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Bauer AH, Alkhateeb KJ, Agoston AT, Odze RD, Joshi MG, Huffman BM, Enzinger P, Perez K, Deshpande V, Cleary JM, Wee JO, Dong F, Zhao L. Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus Infection in a Minority of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas in North America. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:883-889. [PMID: 38726899 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The role of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a topic of ongoing debate. This study used two screening approaches to look for evidence of HPV infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We initially checked for HPV infection in a randomly selected group of 53 ESCC cases. We did not detect any tumors positive for high-risk HPV. However, during clinical practice, we identified an HPV-positive ESCC in the distal esophagus, which tested positive for HPV16. This index case was TP53 wild-type, as determined by next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS). Since TP53 mutations are rare in other HPV-driven cancers, we improved our screening method by limiting our screen to a subset of ESCC cases without TP53 mutations. A second screen of 95 ESCCs (from 93 patients) sequenced by NGS revealed an additional 7 ESCCs with TP53 wild-type status (7.3% of the total). Of the 7 cases, 2 cases were found to be high-risk HPV positive. Both patients also tested positive for circulating cell-free HPV DNA and had a complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. The index patient had microscopic residual tumor following neoadjuvant therapy. The patient underwent adjuvant immunotherapy and remained disease free after 22 months of surveillance. This study affirms the transcriptionally active status of high-risk HPV in a minority of ESCC patients in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | - Agoston T Agoston
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Megha G Joshi
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Brandon M Huffman
- Beth-Israel Lahey Health, Winchester Hospital, Winchester, MA
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Peter Enzinger
- Beth-Israel Lahey Health, Winchester Hospital, Winchester, MA
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Kimberly Perez
- Beth-Israel Lahey Health, Winchester Hospital, Winchester, MA
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - James M Cleary
- Beth-Israel Lahey Health, Winchester Hospital, Winchester, MA
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Jon O Wee
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Fei Dong
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
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2
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Qu F, Ji C, Wang Y, Zhu R, Hu W, Liu S, Zhao X, Li J, Miao G, Zhang M, Zhang X, Sun Y. Survival benefits of human papillomavirus 16 infection in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing chemoradiotherapy: A retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29592. [PMID: 38587184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The role of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HPV 16 in patients with ESCC and its impact on theirprognosis. HPV 16 was detected using FISH, and TP53 status was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. The factors influencing prognosis were ananalyzed using the Log-rank test and Cox regression analyses. Among 178 patients with ESCC, 105 and 73 patients were categorized into concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and postoperative chemoradiotherapy (POCRT) cohorts, respectively. Among 178 patients, 87 (48.87%) tested positive for HPV 16. Log-rank tests revealed that the overall survival (OS) of patients with ESCC who were HPV 16-positive was longer than that of those who were HPV 16-negative (median OS: 57 months vs. 27 months, p < 0.01**). HPV 16 infection and TP53 mutation status were identified as independent events. The OS of patients with mutant TP53 who were HPV 16-positive was longer than that of those who were HPV 16-negative in both CCRT and POCRT cohorts (p = 0.002** for CCRT cohorts and p = 0.0023** for POCRT cohorts). Conversely, HPV 16 infection had no effect on OS in the wild-type TP53 subgroup (p = 0.13 and 0.052 for CCRT and POCRT cohorts, respectively). As a conclusion, the positive rate of HPV 16 in ESCC in this study was 48.87% (87/178). Among the patients with ESCC who had TP53 mutation, those who were HPV 16-positive exhibited a better prognosis than those who were HPV 16-negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo Miao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Mbatha S, Hull R, Dlamini Z. Exploiting the Molecular Basis of Oesophageal Cancer for Targeted Therapies and Biomarkers for Drug Response: Guiding Clinical Decision-Making. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102359. [PMID: 36289620 PMCID: PMC9598679 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, oesophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of deaths related to cancer and represents a major health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions of the world with the highest incidence and mortality rates for oesophageal cancer and most of the cases of oesophageal cancer in this region are oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The development and progression of OSCC is characterized by genomic changes which can be utilized as diagnostic or prognostic markers. These include changes in the expression of various genes involved in signaling pathways that regulate pathways that regulate processes that are related to the hallmarks of cancer, changes in the tumor mutational burden, changes in alternate splicing and changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs such as miRNA. These genomic changes give rise to characteristic profiles of altered proteins, transcriptomes, spliceosomes and genomes which can be used in clinical applications to monitor specific disease related parameters. Some of these profiles are characteristic of more aggressive forms of cancer or are indicative of treatment resistance or tumors that will be difficult to treat or require more specialized specific treatments. In Sub-Saharan region of Africa there is a high incidence of viral infections such as HPV and HIV, which are both risk factors for OSCC. The genomic changes that occur due to these infections can serve as diagnostic markers for OSCC related to viral infection. Clinically this is an important distinction as it influences treatment as well as disease progression and treatment monitoring practices. This underlines the importance of the characterization of the molecular landscape of OSCC in order to provide the best treatment, care, diagnosis and screening options for the management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikhumbuzo Mbatha
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (Z.D.)
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (Z.D.)
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4
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Hussain S, Rani J, Tulsyan S, Sisodiya S, Chikara A, Nazir SU, Srivastava A, Khan A, Dash NR, Saraya A, Das BC. Influence of HPV infection in esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Pan E, Zhao C, Zhang H, Liu R, Wang S, Pu Y, Yin L. Infection with Human Papillomavirus 18 Promotes Alkylating Agent-Induced Malignant Transformation in a Human Esophageal Cell Line. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1866-1878. [PMID: 34296853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal cancer (EC) has been controversial, which may be caused by the difference in geographic regions of sample origin. Thus, we conducted a case-control study to find that HPV increased the risk of esophageal cancer, and the HPV18 detection rate is the highest (24.2%) among patients with EC, suggesting that HPV18 could be the most risk subtype of HPV infected. We then identified high-risk HPV18 and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) to establish a model on the viral etiology cooperating with environmental carcinogens. Het-1A cells containing HPV18 were continuously exposed to MNNG or not; then the morphological phenotype and function assays were performed in 25th passage cells. MNNG promoted the proliferation and invasion abilities and inhibited apoptosis both in Het-1A-HPV18 and control group. However, the Het-1A-HPV18 had a stronger change in phenotypic features and formed more transformed foci in soft agar. Further, Western blot found p53 and p21 were down-regulated, and expression of c-Myc, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were up-regulated. Our results revealed that MNNG was easier to induce malignant transformation of Het-1A cells transfected with HPV18. It is good evidence for the close relationship between HPV and the etiology of EC, providing foundation for further study in molecular mechanism and specific intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Enchun Pan
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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6
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Geramizadeh B, Mohammadian A, Shojazadeh A, Mohammadzadeh S. P16 and P53 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Brief Report From The Experience of South of Iran, and Review of the Literature. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:2632010X211013821. [PMID: 34095829 PMCID: PMC8142002 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x211013821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Iran is one of the high-risk countries for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported as one of the etiologic, pathogenetic, and prognostic factors in this tumor, especially in high-risk geographic areas. Previous reports from our geographic area, that is, the South of Iran failed to show any evidence of HPV in the cases of ESCC by molecular methods. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated P16 and P53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression in the cases of esophageal ESCC from Fars province in the South of Iran to find the presence of any correlation between clinicopathologic findings with P16 and P53 expression by IHC as etiologic and prognostic biomarkers. We also tried to compare the results from other geographic areas of Iran and the world. Results: P16 and P53 expression were found in 42.9% and 66.12% of ESCCs, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between clinicopathologic findings and P16 pr P53 expression. Conclusion: Although P16 and P53 expression in ESCC in the South of Iran is significant, there is no statistically significant correlation between clinicopathologic findings and outcome in ESCC and expression of these 2 proteins to be considered as biomarkers. Results from other geographic areas of Iran and the world are also very controversial and inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadian
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Shojazadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahand Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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7
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Huang J, Wang X, Zhang X, Chen W, Luan L, Song Q, Wang H, Liu J, Xu L, Xu Y, Shen L, Tan L, Jiang D, Su J, Hou Y. CDK4 Amplification in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated With Better Patient Outcome. Front Genet 2021; 12:616110. [PMID: 33995474 PMCID: PMC8116700 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.616110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic values of CDK4 amplification and improve the risk stratification in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CDK4 amplification was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using tissue microarray consisting of representative tissues of 520 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes were evaluated. CDK4 amplification was found in 8.5% (44/520) of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CDK4 amplification was negatively correlated with disease progression (P = 0.003) and death (P = 0.006). Patients with CDK4 amplification showed a significantly better disease-free survival (P = 0.016) and overall survival (P = 0.023) compared with those patients without CDK4 amplification. When patients were further stratified into I–II stage groups and III–IV stage groups, CDK4 amplification was significantly associated with both better disease-free survival (P = 0.023) and overall survival (P = 0.025) in the I–II stage group rather than the III–IV stage group. On univariate and multivariate analysis, invasive depth and CDK4 amplification were associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. Taken together, CDK4 amplification was identified as an independent prognostic factor for survival, which could be incorporated into the tumor–node–metastasis staging system to refine risk stratification of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Luan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Licheng Shen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieakesu Su
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Synergistic Carcinogenesis of HPV18 and MNNG in Het-1A Cells through p62-KEAP1-NRF2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6352876. [PMID: 33123313 PMCID: PMC7586040 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6352876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is a clear carcinogen, increasing evidence that indicates an etiological role of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. Studies have reported the synergistic effect on environmental carcinogens and viruses in recent years. On the basis of establishing the malignant transformation model of Het-1A cells induced by synergistic of HPV18 and MNNG, this study was to explore the synergistic carcinogenesis of MNNG and HPV. Our research indicated that HPV&MNNG led to a significant increase in the protein-expression levels of c-Myc, cyclinD1, BCL-2, BAX, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, mTOR, LC3II, and p62, with concomitant decreases in p21 and LC3I. HPV18 and MNNG induced accumulation of p62 and its interaction with KEAP1, which promoted NRF2 nuclear translocation. p62 loss prevents growth and increases autophagy of malignant cells by activating KEAP1/NRF2-dependent antioxidative response. In addition, PI3K and p-AKT were stimulated by HPV&MNNG, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR is positively associated with cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy during malignant transformation. Taken together, MNNG&HPV regulates autophagy and further accelerates cell appreciation by activating the p62/KEAP1/NRF2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. MNNG&HPV may improve Het-1A cell autophagy to contribute to excessive cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and protection from oxidative damage, thus accelerating the process of cell malignant transformation and leading to cancerous cells.
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9
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Baş Y, Aker FV, Gönültaş A, Akdeniz R, Turgal E, Çıkrıkçıoğlu MA. Effect of high-risk human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Somalian and Turkish cases. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5556942. [PMID: 31504479 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) in Somalian and Turkish patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the sections obtained from paraffin-embedded blocks, the results of invasive tumor, peripheral tumor dysplasia and normal mucosa were examined. Samples containing 45 and 47 ESCC, 46 and 42 dysplasia in Somalian (n = 52) and Turkish (n = 53) cases, respectively, were included in the study. We examined the presence of 14 types of Hr-HPV in ESCC collected from Somalia and Turkey by Aptima® Panther System. Hr-HPV types were not detected in Somalian cases. p16INK4a is positive in 5 (11.4%) tumors and 6 (13%) dysplasia. p53 is positive in 28 (62.2%) tumors and 35 (76.1%) dysplasia. HPV16-18/45 are positive only in one of the Turkish cases. p16INK4a is positive in 5 (10.6%) tumors and 4 (9.5%) dysplasia. p53 is positive in 31 (63.3%) tumors and 24 (57.1%) dysplasia. No reaction was detected in normal mucosa samples in both countries. This study is regional. Although the findings did not reflect the general population, the present study shows that the effect of HPV on carcinogenesis in Somalian and Turkish ESCC patients was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yılmaz Baş
- Hitit University, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 19300 Çorum, Turkey
| | - Fügen Vardar Aker
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Gönültaş
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raşit Akdeniz
- Hitit University, Department of Pathology, Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, 19300 Çorum, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Somalia Mogadishu-Turkey Education and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Ebru Turgal
- Hitit University, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, 19300 Çorum, Turkey
| | - Makbule Arar Çıkrıkçıoğlu
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Vashisht S, Mishra H, Mishra PK, Ekielski A, Talegaonkar S. Structure, Genome, Infection Cycle and Clinical Manifestations Associated with Human Papillomavirus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 20:1260-1280. [PMID: 31376818 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190802115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A small, non-enveloped, obligatory parasite, Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be the cause of a range of malignancies. These entail benign infections like genital warts as well as malignant, life-threatening conditions such as cervical cancer. Since a very high mortality rate is associated with HPV caused cancers (cervical cancer is a 2nd leading cause of death caused due to cancer among women globally), there is an escalating need to understand and search for ways to combat such medical conditions. Under the same light, the given article provides an insight into the world of this versatile pathogen. Distinct aspects related to HPV have been discussed here. Emphasis has been laid upon the composition, function and assembly of capsid proteins (structural studies) and various genetic elements and their gene products (genomic studies). The essence of the mechanism behind the development of persistent infection and modes responsible for the transmission of the infectious particles has been briefly covered. Finally, the review outlines various infections and diseases caused by HPV with a major focus on their clinical and histological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Vashisht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshita Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Department of Wood Processing, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Ekielski
- Department of Production Management and Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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11
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Wang KL, Chen XL, Lei L, Li P, Hong LL, Huang XC, Mao WM, Mukaisho K, Ling ZQ. Validation study of susceptibility loci for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identified by GWAS in a Han Chinese subgroup from Eastern China. J Cancer 2019; 10:3624-3631. [PMID: 31333779 PMCID: PMC6636302 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) occurs at a relatively high frequency in China and is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that could be associated with ESCC in Chinese patients. This retrospective study aimed to validate the association between these 24 SNPs and ESCC in a Han Chinese subgroup from East China. A total of 2280 and 1900 patients with ESCC (case group) and non-esophageal cancer (control group) were included from a single center. Genotyping of the 24 polymorphisms was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted for every polymorphism. It was found that rs12188136 (P=0.027, OR=1.158, 95% CI=1.016-1.319 for AG/AA) was associated with ESCC. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed a significant negative association of rs875339 in RORA (P=0.014, OR=0.762, 95% CI=0.613-0.947 for TT/CC). Under the dominant model, rs6854472 was slightly associated with ESCC risk (P=0.048, OR=1.192, 95% CI=1.002-1.418). Under the recessive model, a significant negative association was observed for rs875339 (P=0.010, OR=0.758, 95% CI=0.615-0.935). In a word, this large-scale replication study validated that rs12188136 and rs6854472 are associated with ESCC in a Han Chinese subgroup from Eastern China, and that rs875339 is negative associated with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lai Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China
| | - Xiang-Liu Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China
| | - Lan Lei
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lian-Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China
| | - Xian-Chong Huang
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China
| | - Wei-Min Mao
- Department of Thoracic Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Kenichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou 310022, China
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Bognár L, Hegedűs I, Bellyei S, Pozsgai É, Zoltán L, Gombos K, Horváth ÖP, Vereczkei A, Papp A. Prognostic role of HPV infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2018; 13:38. [PMID: 30519280 PMCID: PMC6264038 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-018-0210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study were to evaluate whether HPV infection has a prognostic role in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent oncological treatment and also to compare the heat shock proteins (Hsp) 90, 27 and 16.2 and growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) expression patterns of the pre-treatment tumor biopsies with the HPV status and with the oncological response. Methods Pre-treatment tumor biopsies of 74 patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were processed retrospectively. The presence of HPV was detected by chromogenic in situ hybridization. Hsp and GHRH-R expressions were determined using immunohistochemistry. Following neoadjuvant or definitive radiochemotherapy, the patients were restaged according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The correlation between the HPV status, response to treatment and Hsp and GHRH-R expressions were evaluated. Results Fourteen (19%) patients were HPV-positive. These patients were more likely to respond poorly to multimodal therapy (71.4% were non-responders vs. 28.6% responders) and had shorter survival compared to HPV-negative patients (mean survival of 8 months vs. 11 months), although the difference was not significant. A significantly higher number of HPV-positive patients expressed Hsp 90 and 16.2 at high levels (93 and 79%, respectively) than at low levels (Chi-Square p = 0.019 and p = 0.031). Higher levels of Hsp expressions were associated with poorer response to therapy and worse overall survival. No correlation was found between GHRH-R expression and the HPV status, nor between GHRH-R expression and the treatment response of the examined samples. Conclusions We found that HPV infection was associated with poor response to oncological treatment and decreased overall survival, and therefore proved to be a negative prognostic factor in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. There was a linear correlation between levels of Hsp 90 and 16.2 expression and HPV positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bognár
- 1Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Ifjuság Street 13, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Ivett Hegedűs
- 2Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Bellyei
- 3Department of Oncotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Édesanyák Street 17, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Éva Pozsgai
- 4Department of Primary Health Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Rákóczi Street 2, Pécs, 7623 Hungary
| | - László Zoltán
- 3Department of Oncotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Édesanyák Street 17, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Katalin Gombos
- 5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Örs Péter Horváth
- 1Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Ifjuság Street 13, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - András Vereczkei
- 1Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Ifjuság Street 13, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - András Papp
- 1Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary, Ifjuság Street 13, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
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Hošnjak L, Poljak M. A systematic literature review of studies reporting human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in esophageal carcinoma over 36 years (1982–2017). ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2018. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2018.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Frequency of human papillomavirus infection in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Frequency of human papillomavirus infection in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2018; 83:253-258. [PMID: 29456091 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Cancer is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It has recently been related to viral infections, one of which is human papillomavirus. The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of human papillomavirus infection in patients with digestive system cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted on patients with gastrointestinal cancer at 2public healthcare institutes in Veracruz. Two tumor samples were taken, one for histologic study and the other for DNA determination of human papillomavirus and its genotypes. Anthropometric variables, risk factors, sexual habits, tumor location, and histologic type of the cancer were analyzed. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined using the SPSS version 24.0 program. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were studied. They had gastrointestinal cancer located in: the colon (62.26%), stomach (18.87%), esophagus (7.55%), rectum (7.55%), and small bowel (3.77%). Human papillomavirus was identified in 11.32% of the patients, 66.7% of which corresponded to squamous cell carcinoma and 33.3% to adenocarcinoma. Only genotype 18 was identified. Mean patient age was 61.8±15.2 years, 56.60% of the patients were men, and 43.40% were women. A total of 15.8% of the patients had a family history of cancer and 31.6% had a personal history of the disease, 38.6% were tobacco smokers, and 61.4% consumed alcohol. Regarding sex, 5.3% of the patients said they were homosexual, 3.5% were bisexual, 29.8% engaged in oral sex, and 24.6% in anal sex. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that human papillomavirus infection was a risk factor for the development of gastrointestinal cancer, especially of squamous cell origin.
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Zhu Y, Wen S, Wang M, Lv H, Zhang F, Tian Z. Identification of the key transcription factors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:148-161. [PMID: 29600044 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common human malignancy worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant subtype in China. The tumorigenesis mechanism in ESCC is unclear. The aim of this study was to identify key transcription factors (TFs) in ESCC and elucidate the mechanism of it. Methods A total of ten published microarray datasets of ESCC was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Then, bioinformatics analyses including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, gene ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, TFs-genes regulatory network construction was performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression levels of TFs and DEGs in ESCC. The association between stage and TFs and the association between survival and TFs were evaluated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), respectively. Results A total of 1,248 dysregulated genes were selected as DEGs in ESCC. A total of 26 TFs and corresponding target-genes were identified. The ESCC-specific transcriptional regulatory network was constructed. The network was consisted of 882 edges and 631 nodes. BRCA1, SOX10, ARID3A, ZNF354C and NFIC had the highest connectivity with DEGs, and regulated 92, 89, 82, 79 and 78 DEGs in the network, respectively. All these 1,248 DEGs were significantly enriched in cell cycle, DNA replication and oocyte meiosis pathways. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with our microarray analysis. High expression of SREBF1 and TFAP2A were significantly correlated with the longer overall survival time of patients with ESCC. Conclusions BRCA1, SOX10, ARID3A, ZNF354C and NFIC might be the key TFs in carcinogenesis and development of ESCC by regulating their corresponding target-genes involved in cell cycle, DNA replication and oocyte meiosis pathways. SREBF1 and TFAP2A may be two potential prognostic biomarkers of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Shiwang Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Huilai Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Ziqiang Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
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Kigen G, Busakhala N, Kamuren Z, Rono H, Kimalat W, Njiru E. Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29142587 PMCID: PMC5670732 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential association of environmental and genetic risk factors with this high prevalence. The environmental factors that have been suggested include contamination of food by mycotoxins and/or pesticides, consumption of traditional alcohol (locally referred to “Busaa” and “Chan’gaa”), use of fermented milk (“Mursik”), poor diet, tobacco use and genetic predisposition. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the potential contribution of each of the factors that have been postulated to be associated with the high prevalence of the disease in order to establish the most likely cause. We have done this by analyzing the trends, characteristics and behaviours that are specifically unique in the region, and corroborated this with the available literature. From our findings, the most plausible cause of the high incidence of OC among the Kalenjin community is mycotoxins, particularly fumonisins from the food chain resulting from poor handling of cereals; particularly maize combined with traditional alcohol laced with the toxins interacting synergistically with other high-risk factors such as dietary deficiencies associated alcoholism and viral infections, especially HPV. Urgent mitigating strategies should be developed in order to minimize the levels of mycotoxins in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Naftali Busakhala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Kamuren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hillary Rono
- Kitale County Hospital; London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, P.O. Box 98-30200, Kitale, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Kimalat
- Retired Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Provisional Administration & Internal Security, Office of the President, P. O. Box 28467-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline Njiru
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100 Kenya
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Mirzaei H, Goudarzi H, Eslami G, Faghihloo E. Role of viruses in gastrointestinal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4000-4014. [PMID: 28926109 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a global public health problem, which represent a vast majority of all cancer-caused deaths in both men and women. On the other hand, viral pathogens have been long implicated as etiological factors in the onset of certain human cancers, including gastrointestinal tumors. In this regard, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and John Cunningham Virus (JCV) have been more strongly suggested to be involved in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis; so that, the association of HPV with oropharyngeal and anal cancers and also the association of EBV with gastric cancer have been etiologically confirmed by epidemiological and experimental investigations. Although, the association of other viruses is less evident, but may rely on co-factors for their oncogenic roles. Therefore, to improve the prevention and treatment of these classes of cancer, their association with viral agents as potential risk factors should be investigated with care. In this respect, the present review has focused on the existing literature on the subject of viral involvement in gastrointestinal tumorgenesis, by covering and discussing various gastrointestinal cancers, corresponding viral agents and their oncogenic aspects and then summarizing evidences either supporting or rejecting a causal role of these pathogens in gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibollah Mirzaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Eslami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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HPV infection and p53 and p16 expression in esophageal cancer: are they prognostic factors? Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:54. [PMID: 29046713 PMCID: PMC5640908 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly lethal malignant tumor. Currently, Human papillomavirus (HPV) is suggested as a potential risk factor for esophageal cancer (EC) in addition to the classic risk factors, alcohol and tobacco, but this hypothesis still remains contradictory. We sought to investigate wether HPV and well-known biomarkers (p16 and p53) and patient-related factors that may have impact on survival of ESCC. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study. By using multiplex PCR, we determined the prevalence of high risk HPV in ESCC, and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of p16 and p53, molecular markers related to esophageal carcinogenesis in order to verify the potential influence of these variables in patients’s survival. Survival rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. A multivariate confirmatory model was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Twelve (13.8%) of 87 patients were HPV-DNA positive. Positive reactions of p16 and p53 were 10.7% and 68.6%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that men (p = 0.025) had poor specific-cancer survival and a shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.050) as compared to women; III or IV clinical stage (p < 0.019) had poor specific-cancer survival and a shorter progression-free survival (p < 0.001) compared to I and II clinical stage; not submitted to surgery (<0.001) and not submitted to chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.039) had a poor specific-cancer survival, as well. The multivariate analysis showed that HPV, p16 and p53 status are not predictive parameters of progression-free and specific-cancer survival. Conclusion HPV infection and p53 and p16 expression are not prognostic factors in ESCC.
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20
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Odera JO, Odera E, Githang’a J, Walong EO, Li F, Xiong Z, Chen XL. Esophageal cancer in Kenya. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASE 2017; 4:23-33. [PMID: 29082268 PMCID: PMC5659304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Kenya belongs to a high incidence region known as Africa's esophageal cancer (EC) corridor. It has one of the highest incidence rates of EC worldwide, but research on EC in Kenya has gone highly unnoticed. EC in Kenya is unique in its high percentage of young cases (< 30 years of age). In this review, we show the current status of EC in the country. We mainly focus on significant risk factors such as alcohol drinking, genetic factors, malnutrition and hot food/drink. Future directions in the study and prevention of EC in Kenya are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joab Otieno Odera
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham 27707, NC, USA
- Integrated Biosciences PhD Program, North Carolina Central University, Durham 27707, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Odera
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 19676, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
| | - Jessie Githang’a
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 19676, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
| | - Edwin Oloo Walong
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 19676, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
| | - Fang Li
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham 27707, NC, USA
- Department of Dentistry, Dalian University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Xiong
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham 27707, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Luke Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham 27707, NC, USA
- Center for Esophageal Disease and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27519, NC, USA
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Herrmann E, Mertineit N, De Bari B, Hoeng L, Caparotti F, Leiser D, Jumeau R, Cihoric N, Jensen AD, Aebersold DM, Ozsahin M. Outcome of proximal esophageal cancer after definitive combined chemo-radiation: a Swiss multicenter retrospective study. Radiat Oncol 2017; 12:97. [PMID: 28615060 PMCID: PMC5470205 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-017-0834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To report oncological outcomes and toxicity rates, of definitive platin-based chemoradiadiationtherapy (CRT) in the management of proximal esophageal cancer. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with cT1-4 cN0-3 cM0 cervical esophageal cancer (CEC) (defined as tumors located below the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage, down to 22 cm from the incisors) treated between 2004 and 2013 with platin–based definitive CRT in four Swiss institutions. Acute and chronic toxicities were retrospectively scored using the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0 (CTCAE-NCI v.4.0). Primary endpoint was loco-regional control (LRC). We also evaluated overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates. The influence of patient- and treatment related features have been calculated using the Log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results We enrolled a total of 55 patients. Median time interval from diagnosis to CRT was 78 days (6–178 days). Median radiation dose was 56Gy (28–72Gy). Induction chemotherapy (ICHT) was delivered in 58% of patients. With a median follow up of 34 months (6–110months), actuarial 3-year LRC, DFS and OS were 52% (95% CI: 37–67%), 35% (95% CI: 22–50%) and 52% (95% CI: 37–67%), respectively. Acute toxicities (dysphagia, pain, skin-toxicity) ranged from grade 0 – 4 without significant dose-dependent differences. On univariable analyses, the only significant prognostic factor for LRC was the time interval > 78 days from diagnosis to CRT. On multivariable analysis, total radiation dose >56Gy (p <0.006) and ICHT (p < 0.004) were statistically significant positive predictive factors influencing DFS and OS. Conclusion Definitive CRT is a reliable therapeutic option for proximal esophageal cancer, with acceptable treatment related toxicities. Higher doses and ICHT may improve OS and DFS and. These findings need to be confirmed in further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Herrmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nando Mertineit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Berardino De Bari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Radiation Oncology Department, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Laura Hoeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Caparotti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Leiser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Jumeau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cihoric
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra D Jensen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Ozsahin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Guo L, Liu S, Zhang S, Chen Q, Zhang M, Quan P, Sun XB. Human papillomavirus-related esophageal cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5318. [PMID: 27861358 PMCID: PMC5120915 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified to be related to progression of esophageal cancer. However, the results remain controversial. A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies was therefore conducted to address this issue. METHODS The electronic databases of MEDLINE and Excerpta Medica database were searched till April 30, 2016. Study-specific risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Ten studies involving a total of 1184 esophageal cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled hazard ratio comparing HPV-positive to HPV-negative esophageal cancers was 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.37), which was not significantly correlated with improved survival. However, HPV-16-positive patients might have a significantly favorable survival (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.44-1.21). CONCLUSION The meta-analysis indicated that HPV infection may not be of prognostic utility in the evaluation of factors contributing to esophageal cancer. Further large prospective studies are encouraged to stratify survival analysis by HPV type.
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Kim R, Keam B, Kwon D, Ock CY, Kim M, Kim TM, Kim HJ, Jeon YK, Park IK, Kang CH, Kim DW, Kim YT, Heo DS. Programmed death ligand-1 expression and its prognostic role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8389-8397. [PMID: 27729745 PMCID: PMC5055869 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression and prognostic role of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS A total of 200 patients with ESCC who underwent radical esophagectomy with standard lymphadenectomy as the initial definitive treatment in Seoul National University Hospital from December 2000 to April 2013 were eligible for this analysis. Tissue microarrays were constructed by collecting tissue cores from surgical specimens, and immunostained with antibodies directed against PD-L1, p16, and c-Met. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to assess clinical outcomes. Patients were divided into two groups by PD-L1 status, and significant differences in clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups were assessed.
RESULTS Tumor tissues from 67 ESCC patients (33.5%) were PD-L1-positive. Positive p16 expression was observed in 21 specimens (10.5%). The H-score for c-Met expression was ≥ 50 in 42 specimens (21.0%). Although PD-L1-positivity was not significantly correlated with any clinical characteristics including age, sex, smoking/alcoholic history, stage, or differentiation, H-scores for c-Met expression were significantly associated with PD-L1-positivity (OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.16-4.72, P = 0.017). PD-L1 expression was not significantly associated with a change in overall survival (P = 0.656). In contrast, the locoregional relapse rate tended to increase (P = 0.134), and the distant metastasis rate was significantly increased (HR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.01-2.79, P = 0.028) in patients with PD-L1-positive ESCC compared to those with PD-L1-negative ESCC.
CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with c-Met expression in ESCC. PD-L1 may play a critical role in distant failure and progression of ESCC.
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Sznurkowski JJ, Żawrocki A, Biernat W. The overexpression of p16 is not a surrogate marker for high-risk human papilloma virus genotypes and predicts clinical outcomes for vulvar cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:465. [PMID: 27411473 PMCID: PMC4944532 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the correlation between p16ink4a-overexpression and high risk (hr)HPV-DNA in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) tumors as well as the impact of both biomarkers on the prognosis of vSCC patients. Methods PCR-detection of (hr)HPV-DNA and immunohistochemical staining for p16ink4a were conducted in 85 vSCC tumors. Survival analyses included the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results p16ink4a-overexpression and (hr)HPV-DNA were detected in 35 and 37 of the 85 tumors, respectively. Among the 35 p16ink4a-positive tumors, 10 lacked (hr)HPV-DNA (29 %). Among the 50 p16ink4a-negative tumors, (hr)HPV-DNA was detected in 12 cases (24 %). The median follow-up was 89.20 months (range 1.7–189.5 months). P16ink4a-overexpression, but not (hr)HPV-DNA positivity of the primary tumor, was correlated with prolonged overall survival (OS) (p = 0.009). P16ink4a-overexpression predicted a better response to radiotherapy (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis has demonstrated that age (p = 0.025), tumor grade (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), FIGO stage (p < 0.001), p16ink4a-overexpression (p = 0.022), and adjuvant RTX (p < 0.001) were prognostic factors for OS. Multivariate analysis has demonstrated that lymph node metastasis (HR 1–2.74, 95 % CI 1.50–5.02, p = 0.019), tumor grade (HR 1–2.80, 95 % CI 1.33–5.90, p = 0.007) and p16ink4a-overexpression (HR 1–2.11, 95 % CI 1.13–3.95, p = 0.001) are independent prognostic factors. Conclusion The discovered overlap suggests the use of p16ink4a in combination with HPV-DNA detection as an ancillary test for future research and clinical studies in vSCC. The prognostic and predictive value of p16ink4a-overexpression should be tested in larger cohort studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2503-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek J Sznurkowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anton Żawrocki
- Department of Pathology, The Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathology, The Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
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Halec G, Schmitt M, Egger S, Abnet CC, Babb C, Dawsey SM, Flechtenmacher C, Gheit T, Hale M, Holzinger D, Malekzadeh R, Taylor PR, Tommasino M, Urban MI, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Sitas F. Mucosal alpha-papillomaviruses are not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas: Lack of mechanistic evidence from South Africa, China and Iran and from a world-wide meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:85-98. [PMID: 26529033 PMCID: PMC5772872 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence on the causative role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unclear. We retrieved alcohol- and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ESCC tissues from 133 patients seropositive for antibodies against HPV early proteins, from high-incidence ESCC regions: South Africa, China and Iran. With rigorous care to prevent nucleic acid contamination, we analyzed these tissues for the presence of 51 mucosotropic human alpha-papillomaviruses by two sensitive, broad-spectrum genotyping methods, and for the markers of HPV-transformed phenotype: (i) HPV16/18 viral loads by quantitative real-time PCR, (ii) type-specific viral mRNA by E6*I/E6 full-length RT-PCR assays and (iii) expression of cellular protein p16(INK4a). Of 118 analyzable ESCC tissues, 10 (8%) were positive for DNA of HPV types: 16 (4 tumors); 33, 35, 45 (1 tumor each); 11 (2 tumors) and 16, 70 double infection (1 tumor). Inconsistent HPV DNA+ findings by two genotyping methods and negativity in qPCR indicated very low viral loads. A single HPV16 DNA+ tumor additionally harbored HPV16 E6*I mRNA but was p16(INK4a) negative (HPV16 E1 seropositive patient). Another HPV16 DNA+ tumor from an HPV16 E6 seropositive patient showed p16(INK4a) upregulation but no HPV16 mRNA. In the tumor tissues of these serologically preselected ESCC patients, we did not find consistent presence of HPV DNA, HPV mRNA or p16(INK4a) upregulation. These results were supported by a meta-analysis of 14 other similar studies regarding HPV-transformation of ESCC. Our study does not support the etiological role of the 51 analyzed mucosotropic HPV types in the ESCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Halec
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Markus Schmitt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sam Egger
- Cancer Council NSW, Cancer Research Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chantal Babb
- National Health Laboratory Service, NHLS/MRC Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Hale
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Margaret I Urban
- National Health Laboratory Service, NHLS/MRC Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Cancer Council NSW, Cancer Research Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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26
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p53 expression but not p16(INK4A) correlates with human papillomavirus-associated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kazakh population. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:19. [PMID: 27076841 PMCID: PMC4830030 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p16INK4A expression has been used as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical cancer and head and neck cancer. p53 has also been reported as a feasible marker to identify HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma and penile lesions. This study aimed to investigate p16INK4A and p53 expression levels and their correlation with HPV status and clinical parameters in Kazakh patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4A and p53 were evaluated in 163 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kazakh patients. The presence of HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results p16INK4A-positive expression was detected in 19.0 % of patients, and its expression was significantly correlated with a lower frequency of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.038). By contrast no significant association was found between p16INK4A-positive expression and HPV status (correlation coefficient = -0.062, p = 0.499). p16INK4A-positive expression did not affect the odds of tumors being HPV positive (odds ratio [OR] = 0.727 with 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.288–1.836). The sensitivity of p16INK4A-positive expression as an HPV marker was 0.164, with a specificity of 0.788 and a positive predictive value of 0.391. p53-positive expression was present in 88.3 % of all cases. Although no significant correlation with available clinical parameters was found, a significantly inverse correlation was observed between p53 expression and HPV status (correlation coefficient = -0.186, p = 0.039). Moreover, p53-positive expression decreased the odds of tumors being HPV positive (OR = 0.292 with 95 % CI = 0.086–0.990). The sensitivity of p53-negative expression as an HPV marker was 0.179, with a specificity of 0.940 and a positive predictive value of 0.714. The overall HPV prevalence was high (45.5 %) in Kazakh patients, with no significant association between HPV positivity and available clinical parameters or combined p16INK4A/p53 expression. Conclusions p16INK4A-positive expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Results indicate that p53-negative expression and not p16INK4A-positive expression may be used as a marker for HPV status in ESCC; however, this finding requires further studies for validation.
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González-Plaza JJ, Hulak N, García-Fuentes E, Garrido-Sánchez L, Zhumadilov Z, Akilzhanova A. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): Advances through omics technologies, towards ESCC salivaomics. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 9:247-57. [PMID: 26370523 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the two main subtypes of oesophageal cancer, affecting mainly populations in Asia. Though there have been great efforts to develop methods for a better prognosis, there is still a limitation in the staging of this affection. As a result, ESCC is detected at advances stages, when the interventions on the patient do not have such a positive outcome, leading in many cases to recurrence and to a very low 5-year survival rate, causing high mortality. A way to decrease the number of deaths is the use of biomarkers that can trace the advance of the disease at early stages, when surgical or chemotherapeutic methodologies would have a greater effect on the evolution of the subject. The new high throughput omics technologies offer an unprecedented chance to screen for thousands of molecules at the same time, from which a new set of biomarkers could be developed. One of the most convenient types of samples is saliva, an accessible body fluid that has the advantage of being non-invasive for the patient, being easy to store or to process. This review will focus on the current status of the new omics technologies regarding salivaomics in ESCC, or when not evaluated yet, the achievements in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José González-Plaza
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, PI "National Laboratory Astana", AOE "NazarbayevUniversity"
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28
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Dong HC, Cui XB, Wang LH, Li M, Shen YY, Zhu JB, Li CF, Hu JM, Li SG, Yang L, Zhang WJ, Chen YZ, Li F. Type-specific detection of human papillomaviruses in Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by genotyping both E6 and L1 genes with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13156-13165. [PMID: 26722514 PMCID: PMC4680459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have suggested a relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, findings are inconclusive, potentially because of geographic heterogeneity and variations in detection methods. OBJECTIVES We sought to further investigate the prevalence of HPV with a new detection method, the MassARRAY Sequenom technique, in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas occurring in patients belonging to Kazakh populations in Xinjiang, China. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, a novel genotyping method for detecting 30 HPV genotypes, specifically by genotyping both the HPV E6 and L1 genes with multiplex PCR using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (PCR-MS) was first adopted to evaluate HPV genotypes in 89 esophageal cancer samples and 49 matched adjacent normal esophageal tissues. RESULTS Six HPV genotypes (HPV6, HPV16, HPV33, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV82) were present in at least 51.7% of the esophageal carcinoma tissues, which was significantly greater than 28.6% prevalence among controls (P < 0.05). HPV16 was the most common of all the genotypes investigated (HPV16 prevalence in carcinoma tissue: 49.4%; odds ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.39-6.53). HPV-positive ESCC patients were generally younger than HPV-negative patients (P = 0.04). In addition, HPV infection was more common in cases of well-differentiated and shallower invasive depth. CONCLUSIONS Based on this new detection method, our findings reiterate the possibility that HPV infection (especially HPV16) may be involved in the etiology of esophageal carcinoma in the Kazakh populations and that HPV E6 gene positivity may be associated with prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang-Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yao-Yuan Shen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shu-Gang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Medicine and Health Management Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
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29
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Wang C, Guan S, Chen X, Liu B, Liu F, Han L, Un Nesa E, Song Q, Bao C, Wang X, Cheng Y. Clinical potential of miR-3651 as a novel prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015. [PMID: 26210449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulated microRNA-3651(miR-3651) is involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the expression of miR-3651 in esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC) and its relationship with tumor progression and clinical prognosis. The expression level of miR-3651 was examined by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in fresh ESCC tissues and FFPE tissues. The correlation between miR-3651 expression and clinical features and prognosis were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the miR-3651 expression was significantly down-regulated in tumor tissues compared with the paracancerous tissues. Moreover, miR-3651 expression was negatively correlated with T stage of ESCC (P = 0.022) and tumor length (P = 0.015). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that low miR-3651 expression level was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (P = 0.004) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified miR-3651 expression as independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, resp.). Further stratified analysis revealed the significant association between low miR-3651 expression and worse survival in early patients, but not in the advanced patients. Taken together, miR-3651 was down-regulated in cancerous tissues of ESCC. It may play an important role in cancer progression and could be used as an independent prognostic biomarker for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Shanghui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Image, Shandong Medical College, Jinan, Shandong, 250002, PR China
| | - Lihui Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Effat Un Nesa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Qingxu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Cihang Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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Ludmir EB, Stephens SJ, Palta M, Willett CG, Czito BG. Human papillomavirus tumor infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:287-95. [PMID: 26029456 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been recognized for over three decades. Recently, multiple meta-analyses have drawn upon existing literature to assess the strength of the HPV-ESCC linkage. Here, we review these analyses and attempt to provide a clinically-relevant overview of HPV infection in ESCC. HPV-ESCC detection rates are highly variable across studies. Geographic location likely accounts for a majority of the variation in HPV prevalence, with high-incidence regions including Asia reporting significantly higher HPV-ESCC infection rates compared with low-incidence regions such as Europe, North America, and Oceania. Based on our examination of existing data, the current literature does not support the notion that HPV is a prominent carcinogen in ESCC. We conclude that there is no basis to change the current clinical approach to ESCC patients with respect to tumor HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Ludmir
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah J Stephens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manisha Palta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher G Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brian G Czito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Wang WL, Wang YC, Lee CT, Chang CY, Lo JL, Kuo YH, Hsu YC, Mo LR. The impact of human papillomavirus infection on the survival and treatment response of patients with esophageal cancers. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:256-63. [PMID: 25708698 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the prognosis and treatment response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS We examined the presence and subtypes of HPV in the tumors by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing in 150 ESCC patients. Their clinicopathological characteristics, treatment response and survival were further analyzed according to the presence of HPV infection. RESULTS Of 150 ESCC tumor samples, 27 (18.0%) were HPV-positive, of which 22 (81.5%) had HPV-16 infection. The risk of developing multifocal ESCC was not significantly different in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups (29.6% vs 28.5%, P = 0.90). In subgroup analysis, patients with HPV-16-positive advanced ESCC had a significantly better survival than those with HPV-negative ESCC (3-year survival: 55% vs 21%, log-rank P = 0.03). Cox proportional hazards model showed that the presence of HPV-16 was associated with a significant reduction in the mortality rate (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.96). Patients with HPV-16 infection had better response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) than those without HPV-16 infection (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced ESCC, HPV-16-positive patients had a significantly favorable survival, especially those who received CRT. Larger scale studies are needed to determine the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Ching-Tai Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Chi-Yang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Jo-Lin Lo
- Department of Oncology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Yao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Yao-Chun Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Lein-Ray Mo
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most prevalent malignant tumor and the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality throughout the world. Despite the technical developments in diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate is still low. The etiology of EC remains poorly understood; multiple risk factors may be involved and account for the great variation in EC incidence in different geographic regions. SUMMARY Infection with carcinogenetic pathogens has been proposed as a risk factor for EC. This review explores the recent studies on the association of human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Helicobacter pylori and esophageal bacterial biota with EC. KEY MESSAGE Among the above-mentioned pathogens, HPV most likely contributes to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk populations. New techniques are being applied to studies on the role of infection in EC, which will inevitably bring novel ideas to the field in the near future. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Multiple meta-analyses support the finding of a higher HPV detection rate in regions associated with high risk for ESCC compared to low-risk areas. A potential role of HPV in the rise of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) was proposed recently. However, further studies are required before a firm conclusion can be drawn. Less work has been done in studying the association between EBV and ESCC, and the results are quite controversial. H. pylori infection is found to be inversely related to EC, which is probably due to the reduced incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Analysis of the esophageal bacterial biota revealed distinct clusters of bacteria in normal and diseased esophagi. A type II microbiome rich in Gram-negative bacteria potentially contributes to EAC by inducing chronic inflammation. Novel findings from such studies as these may benefit public health by justifying anti-infection measures to prevent EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Xu
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongshu Liu
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Quncha Bao
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikan Qian
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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