1
|
Rivas M, Debnath S, Giri S, Noffel YM, Sun X, Gevorgyan V. One-Pot Formal Carboradiofluorination of Alkenes: A Toolkit for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Probe Development. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19265-19273. [PMID: 37625118 PMCID: PMC10760797 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first one-pot formal alkene carboradiofluorination reaction employing easily accessible alkenes as both prosthetic group precursors and coupling partners. The methodology features rapid sequential Markovnikov-selective iodofluorination and photoinduced Pd(0/I/II)-catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction as a mild and robust fluorine-18 (18F) radiochemical approach for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe development. A new class of prosthetic groups for PET imaging probe synthesis was isolated as iodofluorinated intermediates in moderate to excellent yields. The one-pot formal alkenylfluorination reaction was carried out to produce over 30 analogues of a wide range of bioactive molecules. Further application of the Pd(0/I/II) manifold in PET probe development was illustrated by the direct carbo(radio)fluorination of electron-rich alkenes. The methods were successfully translated to radiolabel a broad scope of medicinally relevant small molecules in generally good radiochemical conversion. The protocol was further optimized to accommodate no-carrier-added conditions with similar efficiency for future (pre)clinical translation. Moreover, the radiosynthesis of prosthetic groups was automated in a radiochemistry module to facilitate its practical use in multistep radiochemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sashi Debnath
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sachin Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yusuf M Noffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji L, Fang Y, Tang J, Liu C, Huang C, Hu Q, Li Q, Chen Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 18F-labelled dopamine D 3 receptor selective ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 62:128630. [PMID: 35182773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is highly expressed in the limbic regions of the brain and closely related to a variety of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and drug-seeking behavior. In vivo imaging of D3R with radio-labelled tracers and positron emission tomography (PET) has become a powerful technique in related disorders. In this study, we synthesized three novel aromatically 18F-labelled phenylpiperazine-like D3R selective radioactive ligands ([18F]5b, [18F]8b and [18F]11b) and developed a simple, rapid and efficient 18F-labelling method by condition optimization. Radiosynthesis of [18F]5b, [18F]8b and [18F]11b was achieved by 18F-fluorination from nitroarene precursors. Final radiochemical purities of [18F]5b, [18F]8b and [18F]11b solution were > 99% and remained good stability (> 98% for up to 6 h) in PBS and FBS. PET imaging and cellular binding studies revealed that [18F]8b had a higher D3R affinity than [18F]5b and [18F]11b. Autoradiography and biodistribution studies of the brain showed that [18F]8b had medium intensity specific accumulation in the striatum and cortex. Meanwhile, the low skeletal uptake of [18F]8b revealed a good in vivo stability with negligible defluorination. These results indicated that [18F]8b might be a potential 18F-labelled D3R PET imaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Caiyun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Qianyue Hu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qingming Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Baeyer-Villiger oxidation tuned to chemoselective conversion of non-activated [18
F]fluorobenzaldehydes to [18
F]fluorophenols. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:380-392. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
5
|
Conversion of iodine to fluorine-18 based on iodinated chalcone and evaluation for β-amyloid PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3352-3358. [PMID: 29751990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the amyloid cascade hypothesis, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is one of the major pathological biomarkers in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. We report the synthesis and evaluation of novel radiofluorinated chalcones, [18F]4-dimethylamino-4'-fluoro-chalcone ([18F]DMFC) and [18F]4'-fluoro-4-methylamino-chalcone ([18F]FMC), as Aβ imaging probes. The conversion of iodine directly introduced to the chalcone backbone into fluorine was successfully carried out by 18F-labeling via the corresponding boronate precursors, achieving the direct introduction of fluorine-18 into the chalcone backbone to prepare [18F]DMFC and [18F]FMC. In a biodistribution study using normal mice, [18F]DMFC and [18F]FMC showed a higher initial uptake (4.43 and 5.47% ID/g at 2 min postinjection, respectively) into and more rapid clearance (0.52 and 0.66% ID/g at 30 min postinjection, respectively) from the brain than a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved Aβ imaging agent ([18F]Florbetapir), meaning the improvement of the probability of detecting Aβ plaques and the reduction of non-specific binding in the brain. In the in vitro binding studies using aggregates of recombinant Aβ peptides, [18F]DMFC and [18F]FMC showed high binding affinity to recombinant Aβ aggregates at the Kd values of 4.47 and 6.50 nM, respectively. In the in vitro autoradiography (ARG) experiment with AD brain sections, [18F]DMFC and [18F]FMC markedly accumulated only in a region with abundant Aβ plaques, indicating that they clearly recognized human Aβ plaques in vitro. These encouraging results suggest that [18F]DMFC and [18F]FMC may be promising PET probes for the detection of an amyloid pathology and the early diagnosis of AD with marked accuracy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vatsadze SZ, Eremina OE, Veselova IA, Kalmykov SN, Nenajdenko VG. 18F-Labelled catecholamine type radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroendocrine tumours: approaches to synthesis and development prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Pike VW. Hypervalent aryliodine compounds as precursors for radiofluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:196-227. [PMID: 28981159 PMCID: PMC10081107 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades or so, hypervalent iodine compounds, such as diaryliodonium salts and aryliodonium ylides, have emerged as useful precursors for labeling homoarenes and heteroarenes with no-carrier-added cyclotron-produced [18 F]fluoride ion (t1/2 = 109.8 min). They permit rapid and effective radiofluorination at electron-rich as well as electron-deficient aryl rings, and often with unrestricted choice of ring position. Consequently, hypervalent aryliodine compounds have found special utility as precursors to various small-molecule 18 F-labeling synthons and to many radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography. This review summarizes this advance in radiofluorination chemistry, with emphasis on precursor synthesis, radiofluorination mechanism, method scope, and method application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jalilian AR, Osso JA. Production, applications and status of zirconium-89 immunoPET agents. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Rötering S, Scheunemann M, Günther R, Löser R, Hiller A, Dan Peters, Brust P, Fischer S, Steinbach J. Tos-Nos-Mos: Synthesis of different aryl sulfonate precursors for the radiosynthesis of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor radioligand [18F]NS14490. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 114:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Preshlock S, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. (18)F-Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes for Applications in Positron Emission Tomography. Chem Rev 2016; 116:719-66. [PMID: 26751274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diverse radiochemistry is an essential component of nuclear medicine; this includes imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). As such, PET can track diseases at an early stage of development, help patient care planning through personalized medicine and support drug discovery programs. Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in PET radiopharmaceuticals for both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.8 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy) and high specific activity make it an attractive nuclide for labeling and molecular imaging. Arenes and heteroarenes are privileged candidates for (18)F-incorporation as they are metabolically robust and therefore widely used by medicinal chemists and radiochemists alike. For many years, the range of (hetero)arenes amenable to (18)F-fluorination was limited by the lack of chemically diverse precursors, and of radiochemical methods allowing (18)F-incorporation in high selectivity and efficiency (radiochemical yield and purity, specific activity, and radio-scalability). The appearance of late-stage fluorination reactions catalyzed by transition metal or small organic molecules (organocatalysis) has encouraged much research on the use of these activation manifolds for (18)F-fluorination. In this piece, we review all of the reactions known to date to install the (18)F substituent and other key (18)F-motifs (e.g., CF3, CHF2, OCF3, SCF3, OCHF2) of medicinal relevance onto (hetero)arenes. The field has changed significantly in the past five years, and the current trend suggests that the radiochemical space available for PET applications will expand rapidly in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Preshlock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Methods to Increase the Metabolic Stability of (18)F-Radiotracers. Molecules 2015; 20:16186-220. [PMID: 26404227 PMCID: PMC6332123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds incorporating radiotracers that are considered foreign to the body undergo metabolic changes in vivo. Metabolic degradation of these drugs is commonly caused by a system of enzymes of low substrate specificity requirement, which is present mainly in the liver, but drug metabolism may also take place in the kidneys or other organs. Thus, radiotracers and all other pharmaceuticals are faced with enormous challenges to maintain their stability in vivo highlighting the importance of their structure. Often in practice, such biologically active molecules exhibit these properties in vitro, but fail during in vivo studies due to obtaining an increased metabolism within minutes. Many pharmacologically and biologically interesting compounds never see application due to their lack of stability. One of the most important issues of radiotracers development based on fluorine-18 is the stability in vitro and in vivo. Sometimes, the metabolism of 18F-radiotracers goes along with the cleavage of the C-F bond and with the rejection of [18F]fluoride mostly combined with high background and accumulation in the skeleton. This review deals with the impact of radiodefluorination and with approaches to stabilize the C-F bond to avoid the cleavage between fluorine and carbon.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hill DE, Holland JP. Computational studies on hypervalent iodonium(III) compounds as activated precursors for 18F radiofluorination of electron-rich arenes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Klenc J, Lipowska M, Taylor AT. Identification of lead compounds for (99m)Tc and (18)F GPR91 radiotracers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2335-9. [PMID: 25908514 PMCID: PMC4433761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To develop the first radiotracer targeting GPR91, a cell membrane-bound receptor that modulates the cellular response to hyperglycemia and hypoxia, we designed and prepared a small series of compounds based on a published series of 1,8-naphthyridines with high affinity to GPR91. Our approach provides a mechanism to incorporate radioactive atoms ((99m)Tc and (18)F) into the GPR91 pharmacophore as the final synthetic step. Pharmacological assays confirmed lead compounds for (99m)Tc and (18)F GPR91 radiotracers within the series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Klenc
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Malgorzata Lipowska
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew T Taylor
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kügler F, Ermert J, Kaufholz P, Coenen HH. 4-[18F]Fluorophenylpiperazines by improved Hartwig-Buchwald N-arylation of 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene, formed via hypervalent λ3-iodane precursors: application to build-up of the dopamine D4 ligand [18F]FAUC 316. Molecules 2014; 20:470-86. [PMID: 25558857 PMCID: PMC6272738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted phenylpiperazines are often neuropharmacologically active compounds and in many cases are essential pharmacophores of neuroligands for different receptors such as D2-like dopaminergic, serotoninergic and other receptors. Nucleophilic, no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 18F-labelling of these ligands in an aromatic position is desirable for studying receptors with in vivo molecular imaging. 1-(4-[18F]Fluorophenyl)piperazine was synthesized in two reaction steps starting by 18F-labelling of a iodobenzene-iodonium precursor, followed by Pd-catalyzed N-arylation of the intermediate 4-[18F]fluoro-iodobenzene. Different palladium catalysts and solvents were tested with particular attention to the polar solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Weak inorganic bases like potassium phosphate or cesium carbonate seem to be essential for the arylation step and lead to conversation rates above 70% in DMF which is comparable to those in typically used toluene. In DMSO even quantitative conversation was observed. Overall radiochemical yields of up to 40% and 60% in DMF and DMSO, respectively, were reached depending on the labelling yield of the first step. The fluorophenylpiperazine obtained was coupled in a third reaction step with 2-formyl-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile to yield the highly selective dopamine D4 ligand [18F]FAUC 316.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kügler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Peter Kaufholz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Heinz H Coenen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|