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Sierawska O, Sawczuk M. Interaction between Selected Adipokines and Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Systems: A Review of Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17287. [PMID: 38139115 PMCID: PMC10743430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are substances secreted by adipose tissue that are receiving increasing attention. The approach to adipose tissue has changed in recent years, and it is no longer looked at as just a storage organ but its secretion and how it influences systems in the human body are also looked at. The role of adipokine seems crucial in developing future therapies for pathologies of selected systems. In this study, we look at selected adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, omentin-1, nesfatin, irisin-1, visfatin, apelin, vaspin, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and TGF-β2, and how they affect systems in the human body related to physical activity such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sierawska
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, 70-384 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
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2
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Harun NH, Froemming GRA, Mohd Ismail A, Nawawi H, Mokhtar SS, Abd Muid S. Osteoblast Demineralization Induced by Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein via the Inflammatory Pathway Is Suppressed by Adiponectin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314616. [PMID: 36498945 PMCID: PMC9740717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low mineralization activity by human osteoblast cells (HOBs) indicates abnormal bone remodeling that potentially leads to osteoporosis. Oxidation, the most prominent form of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) modification, is suggested to affect bone mineralization through the inflammatory pathway. Adiponectin, which possesses anti-inflammatory activity, is postulated to have the ability to suppress the detrimental effects of oxidized HDL (oxHDL). This study aimed to investigate the effects of HDL before and after oxidation on markers of mineralization and inflammation. The protective effects of adiponectin on demineralization and inflammation induced by oxHDL were also investigated. OxHDL at 100 µg/mL protein had the highest inhibitory effect on mineralization, followed by lower calcium incorporation. OxHDL also had significantly lower expression of a mineralization marker (COL1A2) and higher expression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and RELA proto-oncogene, NF-κβ (p65)) compared to the unstimulated control group. These findings suggest that oxHDL reduces the mineralization activity of HOBs by increasing the expression of inflammatory markers. Interestingly, co-incubation of adiponectin and oxHDL in HOBs resulted in higher expression of mineralization markers (ALPL, COL1A2, BGLAP, and RUNX2) and significantly reduced all targeted inflammatory markers compared to the oxHDL groups. On the contrary, HDL increased the expression of mineralization markers (COL1A2 and STAT-3) and exhibited lower expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), proving the protective effect of HDL beyond the reverse cholesterol transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hanisa Harun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gabriele Ruth Anisah Froemming
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Aletza Mohd Ismail
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hapizah Nawawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerforM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Shuhada Mokhtar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Abd Muid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerforM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-361267338
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3
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New concepts in regulation and function of the FGF23. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00844-x. [PMID: 35708778 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which has been widely studied over the last several decades, phosphate homeostasis is little understood. The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/vitamin D axis has traditionally been used as a conceptual framework for understanding mineral metabolism. Recently, the fundamental regulator of phosphate homeostasis, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is produced by osteocytes and is involved in the hormonal bone-parathyroid-kidney axis, has attracted more attention. The secretion of FGF23 is controlled by diet, serum phosphate levels, PTH, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. FGF-23, the FGF receptors and the obligate co-receptor α-Klotho work in concert to affect FGF-23 actions on targeted organs. Despite all efforts to investigate pleotropic effects of FGF23 in various endocrine organs, many aspects of the regulation and functions of FGF23 and the exact crosstalk among FGF23, serum phosphate, calcium, PTH, and vitamin D in the regulation of mineral homeostasis remain unclear; much efforts need to be established before it can be moved toward therapeutic applications. In this regard, we provide a brief overview of the novel findings in the regulation and function of FGF23 and refer to related questions and hypotheses not answered yet, which can be a window for future projects. We also focus on the current knowledge about the role of FGF23 obtained from our researches in recent years.
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Natsuki Y, Morioka T, Fukumoto S, Kakutani Y, Yamazaki Y, Ochi A, Kurajoh M, Mori K, Shoji T, Imanishi Y, Inaba M, Emoto M. Role of adiponectin in the relationship between visceral adiposity and fibroblast growth factor 23 in non-diabetic men with normal kidney function. Endocr J 2022; 69:121-129. [PMID: 34497173 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a key regulator of phosphate metabolism. Circulating FGF23 levels are associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease in the general population, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the associations between serum FGF23 levels and visceral adiposity as well as serum adiponectin levels in 189 adults without diabetes and with normal kidney function who were selected from the MedCity21 health examination registry. The exclusion criteria included diabetes mellitus or impaired kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Levels of serum FGF23 and total adiponectin, and visceral fat area (VFA) on computed tomography images were measured. Serum FGF23 levels were higher and VFA was greater, whereas serum adiponectin levels were lower in men than in women. Serum FGF23 levels positively correlated with VFA in men; they remained marginally significant after adjusting for age, eGFR, and serum levels of calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Importantly, when serum adiponectin levels were included as a covariate, serum adiponectin levels comprised an independent determinant of serum FGF23 levels in men, whereas VFA did not. In conclusion, lower serum adiponectin, rather than a greater VFA, was associated with higher serum FGF23 levels in non-diabetic men with normal kidney function. These findings suggest that adiponectin plays a role in the relationship between visceral adiposity and FGF23 in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Natsuki
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kakutani
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamazaki
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ochi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imanishi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Avilkina V, Chauveau C, Ghali Mhenni O. Sirtuin function and metabolism: Role in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue and their crosstalk impacting bone homeostasis. Bone 2022; 154:116232. [PMID: 34678494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are members of the nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent family of enzymes critical for histone deacetylation and posttranslational modification of proteins. Sirtuin family members regulate a wide spectrum of biological processes and are best known for maintaining longevity. Sirtuins are well characterized in metabolic tissues such as the pancreas, liver and adipose tissue (AT). They are regulated by a diverse range of stimuli, including nutrients and metabolic changes within the organism. Indeed, nutrient-associated conditions, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN), were found to be associated with bone fragility development in osteoporosis. Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that sirtuins, more specifically SIRT1, can regulate bone activity. Various studies have demonstrated the importance of sirtuins in bone in the regulation of bone homeostasis and maintenance of the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. However, to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of bone homeostasis during overnutrition (obesity) or undernutrition, it is crucial to examine a wider picture and to determine the pancreatic, liver and adipose tissue pathway crosstalk responsible for bone loss. Particularly, under AN conditions, sirtuin family members are highly expressed in metabolic tissue, but this phenomenon is reversed in bone, and severe bone loss has been observed in human subjects. AN-associated bone loss may be connected to SIRT1 deficiency; however, additional factors may interfere with bone homeostasis. Thus, in this review, we focus on sirtuin activity in the pancreas, liver and AT in cases of over- and undernutrition, especially the regulation of their secretome by sirtuins. Furthermore, we examine how the secretome of the pancreas, liver and AT affects bone homeostasis, focusing on undernutrition. This review aims to lead to a better understanding of the crosstalk between sirtuins, metabolic organs and bone. In long term prospective it should contribute to promote improvement of therapeutic strategies for the prevention of metabolic diseases and the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Avilkina
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olfa Ghali Mhenni
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Hong J, Ye F, Yu B, Gao J, Qi F, Wang W. Identification of the specific microRNAs and competitive endogenous RNA mechanisms in osteoporosis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520954722. [PMID: 33021861 PMCID: PMC7543140 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520954722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are metabolic skeletal disorders. This study
aimed to identify specific networks of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in
osteoporosis that differ from those in osteoarthritis. Methods The dataset GSE74209 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and
differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in osteoporotic samples and
osteoarthritic samples were identified. After predicting target genes and
linked long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, ceRNA networks of DEmiRNAs were
constructed. The nodes that overlapped between ceRNA networks and the
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database were selected as key candidates. Results Fifteen DEmiRNAs (including 2 downregulated and 13 upregulated miRNAs) were
identified in osteoporotic samples versus osteoarthritic samples; these
targeted 161 genes and linked to 60 lncRNAs. The ceRNA network consisted of
6 DEmiRNAs, 63 target genes, and 53 lncRNAs. After searching the Comparative
Toxicogenomics Database and mining the literature, 2 lncRNAs
(MALAT1 and NEAT1), 2 DEmiRNAs
(hsa-miR-32-3p,
downregulated; and hsa-miR-22-3p, upregulated) and 6 genes
(SP1, PTEN, ESR1,
ERBB3, CSF1R, and
CDK6) that relate to cell death, growth, and
differentiation were identified as key candidates separating osteoporosis
from osteoarthritis. Conclusions Two miRNA–ceRNA networks (including
NEAT1/MALAT1-hsa-miR-32-3p-SP1/FZD6
and
NEAT1/MALAT1-hsa-miR-22-3p-PTEN/ESR1/ERBB3/CSF1R/CDK6)
might have crucial and specific roles in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fusheng Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Binjia Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feicheng Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Roomi AB, Nori W, Al-Badry SH. The Value of Serum Adiponectin in Osteoporotic Women: Does Weight Have an Effect? J Obes 2021; 2021:5325813. [PMID: 34796028 PMCID: PMC8595024 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5325813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) has been observed to have a deleterious effect on postmenopausal women's life quality by increasing the risk of fragility fractures. The current research was adopted to verify the role of serum adiponectin, a cytokine released by adipose tissue, as a marker for OP across different body mass index groups, for a better understanding of fatty tissue role in OP. A case-control study recruited 210 eligible postmenopausal women and subgrouped into three groups based on their DEXA scan results: osteoporotic group, osteopenia group, and healthy controls; each includes 70 patients. Three datasets were collected: anthropometric, age, menopause duration, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and fat percentage. Radiological examination estimated the bone mineral density (BMD) for the femoral neck and lumbar spines with their respective T-score. From blood, we measured alkaline phosphatase and calcium by a spectrophotometer and serum adiponectin, phosphate, CTX, and PICP by ELIZA. Total BMD, T-score, serum phosphate, and PICP were significantly higher among healthy controls. Serum adiponectin, CTX, and ALP scored higher levels among OP cases. A strong inverse relationship was proved between serum adiponectin and T-score in osteoporotic and osteopenia groups (-0.427, -0.301). A strong negative relationship was found between serum adiponectin and total BMD in healthy controls (-0.204). All correlations were statistically significant, P value <0.001. Serum adiponectin can be a valuable marker for reduced bone mineral density among the general populace, irrespective of the body mass index. Further research is warranted to explore therapeutic and preventive applications for this adipocytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali B. Roomi
- Ministry of Education, Directorate of Education Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
- Biochemistry and Biological Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
| | - Wassan Nori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq
| | - Saad H. Al-Badry
- Ministry of Education, Directorate of Education Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
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8
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Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are two sides of the same coin paid for obesity. Nutrition 2020; 70:110486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Parveen B, Parveen A, Vohora D. Biomarkers of Osteoporosis: An Update. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:895-912. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190204165207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone quality and strength is
associated with bone fragility and fracture risk. Biomarkers are crucial for the diagnosis or prognosis
of a disease as well as elucidating the mechanism of drug action and improve decision making.
Objective:
An exhaustive description of traditional markers including bone mineral density, vitamin D,
alkaline phosphatase, along with potential markers such as microarchitectural determination, trabecular
bone score, osteocalcin, etc. is provided in the current piece of work. This review provides insight into
novel pathways such as the Wnt signaling pathway, neuro-osseous control, adipogenic hormonal imbalance,
gut-bone axis, genetic markers and the role of inflammation that has been recently implicated
in osteoporosis.
Methods:
We extensively reviewed articles from the following databases: PubMed, Medline and Science
direct. The primary search was conducted using a combination of the following keywords: osteoporosis,
bone, biomarkers, bone turnover markers, diagnosis, density, architecture, genetics, inflammation.
Conclusion:
Early diagnosis and intervention delay the development of disease and improve treatment
outcome. Therefore, probing for novel biomarkers that are able to recognize people at high risk for
developing osteoporosis is an effective way to improve the quality of life of patients and to understand
the pathomechanism of the disease in a better way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Parveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Department of Clinical Research, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
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Shi X, Zhang Z. MicroRNA-135a-5p is involved in osteoporosis progression through regulation of osteogenic differentiation by targeting RUNX2. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2393-2400. [PMID: 31555350 PMCID: PMC6755271 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of microRNAs (miRs) have been revealed to be involved in the development of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate miR-135a-5p expression and the cellular function of miR-135a-5p and its underlying mechanism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. miR-135a-5p expression levels in the femoral neck trabecular bone tissue fragments from postmenopausal women with or without osteoporosis were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The role of miR-135a-5p during osteogenic differentiation was examined by performing gain- and loss-of-function experiments using miR-135a-5p mimic or inhibitor. TargetScan bioinformatics analysis was sued to predict targets of miR-135a-5p, which were confirmed using luciferase reporter assays. miR-135a-5p expression was significantly upregulated in femoral neck trabecular bone tissue fragments from postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. In addition, miR-135a-5p expression levels significantly decreased during osteogenic differentiation in the C2C12 cell model. miR-135a-5p overexpression decreased the osteogenic potential of C2C12 cells, as miR-135a-5p overexpression significantly reduced the expression levels of several key osteoblast markers, whilst miR-135a-5p knockdown had the opposite effect. Furthermore, the current study demonstrated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-135a-5p. Rescue experiments indicated that RUNX2 overexpression significantly reversed the effect of miR-135a-5p mimic on the osteogenic potential of C2C12 cells, indicating that miR-135a-5p mediates osteogenic differentiation via direct targeting of RUNX2. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-135a-5p may serve a role in osteoporosis progression by regulating osteogenic differentiation via RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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Azizieh FY, Shehab D, Al Jarallah K, Mojiminiyi O, Gupta R, Raghupathy R. Circulatory pattern of cytokines, adipokines and bone markers in postmenopausal women with low BMD. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:99-108. [PMID: 31118735 PMCID: PMC6503650 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s203590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In addition to some well-characterized bone turnover markers (BTMs), cytokines and adipokines have also been suggested to be linked to osteoporosis seen in menopause. However, there is much controversy on the possible association between these markers and bone mineral density (BMD). This study was aimed at measuring circulatory levels of selected cytokines, adipokines and BTMs in postmenopausal women with normal and low BMD. Methods: The study population included 71 post-menopausal women, of whom 25 had normal BMD, 31 had osteopenia and 13 had osteoporosis. Circulatory levels of selected pro-resorptive (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17), anti-resorptive (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β) and five adipokine markers (adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin-2/NGAL, PAI-1 and resistin) were measured using the Multiplex system and read on the Magpix ELISA platform. Further, two bone turnover markers (PINP, CTX) as well as estradiol levels were assayed from the same samples. Results: While circulatory levels of cytokines were comparable between groups, women with low BMD had statistically significantly higher median circulatory levels of adipokines as compared to those with normal BMD. Further, while levels of CTX were not different between the two groups; PINP, PINP/CTX ratio and estradiol levels were significantly lower in women with low BMD. Levels of adiponectin, PINP, PINP/CTX ratio and estradiol correlated significantly with BMD of the hip and spine. Conclusion: The associations between various markers and BMD are complex and multivariate. Our data provide insights into the possible use of circulatory levels of cytokines, adipokines and bone turnover markers on the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis because of the well-documented effects of these molecules on bone tissue and their relevance to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Y Azizieh
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, International Centre for Applied Mathematics and Computational Bioengineering, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Diaa Shehab
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Al Jarallah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Olusegun Mojiminiyi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Raj Raghupathy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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12
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S. Exploring the potential of tocotrienol from Bixa orellana as a single agent targeting metabolic syndrome and bone loss. Bone 2018; 116:8-21. [PMID: 29990585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with osteoporosis due to the underlying inflammatory and hormonal changes. Annatto tocotrienol has been shown to improve medical complications associated with MetS or bone loss in animal studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of annatto tocotrienol as a single treatment for MetS and osteoporosis in high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet-induced MetS animals. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The baseline group was euthanized at the onset of the study. The normal group received standard rat chow and tap water. The remaining groups received HCHF diet and treated with three different regimens orally daily: (a) tocopherol-stripped corn oil (the vehicle of tocotrienol), (b) 60 mg/kg annatto tocotrienol, and (c) 100 mg/kg annatto tocotrienol. At the end of the study, measurements of MetS parameters, body compositions, and bone mineral density were performed in animals before sacrifice. Upon euthanasia, blood and femur of the rats were harvested for the evaluations of bone microstructure, biomechanical strength, remodelling activities, hormonal changes, and inflammatory response. Treatment with annatto tocotrienol improved all MetS parameters (except abdominal obesity), trabecular bone microstructure, bone strength, increased osteoclast number, normalized hormonal changes and inflammatory response in the HCHF animals. In conclusion, annatto tocotrienol is a potential agent for managing MetS and osteoporosis concurrently. The beneficial effects of annatto tocotrienol may be attributed to its ability to prevent the hormonal changes and pro-inflammatory state in animals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farihah Hj Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S. The Effects of Vitamin E from Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) in a Rat Model of Bone Loss Due to Metabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091828. [PMID: 30149518 PMCID: PMC6164987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of vitamin E in improving components of MetS or bone loss have been established. This study aimed to investigate the potential of palm vitamin E (PVE) as a single agent, targeting MetS and bone loss concurrently, using a MetS animal model. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The baseline group was sacrificed upon arrival. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The remaining three groups were fed with high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet and treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil (vehicle), 60 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PVE. At the end of the study, the rats were evaluated for MetS parameters and bone density. After euthanasia, blood and femurs were harvested for the evaluation of lipid profile, bone histomorphometric analysis, and remodeling markers. PVE improved blood pressure, glycemic status, and lipid profile; increased osteoblast surface, osteoid surface, bone volume, and trabecular thickness, as well as decreased eroded surface and single-labeled surface. Administration of PVE also significantly reduced leptin level in the HCHF rats. PVE is a potential agent in concurrently preventing MetS and protecting bone loss. This may be, in part, achieved by reducing the leptin level and modulating the bone remodeling activity in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Farihah Hj Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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14
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Pal China S, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Adiponectin signaling and its role in bone metabolism. Cytokine 2018; 112:116-131. [PMID: 29937410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most prevalent adipo-cytokine in plasma plays critical metabolic and anti-inflammatory roles is fast emerging as an important molecular target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Adiponectin action is critical in multiple organs including cardio-vascular system, muscle, liver, adipose tissue, brain and bone. Adiponectin signaling in bone has been a topic of active investigation lately. Human association studies and multiple mice models of gene deletion/modification failed to define a clear cause and effect of adiponectin signaling in bone. The most plausible reason could be the multimeric forms of adiponectin that display differential binding to receptors (adipoR1 and adipoR2) with cell-specific receptor variants in bone. Discovery of small molecule agonist of adipoR1 suggested a salutary role of this receptor in bone metabolism. The downstream signaling of adipoR1 in osteoblasts involves stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation leading to increased differentiation via the likely suppression of wnt inhibitor, sclerostin. On the other hand, the inflammation modulatory effect of adiponectin signaling suppresses the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand) - to - OPG (osteprotegerin) ratio in osteoblasts leading to the suppression of osteoclastogenic response. This review will discuss the adiponectin signaling and its role in skeletal homeostasis and critically assess whether adipoR1 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamsundar Pal China
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India.
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Waragai M, Ho G, Takamatsu Y, Shimizu Y, Sugino H, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Masliah E, Hashimoto M. Dual-therapy strategy for modification of adiponectin receptor signaling in aging-associated chronic diseases. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1305-1311. [PMID: 29747002 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Given the paradigm of anti-insulin resistance in therapies for metabolic syndrome, there has been considerable interest in adiponectin (APN), an adipocyte-derived sensitizer of insulin receptor signaling. In contrast to hypoadiponectinemia in metabolic syndrome, evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases, including chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are characterized by hyperadiponectinemia as well as the APN/obesity paradoxes, indicating that a decrease in APN might also be beneficial for these diseases. Thus, distinct from metabolic syndrome, it is anticipated that APN receptor antagonists rather than agonists might be effective in therapy for some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- The PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Shimizu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sugino
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Stojanovic S, Arsenijevic N, Djukic A, Djukic S, Zivancevic Simonovic S, Jovanovic M, Pejnovic N, Nikolic V, Zivanovic S, Stefanovic M, Petrovic D. ADIPONECTIN AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:201-207. [PMID: 31149258 PMCID: PMC6516524 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adiponectin is an abundant adipokine, which has antiinflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and vasoprotective actions, and potential antiresorptive effects on bone metabolism. It seems to be directly involved in the improvement and control of energy homeostasis, protecting bone health and predicting osteoporotic fracture risk. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between adiponectin level and bone mineral density (BMD) in post-menopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low BMD, and to estimate the prognostic significance of adiponectin in osteoporosis. DESIGN Clinical-laboratory cross-sectional study including 120 middle-aged and elder women (average 69.18±7.56 years). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The anthropometric parameters were measured for all examinees. Lumbar spine and hip BMD, as well as body fat percentage, were measured using a Hologic DEXA scanner. In all subjects serum adiponectin concentration was measured by ELISA method. RESULTS The level of adiponectin was significantly positively correlated with BMD-total, BMD of the lumbar spine and BMD of the femoral neck (r=0.618, r=0.521, r=0.567; p<0.01). Levels of adiponectin and BMD are significantly lower in post-menopausal women with MetS and osteoporosis compared to patients with osteopenia (856.87±453.43 vs. 1287.32±405.21 pg/mL, p<0.01; BMD, p<0.05), and the highest values in healthy examinees. A cut-off value of adiponectin level for osteoporosis/osteopenia was 1076.22/1392.74 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Post-menopausal women with MetS have significantly lower adiponectin level and low BMD compared to healthy examinees. Adiponectin may be an early, significant and independent predictor of developing osteoporosis in women with MetS, especially in post-menopausal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.S. Stojanovic
- “Niska Banja” Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, Nis, Serbia
| | - N.A. Arsenijevic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Nis, Serbia
| | - A. Djukic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Nis, Serbia
| | - S. Djukic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - M. Jovanovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Nis, Serbia
| | - N. Pejnovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Nis, Serbia
| | - V. Nikolic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Nis, Serbia
| | - S. Zivanovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - D. Petrovic
- “Niska Banja” Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, Nis, Serbia
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17
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Bhattacharyya S, Pal S, Chattopadhyay N. Targeted inhibition of sclerostin for post-menopausal osteoporosis therapy: A critical assessment of the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:39-47. [PMID: 29476877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Promising news in the treatment of osteoporosis is that sequestering sclerostin from circulation with antibodies stimulates robust bone formation. Pre-clinical studies on rodents and monkeys have confirmed that treatment with anti-sclerostin monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) increases bone mass, improves bone strength and enhances fracture repair. Clinical trials show that bone gain (anabolic effect) is transient and are primarily at central (spine and hips) than peripheral (wrist) sites. Interestingly Scl-Ab also inhibited bone resorption. Thus Scl-Ab is being regarded as the pharmacologic agent with dual properties - stimulating bone formation and decreasing bone resorption. Sclerostin neutralization transiently increases bone formation markers in post-menopausal women and like parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates osteoblasts and lining cells resulting in bone anabolic effect. However, unlike PTH, sclerostin antibody also decreases bone resorption (anti-catabolic). Although, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have accepted the Biologics License Application for one of the monoclonal antibodies against sclerostin (romosozumab) for review, many questions remain before romosozumab can be introduced as a skeletal anabolic agent to clinical practice. For example, neutralizing sclerostin alters calcium homeostasis and increases PTH. In addition, sclerostin depletion in preclinical studies has been reported to severely compromises B cell depletion in bone marrow. We have reviewed the currently available evidences that support the use of sclerostin antibody in treating osteoporosis and compare its efficacy and mechanism of action with the currently available anabolic drug, human PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Bhattacharyya
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Women Scientist, DBT-BIO-Care, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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18
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Association between circulatory levels of adipokines and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2018; 23:984-92. [PMID: 27433863 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological evidence indicates that excess fat may be beneficial for bone health, offering protective effects against the onset of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Experimental data suggest that this link might be due to the direct effect of adipokines on bone tissue. Confirmatory evidence of this association, however, remains limited. METHODS The levels of a panel of selected adipokines including interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -1β, adipsin, lipocalin-2/neutrophil gelatinase-associated ipocalin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, hepatocyte growth factor, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin in a group of osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women were compared with those of unaffected women (n = 127). RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that leptin and adiponectin were significantly correlated with bone mineral density (BMD). In particular, leptin was positively associated with BMD of the spine (r = 0.22, P < 0.05), femoral neck (r = 0.23, P < 0.05), trochanter (r = 0.20, P < 0.05), and total hip (r = 0.27, P < 0.01), whereas adiponectin was inversely correlated with BMD at the trochanter (r = -0.21, P < 0.05). No correlations were, however, significant after adjusting for body fat variables. Stratification of the sample according to IL-6 levels revealed that adiponectin remained significantly inversely associated with BMD, regardless of fat levels and age (β=-0.29, P < 0.05; r = 0.198) in the subgroup of participants with low levels of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that circulating adiponectin is inversely associated with markers of bone health in postmenopausal women, and that the interaction is influenced by IL-6 levels.
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Hamilton EJ, Davis WA, Bruce DG, Davis TME. Risk and associates of incident hip fracture in type 1 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 134:153-160. [PMID: 29054483 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the relative risk of incident hip fracture in patients with type 1 diabetes and matched controls, to examine baseline associates of incident hip fracture in the patients with type 1 diabetes, and to compare hip fracture rates in age- and sex-matched patients with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. METHODS Longitudinal observational study of 121 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean ± SD age 43.0 ± 15.5 years, 59.5% male) and 484 age- and sex-matched adults without diabetes. Age and sex matching was possible for 93 pairs of type 1 and type 2 participants. The main outcome measure was incident hip fracture hospitalisation. RESULTS During a mean ± SD 14.5 ± 5.8 years of follow-up, the incidence rate ratio for first hip fracture hospitalisation in type 1 participants versus residents without diabetes was 6.39 (95% CI 1.94-22.35, P < .001). In Cox proportional hazards modelling, type 1 diabetes was associated with cause-specific hazard ratio (csHR) for hip fracture of 7.11 (2.45-20.64, P < .001) after age and sex adjustment. Hip fracture in type 1 participants was associated with older age, osteoporosis treatment, depressive symptoms, ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, serum HDL-cholesterol, albuminuria and serum adiponectin (P ≤ 0.047); associations remained for the first three of these variables after adjustment for age and body mass index (P ≤ 0.025). The csHR for incident hip fracture was 5.32 (1.12-25.37, P = .036) for type 1 versus 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Hip fracture risk is markedly elevated in type 1 diabetes compared with age and sex-matched individuals without diabetes and with type 2 diabetes from the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Hamilton
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Wendy A Davis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - David G Bruce
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Timothy M E Davis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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20
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The temporal expression of adipokines during spinal fusion. Spine J 2017. [PMID: 28647583 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Adipokines are secreted by white adipose tissue and have been associated with fracture healing. Our goal was to report the temporal expression of adipokines during spinal fusion in an established rabbit model. PURPOSE Our goal was to report the temporal expression of adipokines during spinal fusion in an established rabbit model. STUDY DESIGN The study design included a laboratory animal model. METHODS New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to either sham surgery (n=2), unilateral posterior spinal fusion (n=14), or bilateral posterior spinal fusion (n=14). Rabbits were euthanized 1-6 and 10 weeks out from surgery. Fusion was evaluated by radiographs, manual palpation, and histology. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on the bone fusion mass catalogued the gene expression of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at each time point. Results were normalized to the internal control gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (2^ΔCt), and control bone sites (2^ΔΔCt). Quantitative data were analyzed by two-factor analysis of variance (p<.05). RESULTS Manual palpation scores, radiograph scores, and histologic findings showed progression of boney fusion over time (p<.0003). The frequency of fusion by palpation after 4 weeks was 68.75%. Leptin expression in decortication and bone graft sites peaked at 5 weeks after the fusion procedure (p=.0143), adiponectin expression was greatest 1 week after surgery (p<.001), VEGF expression peaked at 4 weeks just after initial increases in leptin expression (p<.001), and resistin decreased precipitously 1 week after the fusion procedure (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Leptin expression is likely associated with the maturation phase of bone fusion. Adiponectin and resistin may play a role early on during the fusion process. Our results suggest that leptin expression may be upstream of VEGF expression during spinal fusion, and both appear to play an important role in bone spinal fusion.
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21
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Jing L, Jia XW. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide arbitrates palmitate-induced apoptosis in MC3T3‑E1 cells through decreasing the activation of ERS‑mediated apoptosis pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2415-2421. [PMID: 29207092 PMCID: PMC5783487 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitate (PA) has been identified to induce cell apoptosis in osteoblasts. The c-Jun NH2-teminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were found to be important contributors. Therefore, natural or synthetic agents may antagonize PA-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts, and demonstrate the potential application to reverse osteoporosis. The present study demonstrated that the Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is as a major active ingredient of Lycium barbarum and that it can reduce the fatty acid toxicity of PA. Furthermore, this study attempted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of LBP. Firstly, it was demonstrated via a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, that LBP could significantly increase the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that LBP inhibits PA-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting results showed that the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein and cysteinyl asparate specific proteinase-3/-9/-12, were increased in MC3T3-E1 cells following PA treatment. The treatment of the cells with PA resulted in an activation of the ERS and the JNK signaling pathway. These pathways were effectively suppressed by co-incubation with LBP. Taken together, PA may cause ERS, in cell apoptosis, and it may further activate the JNK signaling pathway. LBP reversed PA-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells through inhibition of the activation of the ERS-mediated JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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22
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Chen LW, Chen FP, Hsieh CW, Kuo SF, Chien RN. Analysis of the associations among Helicobacter pylori infection, adiponectin, leptin, and 10-year fracture risk using the fracture risk assessment tool: A cross-sectional community-based study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175365. [PMID: 28388631 PMCID: PMC5384782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may induce inflammatory cytokines or adipokines that influence bone turnover and bone fracture risk. This study aimed to evaluate the association among H. pylori infection, adipokines, and 10-year fracture risk using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool scale. From August 2013 to February 2016, a community-based cohort was surveyed by Keelung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital. Subjects were included if they were older than 40 years and not pregnant. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire survey, physical examination, urea breath test, and blood tests. A total of 2,689 participants (1,792 women) were included in this cross-sectional study. In both sexes, participants with a high fracture risk were older and had higher adiponectin values than participants without a high fracture risk (mean age, female: 72.9 ± 5.6 vs. 55.8 ± 7.3 years, P < 0.0001; male: 78.9 ± 4.7 vs. 58.1 ± 8.9 years, P < 0.001) (adiponectin, female: 10.8 ± 6.3 vs. 8.7 ± 5.2 ng/ml, P < 0.001; male: 9.7 ± 6.1 vs. 5.5 ± 3.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Adiponectin was correlated with high fracture risk in both sexes, but H. pylori infection and leptin was not. In logistic regression analysis, adiponectin could not predict high fracture risk when adjusting the factor of body mass index (BMI) in men group. In conclusion, H. pylori infection and leptin could not predict 10-year fracture risk in either sex. Adiponectin was correlated with bone fracture risk in both sexes and the correlation might be from the influence of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
- Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The rising incidence of metabolic diseases worldwide has prompted renewed interest in the study of intermediary metabolism and cellular bioenergetics. The application of modern biochemical methods for quantitating fuel substrate metabolism with advanced mouse genetic approaches has greatly increased understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the whole organism. Examination of the intermediary metabolism of skeletal cells has been sparked by a series of unanticipated observations in genetically modified mice that suggest the existence of novel endocrine pathways through which bone cells communicate their energy status to other centers of metabolic control. The recognition of this expanded role of the skeleton has in turn led to new lines of inquiry directed at defining the fuel requirements and bioenergetic properties of bone cells. This article provides a comprehensive review of historical and contemporary studies on the metabolic properties of bone cells and the mechanisms that control energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. Special attention is devoted to identifying gaps in our current understanding of this new area of skeletal biology that will require additional research to better define the physiological significance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Menzel J, Di Giuseppe R, Biemann R, Aleksandrova K, Kuxhaus O, Wittenbecher C, Fritsche A, Schulze MB, Isermann B, Boeing H, Weikert C. Association between omentin-1, adiponectin and bone health under consideration of osteoprotegerin as possible mediator. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:1347-1355. [PMID: 27614458 PMCID: PMC5069301 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies implicated a crosstalk between bone and fat in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Few studies indicated an association between adiponectin and omentin-1 on the bone remodeling process and bone mineral density, and suggested osteoprotegerin (OPG) as a mediator of this relationship. However, only limited evidence on this relationship is available in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between omentin-1, adiponectin and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in peri-/premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and to assess the role of OPG as a possible mediator. METHODS Data from the German population-based EPIC-Potsdam cohort comprising 637 women were analyzed. Multivariable-adjusted ANCOVA including age, BMI, waist circumference, smoking status, education, physical activity, adiponectin or omentin-1 and hormone use was used to investigate potential relationships between the adipokines and BUA levels. A mediation analysis assessed the mediating effect of OPG on the association of BUA and omentin-1 levels. RESULTS Peri-/premenopausal women had higher BUA levels (112.5 ± 10.1 dB/MHz), compared to postmenopausal women (106.3 ± 10.0 dB/MHz). In peri-/premenopausal women neither adiponectin nor omentin-1 was significantly associated with BUA. In postmenopausal women, adiponectin was not associated with BUA, but 10 % increase in the omentin-1 concentration was significantly associated with 0.44 dB/MHz lower BUA levels (p = 0.01). Omentin-1 was positively associated with OPG (p = 0.02); however, OPG was not significantly related to BUA (p = 0.62). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for an inverse association between circulating omentin-1 and BUA levels in postmenopausal women. However, the present findings do not support a mediating effect of OPG in the adipose tissue-bone pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Menzel
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - R Di Giuseppe
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Biemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - O Kuxhaus
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - C Wittenbecher
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - B Isermann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - C Weikert
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Lombardi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Perego S, Sansoni V, Banfi G. Implications of exercise-induced adipo-myokines in bone metabolism. Endocrine 2016; 54:284-305. [PMID: 26718191 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth cause of death (5.5 % worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved quality of life and decreased risk of several diseases (i.e., stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, obesity, malignancies). Bone turnover is profoundly affected from PA both directly (load degree is the key determinant for BMD) and indirectly through the activation of several endocrine axes. Several molecules, secreted by muscle (myokines) and adipose tissues (adipokines) in response to exercise, are involved in the fine regulation of bone metabolism in response to the energy availability. Furthermore, bone regulates energy metabolism by communicating its energetic needs thanks to osteocalcin which acts on pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. The beneficial effects of exercise on bone metabolism depends on the intermittent exposure to myokines (i.e., irisin, IL-6, LIF, IGF-I) which, instead, act as inflammatory/pro-resorptive mediators when chronically elevated; on the other hand, the reduction in the circulating levels of adipokines (i.e., leptin, visfatin, adiponectin, resistin) sustains these effects as well as improves the whole-body metabolic status. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest findings about the exercise-dependent regulation of these molecules and their role in the fine regulation of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Hull B, Smith NR. Diabetes and Bone. Am J Med Sci 2016; 351:356-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Association of Trabecular Bone Score with Inflammation and Adiposity in Patients with Psoriasis: Effect of Adalimumab Therapy. J Osteoporos 2016; 2016:5747852. [PMID: 27293954 PMCID: PMC4880682 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5747852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on trabecular bone score (TBS) in psoriasis are lacking. We aim to assess the association between TBS and inflammation, metabolic syndrome features, and serum adipokines in 29 nondiabetic patients with psoriasis without arthritis, before and after 6-month adalimumab therapy. For that purpose, adjusted partial correlations and stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis were performed. No correlation was found between TBS and disease severity. TBS was negatively associated with weight, BMI, waist perimeter, fat percentage, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after adalimumab. After 6 months of therapy, a negative correlation between TBS and insulin resistance (p = 0.02) and leptin (p = 0.01) and a positive correlation with adiponectin were found (p = 0.01). The best set of predictors for TBS values at baseline were female sex (p = 0.015), age (p = 0.05), and BMI (p = 0.001). The best set of predictors for TBS following 6 months of biologic therapy were age (p = 0.001), BMI (p < 0.0001), and serum adiponectin levels (p = 0.027). In conclusion, in nondiabetic patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, TBS correlates with metabolic syndrome features and inflammation. This association is still present after 6 months of adalimumab therapy. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels seem to be an independent variable related to TBS values, after adalimumab therapy.
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Serum Chemerin Levels in relation to Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Density: A Case-Control Study. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:786708. [PMID: 26170530 PMCID: PMC4485501 DOI: 10.1155/2015/786708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate serum chemerin levels in patients with osteoporosis and healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between serum chemerin levels and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS An age- and gender-matched case-control study was conducted. Pearson's correlation test was performed to investigate the relationship between serum chemerin levels and BMD. RESULTS There were 93 patients included in the osteoporosis group and 93 matched controls. Serum chemerin level was significantly higher in patients with osteoporosis (87.27 ± 5.80 ng/mL) than patients in control (71.13 ± 5.12 ng/mL) (P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between femoral bone mineral density and chemerin in both groups (R = -0.395, P < 0.01 in osteoporosis group; R = -0.680, P < 0.01 in control) and also a negative correlation between lumbar bone mineral density with chemerin in both groups (R = -0.306, P < 0.01 in osteoporosis group; R = -0.362, P < 0.01 in control). CONCLUSIONS Patients with osteoporosis presented a higher level of serum chemerin, which witnessed an inverse correlation with BMD. Further studies are needed to explore the role of chemerin in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
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