kamran SH, Youssef FS, Lashkar MO, Ahmed SA, Ashour ML. UHPLC-QTOF-MS Metabolic Profiling of Marchantia polymorpha and Evaluation of Its Hepatoprotective Activity Using Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19037-19046. [PMID: 37273612 PMCID: PMC10233839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marchantia species were traditionally used to treat liver failure. Marchantia polymorpha chloroform extract showed a marked hepatoprotective activity in a dose-dependent manner in paracetamol-induced extensive liver damage in mice. At a dose of 500 mg/kg (MP-500), it resulted in a reduction in aspartate transaminase by 49.44%, alanine transaminase by 44.11%, and alkaline phosphatase by 24.4% with significant elevation in total proteins by 58.69% with respect to the diseased group. It showed significant reductions in total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL, total lipids, and to high density lipoprotein ratio (CH/HDL) by 53.42, 30.14, 35.02, 45.79, 34.74, 41.45, and 49.52%, respectively, together with a 37.69% increase in HDL with respect to the diseased group. It also showed an elevation of superoxide dismutase by 28.09% and in glutathione peroxidase by 81.83% in addition to the reduction of lipid peroxidation by 17.95% as compared to the paracetamol only treated group. This was further supported by histopathological examination that showed normal liver architecture and a normal sinusoidal gap. Metabolic profiling by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) led to the tentative identification of 28 compounds belonging to phenols, quinolones, phenylpropanoid, acylaminosugars, terpenoids, lipids, and fatty acids to which the activity was attributed. Four compounds were detected in the negative ionization mode which are neoacrimarine J, marchantin A, chitobiose, and phellodensin F, while the rest were detected in the positive mode. Thus, it can be concluded that this plant could serve as a valuable choice for the treatment of hepatotoxicity that further consolidated its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Asif
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Manar O. Lashkar
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez
Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Pharmacy
Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Yan L, Luo H, Tang X, Wang H. Cannabinoids inhibit ethanol-induced activation of liver toxicity in rats through JNK/ERK/MAPK signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23260. [PMID: 36453646 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids (CBs) are psychoactive compounds, with reported anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties. The study was aimed at assessing the hepatoprotective effects of CB against ethanol (EtOH)-induced liver toxicity in rats. The animals were divided into seven groups: control (Group I) and Group II were treated with 50% ethanol (EtOH 5 mg/kg). Groups III, IV, and VI were treated with (EtOH + CB 10 mg/kg), (EtOH + CB 20 mg/kg), and (EtOH + CB 30 mg/kg), respectively. Groups V and VII consisted of animals treated with 20 and 30 mg/kg, of CB, respectively. Biochemical analysis revealed that Group IV (EtOH + CB 20 mg/kg) had reduced levels of ALT-alanine transferase, AST-aspartate aminotransferase, ALP-alanine peroxidase, MDA-malondialdehyde and increased levels of GSH-reduced glutathione. Histopathological analysis of liver and kidney tissues showed that EtOH + CB (20 and 30 mg/kg) treated animal groups exhibited normal tissue architecture similar to that of the control group. ELISA revealed that the inflammatory markers were reduced in the animal groups that were treated with EtOH + CB 20 mg/kg, in comparison to the animals treated only with EtOH. The mRNA expression levels of COX-2, CD-14, and MIP-2 showed a remarkable decrease in EtOH + CB treated animal groups to control groups. Western blot analysis revealed that CB downregulated p38/JNK/ERK thereby exhibiting its hepatoprotective property by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Thus, our findings suggest that CB is a potential candidate for the treatment of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Clinical Experimental Centre, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,M.Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia.,Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptide, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaolu Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Inpatient Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zhao L, Mehmood A, Yuan D, Usman M, Murtaza MA, Yaqoob S, Wang C. Protective Mechanism of Edible Food Plants against Alcoholic Liver Disease with Special Mention to Polyphenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051612. [PMID: 34064981 PMCID: PMC8151346 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one type of liver disease, causing a global healthcare problem and mortality. The liver undergoes tissue damage by chronic alcohol consumption because it is the main site for metabolism of ethanol. Chronic alcohol exposure progresses from alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) to alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), which further lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular cancer. Therapeutic interventions to combat ALD are very limited such as use of corticosteroids. However, these therapeutic drugs are not effective for long-term usage. Therefore, additional effective and safe therapies to cope with ALD are urgently needed. Previous studies confirmed that edible food plants and their bioactive compounds exert a protective effect against ALD. In this review article, we summarized the hepatoprotective potential of edible food plants and their bioactive compounds. The underlying mechanism for the prevention of ALD by edible food plants was as follows: anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, lipid regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, gut microbiota composition modulation, and anti-fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6898-4547
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Punjab 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Renggani HD, Hertianti T, Murwanti R. Animal Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease for Hepatoprotective Activity Evaluation. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20214107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The reported statistics suggest that alcoholic liver disease is on the rise. Furthermore, medications used to treat the disease have unpleasant effects, and this necessitates the need to continuously investigate hepatoprotective agents. This study investigates animal models of alcoholic liver disease used to evaluate hepatoprotective activity. Content: A good number of published articles evaluating hepatoprotective activity were summarized. The studies used three ethanol-induced liver injury models: the acute ethanol-induced liver injury model, the chronic ethanol-induced liver injury model, and Lieber– DeCarli model. Summary: Wistar rats were primarily used in the ethanol-induced liver injury model. High levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and histopathological alterations were found in all animal models (acute ethanol-induced liver injury, chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, and Lieber–DeCarli models). Severe steatosis was shown in both chronic ethanol-induced liver injury and Lieber–DeCarli models. However, fibrosis was undetected in all models.
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Ogunmoyole T, Awodooju M, Idowu S, Daramola O. Phyllanthus amarus extract restored deranged biochemical parameters in rat model of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05670. [PMID: 33364479 PMCID: PMC7753912 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus has been exploited for the management of several aliments in folkloric medicine. The present study therefore investigates the restorative potential of its leaves extract on hepatic and renal assault induced by CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Eight groups (I-VIII) containing five animals each were created for the experiments. Group I were fed with normal commercial pellet only, while group II were exposed to single intraperitoneal injection of 3 ml/kg b.w. of CCl4 only. Groups III, IV and V animals were administered 3 ml/kg b/w of CCl4 and treated with 50, 100 mg/kg b. w. of P. amarus and 100 mg/kg b.w of silymarin respectively. Group VI animals were orally exposed to 250 mg/kg b/w of rifampicin only while groups VII and VIII were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg b. w. P. amarus respectively for 14 days after the initial exposure to 250 mg/kg b/w rifampicin . Liver and kidney function tests such as alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, urea and uric acid were determined in the serum and organs homogenates. Moreover, malonidialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) as well as lipid profile were also measured. Results showed that exposure to rifampicin and CCl4 respectively caused a marked derangement in lipid profile as well as decrease in SOD and CAT activity relative to the negative control. Administration of both toxicants also caused a marked increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid and creatine kinase compared to the negative control. Treatment with P. amarus attenuated the toxicity imposed by rifampicin and CCl4 on the liver and kidney in a dose-dependent fashion. All biochemical indices measured were restored to values comparable with animals treated with silymarin. Histopathological results of the hepatic and renal tissues from the various groups of experimental animals gave credence to the curative effects of P. amarus leaf extract on damaged liver and kidney cells. Put together, P. amarus is a potential medicinal plant with similar potency to conventional drugs currently in use for the treatment liver and kidney diseases. Hence, it is a viable therapeutic alternative that can be exploited for the treatment of renal and hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo Ogunmoyole
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Mutiyat Awodooju
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Idowu
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oreoluwa Daramola
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
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Ben Barka Z, Grintzalis K, Polet M, Heude C, Sommer U, Ben Miled H, Ben Rhouma K, Mohsen S, Tebourbi O, Schneider YJ. A combination of NMR and liquid chromatography to characterize the protective effects of Rhus tripartita extracts on ethanol-induced toxicity and inflammation on intestinal cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:347-354. [PMID: 29287261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of ethanol may have severe effects on human organs and tissues and lead to acute and chronic inflammation of internal organs. The present study aims at investigating the potential protective effects of three different extracts prepared from the leaves, root, and stem of the sumac, Rhus tripartita, against ethanol-induced toxicity and inflammation using intestinal cells as a cell culture system, in vitro model of the intestinal mucosa. The results showed an induction of cytotoxicity by ethanol, which was partially reversed by co-administration of the plant extracts. As part of investigating the cellular response and the mechanism of toxicity, the role of reduced thiols and glutathione-S-transferases were assessed. In addition, intestinal cells were artificially imposed to an inflammation state and the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts was estimated by determination of interleukin-8. Finally, a detailed characterization of the contents of the three plant extracts by high resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry revealed significant differences in their chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineb Ben Barka
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry (BCNT), Life Sciences Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), BE1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Konstantinos Grintzalis
- Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry (BCNT), Life Sciences Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), BE1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Madeleine Polet
- Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry (BCNT), Life Sciences Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), BE1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Clement Heude
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Sommer
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hanène Ben Miled
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Khémais Ben Rhouma
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Sakly Mohsen
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tebourbi
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Yves-Jacques Schneider
- Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry (BCNT), Life Sciences Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), BE1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Ozen T, Yildirim K, Toka M. The impacts of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. leaf and fruit aqueous extracts on mice hepatic, extrahepatic antioxidant and drug metabolizing enzymes related structures. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000317095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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You Y, Lee H, Yoon HG, Park J, Kim OK, Kim K, Lee MJ, Lee YH, Lee J, Jun W. A Blend of Extracts from Houttuynia cordata, Nelumbo nucifera, and Camellia sinensis Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage in C57BL/6 Mice. J Med Food 2018; 21:203-206. [PMID: 29356593 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective activity of a mixture of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Nelumbo nucifera G. leaves, and Camellia sinensis seed (HNC) was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. Pretreatment with HNC prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase caused by ethanol-induced hepatic damage. The HNC-treated mice showed significantly lower triglyceride levels, reduced CYP2E1 activity, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities and lipogenic mRNA levels. These results suggest that HNC might be a candidate agent for liver protection against ethanol-induced oxidative damage, through enhancement of antioxidant and antilipogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghee You
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 2 University Industry Liaison Office of CNU, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyunmi Lee
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongjin Park
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 4 Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyungmi Kim
- 5 Department of Biofood Analysis, Korea Bio Polytechnic , Ganggyung, Korea
| | - Min-Jae Lee
- 6 NutriPlan Co., Ltd. , Research Center, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- 7 Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- 8 Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 4 Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
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Reddyvari H, Govatati S, Matha SK, Korla SV, Malempati S, Pasupuleti SR, Bhanoori M, Nallanchakravarthula V. Therapeutic effect of green tea extract on alcohol induced hepatic mitochondrial DNA damage in albino wistar rats. J Adv Res 2017; 8:289-295. [PMID: 28337346 PMCID: PMC5349453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study principally sought to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on hepatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in alcohol receiving rats. MtDNA was isolated from hepatic tissues of albino wistar rats after alcohol treatment with and without GTE supplementation. Entire displacement loop (D-loop) of mtDNA was screened by PCR-Sanger's sequencing method. In addition, mtDNA deletions and antioxidant activity were measured in hepatic tissue of all rats. Results showed increased frequency of D-loop mutations in alcoholic rats (ALC). DNA mfold analysis predicted higher free energy for 15507C and 16116C alleles compared to their corresponding wild alleles which represents less stable secondary structures with negative impact on overall mtDNA function. Interestingly, D-loop mutations observed in ALC rats were successfully restored on GTE supplementation. MtDNA deletions were observed in ALC rats, but intact native mtDNA was found in ALC + GTE group suggesting alcohol induced oxidative damage of mtDNA and ameliorative effect of GTE. Furthermore, markedly decreased activities of glutathione peroxidise, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione content were identified in ALC rats; however, GTE supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) restored these levels close to normal. In conclusion, green tea could be used as an effective nutraceutical against alcohol induced mitochondrial DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hymavathi Reddyvari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515 003, India
| | - Suresh Govatati
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515 003, India
| | - Sumanth Kumar Matha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India
| | - Swapna Vahini Korla
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr BR Ambedkar University, Srikakulam 532 410, India
| | - Sravanthi Malempati
- Department of Biochemistry, Krishna University Dr. MRAR PG Center, Nuzvid 521 201, India
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Advanced Research Centre, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore 524 003, India
| | - Manjula Bhanoori
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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El-Newary SA, Shaffie NM, Omer EA. The protection of Thymus vulgaris leaves alcoholic extract against hepatotoxicity of alcohol in rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:361-371. [PMID: 28552106 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) leaves 70% alcoholic extract against alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats. METHODS The protective effect of T. vulgaris extract was investigated at dose of 500 mg/kg/day (as 0.1 of LD50) orally against alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity using adult male Wister albino rats during 21 days. Protective effect of T. vulgaris extract was evaluated comparing with silymarin standard drug at recommended dose (25 mg/kg/day) orally for 21 days. Serum liver and kidney functions, serum lipid profile, liver antioxidant enzymes activities, liver glutathione concentration (GSH), liver oxidative parameters and histopathological study of liver and kidney were estimated to find out protective effect of T. vulgaris extract. RESULTS Alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats (alcohol-control) showed hepatocytes distortion represented as marked increment on liver biomarkers; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, as well as pronounced reduction on total protein and its fractions albumin and globulin production corresponding to normal ranges. Oxidative stress status was appeared on alcohol-control evident as significant depletion on GSH concentration, antioxidant enzymes activities; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione- S- transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) recorded significant dwindling, concurrence with significant augmentation on oxidative stress parameters; malondyaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations with respect to normal values. Serum lipid profile was affected by alcohol administration, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly reduced, meanwhile high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was raised comparing to normal ranges. Co-administration of T. vulgaris extract with alcohol showed protective effect on hepatocytes manifested as remarkable minimizing on ALP, AST and ALT activities and marked increment on total protein, albumin and globulin production compared to alcohol-control. Amelioration was achieved on oxidative stress status on rats co-administrated T. vulgaris extract with alcohol. Accordingly, antioxidant enzymes activities; CAT, SOD, GR, GST and GPx were significantly magnified, while oxidative stress parameters; MDA and H2O2 concentration were significantly lessened corresponding to alcohol-control. Also, lipid profile was markedly improved and risk ratio was lowered by T. vulgaris extract co-administrated in comparison with alcohol-control. All these obvious results were confirmed by histopathological examination, which illustrated that extract showed normalization of degenerated and fibrotic liver tissue as of alcohol-control. CONCLUSION T. vulgaris extract protected hepatocytes from damaging by alcohol reflecting improvement on liver performance and inhibition of oxidative stress status of liver. T. vulgaris extract appeared hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities on alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats compared to silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A El-Newary
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Center, El-Bouhoths St. Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nermeen M Shaffie
- Pathology Department, Medical Researches Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - E A Omer
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Center, El-Bouhoths St. Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Camellia sinensis L. Extract and Its Potential Beneficial Effects in Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Hepatotoxic, and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030401. [PMID: 28273866 PMCID: PMC6155403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the potential benefits of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase activities of a methanolic extract of fresh tea leaves (FTE) (Camellia sinensis L.). The antioxidant capacity was investigated using three different methods at different temperatures. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied in vitro by the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase assay. The anti-hepatotoxic effect was investigated in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. The anti-tyrosinase activities of the FTE and its principal phenolic compounds were investigated in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) oxidation by a mushroom tyrosinase. A molecular docking study was conducted to determine how the FTE’s principal catechins interact with the tyrosinase. The FTE exhibited the best shelf life at low temperatures and demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase effects compared to positive references. Treatment of rats with the FTE at 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days reversed CCl4-induced oxidative damage in hepatic tissues by lowering the levels of alanine aminotransferase by 69% and malondialdehyde by 90%. Our findings suggest that the FTE has the capacity to scavenge free radicals and can protect against oxidative stress induced by CCl4 intoxication. The docking results were consistent with our in vitro data, indicating the anti-tyrosinase potency of the principal catechins.
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Rameshrad M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of green tea and its main constituents against natural and chemical toxins: A comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:115-137. [PMID: 27915048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxins are natural or chemical poisonous substances with severe side effects on health. Humans are generally exposed by widespread toxic contaminations via air, soil, water, food, fruits and vegetables. Determining a critical antidote agent with extensive effects on different toxins is an ultimate goal for all toxicologists. Traditional medicine is currently perceived as a safe and natural approach against toxins. In this regard, we focused on the protective effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and its main components such as catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate as a principal source of antioxidants against both natural and chemical toxins. This literate review demonstrates that protective effects of green tea and its constituents were mainly attributed to their anti-oxidative, radical scavenging, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties and modulating inflammatory responses. Although, some studies reveal they have protective effects by increasing toxin metabolism and neutralizing PLA2, proteases, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ali MHH, Messiha BAS, Abdel-Latif HAT. Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid, resveratrol, and N-acetylcysteine on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1198-1208. [PMID: 26134756 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Resveratrol (RSV) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are safe representatives of natural and synthetic antioxidants, respectively. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate protective effects of RSV and NAC, compared with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), on experimental NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS NAFLD was induced by feeding rats a methionine choline-deficient diet (MCDD) for four cycles, each of 4 d of MCDD feeding and 3 d of fasting. Animals were divided into normal control, steatosis control, and five treatment groups, receiving UDCA (25 mg/kg/d), RSV (10 mg/kg/d), NAC (20 mg/kg/d), UDCA + RSV, and UDCA + NAC orally for 28 d. Liver integrity markers (liver index and serum transaminases), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glucose, albumin, renal functions (urea, creatinine), lipid profile (total cholesterol; TC, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins; LDL-C, very low density lipoproteins, leptin), and oxidative stress markers (hepatic malondialdehyde; MDA, glutathione; GSH, glutathione-S-transferase; GST) were measured using automatic analyzer, colorimetric kits, and ELISA kits, supported by a liver histopathological study. RESULTS RSV and NAC administration significantly improved liver index (RSV only), alanine transaminase (52, 52%), TNF-α (70, 70%), glucose (69, 80%), albumin (122, 114%), MDA (55, 63%), GSH (160, 152%), GST (84, 84%), TC (86, 86%), LDL-C (83, 81%), and leptin (59, 70%) levels compared with steatosis control values. A combination of RSV or NAC with UDCA seems to ameliorate their effects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION RSV and NAC are effective on NAFLD through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering potentials, where as RSV seems better than UDCA or NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hussein Hassan Ali
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University , Beni-Sueif , Egypt and
| | - Basim Anwar Shehata Messiha
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University , Beni-Sueif , Egypt and
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Physiological changes due to hepatotoxicity and the protective role of some medicinal plants. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Ramachandran B, Jayavelu S, Murhekar K, Rajkumar T. Repeated dose studies with pure Epigallocatechin-3-gallate demonstrated dose and route dependant hepatotoxicity with associated dyslipidemia. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:336-345. [PMID: 28959554 PMCID: PMC5615837 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EGCG (Epigallocatechin-3-gallate) is the major active principle catechin found in green tea. Skepticism regarding the safety of consuming EGCG is gaining attention, despite the fact that it is widely being touted for its potential health benefits, including anti-cancer properties. The lack of scientific data on safe dose levels of pure EGCG is of concern, while EGCG has been commonly studied as a component of GTE (Green tea extract) and not as a single active constituent. This study has been carried out to estimate the maximum tolerated non-toxic dose of pure EGCG and to identify the treatment related risk factors. In a fourteen day consecutive treatment, two different administration modalities were compared, offering an improved [i.p (intraperitoneal)] and limited [p.o (oral)] bioavailability. A trend of dose and route dependant hepatotoxicity was observed particularly with i.p treatment and EGCG increased serum lipid profile in parallel to hepatotoxicity. Fourteen day tolerable dose of EGCG was established as 21.1 mg/kg for i.p and 67.8 mg/kg for p.o. We also observed that, EGCG induced effects by both treatment routes are reversible, subsequent to an observation period for further fourteen days after cessation of treatment. It was demonstrated that the severity of EGCG induced toxicity appears to be a function of dose, route of administration and period of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, 600 036 Chennai, India
| | - Subramani Jayavelu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, 600 036 Chennai, India
| | - Kanchan Murhekar
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, 600 036 Chennai, India
| | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, 600 036 Chennai, India
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