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Zuo HJ, Wang PX, Ren XQ, Shi HL, Shi JS, Guo T, Wan C, Li JJ. Gastrodin Regulates PI3K/AKT-Sirt3 Signaling Pathway and Proinflammatory Mediators in Activated Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2728-2744. [PMID: 37930585 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated microglia and their mediated inflammatory responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Therefore, regulating microglia activation is considered a potential therapeutic strategy. The neuroprotective effects of gastrodin were evaluated in HIBD model mice, and in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)activated BV-2 microglia cells. The potential molecular mechanism was investigated using western blotting, immunofluorescence labeling, quantitative realtime reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. Herein, we found that PI3K/AKT signaling can regulate Sirt3 in activated microglia, but not reciprocally. And gastrodin exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through the PI3K/AKT-Sirt3 signaling pathway. In addition, gastrodin could promote FOXO3a phosphorylation, and inhibit ROS production in LPSactivated BV-2 microglia. Moreover, the level P-FOXO3a decreased significantly in Sirt3-siRNA group. However, there was no significant change after gastrodin and siRNA combination treatment. Notably, gastrodin might also affect the production of ROS in activated microglia by regulating the level of P-FOXO3a via Sirt3. Together, this study highlighted the neuroprotective role of PI3K/AKT-Sirt3 axis in HIBD, and the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative stress effects of gastrodin on HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Zuo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xue-Qi Ren
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Hao-Long Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Jin-Sha Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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Yao H, He Q, Huang C, Wei S, Gong Y, Li X, Liu W, Xu Z, Wu H, Zheng C, Gao Y. Panaxatriol saponin ameliorates myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Keap1/Nrf2 to regulate oxidative stress and inhibit cardiac-fibroblast activation and proliferation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:264-275. [PMID: 35977659 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common precursor of ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. We investigated the role of oxidative stress in myocardial fibrosis and the protective effect of panaxatriol saponin (PTS) against myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac fibrosis and explored the underlying mechanisms. In vitro, cell viability was tested using a cell counting kit. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•-) were determined. Antioxidant enzyme levels were determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, echocardiography, histological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and molecular analysis were performed. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation was evaluated by molecular docking and immunoprecipitation. Finally, the mechanism by which PTS inhibits cardiac fibrosis was investigated using the Nrf2 activator ML334 and a small interfering RNA for Nrf2. Ang II-induced differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts was associated with oxidative stress, characterized by upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, increased reactive oxygen species production, and inhibition of superoxide dismutase-1 and heme oxygenase expression. In addition, PTS improved cardiac function and ameliorated cardiac fibrosis in MI rats. It also reduced Ang II-induced fibroblast differentiation and proliferation, suppressed oxidative stress, and disrupted the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 interaction by directly blocking the Nrf2 binding site in Keap1. Overexpression of Nrf2 by ML334 enhanced the antifibrotic effect of PTS. However, genetic ablation of Nrf2 abrogated the antifibrotic effect of PTS in cardiac fibrosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that Nrf2 has promise as a target and PTS as a therapeutic agent for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingman He
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Shujun Wei
- Sichuan Police College, Chengdu, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Chengdu Huasun Technology Group Inc., Ltd, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Chengdu Huasun Technology Group Inc., Ltd, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- International Education College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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Pretreatment with Panaxatriol Saponin Attenuates Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress to Facilitate Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the Regulation of Keap1/Nrf2 Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9626703. [PMID: 35669855 PMCID: PMC9166985 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9626703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a type of severe injury to the ischemic myocardium that can occur following recovery of blood flow, and for which, there is no effective treatment. Panaxatriol saponin (PTS), a major active component of P. notoginseng, has been used clinically to treat ischemia-related encephalopathy due to its antioxidant activity, but its effect on ischemic cardiomyopathy and underlying mechanism of action is still unclear. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of PTS against MIRI and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to stimulate cardiomyocytes, to mimic MIRI in vitro. Cell viability was tested using the CCK-8 method. The antioxidant activity of PTS in the H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cell line was examined using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The levels of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), SOD2, and heme oxygenase (HO-1) were determined by Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence. The antiapoptotic effect of PTS was determined. In addition, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) changes were assessed. Changes in Keap1/Nrf2 activation were evaluated by Western blotting analysis, molecular docking, and immunoprecipitation. An in vivo MIRI model was established in rats, and the myocardial infarct size was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Myocardial enzyme activities were determined by ELISA or biochemical analyses. Furthermore, changes in Nrf2 activation were evaluated, and the regulatory effect of PTS on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was examined using the Nrf2 blocker, ML385. The results showed that PTS ameliorated the cardiomyocyte injury induced by H2O2, characterized by increased cell viability, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and promotion of SOD1, SOD2, and HO1 expression. PTS inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. PTS also reduced mPTP opening and stabilized ΔΨm in H9c2 cells. Molecular docking and immunoprecipitation study revealed that PTS can disrupt Keap1/Nrf2 interaction by directly blocking the binding site of Nrf2 in the Keap1 protein. In vivo, PTS decreased the area of myocardial infarction and attenuated pathological damage in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rats. In addition, the activities of myocardial injury markers were decreased by PTS. Finally, PTS regulated nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and ML385 blocked the therapeutic effect of PTS in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that PTS has therapeutic potential for MIRI by targeting Keap1/Nrf2 activity.
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The RIG-I Signal Pathway Mediated Panax notoginseng Saponin Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Ischemia Stroke. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8878428. [PMID: 34462642 PMCID: PMC8403041 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8878428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the main bioactive constituents of a traditional Chinese herb Panax notoginseng, were commonly used for ischemic stroke in China. However, the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms of PNS have not been well examined. This study aimed to decipher the underlying molecular target of PNS in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. The oxygen-glucose-deprived (OGD) model of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) was used in this study. The alteration of gene expression in rat BMECs after PNS treatment was measured by microarray and indicated that there were 38 signaling pathways regulated by PNS. Among them, RIG-I receptor and related signaling molecules TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (Traf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were significantly suppressed by PNS, which was verified again in OGD-induced BMECs measured by FQ-PCR and western blotting and in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats measured by immunohistochemistry. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and the downstream cytokines regulated by RIG-I receptor pathway were also decreased by PNS. Meanwhile, the neurological evaluation, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Evans blue staining were conducted to evaluate the effect of PNS in MCAO rats. Results showed PNS significantly improved functional outcome and cerebral vascular leakage. Flow cytometry showed the number of the inflammatory cells infiltrated in brain tissue was decreased in PNS treatment. Our results identified that RIG-I signaling pathway mediated anti-inflammatory properties of PNS in cerebral ischemia, which provided the novel insights of PNS application in clinics.
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Ye Z, Xie T, Yan F, Wang L, Fang J, Wang Z, Hu F, Wang F, Fu Z. MiR-34a reverses radiation resistance on ECA-109 cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway through downregulating the expression of SIRT1. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:452-463. [PMID: 33507132 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1866225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, many ESCC patients relapsed after receiving radiotherapy due to the inherent resistance. The function of miR-34a and SIRT1, as well as the correlation between miR-34a and SIRT1 has been widely claimed in multiple types of malignant tumors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-34a on radiation resistance against ESCC and the underlying mechanism. METHODS In this study, CCK8, flow cytometry, wounding healing assays, and cell clone formation assay were used to determine the in vitro anti-tumor effects of radiation on radiation-resistant ESCC cell line (rECA-109). The luciferase activity and Western Blot assays were used to investigate the relationship among miR-34a, SIRT1, and the anti-radiation resistant effects. The xenograft experiments were used to verify the important function of miR-34a and SIRT1 in radiation resistance against ESCC. The apoptosis state of tumor tissues was evaluated by TUNEL assay. RESULTS The introduction of miR-34a significantly induced the cell death and apoptosis of rECA-109 and inhibit the migration of rECA-109 treated by radiation. The anti-tumor effect was accompanied by the downregulation of SIRT1 and the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. The radiation resistance on rECA-109 cells was reversed by silencing SIRT1, accompanied by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway inhibited. In vivo experiments revealed that the radiation resistance on ESCC was reversed by the introduction of miR-34a, the effect of which was promoted by the activation of SIRT1. CONCLUSION Our results showed that miR-34a could reverse the radiation resistance on rECA-109 cells by downregulating the expression of SIRT1through inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Pronvince, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Tieming Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Pronvince, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Fengqin Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Pronvince, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Pronvince, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Fujun Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Pronvince, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Fangzheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Pronvince, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Zhenfu Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou City, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Pronvince, Hangzhou City, China
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Chao CM, Chen CL, Niu KC, Lin CH, Tang LY, Lin LS, Chang CP. Hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning protects against hypothalamic neuron apoptosis in heat-exposed rats by reversing hypothalamic overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and ischemia. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2622-2634. [PMID: 33162790 PMCID: PMC7645337 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) have been identified as potential therapeutic targets in the brain for cerebral ischemia. To elucidate their underlying mechanisms, we first aimed to ascertain whether these proteins participate in the pathogenesis of heat-induced ischemic damage to the hypothalamus of rats. Second, we investigated whether hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning (HHP) attenuates heat-induced hypothalamic ischemic/hypoxic injury by modulating these proteins in situ. Methods: Anesthetized rats treated with or without HHP were subjected to heat stress. Hypothalamic ischemic/hypoxic damage was evaluated by measuring hypothalamic levels of cerebral blood flow (CBF), partial oxygen pressure (PO2), and hypothalamic temperature via an implanted probe. Hypothalamic apoptotic neurons were counted by measuring the number of NeuN/caspase-3/DAPI triple-stained cells. Hypothalamic protein expression of HIF-1α, HSP-72, HO-1, and MMP-9 was determined biochemically. Results: Before the start of the thermal experiments, rats were subjected to 5 hours of HHP (0.66 ATA or 18.3% O2) daily for 5 consecutive days per week for 2 weeks, which led to significant loss of body weight, reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) wet weight and decreased body temperature. The animals were then subjected to thermal studies. Twenty minutes after heat stress, heat-exposed rats not treated with HHP displayed significantly higher core and hypothalamic temperatures, hypothalamic MMP-9 levels, and numbers of hypothalamic apoptotic neurons but significantly lower mean blood pressure, hypothalamic blood flow, and PO2 values than control rats not exposed to heat. In heat-exposed rats, HHP significantly increased the hypothalamic levels of HIF-1α, HSP-72, and HO-1 but significantly alleviated body and hypothalamic hyperthermia, hypotension, hypothalamic ischemia, hypoxia, neuronal apoptosis and degeneration. Conclusions: HHP may protect against hypothalamic ischemic/hypoxic injury and overexpression of MMP-9 by upregulating the hypothalamic expression of HIF-1α, HSP-72, and HO-1 in rats subjected to heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Hospital, Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chi Niu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Tang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lieh-Sheng Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Wu Q, Mao Z, Liu J, Huang J, Wang N. Ligustilide Attenuates Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis via Activating the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:979. [PMID: 32676033 PMCID: PMC7333531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligustilide (LIG), a main lipophilic component isolated from Cnidii Rhizoma (Cnidium officinale, rhizome) and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (Angelica gigas Nakai, root), has been shown to alleviate cerebral ischemia injury and paly a neuroprotective role. We investigated mechanisms underlying the antiapoptotic effects of LIG in vitro and in vivo, respectively, using cultured primary hippocampal neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and rats under cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R) conditions. In vitro studies revealed that the suppressed apoptosis in hippocampal neurons upon LIG treatment was associated with reduced calcium influx and generation of reactive oxygen species. The LIG-treated hippocampal neurons exhibited decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the release of CytC from mitochondria as well as the expression of cleaved caspase-3, which were accompanied with enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt protein, in a PI3K-dependent manner. In vivo studies demonstrated a neuroprotective role of LIG in attenuating cerebral infarction volume, neurological injury and hippocampal neuron injury, suggesting that LIG could reverse ischemia reperfusion(I/R)-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. These results together suggest that LIG may be considered as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of ischemia stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Wu RM, Jiang B, Li H, Dang WZ, Bao WL, Li HD, Ye G, Shen X. A network pharmacology approach to discover action mechanisms of Yangxinshi Tablet for improving energy metabolism in chronic ischemic heart failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112227. [PMID: 31509780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Most cardiovascular diseases ultimately result in heart failure, an intractable problem in modern medicine. Yangxinshi tablet (YXS) is a Chinese medicine formula that is used clinically to treat coronary heart disease. However, the active compounds, potential targets, and pharmacological and molecular mechanism of its anti-heart failure activity remain unclear. Therefore, further investigation is required. AIM OF STUDY Active ingredients and potential targets of YXS for treating heart failure have been reported previously. However, the molecular functions or biological processes of YXS in energy metabolism have not been discovered. To date, no experimental study to validate the potential anti-heart failure mechanism of YXS. The aim of this study was to study the therapeutic effect of YXS on rats with chronic ischemic heart failure by evaluating rat cardiac function and exercise tolerance, and to explore its potential mechanism by network pharmacology, western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR and histological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this investigation, chronic ischemic heart failure rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control group (sham operation), model group (0.5% CMC-Na), trimetazidine group (positive control) and two YXS groups (low- and high-dose groups). Experimental rats were treated by gavage with 10 mg/kg/d (clinical equivalent dose) trimetazidine (TMZ), 500 mg/kg/d (clinical equivalent dose) YXS and 1000 mg/kg/d YXS, respectively, for 5 weeks. The cardiac functions of rats were detected by High-Resolution In Vivo Imaging System. We elucidated novel understanding of the active compounds of YXS in rat plasma and predicted the energy metabolism related targets and processes for heart failure. Then, we validated experimentally the targets and mechanism of YXS on these pathological processes in vivo. RESULTS It was found that YXS was able to effectively improve cardiac LVIDs, LVEDV, LVESV and EF, decrease myocardial oxygen consumption and reduce myocardial infarct size in rats with chronic ischemic heart failure was similar to that of TMZ. We identified 63 major candidate targets for YXS that are closely to heart failure progression. Enrichment analysis revealed key targets for YXS associated to oxygen delivery, glucose utilization, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Meanwhile, we validated that YXS could promote the expression of downstream HIF-1α, PGC1α and GLUT4 by increasing phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, rpS6 and AMPK. The results show that YXS could activate related PI3K/Akt/mTOR/rpS6/HIF-1α and AMPK/PGC1α/GLUT4 signaling pathways in chronic ischemic heart failure rats. Further experiments demonstrated that YXS increased mitochondrial biogenesis in chronic ischemic heart failure rats and improved exercise tolerance CONCLUSION: YXS treated chronic ischemic heart failure through activating its targets which play pivotal roles in oxygen delivery, glucose utilization and mitochondrial biogenesis to improve energy metabolism through a multi-component, multi-level, multi-target, multi-pathway and multi-mechanism approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Ming Wu
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Lian Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Ye
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Hu S, Liu T, Wu Y, Yang W, Hu S, Sun Z, Li P, Du S. Panax notoginseng saponins suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced barrier disruption and monocyte adhesion on bEnd.3 cells via the opposite modulation of Nrf2 antioxidant and NF-κB inflammatory pathways. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3163-3176. [PMID: 31468630 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prerequisite for the pathogenesis of many cerebral diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are well-known factors accounting for BBB injury. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), a clinical commonly used drug against cerebrovascular disease, possess efficient antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, the protective effects of PNS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-insulted cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were assessed and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that PNS mitigated the decrease of Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance, increase of paracellular permeability, and loss of tight junction proteins in bEnd.3 BBB model. Meanwhile, PNS suppressed the THP-1 monocytes adhesion on bEnd.3 monolayer. Moreover, PNS prevented the pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and reactive oxygen species generation in bEnd.3 cells stimulated with LPS. Mechanism investigations suggested that PNS promoted the Akt phosphorylation, activated Nrf2 antioxidant signaling, and inhibited the NF-κB activation. All the effects of PNS could be abolished by PI3K inhibition at different levels. Taken together, these observations suggest that PNS may act as an extrinsic regulator that activates Nrf2 antioxidant defense system depending on PI3K/Akt and inhibits NF-κB inflammatory signaling to attenuate LPS-induced BBB disruption and monocytes adhesion on cerebral endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- School of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zongxi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Antiepileptic Effects of Protein-Rich Extract from Bombyx batryticatus on Mice and Its Protective Effects against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells via Regulating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7897584. [PMID: 31198493 PMCID: PMC6526569 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7897584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx batryticatus is a known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) utilized to treat convulsions, epilepsy, cough, asthma, headaches, and purpura in China for thousands of years. This study is aimed at investigating the antiepileptic effects of protein-rich extracts from Bombyx batryticatus (BBPs) on seizure in mice and exploring the protective effects of BBPs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells and their underlying mechanisms. Maximal electroshock-induced seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced seizure in mice and the histological analysis were carried out to evaluate the antiepileptic effects of BBPs. The cell viability of PC12 cells stimulated by H2O2 was determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis and ROS levels of H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutathione (GSH) in PC12 cells were assayed by ELISA and expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt, and p-Akt were evaluated by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. The results revealed that BBPs exerted significant antiepileptic effects on mice. In addition, BBPs increased the cell viability of H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells and reduced apoptotic cells and ROS levels in H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells. By BBPs treatments, the levels of MDA and LDH were reduced and the levels of SOD and GSH-Px were increased in H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells. Moreover, BBPs upregulated the expressions of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, and Bcl-2, whereas they downregulated the expressions of caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax in H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells. These findings suggested that BBPs possessed potential antiepileptic effects on MES and PTZ-induced seizure in mice and protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells by exerting antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects via PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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11
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Chen L, Wu X, Shen T, Wang X, Wang S, Wang J, Ren D. Protective effects of ethyl gallate on H 2O 2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:545-555. [PMID: 30746596 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-0382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to play an important role in neuronal injury. Ethyl gallate (EG) is the ethyl ester of gallic acid which has been acknowledged as an antioxidant. We previously demonstrated that EG effectively inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and decreased the ROS levels in PC12 cells, while the relevant mechanisms of action of this compound remain largely uncharacterized. The present study was carried out in an attempt to clarify the underlying mechanisms of EG against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. EG pretreatment attenuated H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as indicated by the decreased caspase-9/-3 activation, PARP cleavage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depletion, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release and ROS overproduction. Furthermore, EG treatment resulted in nuclear translocation of Nrf2 along with increased expression of ARE-dependent cytoprotective genes, such as γ-GCS and NQO1, which indicated EG as an Nrf2 pathway activator. Silencing of Nrf2 signaling by siRNA abrogated the protective effects offered by EG on H2O2-induced PC12 cells injury, which suggested the important role of Nrf2 pathway in the protection of EG against oxidative stress induced PC12 cell apoptosis. These results taken together indicated that EG protects PC12 cells against H2O2-induced cell mitochondrial dysfunction possibly through activation of Nrf2 pathway. EG might be a potential candidate for further preclinical study aimed at the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang L, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhao L, Ma Z, Li T, Liu J, Sun M, Jian Y, Yao L, Du Y, Zhang G. Edaravone reduces Aβ-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Life Sci 2019; 221:259-266. [PMID: 30769116 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Edaravone potentially alleviates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of edaravone in suppressing AD progression remains unclear. We aim to investigate the mechanism of edaravone in suppressing oxidative stress-mediated AD progression in vitro. MAIN METHODS Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with different concentrations of edaravone prior to the induction by Aβ25-35. Cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and expression of antioxidative response elements (ARE) including Nrf2, SOD, and HO-1 were assessed. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels significantly increased in Aβ25-35-treated cells, whereas the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2, SOD and HO-1 decreased. The opposite changes were observed in cells that were pre-treated with edaravone, particularly at a concentration of 40 μM. Aβ25-35-treatment suppressed Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation were rescued by Edaravone. Genetic inhibition of Nrf2 greatly decreased the protective effect of edaravone against cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity induced by Aβ25-35, accompanied by decreases in SOD and HO-1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE Activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway may underlie the protective effects of edaravone against the oxidative damage associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhulin Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Yu'lin, Yu'lin 718000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Jian
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun Du
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Luo Z, Zhang M, Niu X, Wu D, Tang J. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway impedes the restoration of neurological function following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in a neonatal rabbit model. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10175-10185. [PMID: 30614032 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), frequently occurring in infancy and childhood, is a major cause of mortality and severe neurologic impairment. This study was performed to examine the effect of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway on HIBD in a neonatal rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Uterine artery occlusion was used to establish HIBD models in neonatal rabbits, which were then subjected to sham operation, dimethyl sulfoxide (2 mL) or LY294002 (inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, 6.4 μg/kg). Behavioral neurological assessment was performed in neonatal rabbits delivered by cesarean section, after which serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level and cerebral water content were determined. The level of cleaved caspase-3 level and apoptosis of neurons were observed by immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Furthermore, the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway- and apoptosis-related factors was examined. RESULTS In neonatal rabbits, HIBD increased the fetal death rate; reduced neurological scores of posture, righting reflex, and deglutition reflex; elevated serum NSE levels, cerebral water content, cleaved caspase-3-positive expression in hippocampal CA1 region and apoptotic neurons; inactivated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as well as reduced Bcl-2 expression and increased BAD and Bax expression. Notably, the treatment of LY294002 further aggravated neurological impairment in neonatal rabbits in response to HIBD. CONCLUSION Following the HIBD caused by intrauterine asphyxia, the LY294002 administered through auricular vein infusion into pregnant rabbits exacerbates neurological impairment of neonatal rabbits, suggesting that inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may serve as a candidate therapeutic target for neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiulai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hu S, Wu Y, Zhao B, Hu H, Zhu B, Sun Z, Li P, Du S. Panax notoginseng Saponins Protect Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Barrier Dysfunction via Activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Antioxidant Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112781. [PMID: 30373188 PMCID: PMC6278530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) possess efficient antioxidant activity and have been used in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke in China. In this study, we determined the protective effects of PNS on BBB integrity and investigated the underlying mechanism in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). MTT and LDH release assays revealed that PNS mitigated the OGD/R-induced cell injury in a dose-dependent manner. TEER and paracellular permeability assays demonstrated that PNS alleviated the OGD/R-caused disruption of BBB integrity. Fluorescence probe DCFH-DA showed that PNS suppressed ROS generation in OGD/R-treated cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis indicated that PNS inhibited the degradation of tight junction proteins triggered by OGD/R. Moreover, mechanism investigations suggested that PNS increased the phosphorylation of Akt, the activity of nuclear Nrf2, and the expression of downstream antioxidant enzyme HO-1. All the effects of PNS could be reversed by co-treatment with PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Taken together, these observations suggest that PNS may act as an extrinsic regulator that activates Nrf2 antioxidant signaling depending on PI3K/Akt pathway and protects against OGD/R-induced BBB disruption in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yali Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Baochen Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zongxi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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15
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Ke M, Dong J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wu Z, Lv Y, Wu R. MEL-pep, an analog of melittin, disrupts cell membranes and reverses 5-fluorouracil resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 101:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Jiang W, Guo M, Gong M, Chen L, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Qu P, Liu Y, Chen J, Li T. Vitamin A bio-modulates apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Mol Brain 2018. [PMID: 29534734 PMCID: PMC5851324 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can impair the postnatal cognitive function of rats by damaging the hippocampus. The present study examined the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on apoptosis induced by hypoxic-ischemic damage in vivo and in vitro, and investigated the possible signaling pathway involved in the neuroprotective anti-apoptotic effects of RA. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining and behavioral tests were used to evaluate the neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of RA. The protein and mRNA levels of RARα, PI3K, Akt, Bad, caspase-3, caspase-8, Bcl-2, Bax, and Bid were measured with western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. We found impairments in learning and spatial memory in VAD group compared with vitamin A normal (VAN) and vitamin A supplemented (VAS) group. Additionally, we showed that hippocampal apoptosis was weaker in the VAN group than that in VAD group. Relative to the VAD group, the VAN group also had increased mRNA and protein levels of RARα and PI3K, and upregulated phosphorylated Akt/Bad levels in vivo. In vitro, excessively low or high RA signaling promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, the effects on apoptosis involved the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). These data support the idea that sustained VAD following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) inhibits RARα, which downregulates the PI3K/Akt/Bad and Bcl-2/Bax pathways and upregulates the caspase-8/Bid pathway to influence the MMP, ultimately producing deficits in learning and spatial memory in adolescence. This suggests that clinical interventions for HIBD should include suitable doses of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Children Rehabilitation Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Guo
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Children Rehabilitation Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Gong
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Li Chen
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Youxue Liu
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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17
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Xu Y, Tan HY, Li S, Wang N, Feng Y. Panax notoginseng for Inflammation-Related Chronic Diseases: A Review on the Modulations of Multiple Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:971-996. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) is a well-known and commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in Asian countries. As one of the major species in the Panax genus, it has a distinct chemical composition and medical application compared with other species. P. notoginseng attracts attention and interest due to its potential therapeutic effects not only on blood diseases, but also other kinds of human chronic disorders. This paper critically reviewed the latest advance of knowledge on the pharmacological effects of P. notoginseng on a variety of chronic diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, ischemia, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer disease and trauma, as well as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and so on. As inflammation is considered the fundamental factor involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, our review therefore focuses on understanding the involvement of classical inflammatory pathways underlying the mechanism of action of P. notoginseng. Potential clinical application was also discussed. Furthermore, by combining with network pharmacology, we introduced the major bioactive components of P. notoginseng, analyzed their cellular targets and associated signaling pathways. In conclusion, this review identified inflammatory pathway as the key signaling for determining the efficacy of P. notoginseng on chronic diseases. It is speculated that P. notoginseng is a multi-targeted agent with an anti-inflammatory property in the adjuvant and alternative treatment of human chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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18
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Yang CH, Yen TL, Hsu CY, Thomas PA, Sheu JR, Jayakumar T. Multi-Targeting Andrographolide, a Novel NF-κB Inhibitor, as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081638. [PMID: 28749412 PMCID: PMC5578028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key focus in the field of drug discovery has been motivated by the neuroprotection of natural compounds. Cerebral ischemia is a multifaceted pathological process with a series of mechanisms, and a perspective for the development of neuroprotectants from traditional herbal medicine or natural products is a promising treatment for this disease. Natural compounds with the effects of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and neurofunctional regulation exhibit therapeutic effects on experimental ischemic brain injury. Conferring to the pharmacological mechanisms underlying neuroprotection, a study found that androgapholide, a diterpene lactone compound, exhibits varying degrees of neuroprotective activities in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models of stroke. The neuroprotective mechanisms of andrographolide are suggested as: (I) increasing nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-heme oxygenase (Nrf2-HO-1) expression through p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulation, (II) inducing cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) apoptosis and caspase-3 activation, (III) down regulating Bax, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and (IV) inhibiting hydroxyl radical (OH−) formation, and activating transcription factor NF-κB signaling pathways. Recently, several researchers have also been trying to unveil the principal mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of andrographolide. Therefore, this review aims to summarize an overview on the neuroprotective effects of andrographolide and exemplifies the essential mechanisms involved. This paper can provide information that andrographolide drug discovery may be a promising strategy for the development of a novel class of neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 200, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Philip-Aloysius Thomas
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Joseph Eye Hospital, Tiruchirappalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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19
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Li J, Yu J, Ma H, Yang N, Li L, Zheng DD, Wu MX, Zhao ZL, Qi HY. Intranasal Pretreatment with Z-Ligustilide, the Main Volatile Component of Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Confers Prophylaxis against Cerebral Ischemia via Nrf2 and HSP70 Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1533-1542. [PMID: 28169530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Z-Ligustilide (Z-LIG) is a major component in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, which has been traditionally used as a health food supplement for the prevention of cerebrovascular disease in China. This study investigates the ability of intranasal Z-LIG pretreatment to enhance protection against neuronal damage in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the role of cellular stress response mechanisms Nrf2 and HSP70. Z-LIG significantly mitigated infarct volume, neurological dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, and brain edema (p < 0.01). Moreover, Z-LIG prevented the loss of collagen IV, occludin, and ZO-1 (p < 0.05) and decreased MMP-2 and -9 levels (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, Z-LIG up-regulated NQO1 and HSP70. Notably, blockage of Nrf2-driven transcription or down-regulation of HSP70 remarkably attenuated the preventive effect of Z-LIG (p < 0.05). Together, intranasal delivery of Z-LIG enhanced protection against ischemic injury via Nrf2 and HSP70 signaling pathways and has prophylactic potential in the population at high risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Na Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu 610212, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ding-Ding Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ming-Xia Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhi-Long Zhao
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu 610212, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Yi Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
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Hormetic effect of panaxatriol saponins confers neuroprotection in PC12 cells and zebrafish through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/SIRT1/FOXO3 pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41082. [PMID: 28112228 PMCID: PMC5253660 DOI: 10.1038/srep41082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is an adaptive response of living organisms to a moderate stress. However, its biomedical implication and molecular mechanisms remain to be intensively investigated. Panaxatriol saponins (PTS) is the major bioactive components extracted from Panax notoginseng, a widely used herbal medicine for cerebrovascular diseases. This study aims to examine the hormetic and neuroprotective effects of PTS in PC12 cells and zebrafish Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Our results demonstrated that PTS stimulated PC12 cell growth by about 30% at low doses, while PTS at high doses inhibited cell growth, which is a typical hormetic effect. Moreover, we found that low dose PTS pretreatment significantly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity and up-regulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR cell proliferation pathway and AMPK/SIRT1/FOXO3 cell survival pathway in PC12 cells. These results strongly suggested that neuroprotective effects of PTS may be attributable to the hormetic effect induced by PTS through activating adaptive response-related signaling pathways. Notably, low dose PTS could significantly prevent the 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron loss and improve the behavior movement deficiency in zebrafish, whereas relative high dose PTS exhibited neural toxicity, further supporting the hormetic and neuroprotective effects of PTS. This study indicates that PTS may have the potential in the development of future therapeutic medicines for PD.
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Hui Z, Sha DJ, Wang SL, Li CS, Qian J, Wang JQ, Zhao Y, Zhang JH, Cheng HY, Yang H, Yu LJ, Xu Y. Panaxatriol saponins promotes angiogenesis and enhances cerebral perfusion after ischemic stroke in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:70. [PMID: 28114983 PMCID: PMC5259846 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Panaxatriol saponins (PTS), an extract from the traditional Chinese herb Panax notoginseng, which has been used to treat ischemic stroke for many years in China. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of PTS remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether PTS can protect against ischemic brain injury by promoting angiogenesis and to explore the possible mechanism by which it promotes angiogenesis. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats, and neurological deficit scores and brain infarct volumes were assessed. Micro-Positron emission tomography (PET) was adopted to assess cerebral perfusion, and real-time PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate vascular growth factor and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway component levels. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine capillary densities in ischemic penumbrae. Results We showed that PTS improved neurological function and reduced infarct volumes in MCAO rats. Micro-PET indicated that PTS can significantly increase 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-PDG) uptake by ischemic brain tissue and enhance cerebral perfusion after MCAO surgery. Moreover, PTS was able to increase capillary densities and enhance angiogenesis in ischemic boundary zones and up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) expression by activating the Shh signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings indicate that PTS exerts protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury by enhancing angiogenesis and improving microperfusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1579-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hu L, Wang J, Wang Y, Xu H. An integrin αvβ3 antagonistic modified peptide inhibits tumor growth through inhibition of the ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1953-62. [PMID: 27499314 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
HM-3, an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-modified antitumor polypeptide designed independently, has been demonstrated for its robust inhibitory effects on tumors. However, the intravenous administration and short half-life in vivo are inconvenient to its clinical application. To solve these issues, PEGylated HM-3 (mPEG-SC20k-HM-3) with prolonged half‑time in vivo and subcutaneous administration was obtained after repeated screening of different types of PEG and numerous efficacy assays. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity and investigate the mechanism of the modified peptide to interpret the antitumor properties of mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 comprehensively and clearly. The results of the antitumor activity assays in vitro indicated that mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 exhibited a marked inhibitory activity on tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 (73.4 mg/kg, sc) achieved a tumor inhibitory rate of 70.1% in an H460 (human non-small cell lung cancer) xenograft model with scarce cytotoxicity, compared with a rate of 72.2% for Avastin (10.0 mg/kg, iv). The mechanistic study showed that mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 could target integrin αvβ3 to block the downstream ERK and Akt pathways, as the expression levels of VEGF, Akt1, p-Akt1, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, MEK1, p-MEK1, integrin αv and β3 were reduced after HUVECs were incubated with mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 for 24 h. In conclusion, the antitumor activity of mPEG-SC20k-HM-3 in vitro and in vivo is promising and the mechanism was clearly reflected in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Qi H, Huang Y, Yang Y, Dou G, Wan F, Zhang W, Yang H, Wang L, Wu C, Li L. Anti-platelet activity of panaxatriol saponins is mediated by suppression of intracellular calcium mobilization and ERK2/p38 activation. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:174. [PMID: 27277000 PMCID: PMC4898458 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased platelet aggregation is implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and anti-platelet strategy may contribute to its therapy. Panaxatriol saponin (PTS), the main components extracted from Panax notoginseng, has been shown to be efficacious in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke in China. The aim of this study is to determine the anti-platelet activity and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Inhibitory effect of PTS and its main ginsenosides on agonists-induced platelet aggregation was determined using rabbit or human platelets. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) mobilization was detected with fura-2/AM probe. MAPKs phosphorylation was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed PTS inhibited the rabbit platelet aggregation induced by various agonists (collagen, thrombin and ADP). The three main ginsenosides (Rg1, Re and R1) existing in PTS also showed anti-platelet activity, while their combination exhibited no synergistic effect on rabbit platelet aggregation. Further study demonstrated that PTS and its main ginsenosides also exhibited inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation. Mechanism study demonstrated that pre-treatment with PTS inhibited the agonists-induced intracellular calcium mobilization. Moreover, PTS significantly suppressed the activation of both ERK2 and p38 by the agonists via reducing the phosphorylation of ERK2 and p38. CONCLUSION We proved that PTS is effective in anti-platelet aggregation, which may, at least in part, be related to the suppression of intracellular calcium mobilization and ERK2/p38 activation. This study may provide one reasonable explanation for the efficacy of PTS on the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Yen TL, Chen RJ, Jayakumar T, Lu WJ, Hsieh CY, Hsu MJ, Yang CH, Chang CC, Lin YK, Lin KH, Sheu JR. Andrographolide stimulates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-heme oxygenase 1 signaling in primary cerebral endothelial cells for definite protection against ischemic stroke in rats. Transl Res 2016; 170:57-72. [PMID: 26746802 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stroke pathogenesis involves complex oxidative stress-related pathways. The nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathways have been considered molecular targets in pharmacologic intervention for ischemic diseases. Andrographolide, a labdane diterpene, has received increasing attention in recent years because of its various pharmacologic activities. We determined that andrographolide modulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling cascade in primary cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) to provide positive protection against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced ischemic stroke in rats. In the present study, andrographolide (10 μM) increased HO-1 protein and messenger RNA expressions, Nrf2 phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation in CECs, and these activities were disrupted by a p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, but not by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059 or c-Jun amino-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125. Similar results were observed in confocal microscopy analysis. Moreover, andrographolide-induced Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions were significantly inhibited by Nrf2 small interfering RNA. Moreover, HO-1 knockdown attenuated the protective effect of andrographolide against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced CEC death. Andrographolide (0.1 mg/kg) significantly suppressed free radical formation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and brain infarction in MCAO-insulted rats, and these effects were reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX. The mechanism is attributable to HO-1 activation, as directly evidenced by andrographolide-induced pronounced HO-1 expression in brain tissues, which was highly localized in the cerebral capillary. In conclusion, andrographolide increased Nrf2-HO-1 expression through p38 MAPK regulation, confirming that it provides protection against MCAO-induced brain injury. These findings provide strong evidence that andrographolide could be a therapeutic agent for treating ischemic stroke or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Lin Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Cardiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Biostatistics Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yu J, Jiang Z, Ning L, Zhao Z, Yang N, Chen L, Ma H, Li L, Fu Y, Zhu H, Qi H. Protective HSP70 Induction by Z-Ligustilide against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Injury via Activation of the MAPK Pathway but Not of HSF1. Biol Pharm Bull 2015. [PMID: 26212861 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) is known to function as a protective molecular chaperone that is massively induced in response to misfolded proteins following cerebral ischemia. The objective of this study was to characterize HSP70 induction by Z-ligustilide and explore its potential role in protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our results demonstrated that the intranasal administration of Z-ligustilide reduced infarct volume and improved neurological function in a rat stroke model. Meanwhile, Z-ligustilide enhanced the cell viability of PC12 cells insulted by oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD-Reoxy) and decreased apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Importantly, Z-ligustilide induced HSP70 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Although heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) nuclear translocation was promoted by Z-ligustilide, HSP70-based heat-shock element (HSE)-binding luciferase activity was not activated, and HSP70 expression responsive to Z-ligustilide was not attenuated by HSE decoy oligonucleotides. However, Z-ligustilide significantly activated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Further inhibition of MAPK activity by specific inhibitors attenuated HSP70 induction by Z-ligustilide. Meanwhile, downregulation of HSP70 using KNK437, an HSP70 synthesis inhibitor, or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly attenuated the protection of Z-ligustilide against OGD-Reoxy-induced injury. Moreover, the application of specific inhibitors of MAPKs also achieved similar results. Finally, Z-ligustilide alleviated the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins induced by OGD-Reoxy, which was inhibited by HSP70-shRNA. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Z-ligustilide may induce protective HSP70 expression via the activation of the MAPK pathway, but not canonical HSF1 transcription. HSP70 plays a key role in the protection of Z-ligustilide against OGD-Reoxy-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University
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Kanika G, Khan S, Jena G. Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates L-Arginine-Induced Pancreatitis and Associated Fibrosis in Wistar Rat: Role of Inflammation and Nitrosative Stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:349-59. [PMID: 25774002 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several reports indicated that histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Sodium butyrate (SB) is a short-chain fatty acid having HDAC inhibition potential. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of SB against L-arginine (L-Arg)-induced pancreatic fibrosis in Wistar rats. Pancreatic fibrosis was induced by twice intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 20% L-Arg (250 mg/100 g) at 2-h interval on day 1, 4, 7, and 10, whereas SB (800 mg/kg/day) was administrated for 10 days. At the end of the study, biochemical estimations, histological alterations, DNA damage, and the expression of various proteins were evaluated. Posttreatment of SB decreased L-Arg-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress, DNA damage, histological alterations, and fibrosis. Interestingly, posttreatment of SB significantly decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine. The present study demonstrated that posttreatment of SB alleviates L-Arg-induced pancreatic damage and fibrosis in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Kanika
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, India
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, India. ,
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Yu L, Xie J, Xin N, Wang Z. Panax notoginseng saponins promote wound repair of anterior cruciate ligament through phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and ERK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:441-449. [PMID: 25755732 PMCID: PMC4348819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are components derived from Chinese herb panax notoginseng and play important roles in the cure of wounds. However, how PNS plays this function is still unclear. In this study, we used MTT assay, wound healing assay, western blot, quantitative real time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the effects of PNS on the proliferation, migration and expression of collagen and fibronectin of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblasts as well as the underlying mechanism. We found that PNS promoted the proliferation and migration of ACL fibroblasts and increased the expression levels of collagen and fibronectin. Further mechanism study indicates that PNS might play its function through the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and ERK. This study provides a possible mechanism for the function of PNS and lays foundation for further study on the function of panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Xin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanyou Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
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