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Chu W, Zhang F, Zeng X, He F, Shang G, Guo T, Wang Q, Wu J, Li T, Zhong ZZ, Liang X, Hu J, Liu M. A GMP-compliant manufacturing method for Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:131. [PMID: 38702793 PMCID: PMC11069138 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) hold great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant methodology for the isolation and culture of WJ-MSCs. Through comprehensive research, encompassing laboratory-scale experiments to pilot-scale studies, we aimed to develop standardized protocols ensuring the high yield and quality of WJ-MSCs manufacturing. METHODS Firstly, optimization of parameters for the enzymatic digestion method used to isolate WJ-MSCs was conducted. These parameters included enzyme concentrations, digestion times, seeding densities, and culture media. Additionally, a comparative analysis between the explant method and the enzymatic digestion method was performed. Subsequently, the consecutive passaging of WJ-MSCs, specifically up to passage 9, was evaluated using the optimized method. Finally, manufacturing processes were developed and scaled up, starting from laboratory-scale flask-based production and progressing to pilot-scale cell factory-based production. Furthermore, a stability study was carried out to assess the storage and use of drug products (DPs). RESULTS The optimal parameters for the enzymatic digestion method were a concentration of 0.4 PZ U/mL Collagenase NB6 and a digestion time of 3 h, resulting in a higher yield of P0 WJ-MSCs. In addition, a positive correlation between the weight of umbilical cord tissue and the quantities of P0 WJ-MSCs has been observed. Evaluation of different concentrations of human platelet lysate revealed that 2% and 5% concentrations resulted in similar levels of cell expansion. Comparative analysis revealed that the enzymatic digestion method exhibited faster outgrowth of WJ-MSCs compared to the explant method during the initial passage. Passages 2 to 5 exhibited higher viability and proliferation ability throughout consecutive passaging. Moreover, scalable manufacturing processes from the laboratory scale to the pilot scale were successfully developed, ensuring the production of high-quality WJ-MSCs. Multiple freeze-thaw cycles of the DPs led to reduced cell viability and viable cell concentration. Subsequent thawing and dilution of the DPs resulted in a significant decrease in both metrics, especially when stored at 20-27 °C. CONCLUSION This study offers valuable insights into optimizing the isolation and culture of WJ-MSCs. Our scalable manufacturing processes facilitate the large-scale production of high-quality WJ-MSCs. These findings contribute to the advancement of WJ-MSCs-based therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Chu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Zeng
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangtao He
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyan Shang
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfang Wang
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfu Wu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongjing Li
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhong Zhong
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyuan Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muyun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Foundational Technologies for CGT Industry, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Kenuo Medical Laboratory, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Valim Parca A, Godoy Pieri NC, Fantinato Neto P, Fernandes Bressan F, Ambrósio CE, Santos Martins DD. Comparative Analysis of Fluorescent Labeling Techniques for Tracking Canine Amniotic Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:183-192. [PMID: 38411508 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The utmost aim of regenerative medicine is to promote the regeneration of injured tissues using stem cells. Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AmMSCs) have been used in several studies mainly because of their easy isolation from amniotic tissue postpartum and immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties and the low level of rejection. These cells share characteristics of both embryonic/fetal and adult stem cells and are particularly advantageous because they do not trigger tumorigenic activity when injected into immunocompromised animals. The large-scale use of AmMSCs for cellular therapies would greatly benefit from fluorescence labeling studies to validate their tracking in future therapies. This study evaluated the fluorophore positivity, fluorescence intensity, and longevity of canine AmMSCs. For this purpose, canine AmMSCs from the GDTI/USP biobank were submitted to three labeling conditions, two commercial fluorophores [CellTrace CFSE Cell Proliferation kit - CTrace, and CellTracker Green CMFDA - CTracker (CellTracker Green CMFDA, CT, #C2925, Molecular Probes®; Life Technologies)] and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression after lentiviral transduction, to select the most suitable tracer in terms of adequate persistence and easy handling and analysis that could be used in studies of domestic animals. Fluorescence was detected in all groups; however, the patterns were different. Specifically, CTrace and CTracker fluorescence was detected 6 h after labeling, while GFP was visualized no earlier than 48 h after transduction. Flow cytometry analysis revealed more than 70% of positive cells on day 7 in the CTrace and CTracker groups, while fluorescence decreased significantly to 10% or less on day 20. Variations between repetitions were observed in the GFP group under the present conditions. Our results showed earlier fluorescence detection and more uniform results across repetitions for the commercial fluorophores. In contrast, fluorescence persisted for more extended periods in the GFP group. These results indicate a promising direction for assessing the roles of canine AmMSCs in regenerative medicine without genomic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Valim Parca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Schubart JR, Zare A, Fernandez-de-Castro RM, Figueroa HR, Sarel I, Tuchman K, Esposito K, Henderson FC, von Schwarz E. Safety and outcomes analysis: transcatheter implantation of autologous angiogenic cell precursors for the treatment of cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:308. [PMID: 37880753 PMCID: PMC10601268 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy for severe cardiomyopathy, proffering stem cell recruitment, anti-apoptosis, and proangiogenic capabilities. Angiogenic cell precursors (ACP-01) are autologous, lineage-specific, cells derived from a multipotent progenitor cell population, with strong potential to effectively engraft, form blood vessels, and support tissue survival and regeneration. METHODS This IRB approved outcome analysis reports upon 74 consecutive patients who failed medical management for severe cardiomyopathy, and were selected to undergo transcatheter intramyocardial or intracoronary implantation of ACP-01. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported. Cell analysis was conducted for each treatment. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by multi-gated acquisition scan (MUGA) or echocardiogram at 4 months ± 1.9 months and 12 months ± 5.5 months. Patients reported quality of life statements at 6 months (± 5.6 months). RESULTS Fifty-four of 74 patients met requirements for inclusion (48 males and five females; age 68.1 ± 11.3 years). The mean treatment cell number of 57 × 106 ACP-01 included 7.7 × 106 CD34 + and 21 × 106 CD31 + cells with 97.6% viability. SAEs included one death (previously unrecognized silent MI), ventricular tachycardia (n = 2) requiring cardioversion, and respiratory infection (n = 2). LVEF in the ischemic subgroup (n = 41) improved by 4.7% ± 9.7 from pre-procedure to the first follow-up (4 months ± 1.9 months) (p < 0.004) and by 7.2% ± 10.9 at final follow-up (n = 25) at average 12 months (p < 0.004). The non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy subgroup (n = 8) improved by 7.5% ± 6.0 at the first follow-up (p < 0.017) and by 12.2% ± 6.4 at final follow-up (p < 0.003, n = 6). Overall improvement in LVEF from pre-procedure to post-procedure was significant (Fisher's exact test p < 0.004). LVEF improvement was most marked in the patients with the most severe cardiomyopathy (LVEF < 20%) improving from a mean 14.6% ± 3.4% pre-procedurally to 28.4% ± 8% at final follow-up. Quality of life statements reflected improvement in 33/50 (66%), no change in 14/50 (28%), and worse in 3/50 (6%). CONCLUSION Transcatheter implantation of ACP-01 for cardiomyopathy is safe and improves LVEF in the setting of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. The results warrant further investigation in a prospective, blinded, and controlled clinical study. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRB from Genetic Alliance #APC01-001, approval date July 25, 2022. Cardiomyopathy is common and associated with high mortality. Stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy. Angiogenic cell precursors (ACP-01) are lineage-specific endothelial progenitors, with strong potential for migration, engraftment, angiogenesis, and support of tissue survival and regeneration. A retrospective outcomes analysis of 53 patients with ischemic and non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing transcatheter implantation of ACP-01 demonstrated improvements in the left ventricular ejection fraction of 7.2% ± 10.9 (p < 0.004) and 12.2% ± 6.4, respectively, at 12 months (± 5) follow-up. Quality of life statements reflected improvement in 33/50 (66%) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane R Schubart
- Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amirhossein Zare
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Ontario, CA, USA
- Hemostemix Inc, Calgary, CA, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Tuchman
- The Metropolitan Neurosurgery Group, LLC, 1010 Wayne Ave Suite 420, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn Esposito
- The Bobby Jones Chiari Syringomyelia Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fraser C Henderson
- The Metropolitan Neurosurgery Group, LLC, 1010 Wayne Ave Suite 420, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
- Department Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Hemostemix Inc, Calgary, CA, Canada.
| | - Ernst von Schwarz
- School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Whulanza Y, Nathani RC, Adimillenva K, Irwansyah R, Wahyu Nurhayati R, Utomo MS, Abdullah AH. Effect of Flow Rate Modulation on Alginate Emulsification in Multistage Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1828. [PMID: 37893265 PMCID: PMC10609249 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of stem cells into alginate microspheres is an important aspect of tissue engineering or bioprinting which ensures cell growth and development. We previously demonstrated the encapsulation of stem cells using the hanging drop method. However, this conventional process takes a relatively long time and only produces a small-volume droplet. Here, an experimental approach for alginate emulsification in multistage microfluidics is reported. By using the microfluidic method, the emulsification of alginate in oil can be manipulated by tuning the flow rate for both phases. Two-step droplet emulsification is conducted in a series of polycarbonate and polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chips. Multistage emulsification of alginate for stem cell encapsulation has been successfully reported in this study under certain flow rates. Fundamental non-dimensional numbers such as Reynolds and capillary are used to evaluate the effect of flow rate on the emulsification process. Reynolds numbers of around 0.5-2.5 for alginate/water and 0.05-0.2 for oil phases were generated in the current study. The capillary number had a maximum value of 0.018 to ensure the formation of plug flow. By using the multistage emulsification system, the flow rates of each process can be tuned independently, offering a wider range of droplet sizes that can be produced. A final droplet size of 500-1000 µm can be produced using flow rates of 0.1-0.5 mL/h and 0.7-2.4 mL/h for the first stage and second stage, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Whulanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Rithwik Chandur Nathani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Klaugusta Adimillenva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Ridho Irwansyah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Retno Wahyu Nurhayati
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | | | - Abdul Halim Abdullah
- Biomechanical & Clinical Engineering Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
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Jhunjhunwala A, Kim J, Kubelick KP, Ethier CR, Emelianov SY. In Vivo Photoacoustic Monitoring of Stem Cell Location and Apoptosis with Caspase-3-Responsive Nanosensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17931-17945. [PMID: 37703202 PMCID: PMC10540261 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has immense potential in a variety of regenerative medicine applications. However, clinical stem cell therapy is severely limited by challenges in assessing the location and functional status of implanted cells in vivo. Thus, there is a great need for longitudinal, noninvasive stem cell monitoring. Here we introduce a multidisciplinary approach combining nanosensor-augmented stem cell labeling with ultrasound guided photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging for the spatial tracking and functional assessment of transplanted stem cell fate. Specifically, our nanosensor incorporates a peptide sequence that is selectively cleaved by caspase-3, the primary effector enzyme in mammalian cell apoptosis; this cleavage event causes labeled cells to show enhanced optical absorption in the first near-infrared (NIR) window. Optimization of labeling protocols and spectral characterization of the nanosensor in vitro showed a 2.4-fold increase in PA signal from labeled cells during apoptosis while simultaneously permitting cell localization. We then successfully tracked the location and apoptotic status of mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model for 2 weeks in vivo, demonstrating a 4.8-fold increase in PA signal and spectral slope changes in the first NIR window under proapoptotic (ischemic) conditions. We conclude that our nanosensor allows longitudinal, noninvasive, and nonionizing monitoring of stem cell location and apoptosis, which is a significant improvement over current end-point monitoring methods such as biopsies and histological staining of excised tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamik Jhunjhunwala
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kelsey P. Kubelick
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - C. Ross Ethier
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Ali HRW, Suliman S, Osman TAH, Carrasco M, Bruland O, Costea DE, Ræder H, Mustafa K. Xeno-free generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from donor-matched fibroblasts isolated from dermal and oral tissues. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:199. [PMID: 37559144 PMCID: PMC10410907 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) can be generated from various somatic cells and can subsequently be differentiated to multiple cell types of the body. This makes them highly promising for cellular therapy in regenerative medicine. However, to facilitate their clinical use and to ensure safety, iPS culturing protocols must be compliant with good manufacturing practice guidelines and devoid of xenogenic products. Therefore, we aimed to compare the efficiency of using humanized culture conditions, specifically human platelet lysate to fetal bovine serum, for iPS generation from different sources, and to evaluate their stemness. METHODS iPS were generated via a platelet lysate or fetal bovine serum-based culturing protocol from matched dermal, buccal and gingival human fibroblasts, isolated from healthy donors (n = 2) after informed consent, via episomal plasmid transfection. Pluripotency, genotype and phenotype of iPS, generated by both protocols, were then assessed by various methods. RESULTS More attempts were generally required to successfully reprogram xeno-free fibroblasts to iPS, as compared to xenogenic cultured fibroblasts. Furthermore, oral fibroblasts generally required more attempts for successful iPS generation as opposed to dermal fibroblasts. Morphologically, all iPS generated from fibroblasts formed tight colonies surrounded by a reflective "whitish" outer rim, typical for iPS. They also expressed pluripotency markers at both gene (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and protein level (SOX2, OCT4). Upon stimulation, all iPS showed ability to differentiate into the three primary germ layers via expression of lineage-specific markers for mesoderm (MESP1, OSR1, HOPX), endoderm (GATA4) and ectoderm (PAX6, RAX). Genome analysis revealed several amplifications and deletions within the chromosomes of each iPS type. CONCLUSIONS The xeno-free protocol had a lower reprogramming efficiency compared to the standard xenogenic protocol. The oral fibroblasts generally proved to be more difficult to reprogram than dermal fibroblasts. Xeno-free dermal, buccal and gingival fibroblasts can successfully generate iPS with a comparable genotype/phenotype to their xenogenic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R W Ali
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tarig Al-Hadi Osman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manuel Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela-Elena Costea
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
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Damianos A, Sammour I. Barriers in translating stem cell therapies for neonatal diseases. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151731. [PMID: 36990922 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, stem cells of varying origin and their associated secretome have been investigated as a therapeutic option for a myriad of neonatal models of disease, with very promising results. Despite the devastating nature of some of these disorders, translation of the preclinical evidence to the bedside has been slow. In this review, we explore the existing clinical evidence for stem cell therapies in neonates, highlight the barriers faced by researchers and suggest potential solutions to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Damianos
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ibrahim Sammour
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA.
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Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the Biological Behavior of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (hAD-MSCs). Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7074703. [PMID: 36845966 PMCID: PMC9946746 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7074703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from ginseng with various pharmacological effects, which might facilitate the biological behavior of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hAD-MSCs). This study is aimed at investigating the effects of Rg1 on the biological behavior, such as viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine, of hAD-MSCs. hAD-MSCs were isolated from human amnions. The effects of Rg1 on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine of hAD-MSCs were detected by CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, SA-β-Gal staining, wound healing, and ELISA assays, respectively. The protein expression levels were detected by western blot. Cell cycle distribution was evaluated using flow cytometry. We found that Rg1 promoted hAD-MSC cycle progression from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases and significantly increased hAD-MSC proliferation rate. Rg1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and significantly upregulated the expressions of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2 in hAD-MSCs. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling significantly downregulated the expressions of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2, prevented cell cycle progression, and reduced hAD-MSC proliferation induced by Rg1. hAD-MSC senescence rate was significantly increased by D-galactose, while the elevated hAD-MSC senescence rate induced by D-galactose was significantly decreased by Rg1 treatment. D-galactose significantly induced the expressions of senescence markers, p16INK4a, p14ARF, p21CIP1, and p53 in hAD-MSCs, while Rg1 significantly reduced the expressions of those markers induced by D-galactose in hAD-MSCs. Rg1 significantly promoted the secretion of IGF-I in hAD-MSCs. Rg1 reduced the hAD-MSC apoptosis rate. However, the difference was not significant. Rg1 had no influence on hAD-MSC migration. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Rg1 can promote the viability, proliferation, and paracrine and relieve the senescence of hAD-MSCs. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is involved in the promotive effect of Rg1 on hAD-MSC proliferation. The protective effect of Rg1 on hAD-MSC senescence may be achieved via the downregulation of p16INK4A and p53/p21CIP1 pathway.
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Stem cell sheet fabrication from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell and Col-T scaffold. Stem Cell Res 2022; 65:102960. [PMID: 36399925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, stem cell therapy has been shown to be a remarkable progress and an important application in the regeneration of defective tissues and organs. To deliver stem cells to the injured area, several methods have been proposed such as an intravenous infusion, direct damaged tissue injection, or stem cell sheet transplantation. In this study, we aimed to fabricate a stem cell sheet by culturing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on a Col-T scaffold to recover the structure and function of damaged tissues. The results showed that cells reach confluent on the scaffold surface 18 h after seeding. These stem cells were able to survive and proliferate on Col-T scaffold. The average tensile strength of the stem cell sheet was 2.65 MPa. The sheet reached the sterile standards when tested for total bacteria, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus according to Circular number 06/2011/TT-BYT of Vietnam Ministry of Health. In addition, the stem cell sheet was non-toxic when evaluated for exposure toxicity and fluid toxicity according to iSO-10993. Importantly, 5 days after culturing on the Col-T scaffold, the seeded hUC-MSCs were still possessed all properties of MSC such as spindle-shaped, adhesive, could differentiate into mesoderm-derived cells, showed to be CD90, CD105, CD73 positive and CD45, CD34, CD11b, CD19, HLA-DR negative. In summary, our study was successful in creating a stem cell sheet from hUC-MSCs and Col-T scaffold for subsequent in vivo transplantation in the future.
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10
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Optimal Intravenous Administration Procedure for Efficient Delivery of Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314681. [PMID: 36499004 PMCID: PMC9740176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are currently being investigated for their therapeutic applications in a wide range of diseases. Although many studies examined peripheral venous administration of MSC, few have investigated the detailed intravenous administration procedures of MSC from their preparation until they enter the body. The current study therefore aimed to explore the most efficient infusion procedure for MSC delivery by preparing and infusing them under various conditions. Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cADSC) were infused using different infusion apparatuses, suspension solutions, allogenic serum supplementation, infusion time and rates, and cell densities, respectively. Live and dead cell counts were then assessed by manual measurements and flow cytometry. Efficiency of live- and dead-cell infusion and cell viability were calculated from the measured cell counts and compared under each condition. Efficiency of live-cell infusion differed significantly according to the infusion apparatus, infusion rate, and combination of cell density and serum supplementation. Cell viability after infusion differed significantly between the infusion apparatuses. The optimal infusion procedure resulting in the highest cell delivery and viability involved suspending cADSC in normal saline supplemented with 5% allogenic serum at a density of 5 × 105 cells/mL, and infusing them using an automatic infusion device for 15 min. This procedure is therefore recommended as the standard procedure for the intravenous administration of ADSC in terms of cell-delivery efficiency.
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Subhan BS, Ki M, Verzella A, Shankar S, Rabbani PS. Behind the Scenes of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Skin Injuries and Disorders. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:575-597. [PMID: 34806432 PMCID: PMC9419953 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Skin wounds and disorders compromise the protective functions of skin and patient quality of life. Although accessible on the surface, they are challenging to address due to paucity of effective therapies. Exogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cell-free derivatives of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are developing as a treatment modality. Knowledge of origin MSCs, EV processing, and mode of action is necessary for directed use of EVs in preclinical studies and methodical translation. Recent Advances: Nanoscale to microscale EVs, although from nonskin cells, induce functional responses in cutaneous wound cellular milieu. EVs allow a shift from cell-based to cell-free/derived modalities by carrying the MSC beneficial factors but eliminating risks associated with MSC transplantation. EVs have demonstrated striking efficacy in resolution of preclinical wound models, specifically within the complexity of skin structure and wound pathology. Critical Issues: To facilitate comparison across studies, tissue sources and processing of MSCs, culture conditions, isolation and preparations of EVs, and vesicle sizes require standardization as these criteria influence EV types and contents, and potentially determine the induced biological responses. Procedural parameters for all steps preceding the actual therapeutic administration may be the key to generating EVs that demonstrate consistent efficacy through known mechanisms. We provide a comprehensive review of such parameters and the subsequent tissue, cellular and molecular impact of the derived EVs in different skin wounds/disorders. Future Directions: We will gain more complete knowledge of EV-induced effects in skin, and specificity for different wounds/conditions. The safety and efficacy of current preclinical xenogenic applications will favor translation into allogenic clinical applications of EVs as a biologic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi S. Subhan
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Ki
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra Verzella
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shruthi Shankar
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Piul S. Rabbani
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Liu P, Gurung B, Afzal I, Santin M, Sochart DH, Field RE, Kader DF, Asopa V. The composition of cell-based therapies obtained from point-of-care devices/systems which mechanically dissociate lipoaspirate: a scoping review of the literature. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:103. [PMID: 36209438 PMCID: PMC9548462 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cell-based therapies using lipoaspirate are gaining popularity in orthopaedics due to their hypothesised regenerative potential. Several ‘point-of-care’ lipoaspirate-processing devices/systems have become available to isolate cells for therapeutic use, with published evidence reporting their clinical relevance. However, few studies have analysed the composition of their ‘minimally-manipulated’ cellular products in parallel, information that is vital to understand the mechanisms by which these therapies may be efficacious. This scoping review aimed to identify devices/systems using mechanical-only processing of lipoaspirate, the constituents of their cell-based therapies and where available, clinical outcomes. Methods PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guidelines were followed. MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed databases were systematically searched to identify relevant articles until 21st April 2022. Information relating to cellular composition and clinical outcomes for devices/systems was extracted. Further information was also obtained by individually searching the devices/systems in the PubMed database, Google search engine and contacting manufacturers. Results 2895 studies were screened and a total of 15 articles (11 = Level 5 evidence) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 13 unique devices/systems were identified from included studies. All the studies reported cell concentration (cell number regardless of phenotype per millilitre of lipoaspirate) for their devices/systems (range 0.005–21 × 106). Ten reported cell viability (the measure of live cells- range 60–98%), 11 performed immuno-phenotypic analysis of the cell-subtypes and four investigated clinical outcomes of their cellular products. Only two studies reported all four of these parameters. Conclusion When focussing on cell concentration, cell viability and MSC immuno-phenotypic analysis alone, the most effective manual devices/systems were ones using filtration and cutting/mincing. However, it was unclear whether high performance in these categories would translate to improved clinical outcomes. Due to the lack of standardisation and heterogeneity of the data, it was also not possible to draw any reliable conclusions and determine the role of these devices/systems in clinical practice at present. Level of Evidence Level V Therapeutic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40634-022-00537-0.
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13
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Maillot C, De Isla N, Loubiere C, Toye D, Olmos E. Impact of microcarrier concentration on mesenchymal stem cell growth and death: Experiments and modelling. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3537-3548. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.28228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Maillot
- Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des ProcedesUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 7274NancyFrance
- Ingenierie Moleculaire et Physiopathologie ArticulaireUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 736554500Vandoeuvre‐les‐NancyFrance
| | | | - Celine Loubiere
- Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des ProcedesUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 7274NancyFrance
| | - Dominique Toye
- Ingenierie Moleculaire et Physiopathologie ArticulaireUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 736554500Vandoeuvre‐les‐NancyFrance
| | - Eric Olmos
- Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des ProcedesUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 7274NancyFrance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Environment and Processes (PEPs)Universite de LiegeLiegeBelgium
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14
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Curcumin-laden ECM-mimicking microfibers assemble with mesenchymal stem cells to generate heterospheroids and enhance cell viability and function. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Psaroudis RT, Singh U, Lora M, Jeon P, Boursiquot A, Stochaj U, Langlais D, Colmegna I. CD26 is a senescence marker associated with reduced immunopotency of human adipose tissue-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:358. [PMID: 35883188 PMCID: PMC9327293 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and tolerogenic effects. Long-term in vitro expansion of MSCs to generate clinical grade products results in the accumulation of senescent-functionally impaired MSCs. Markers to assess the ‘senescent load’ of MSC products are needed. Methods Early and late passage human adipose tissue (AT) MSCs from pediatric and adult donors were characterized using established senescent markers [i.e., MSC size, granularity, and autofluorescence by flow cytometry; β-galactosidase staining (SA-β-gal); CDKN2A and CDKN1A by qRT-PCR]. In gene set enrichment analysis, DPP4 (also known as adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2 or CD26) was found as a prominent dysregulated transcript that was increased in late passage MSC(AT). This was confirmed in a larger number of MSC samples by PCR, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. In vitro immunopotency assays compared the function of CD26high and CD26low MSC(AT). The effect of senolytics on the CD26high subpopulation was evaluated in senescent MSC(AT). Results Late passage MSC(AT) had a senescence transcriptome signature. DPP4 was the most differentially enriched gene in senescent MSCs. Late passage senescent MSC(AT) had higher CD26 surface levels and total protein abundance. Moreover, CD26 surface levels were higher in early passage MSC(AT) from adults compared to pediatric donors. CD26 abundance correlated with established senescence markers. CD26high MSC(AT) had reduced immunopotency compared to CD26low MSC(AT). Senolytic treatment induced MSC apoptosis, which decreased the frequencies of CD26high MSC(AT). Conclusions DPP4 gene expression and DPP4/CD26 protein abundance are markers of replicative senescence in MSC(AT). Samples enriched in CD26high MSC(AT) have reduced immunopotency and CD26high MSCs are reduced with senolytics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03026-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Triantafillia Psaroudis
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Office # EM2-3238, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Urvashi Singh
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Office # EM2-3238, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Maximilien Lora
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Office # EM2-3238, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Peter Jeon
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Office # EM2-3238, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Abigail Boursiquot
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Office # EM2-3238, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Inés Colmegna
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Office # EM2-3238, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Sivan SS, Bonstein I, Marmor YN, Pelled G, Gazit Z, Amit M. Encapsulation of Human-Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Small Alginate Beads Using One-Step Emulsification by Internal Gelation: In Vitro, and In Vivo Evaluation in Degenerate Intervertebral Disc Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061179. [PMID: 35745752 PMCID: PMC9228465 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation in gel beads contributes to many biomedical processes and pharmaceutical applications. Small beads (<300 µm) offer distinct advantages, mainly due to improved mass transfer and mechanical strength. Here, we describe, for the first time, the encapsulation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in small-sized microspheres, using one-step emulsification by internal gelation. Small (127−257 µm) high-mannuronic-alginate microspheres were prepared at high agitation rates (800−1000 rpm), enabling control over the bead size and shape. The average viability of encapsulated hBM-MSCs after 2 weeks was 81 ± 4.3% for the higher agitation rates. hBM-MSC-loaded microspheres seeded within a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analogue, which was previously proposed as a mechanically equivalent implant for degenerate discs, kept their viability, sphericity, and integrity for at least 6 weeks. A preliminary in vivo study of hBM-MSC-loaded microspheres implanted (via a GAG-analogue hydrogel) in a rat injured intervertebral disc model demonstrated long-lasting viability and biocompatibility for at least 8 weeks post-implantation. The proposed method offers an effective and reproducible way to maintain long-lasting viability in vitro and in vivo. This approach not only utilizes the benefits of a simple, mild, and scalable method, but also allows for the easy control of the bead size and shape by the agitation rate, which, overall, makes it a very attractive platform for regenerative-medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit S. Sivan
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude College of Engineering, P.O. Box 78, Karmiel 2161002, Israel; (I.B.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-990-1855
| | - Iris Bonstein
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude College of Engineering, P.O. Box 78, Karmiel 2161002, Israel; (I.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Yariv N. Marmor
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Braude College of Engineering, P.O. Box 78, Karmiel 2161002, Israel;
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (G.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zulma Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (G.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Michal Amit
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude College of Engineering, P.O. Box 78, Karmiel 2161002, Israel; (I.B.); (M.A.)
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Dynamic seeding versus microinjection of mesenchymal stem cells for acellular nerve allograft: an in vitro comparison. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:2821-2830. [PMID: 35570113 PMCID: PMC9391259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-supplemented acellular nerve allografts (ANA) are a potential strategy to improve the treatment of segmental nerve defects. Prior to clinical translation, optimal cell delivery methods must be defined. While two techniques, dynamic seeding and microinjection, have been described, the seeding efficiency, cell viability, and distribution of MSCs in ANAs are yet to be compared. METHODS Sciatic nerve segments of Sprague-Dawley rats were decellularized, and MSCs were harvested from the adipose tissue of Lewis rats. Cell viability was evaluated after injection of MSCs through a 27-gauge needle at different flow rates (10, 5, and 1 µL/min). MSCs were dynamically seeded or longitudinally injected into ANAs. Cell viability, seeding efficiency, and distribution were evaluated using LIVE/DEAD and MTS assays, scanning electron microscopy, and Hoechst staining. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in cell viability after injection at different flow rates was seen. After cell delivery, 84.1 ± 3.7% and 87.8 ± 2.8% of MSCs remained viable in the dynamic seeding and microinjection group, respectively (p = 0.41). The seeding efficiency of microinjection (100.4%±5.6) was significantly higher than dynamic seeding (48.1%±8.6) on day 1 (p = 0.001). Dynamic seeding demonstrated a significantly more uniform cell distribution over the course of the ANA compared to microinjection (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION MSCs remain viable after both dynamic seeding and microinjection in ANAs. Higher seeding efficiency was observed with microinjection, but dynamic seeding resulted in a more uniform distribution. In vivo studies are required to assess the effect on gene expression profiles and functional motor outcomes.
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18
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A dual crosslinked hydrogel-mediated integrated peptides and BMSC therapy for myocardial regeneration. J Control Release 2022; 347:127-142. [PMID: 35460706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of myocardial regeneration strategies for myocardial infarction (MI) is significantly compromised by the complex structure and microenvironment of the myocardium. Although tissue engineering strategies based on cell therapy and/or pro-angiogenesis can somewhat improve cardiac function, the lack of proper myocardial materials that can withstand sustained deformability and adaptable mechanical properties severely affects myocardial wall integrity, systolic-diastolic cycles, and regeneration. Herein, we developed an integrated single "all-in-one" in situ dual crosslinking conductive hydrogel with favorable treatment properties termed as MaHA/B-G-SH/Fe3+ by ionic interactions and chemical covalency based on modified hyaluronic acid (HA), gelatin (G), and Fe3+. The resulting dual crosslinking dynamic hydrogel not only provides self-healing and mechanical properties adapted to the myocardial systolic-diastolic cycle with simultaneous electrical signal transmission to fibrous islands and normal tissue, but also leads to significant increase of the myocardial wall thickness very close to that of normal myocardium upon one single injection with complete degradation within 28 days. Notably, the hydrogel covalently conjugated with a tailored peptide sequence of GGR-KLT and encapsulated with bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was further used for in situ injection in a rat MI model, which exhibited (i) efficient inhibition of excessive matrix degradation dependent on early MMP-2 expression, (ii) triggered on-demand release of KLT for at least 14 days and significant promotion of angiogenesis, and (iii) synergistic BMSCs considerably enhanced myocardial regeneration within 28 days. Taken together, the dual crosslinking conductive hydrogel-mediated synergistic peptide and cell therapy provides comprehensive recovery and regeneration of the structure and function of the injured myocardium, thus demonstrating great potential for clinical translations.
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19
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Dental Pulp Stem Cell Heterogeneity: Finding Superior Quality "Needles" in a Dental Pulpal "Haystack" for Regenerative Medicine-Based Applications. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9127074. [PMID: 35027930 PMCID: PMC8752304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9127074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem/stromal cells (hDPSCs) derived from the permanent secondary dentition are recognised to possess certain advantageous traits, which support their potential use as a viable source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine-based applications. However, the well-established heterogeneous nature of hDPSC subpopulations, coupled with their limited numbers within dental pulp tissues, has impeded our understanding of hDPSC biology and the translation of sufficient quantities of these cells from laboratory research, through successful therapy development and clinical applications. This article reviews our current understanding of hDPSC biology and the evidence underpinning the molecular basis of their heterogeneity, which may be exploited to distinguish individual subpopulations with specific or superior characteristics for regenerative medicine applications. Pertinent unanswered questions which still remain, regarding the developmental origins, hierarchical organisation, and stem cell niche locations of hDPSC subpopulations and their roles in hDPSC heterogeneity and functions, will further be explored. Ultimately, a greater understanding of how key features, such as specific cell surface, senescence and other relevant genes, and protein and metabolic markers, delineate between hDPSC subpopulations with contrasting stemness, proliferative, multipotency, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and other relevant properties is required. Such knowledge advancements will undoubtedly lead to the development of novel screening, isolation, and purification strategies, permitting the routine and effective identification, enrichment, and expansion of more desirable hDPSC subpopulations for regenerative medicine-based applications. Furthermore, such innovative measures could lead to improved cell expansion, manufacture, and banking procedures, thereby supporting the translational development of hDPSC-based therapies in the future.
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20
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Hamid HA, Sarmadi VH, Prasad V, Ramasamy R, Miskon A. Electromagnetic field exposure as a plausible approach to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in clinically relevant scenarios. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:42-57. [PMID: 35029087 PMCID: PMC8758935 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has been regarded as one of the most revolutionary breakthroughs in the history of modern medicine owing to its myriad of immunoregulatory and regenerative properties. With the rapid progress in the fields of osteo- and musculoskeletal therapies, the demand for MSC-based treatment modalities is becoming increasingly prominent. In this endeavor, researchers around the world have devised new and innovative techniques to support the proliferation of MSCs while minimizing the loss of hallmark features of stem cells. One such example is electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, which is an alternative approach with promising potential. In this review, we present a critical discourse on the efficiency, practicability, and limitations of some of the relevant methods, with insurmountable evidence backing the implementation of EMF as a feasible strategy for the clinically relevant expansion of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haslinda Abdul Hamid
- Bio-artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Vahid Hosseinpour Sarmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 144961 4535, Iran.,Institutes of Regenerative Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 199671 4353, Iran
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Stem Cell and Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Stem Cell and Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Bio-artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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21
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Liao G, Liao Y, Li D, Fu Z, Wu S, Cheng D, Ouyang Q, Tang Z, Zeng G, Liang X, Xu S, Hu J, Liu M. Human Platelet Lysate Maintains Stemness of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Promote Lung Repair in Rat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722953. [PMID: 34858970 PMCID: PMC8631747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show potential for treating preclinical models of newborn bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but studies of their therapeutic effectiveness have had mixed results, in part due to the use of different media supplements for MSCs expansion in vitro. The current study sought to identify an optimal culture supplement of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) for BPD therapy. In this study, we found that UC-MSCs cultured with human platelet lysate (hPL-UCMSCs) were maintained a small size from Passage 1 (P1) to P10, while UC-MSCs cultured with fetal bovine serum (FBS-UCMSCs) became wide and flat. Furthermore, hPL was associated with lower levels of senescence in UC-MSCs during in vitro expansion compared with FBS, as indicated by the results of β-galactosidase staining and measures of senescence-related genes (CDKN2A, CDKN1A, and mTOR). In addition, hPL enhanced the proliferation and cell viability of the UC-MSCs and reduced their doubling time in vitro. Compared with FBS-UCMSCs, hPL-UCMSCs have a greater potential to differentiate into osteocytes and chondrocytes. Moreover, using hPL resulted in greater expression of Nestin and specific paracrine factors (VEGF, TGF-β1, FGF2, IL-8, and IL-6) in UC-MSCs compared to using FBS. Critically, we also found that hPL-UCMSCs are more effective than FBS-UCMSCs for the treatment of BPD in a rat model, with hPL leading to improvements in survival rate, lung architecture and fibrosis, and lung capillary density. Finally, qPCR of rat lung mRNA demonstrated that hPL-UCMSCs had lower expression levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) and a key chemokine (MCP-1) at postnatal day 10, and there was significant reduction of CD68+ macrophages in lung tissue after hPL-UCMSCs transplantation. Altogether, our findings suggest that hPL is an optimal culture supplement for UC-MSCs expansion in vitro, and that hPL-UCMSCs promote lung repair in rat BPD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Liao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Duanduan Li
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeqin Fu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiduo Wu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Danling Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxing Ouyang
- Neurological Rehabilitation for Children, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Luohu District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zan Tang
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Guifang Zeng
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaokun Xu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Junyuan Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Muyun Liu
- National-Local Associated Engineering Laboratory for Personalized Cell Therapy, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Calcat-i-Cervera S, Sanz-Nogués C, O'Brien T. When Origin Matters: Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Different Sources for Clinical Translation in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728496. [PMID: 34616756 PMCID: PMC8488400 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) offer new prospects to improve the treatment of conditions with unmet medical needs. Kidney diseases are a current major health concern with an increasing global prevalence. Chronic renal failure appears after many years of impairment, which opens a temporary window to apply novel therapeutic approaches to delay or halt disease progression. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have sparked interest for their use in cell-based regenerative therapies. Currently, several early-phase clinical trials have been completed and many are ongoing to explore MSC safety and efficacy in a wide range of nephropathies. However, one of the current roadblocks to the clinical translation of MSC therapies relates to the lack of standardization and harmonization of MSC manufacturing protocols, which currently hinders inter-study comparability. Studies have shown that cell culture processing variables can have significant effects on MSC phenotype and functionality, and these are highly variable across laboratories. In addition, heterogeneity within MSC populations is another obstacle. Furthermore, MSCs may be isolated from several sources which adds another variable to the comparative assessment of outcomes. There is now a growing body of literature highlighting unique and distinctive properties of MSCs according to the tissue origin, and that characteristics such as donor, age, sex and underlying medical conditions may alter the therapeutic effect of MSCs. These variables must be taken into consideration when developing a cell therapy product. Having an optimal scale-up strategy for MSC manufacturing is critical for ensuring product quality while minimizing costs and time of production, as well as avoiding potential risks. Ideally, optimal scale-up strategies must be carefully considered and identified during the early stages of development, as making changes later in the bioprocess workflow will require re-optimization and validation, which may have a significant long-term impact on the cost of the therapy. This article provides a summary of important cell culture processing variables to consider in the scale-up of MSC manufacturing as well as giving a comprehensive review of tissue of origin-specific biological characteristics of MSCs and their use in current clinical trials in a range of renal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), CÚRAM, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Razeghian-Jahromi I, Matta AG, Canitrot R, Zibaeenezhad MJ, Razmkhah M, Safari A, Nader V, Roncalli J. Surfing the clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:361. [PMID: 34162424 PMCID: PMC8220796 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While existing remedies failed to fully address the consequences of heart failure, stem cell therapy has been introduced as a promising approach. The present review is a comprehensive appraisal of the impacts of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical trials mainly conducted on ischemic cardiomyopathy. The benefits of MSC therapy for dysfunctional myocardium are likely attributed to numerous secreted paracrine factors and immunomodulatory effects. The positive outcomes associated with MSC therapy are scar size reduction, reverse remodeling, and angiogenesis. Also, a decreasing in the level of chronic inflammatory markers of heart failure progression like TNF-α is observed. The intense inflammatory reaction in the injured myocardial micro-environment predicts a poor response of scar tissue to MSC therapy. Subsequently, the interval delay between myocardial injury and MSC therapy is not yet determined. The optimal requested dose of cells ranges between 100 to 150 million cells. Allogenic MSCs have different advantages compared to autogenic cells and intra-myocardial injection is the preferred delivery route. The safety and efficacy of MSCs-based therapy have been confirmed in numerous studies, however several undefined parameters like route of administration, optimal timing, source of stem cells, and necessary dose are limiting the routine use of MSCs therapeutic approach in clinical practice. Lastly, pre-conditioning of MSCs and using of exosomes mediated MSCs or genetically modified MSCs may improve the overall therapeutic effect. Future prospective studies establishing a constant procedure for MSCs transplantation are required in order to apply MSC therapy in our daily clinical practice and subsequently improving the overall prognosis of ischemic heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony G Matta
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculty of medicine, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - Ronan Canitrot
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vanessa Nader
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jerome Roncalli
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Service de Cardiologie A, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital de Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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24
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Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) are a plastic-adherent heterogeneous cell population that contain inherent skeletal progenitors and a subset of multipotential skeletal stem cells (SSCs). Application of BMSCs in therapeutic protocols implies its isolation and expansion under good manufacturing practices (GMP). Here we describe the procedures we have found to successfully generate practical BMSCs numbers, with preserved biological potency.
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25
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Sharma S, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Anudeep TC, Jeyaraman N, Shringeri AS, Kumar V, Somasundaram R, Jain R, Jha SK. A Step Toward Optimizing Regenerative Medicine Principle to Combat COVID-19. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDrugs are currently not licensed in specific to pulverize COVID-19. On an emergency basis, vaccines were approved to prevent the further spread of COVID-19. This serves as a potential background for considering the optimization of biologics. In this context, evidence on convalescent plasma and stem cells has shown a beneficial role. Here, we have considered this as plausible therapy, and further hypothesize that their cocktails will synergistically boost the immunogenicity to relegate COVID-19. This warrants a large volume clinical trial on an emergent basis, because the sooner we establish a safe and effective cure, the better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Talagavadi Channaiah Anudeep
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Rashmi Jain
- School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Intracellular delivery of trehalose renders mesenchymal stromal cells viable and immunomodulatory competent after cryopreservation. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:391-411. [PMID: 33875905 PMCID: PMC8047578 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a nontoxic disaccharide and a promising cryoprotection agent for medically applicable cells. In this study, the efficiency of combining trehalose with reversible electroporation for cryopreservation of two types of human mesenchymal stromal cells was investigated: adipose-derived stromal cells, and umbilical-cord-derived stromal cells. Comparable results to standard dimethyl sulfoxide cryopreservation protocols were achieved, even without extensive electroporation parameters and protocol optimization. The presence of high extracellular trehalose resulted in comparable cell viabilities without and with electroporation. According to the determination of trehalose concentrations, 250 mM extracellular trehalose resulting in, 20 mM to 50 mM intracellular trehalose were sufficient for successful cryopreservation of cells. With electroporation, higher (i.e. 50 mM to 90 mM) intracellular trehalose was achieved after cryopreservation, although cell survival was not improved significantly. To evaluate the impact of electroporation and cryopreservation on cells, stress and immune-activation-related gene expression were analyzed. Electroporation and/or cryopreservation resulted in increased SOD2 and HSPA1A expression. Despite the increased stress response, the high up-regulation by mesenchymal stromal cells of immunomodulatory genes in the inflammatory environment was not affected. Highest expression was seen for the IDO1 and TSG6 genes. In conclusion, cryopreservation of mesenchymal stromal cells in trehalose results in comparable characteristics to their cryopreservation using dimethyl sulfoxide.
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27
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Kim YJ, Lee TJ, Jeong GJ, Song J, Yu T, Lee DS, Bhang SH. Development of pH-Responsive Polymer Coating as an Alternative to Enzyme-Based Stem Cell Dissociation for Cell Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:491. [PMID: 33498583 PMCID: PMC7864336 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy usually accompanies cell detachment as an essential process in cell culture and cell collection for transplantation. However, conventional methods based on enzymatic cell detachment can cause cellular damage including cell death and senescence during the routine cell detaching step due to an inappropriate handing. The aim of the current study is to apply the pH-responsive degradation property of poly (amino ester) to the surface of a cell culture dish to provide a simple and easy alternative method for cell detachment that can substitute the conventional enzyme treatment. In this study, poly (amino ester) was modified (cell detachable polymer, CDP) to show appropriate pH-responsive degradation under mild acidic conditions (0.05% (w/v) CDP, pH 6.0) to detach stem cells (human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs)) perfectly within a short period (less than 10 min). Compared to conventional enzymatic cell detachment, hADSCs cultured on and detached from a CDP-coated cell culture dish showed similar cellular properties. We further performed in vivo experiments on a mouse hindlimb ischemia model (1.0 × 106 cells per limb). The in vivo results indicated that hADSCs retrieved from normal cell culture dishes and CDP-coated cell culture dishes showed analogous therapeutic angiogenesis. In conclusion, CDP could be applied to a pH-responsive cell detachment system as a simple and easy nonenzymatic method for stem cell culture and various cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (T.-J.L.); (J.S.); (D.S.L.)
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (T.-J.L.); (J.S.); (D.S.L.)
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Jihun Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (T.-J.L.); (J.S.); (D.S.L.)
| | - Taekyung Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea;
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (T.-J.L.); (J.S.); (D.S.L.)
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (T.-J.L.); (J.S.); (D.S.L.)
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28
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Lu TY, Yu KF, Kuo SH, Cheng NC, Chuang EY, Yu JS. Enzyme-Crosslinked Gelatin Hydrogel with Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Spheroid Facilitating Wound Repair in the Murine Burn Model. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2997. [PMID: 33339100 PMCID: PMC7765510 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered skin that can facilitate tissue repair has been a great advance in the field of wound healing. A well-designed dressing material together with active biological cues such as cells or growth factors can overcome the limitation of using auto-grafts from patients. Recently, many studies showed that human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) can be used to promote wound healing and skin tissue engineering. hASCs have already been widely applied for clinical trials. hASCs can be harvested abundantly because they can be easily isolated from fat tissue known as the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). On the other hand, increasing studies have proven that cells from spheroids can better simulate the biological microenvironment and can enhance the expression of stemness markers. However, a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold that can harbor implanted cells and can serve as a skin-repaired substitute still suffers from deficiency. In this study, we applied a gelatin/microbial transglutaminase (mTG) hydrogel to encapsulate hASC spheroids to evaluate the performance of 3D cells on skin wound healing. The results showed that the hydrogel is not toxic to the wound and that cell spheroids have significantly improved wound healing compared to cell suspension encapsulated in the hydrogel. Additionally, a hydrogel with cell spheroids was much more effective than other groups in angiogenesis since the cell spheroid has the possibility of cell-cell signaling to promote vascular generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (K.-F.Y.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Kai-Fu Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (K.-F.Y.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Shuo-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (K.-F.Y.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (K.-F.Y.); (S.-H.K.)
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29
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Numerical Methods for the Design and Description of In Vitro Expansion Processes of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 177:185-228. [PMID: 33090237 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a valuable source of cells for clinical applications (e.g., treatment of acute myocardial infarction or inflammatory diseases), especially in the field of regenerative medicine. However, for autologous (patient-specific) and allogeneic (off-the-shelf) hMSC-based therapies, in vitro expansion is necessary prior to the clinical application in order to achieve the required cell numbers. Safe, reproducible, and economic in vitro expansion of hMSCs for autologous and allogeneic therapies can be problematic because the cell material is restricted and the cells are sensitive to environmental changes. It is beneficial to collect detailed information on the hydrodynamic conditions and cell growth behavior in a bioreactor system, in order to develop a so called "Digital Twin" of the cultivation system and expansion process. Numerical methods, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which has become widely used in the biotech industry for studying local characteristics within bioreactors or kinetic growth modelling, provide possible solutions for such tasks.In this review, we will present the current state-of-the-art for the in vitro expansion of hMSCs. Different numerical tools, including numerical fluid flow simulations and cell growth modelling approaches for hMSCs, will be presented. In addition, a case study demonstrating the applicability of CFD and kinetic growth modelling for the development of an microcarrier-based hMSC process will be shown.
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30
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Shang F, Yu Y, Liu S, Ming L, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Jin Y. Advancing application of mesenchymal stem cell-based bone tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:666-683. [PMID: 33005830 PMCID: PMC7509590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of bone defects, especially the critical-sized defects, with mechanical integrity to the skeleton is important for a patient's rehabilitation, however, it still remains challenge. Utilizing biomaterials of human origin bone tissue for therapeutic purposes has provided a facilitated approach that closely mimics the critical aspects of natural bone tissue with regard to its properties. However, not only efficacious and safe but also cost-effective and convenient are important for regenerative biomaterials to achieve clinical translation and commercial success. Advances in our understanding of regenerative biomaterials and their roles in new bone formation potentially opened a new frontier in the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine. Taking inspiration from the role and multicomponent construction of native extracellular matrix (ECM) for cell accommodation, the ECM-mimicking biomaterials and the naturally decellularized ECM scaffolds were used to create new tissues for bone restoration. On the other hand, with the going deep in understanding of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), they have shown great promise to jumpstart and facilitate bone healing even in diseased microenvironments with pharmacology-based endogenous MSCs rescue/mobilization, systemic/local infusion of MSCs for cytotherapy, biomaterials-based approaches, cell-sheets/-aggregates technology and usage of subcellular vesicles of MSCs to achieve scaffolds-free or cell-free delivery system, all of them have been shown can improve MSCs-mediated regeneration in preclinical studies and several clinical trials. Here, following an overview discussed autogenous/allogenic and ECM-based bone biomaterials for reconstructive surgery and applications of MSCs-mediated bone healing and tissue engineering to further offer principles and effective strategies to optimize MSCs-based bone regeneration. Focusing on MSCs based bone regeneration. Discussed cytotherapy, cell-free therapies and cell-aggregates technology in detail. Stating the approaches of MSCs in diseased microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Stomatology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Leiguo Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhifei Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Tibetan Military Command, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Bureau of Service for Veteran Cadres of PLA in Beijing, Beijing, 100001, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Corresponding author.
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31
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A. Everts P, Flanagan II G, Rothenberg J, Mautner K. The Rationale of Autologously Prepared Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for use in Regenerative Medicine Applications. Regen Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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32
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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33
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Klöß S, Dehmel S, Braun A, Parnham MJ, Köhl U, Schiffmann S. From Cancer to Immune-Mediated Diseases and Tolerance Induction: Lessons Learned From Immune Oncology and Classical Anti-cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1423. [PMID: 32733473 PMCID: PMC7360838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Success in cancer treatment over the last four decades has ranged from improvements in classical drug therapy to immune oncology. Anti-cancer drugs have also often proven beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we report on challenging examples that bridge between treatment of cancer and immune-mediated diseases, addressing mechanisms and experimental models as well as clinical investigations. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) (humanized) mouse models represent useful tools for preclinical evaluation of new therapies and biomarker identification. However, new developments using human ex vivo approaches modeling cancer, for example in microfluidic human organs-on-chips, promise to identify key molecular, cellular and immunological features of human cancer progression in a fully human setting. Classical drugs which bridge the gap, for instance, include cytotoxic drugs, proteasome inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and metabolic inhibitors. Biologicals developed for cancer therapy have also shown efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In immune oncology, redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved spectacular remissions in refractory B cell leukemia and lymphoma and are currently under development for tolerance induction using cell-based therapies such as CAR Tregs or NK cells. Finally, a brief outline will be given of the lessons learned from bridging cancer and autoimmune diseases as well as tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klöß
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt, Germany
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34
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Jonsdottir-Buch SM, Gunnarsdottir K, Sigurjonsson OE. Human Embryonic-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells (hES-MP Cells) are Fully Supported in Culture with Human Platelet Lysates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030075. [PMID: 32698321 PMCID: PMC7552691 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor (hES-MP) cells are mesenchymal-like cells, derived from human embryonic stem cells without the aid of feeder cells. They have been suggested as a potential alternative to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine due to their mesenchymal-like proliferation and differentiation characteristics. Cells and cell products intended for regenerative medicine in humans should be derived, expanded and differentiated using conditions free of animal-derived products to minimize risk of animal-transmitted disease and immune reactions to foreign proteins. Human platelets are rich in growth factors needed for cell culture and have been used successfully as an animal serum replacement for MSC expansion and differentiation. In this study, we compared the proliferation of hES-MP cells and MSCs; the hES-MP cell growth was sustained for longer than that of MSCs. Growth factors, gene expression, and surface marker expression in hES-MP cells cultured with either human platelet lysate (hPL) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation were compared, along with differentiation to osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Despite some differences between hES-MP cells grown in hPL- and FBS-supplemented media, hPL was found to be a suitable replacement for FBS. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that hES-MP cells can be grown using platelet lysates from expired platelet concentrates (hPL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Jonsdottir-Buch
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
| | - Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Reykjavik, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-543-5523 or +354-694-9427
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35
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Wu X, Jia Y, Sun X, Wang J. Tissue engineering in female pelvic floor reconstruction. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:275-286. [PMID: 32647506 PMCID: PMC7336160 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common and frequently occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly women. Mesh implantation is an ideal surgical treatment. The polypropylene mesh commonly used in clinical practice has good mechanical properties, but there are long-term complications. The application of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse disease can not only meet the mechanical requirements of pelvic floor support, but also be more biocompatible than traditional polypropylene mesh, and can promote tissue repair to a certain extent. In this paper, the progress of tissue engineering was summarized to understand the application of tissue engineering in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse disease and will help in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor DisordersBeijingP. R. China
| | - YuanYuan Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor DisordersBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiuli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor DisordersBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor DisordersBeijingP. R. China
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García-Fernández C, López-Fernández A, Borrós S, Lecina M, Vives J. Strategies for large-scale expansion of clinical-grade human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shariati A, Nemati R, Sadeghipour Y, Yaghoubi Y, Baghbani R, Javidi K, Zamani M, Hassanzadeh A. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for neurodegenerative disease: A promising frontier. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151097. [PMID: 32800276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) along with some other less common diseases generally described by the advanced deterioration of central or peripheral nervous system, structurally or functionally. In the last two decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) due to their unique assets encompassing self-renewal, multipotency and accessibility in association with low ethical concern open new frontiers in the context of neurodegenerative diseases therapy. Interestingly, MSCs can be differentiated into endodermal and ectodermal lineages (e.g., neurons, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte), and thus could be employed to advance cell-based therapeutic strategy. Additionally, as inflammation ordinarily ensues as a local response provoked by microglia in the neurodegenerative diseases, MSCs therapy because of their pronounced immunomodulatory properties is noticed as a rational approach for their treatment. Recently, varied types of studies have been mostly carried out in vitro and rodent models using MSCs upon their procurement from various sources and expansion. The promising results of the studies in rodent models have motivated researchers to design and perform several clinical trials, with a speedily rising number. In the current review, we aim to deliver a brief overview of MSCs sources, expansion strategies, and their immunosuppressive characteristics and discuss credible functional mechanisms exerted by MSCs to treat neurodegenerative disorders, covering AD, PD, ALS, MS, and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shariati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Nemati
- Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Yasin Sadeghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Yoda Yaghoubi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Baghbani
- Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Kamran Javidi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Fujimoto Y, Yokozeki T, Yokoyama A, Tabata Y. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances proliferation and hepatocyte growth factor expression of feline mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Ther 2020; 15:10-17. [PMID: 32490062 PMCID: PMC7256438 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the proliferation and secretion activity of feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Methods Feline MSC isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of cats were cultured with or without bFGF. Results The bFGF addition enhanced the proliferation of feline MSC to a significant great extent compared with that without bFGF, although the cell proliferation tended to increase with the bFGF concentration. In addition, adipogenic and osteogenic staining assay demonstrated that the bFGF addition allowed MSC to maintain the differentiation ability even after the proliferation. Moreover, no change in the surface markers of MSC was observed between the cultures with or without bFGF. A quantitative RT-PCR assay revealed that the HGF and TSG-6 expression significantly increased by the bFGF addition. The highest mRNA expression of MMP-2 was observed for cells cultured in 1000 ng/ml bFGF concentration. Conclusions The culture with bFGF is a promising way to enhance the proliferation, and HGF secretion ability of MSC as well as maintain their differentiation ability and immunophenotype nature. Feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) was cultured with or without the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The bFGF enhanced the proliferation and increased the mRNA expression of HGF, TSG-6, and MMP-2. The bFGF addition was not influenced to the differentiation ability and cell surface marker of MSC.
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Key Words
- Basic fibroblast growth factor
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- Feline
- GAPDH, gliyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- Hepatocyte growth factor
- MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- Mesenchymal stem cell
- P1, passage 1
- Proliferation
- SVF, stromal vascular fraction
- TSG-6, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6
- Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Fujimoto
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Li D, Li X, Duan M, Dou Y, Feng Y, Nan N, Zhang W. MiR-153-3p induces immune dysregulation by inhibiting PELI1 expression in umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:201-209. [PMID: 32321315 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1750011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are identified as a promising tool for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and several microRNAs (miRNAs) are shown to exhibit vital roles in immune diseases. However, their function and mechanism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still unclear. The qRT-PCR analysis was employed to investigate level of miR-153-3p. Subsequently, western blot and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to determine miR-153-3p targets. Cell proliferation and migration were determined using EdU proliferation assays and transwell migration assays. Apoptosis levels were evaluated by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. We used human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation to treat MRL/lpr mice. It was observed that miR-153-3p was upregulated in patients with SLE, and was closely related to SLE disease activity. Overexpression of miR-153-3p decreased UC-MSCs proliferation and migration, and weakened UC-MSCs-mediated decrease of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells and increase of regulatory T (Treg) cells through repressing PELI1 in vitro. We also found that PELI1 overexpression abolished the function of miR-153-3p on UC-MSCs. Furthermore, miR-153-3p overexpression weakened the therapeutic effect of UC-MSCs in MRL/lpr mice in vivo. Taken together, all data suggested that miR-153-3p is a mediator of SLE UC-MSCs regulation and may function as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyue Duan
- Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufeng Dou
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Nan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, China
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Sun C, Wang L, Wang H, Huang T, Yao W, Li J, Zhang X. Single-cell RNA-seq highlights heterogeneity in human primary Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem/stromal cells cultured in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:149. [PMID: 32252818 PMCID: PMC7132901 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with a promising application potential in regenerative medicine and immunomodulation. However, MSCs cultured in vitro exhibit functional heterogeneity. The underlying molecular mechanisms that define MSC heterogeneity remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the gene expression profile via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of human primary Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJMSCs) cultured in vitro from three donors. We also isolated CD142+ and CD142- WJMSCs based on scRNA-seq data and compared their proliferation capacity and "wound healing" potential in vitro. Meanwhile, we analyzed publicly available adipose-derived MSC (ADMSCs) scRNA-seq data and performed transcriptome comparison between WJMSCs and ADMSCs at the single-cell level. RESULTS GO enrichment analysis of highly variable genes (HVGs) obtained from WJMSCs revealed that these genes are significantly enriched in extracellular region with binding function, involved in developmental process, signal transduction, cell proliferation, etc. Pathway analysis showed that these HVGs are associated with functional characteristics of classic MSCs, such as inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling, integrin signaling, and angiogenesis. After regressing out the batch and cell cycle effects, these HVGs were used for dimension reduction and clustering analysis to identify candidate subpopulations. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed the existence of several distinct subpopulations of MSCs that exhibit diverse functional characteristics related to proliferation, development, and inflammation response. In line with our data, sorted CD142+ and CD142- WJMSCs showed distinct proliferation capacity as well as "wound healing" potential. Although WJMSCs and ADMSCs were derived from different tissues and were displaying different differentiation potencies, their HVGs were largely overlapped and had similar functional enrichment. CONCLUSION HVGs identified in MSCs are associated with classic MSC function. Regarding therapeutic potential, these genes are associated with functional characteristics, on which the MSC clinical application were theoretically based, such as development and inflammation response. Altogether, these HVGs hold the potential to be used as candidate markers for further potency association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Sun
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Tingrun Huang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wenwen Yao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jing Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Kim K, Thorp H, Bou-Ghannam S, Grainger DW, Okano T. Stable cell adhesion affects mesenchymal stem cell sheet fabrication: Effects of fetal bovine serum and human platelet lysate. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:741-753. [PMID: 32212212 DOI: 10.1002/term.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell sheet technology exploits temperature responsive cell culture dishes (TRCDs) as versatile cell harvesting methods to yield contiguous cell monolayers robustly held together by cell-cell junctions, receptors, and endogenous extracellular matrix. More than 15 years of clinical data using autologous-sourced cell sheets demonstrate enhanced therapeutic properties through increased cell retention at target tissue sites. Recently, several preclinical studies have also been reported using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheets in wound healing, cardiac ischemia therapies, and pancreatic regeneration. However, optimized MSC sheet fabrication conditions have not yet been reported. In this study, we identified specific conditions for reliable human MSC sheet fabrication by comparing cell growth media supplements (fetal bovine serum [FBS] and human platelet lysate [hPL]). Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs cultured in FBS and hPL exhibit different actin cytoskeletal structures related to their cell morphologies and adhesion. MSCs cultured in FBS media showed stable cell adhesion on TRCDs with flattened cell shapes and aligned actin cytoskeletal structure. This stable cell adhesion enables production of consistent MSC cell sheets, with controlled cell sheet detachment. Conversely, cell sheet fabrication in hPL media exhibits poor reproducibility being more sensitive to temperature- and culture time-induced release due to weak cell adhesion. These findings suggest that stable MSC adhesion to TRCDs is important to reliable MSC sheet fabrication methods and that MSC growth media supplementation directly affects cell adhesion during culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hallie Thorp
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sophia Bou-Ghannam
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Maklakova IY, Grebnev DY, Yusupova VC, Krohalev VY. Homing of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Different Administration Routes in Old Laboratory Animals after Liver Resection. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057020010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Arzi B, Peralta S, Fiani N, Vapniarsky N, Taechangam N, Delatorre U, Clark KC, Walker NJ, Loscar MR, Lommer MJ, Fulton A, Battig J, Borjesson DL. A multicenter experience using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cats with chronic, non-responsive gingivostomatitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:115. [PMID: 32169089 PMCID: PMC7071622 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to modulate immune responses inspired a series of clinical trials addressing oral mucosal inflammation. We previously reported on the safety and efficacy of fresh, allogeneic and autologous, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to treat feline gingivostomatitis (FCGS), an oral mucosal inflammatory disease that shares similarities with human oral lichen planus. METHODS To meet clinical demand and goals for future commercialization, we determined the feasibility of shipping fresh ASCs to distant clinics and extended our pilot studies to expand safety and efficacy data for shipped and non-shipped ASCs in a cohort of 18 FCGS cats enrolled locally and at a few different locations within the USA. RESULTS We found that ASCs retained their viability, phenotype, and function after shipment. ASCs administered systemically resulted in a 72% positive response rate, identical to that noted in our previous studies. Cats that responded to ASC therapy had a significant decrease in circulating globulin concentration and histological evidence of decreased CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells in the oral mucosa. Responder cats also had significantly decreased percentages of CD8lo cells in blood prior to and at 3 months post-ASC therapy. CD8lo cells may serve as a potential "predictor" for response to systemic ASC therapy. CONCLUSION Fresh feline ASCs can be successfully shipped and administered to cats with FCGS. ASCs modulate the immune response and demonstrate efficacy for chronic oral mucosal inflammatory lesions that are characterized by CD8+ T cell inflammation and T cell activation. FCGS is a potentially useful naturally occurring large animal model of human oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nadine Fiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nopmanee Taechangam
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ubaldo Delatorre
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kaitlin C Clark
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Naomi J Walker
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Megan R Loscar
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, 9516, USA
| | - Milinda J Lommer
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Aggie Animal Dental Center, Mill Valley, California, USA
| | - Amy Fulton
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Aggie Animal Dental Center, Mill Valley, California, USA
| | - Jean Battig
- Animal Dental Clinic, Lake Oswego, OR, 97035, USA
| | - Dori L Borjesson
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Barisic D, Erb M, Follo M, Al-Mudaris D, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Lack of a skeletal muscle phenotype in adult human bone marrow stromal cells following xenogeneic-free expansion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32087752 PMCID: PMC7036219 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have elegantly shown that murine and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSCs) contribute to muscle regeneration and improve muscle function. Yet, the ability of transplanted human bmMSCs to manifest myogenic potential shows conflicting results. While human adipose- and umbilical cord-derived MSCs can be differentiated into a skeletal muscle phenotype using horse serum (HS), bmMSCs have only been shown to differentiate towards the skeletal muscle lineage using a complex mixture of cytokines followed by transfection with notch intracellular domain. Methods Since xenogeneic-free growth supplements are increasingly being used in the expansion of bmMSCs in clinical trials, we investigated the effects of human plasma and platelet lysate (P/PL) on the expression of neuromuscular markers and whether P/PL-expanded human bmMSCs could be differentiated towards a skeletal myogenic phenotype. Neuromuscular markers were measured using the highly sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for measuring the expression of Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, ACTA1, Desmin, GAP-43, and Coronin 1b transcripts, by performing immunofluorescence for the expression of Desmin, GAP-43, and MEF2, and flow cytometry for the expression of CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Results Despite that bmMSCs expressed the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) MEF2 after expansion in P/PL, bmMSCs cultured under such conditions did not express other essential MRFs including Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, or ACTA1 needed for myogenesis. Moreover, HS did not induce myogenesis of bmMSCs and hence did not induce the expression of any of these myogenic markers. P/PL, however, did lead to a significant increase in neurogenic GAP-43, as well as Desmin expression, and resulted in a high baseline expression of the neurogenic gene Coronin 1b which was sustained under further P/PL or HS culture conditions. Fetal bovine serum resulted in equally high levels of GAP-43 and Coronin 1b. Moreover, the proportion of CD56/NCAM-positive bmMSCs cultured in P/PL was 5.9 ± 2.1. Conclusions These data suggest that P/PL may prime a small portion of bmMSCs towards an early neural precursor cell type. Collectively, this shows that P/PL partially primes the cells towards a neurogenic phenotype, but does not prime adult human bmMSCs towards the skeletal muscle lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Barisic
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marita Erb
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dahlia Al-Mudaris
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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He F, Yu C, Liu T, Jia H. Ginsenoside Rg1 as an Effective Regulator of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1565. [PMID: 32038244 PMCID: PMC6989539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, breakthroughs have been made in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat various diseases. Several stem cell types have been authorized as drugs by the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Chinese official document “Notification of the management of stem cell clinical research (trial)” was also published in August 2015. Currently, China has approved 106 official stem cell clinical research filing agencies and 62 clinical research projects, which are mostly focused on MSC therapy. Hence, the optimization and development of stem cell drugs is imperative. During this process, maximizing MSC expansion, minimizing cell loss during MSC transplantation, improving the homing rate, precisely regulating the differentiation of MSCs, and reducing MSC senescence and apoptosis are major issues in MSC preclinical research. Similar to artemisinin extracted from the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua, ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from the root or stem of ginseng. In the human body, Rg1 regulates organ function, which is inseparable from its regulation of adult stem cells. Rg1 treatment may effectively regulate the proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis of MSCs in different microenvironments in vitro or in vivo. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the effect of Rg1 on MSCs and describe the issues that must be addressed and prospects regarding Rg1 regulation of MSCs in preclinical or clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Huilin Jia
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Kim K, Bou-Ghannam S, Okano T. Cell sheet tissue engineering for scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) tissue reconstruction. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 157:143-167. [PMID: 32334713 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of highly functional tissues is of great importance in advancing the clinical benefit of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In the last quarter century, many studies have found that by engineering a 3D microenvironment that resembles the in vivo tissue condition, cells exhibit behaviors and functions that reflect those of native tissue. Biomaterial scaffolds are a central technology for providing 3D microenvironments in vitro, and, in conjunction with diverse design and cell seeding advents, have produced highly functional and complex 3D tissues. Here, we describe a new approach to creating 3D cell-dense tissue-like constructs without a biomaterial scaffold. Cell sheet technology with cell sheet layering strategies generates highly cell dense, engineered tissue capable of direct crosstalk with the tissue-engraftment surface, in addition to paracrine-mediated signaling. In this chapter, we will introduce methods of reconstructing 3D tissue using cell sheet technology and the advantages of a scaffold-free design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Sophia Bou-Ghannam
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester Induces G 2/M Arrest in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the p53/p21 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7606238. [PMID: 31885624 PMCID: PMC6915012 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7606238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MSCs) are able to differentiate into adipocytes, which can secrete adipokines to affect BM-MSC proliferation and differentiation. Recent evidences indicated that adipocytes can secrete fatty acid metabolites, such as palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME), which is able to cause vasorelaxation and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, effects of PAME on BM-MSC proliferation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PAME on human BM-MSC (hBM-MSC) proliferation and its underlying molecular mechanisms. hBM-MSCs were treated with PAME for 48 h and then subjected to various analyses. The results from the present study show that PAME significantly reduced the levels of G2/M phase regulatory proteins, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), and cyclin B1 and inhibited proliferation in hBM-MSCs. Moreover, the level of Mdm2 protein decreased, while the levels of p21 and p53 protein increased in the PAME-treated hBM-MSCs. However, PAME treatment did not significantly affect apoptosis/necrosis, ROS generation, and the level of Cdc25C protein. PAME also induced intracellular acidosis and increased intracellular Ca2+ levels. Cotreatment with PAME and Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitors together further reduced the intracellular pH but did not affect the PAME-induced decreases of cell proliferation and increases of the cell population at the G2/M phase. Cotreatment with PAME and a calcium chelator together inhibited the PAME-increased intracellular Ca2+ levels but did not affect the PAME-induced cell proliferation inhibition and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the half-life of p53 protein was prolonged in the PAME-treated hBM-MSCs. Taken together, these results suggest that PAME induced p53 stabilization, which in turn increased the levels of p53/p21 proteins and decreased the levels of Cdk1/cyclin B1 proteins, thereby preventing the activation of Cdk1, and eventually caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The findings from the present study might help get insight into the physiological roles of PAME in regulating hBM-MSC proliferation.
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48
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Koaykul C, Kim MH, Kawahara Y, Yuge L, Kino-Oka M. Maintenance of Neurogenic Differentiation Potential in Passaged Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Simulated Microgravity Conditions. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1552-1561. [PMID: 31588849 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are considered to be able to adapt to environmental changes induced by gravity during cell expansion. In this study, we investigated neurogenic differentiation potential of passaged hMSCs under conventional gravity and simulated microgravity conditions. Immunostaining, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analysis of neurogenic differentiation markers, neurofilament heavy (NF-H), and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) revealed that differentiated cells from the cells cultured under simulated microgravity conditions expressed higher neurogenic levels than those from conventional gravity conditions. The levels of NF-H and MAP2 in the cells from simulated microgravity conditions were consistent during passage culture, whereas cells from conventional gravity conditions exhibited a reduction of the neurogenic levels against an increase of their passage number. In growth culture, cells under simulated microgravity conditions showed less apical stress fibers over their nucleus with fewer cells having a polarization of lamin A/C than those under conventional gravity conditions. The ratio of lamin A/C to lamin B expression in the cells under simulated microgravity conditions was constant; however, cells cultured under conventional gravity conditions showed an increase in the lamin ratio during passages. Furthermore, analysis of activating H3K4me3 and repressive H3K27me3 modifications at promoters of neuronal lineage genes indicated that cells passaged under simulated microgravity conditions sustained the methylation during serial cultivation. Nevertheless, the enrichment of H3K27me3 significantly increased in the passaged cells cultured under conventional gravity conditions. These results demonstrated that simulated microgravity-coordinated cytoskeleton-lamin reorganization leads to suppression of histone modification associated with neurogenic differentiation capacity of passaged hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyong Koaykul
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Louis Yuge
- Space Bio-Laboratories Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.,Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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49
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Nakao M, Kim K, Nagase K, Grainger DW, Kanazawa H, Okano T. Phenotypic traits of mesenchymal stem cell sheets fabricated by temperature-responsive cell culture plate: structural characteristics of MSC sheets. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:353. [PMID: 31779694 PMCID: PMC6883536 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most stem cell therapy strategies reported to date, stem cells are introduced to damaged tissue sites to repair and regenerate the original tissue structure and function. MSC therapeutic efficacies are inconsistent, largely attributed to transplanted MSC difficulties both in engrafting at tissue sites and in retaining their therapeutic functions from suspension formulations. MSC functional components, including cell adhesion and cell–cell junction proteins, and ECM that contribute to essential cellular therapeutic effects, are damaged or removed by proteolytic enzymes used in stem cell harvesting strategies from culture. To overcome these limitations, methods to harvest and transplant cells without disrupting critical stem cell functions are required. Cell sheet technology, exploiting temperature-responsive cell culture surfaces, permits cell harvest without cell protein damage. This study is focused on phenotypic traits of MSC sheets structurally and functionally to understand therapeutic benefits of cell sheets. Methods/results This study verified cleaved cellular proteins (vinculin, fibronectin, laminin, integrin β-1, and connexin 43) and increased apoptotic cell death produced under standard trypsin harvesting treatment in a time-dependent manner. However, MSC sheets produced without trypsin using only temperature-controlled sheet harvest from culture plastic exhibited intact cellular structures. Also, MSCs harvested using enzymatic treatment (i.e., chemical disruption) showed higher pYAP expression compared to MSC sheets. Conclusion Retention of cellular structures such as ECM, cell–cell junctions, and cell–ECM junctions is correlated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) survival after detachment from cell culture surfaces. Retaining these proteins intact in MSC cultures using cell sheet technology is proposed to enhance stem cell survival and their function in stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Health Sciences, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Health Sciences, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - David W Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Health Sciences, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Health Sciences, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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50
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Human mesenchymal stem cell sheets in xeno-free media for possible allogenic applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14415. [PMID: 31595012 PMCID: PMC6783458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are increasingly focused on allogeneic stem cell sources because of several advantages in eliminating donor variability (e.g., aging and disease pathophysiology) affecting stem cell quality and in cell-banked sourcing of healthy donors to enable “off-the-shelf” products. However, allogeneic cell therapy is limited by host patient immunologic competence and inconsistent performance due to cell delivery methods. To address allogeneic cell therapy limitations, this study developed a new allogeneic stem cell sheet using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) that present low antigenicity (i.e., major histocompatibility complex, MHC). Optimal conditions including cell density, passage number, and culture time were examined to fabricate reliable hUC-MSC sheets. MHC II antigens correlated to alloimmune rejection were barely expressed in hUC-MSC sheets compared to other comparator MSC sheets (hBMSC and hADSC). hUC-MSC sheets easily graft spontaneously onto subcutaneous tissue in immune-deficient mice within 10 minutes of placement. No sutures are required to secure sheets to tissue because sheet extracellular matrix (ECM) actively facilitates cell-target tissue adhesion. At 10 days post-transplantation, hUC-MSC sheets remain on ectopic target tissue sites and exhibit new blood vessel formation. Furthermore, implanted hUC-MSC sheets secrete human HGF continuously to the murine target tissue. hUC-MSC sheets described here should provide new insights for improving allogenic cell-based therapies.
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