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Puls R, von Haefen C, Bührer C, Endesfelder S. Dexmedetomidine Protects Cerebellar Neurons against Hyperoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Juvenile Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097804. [PMID: 37175511 PMCID: PMC10178601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of oxidative stress is unavoidable in preterm infants and increases the risk of neonatal morbidities. Premature infants often require sedation and analgesia, and the commonly used opioids and benzodiazepines are associated with adverse effects. Impairment of cerebellar functions during cognitive development could be a crucial factor in neurodevelopmental disorders of prematurity. Recent studies have focused on dexmedetomidine (DEX), which has been associated with potential neuroprotective properties and is used as an off-label application in neonatal units. Wistar rats (P6) were exposed to 80% hyperoxia for 24 h and received as pretreatment a single dose of DEX (5µg/kg, i.p.). Analyses in the immature rat cerebellum immediately after hyperoxia (P7) and after recovery to room air (P9, P11, and P14) included examinations for cell death and inflammatory and oxidative responses. Acute exposure to high oxygen concentrations caused a significant oxidative stress response, with a return to normal levels by P14. A marked reduction of hyperoxia-mediated damage was demonstrated after DEX pretreatment. DEX produced a much earlier recovery than in controls, confirming a neuroprotective effect of DEX on alterations elicited by oxygen stress on the developing cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Puls
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa von Haefen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Endesfelder
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Protective Effects of Early Caffeine Administration in Hyperoxia-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Juvenile Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020295. [PMID: 36829854 PMCID: PMC9952771 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk preterm infants are affected by a higher incidence of cognitive developmental deficits due to the unavoidable risk factor of oxygen toxicity. Caffeine is known to have a protective effect in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated with improved neurologic outcomes, although very early initiation of therapy is controversial. In this study, we used newborn rats in an oxygen injury model to test the hypothesis that near-birth caffeine administration modulates neuronal maturation and differentiation in the hippocampus of the developing brain. For this purpose, newborn Wistar rats were exposed to 21% or 80% oxygen on the day of birth for 3 or 5 days and treated with vehicle or caffeine (10 mg/kg/48 h). Postnatal exposure to 80% oxygen resulted in a drastic reduction of associated neuronal mediators for radial glia, mitotic/postmitotic neurons, and impaired cell-cycle regulation, predominantly persistent even after recovery to room air until postnatal day 15. Systemic caffeine administration significantly counteracted the effects of oxygen insult on neuronal maturation in the hippocampus. Interestingly, under normoxia, caffeine inhibited the transcription of neuronal mediators of maturing and mature neurons. The early administration of caffeine modulated hyperoxia-induced decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus and showed neuroprotective properties in the neonatal rat oxygen toxicity model.
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Al-Shawadfy MG, Kamel GAM, Abd-Allah ARA. Crosstalk among apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy in relation to melatonin protective effect against contrast-induced nephropathy in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:858-867. [PMID: 36017872 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Contrast medium (CM) is a chemical substance that is used for imaging anatomical boundaries and to explore normal and abnormal physiological findings; the use of CM was associated with kidney injury and acute renal failure. Melatonin (M) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects in addition to autophagy modulation. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of M against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and its impact on the crosstalk between inflammasome, apoptosis, and autophagy in CIN. Male albino rats received M (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for 3 days. One hour after the last administration, rats were subjected to CIN induction (10 mg/kg indomethacin, double doses of l-NAME 10 mg/kg, i.v., and meglumine diatrizoate 60% 6 mL/kg, i.v.). CIN-induced kidney damage was evidenced through elevated kidney function biomarkers and induced renal histopathological changes. Pretreatment with M caused a significant decrease in nephrotoxicity biomarkers and histopathological alterations. Moreover, CIN-induced oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and apoptosis were attenuated by M. Furthermore, M modulates autophagy in CIN rats. M inhibits CIN-induced NLRP3-inflammasome activation and apoptosis as well as enhances autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Gamal Al-Shawadfy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
| | - Gellan Alaa Mohamed Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
| | - Adel R A Abd-Allah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
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Provitera L, Amelio GS, Tripodi M, Raffaeli G, Macchini F, Amodeo I, Gulden S, Cortesi V, Manzoni F, Cervellini G, Tomaselli A, Zuanetti G, Lonati C, Battistin M, Kamel S, Parente V, Pravatà V, Villa S, Villamor E, Mosca F, Cavallaro G. Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Impairs Bradykinin-Induced Relaxation in Neonatal Porcine Coronary Arteries. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092083. [PMID: 36140183 PMCID: PMC9495700 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a lifesaving support for respiratory and cardiovascular failure. However, ECMO induces a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that can lead to various complications, including endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral circulation. We aimed to investigate whether ECMO-associated endothelial dysfunction also affected coronary circulation. Ten-day-old piglets were randomized to undergo either 8 h of veno-arterial ECMO (n = 5) or no treatment (Control, n = 5). Hearts were harvested and coronary arteries were dissected and mounted as 3 mm rings in organ baths for isometric force measurement. Following precontraction with the thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptor agonist U46619, concentration−response curves to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator bradykinin (BK) and the nitric oxide (NO) donor (endothelium-independent vasodilator) sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were performed. Relaxation to BK was studied in the absence or presence of the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester HCl (L-NAME). U46619-induced contraction and SNP-induced relaxation were similar in control and ECMO coronary arteries. However, BK-induced relaxation was significantly impaired in the ECMO group (30.4 ± 2.2% vs. 59.2 ± 2.1%; p < 0.0001). When L-NAME was present, no differences in BK-mediated relaxation were observed between the control and ECMO groups. Taken together, our data suggest that ECMO exposure impairs endothelium-derived NO-mediated coronary relaxation. However, there is a NO-independent component in BK-induced relaxation that remains unaffected by ECMO. In addition, the smooth muscle cell response to exogenous NO is not altered by ECMO exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Provitera
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo S. Amelio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tripodi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Raffaeli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Macchini
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano (GOM) Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Amodeo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gulden
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cortesi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Manzoni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Cervellini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tomaselli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zuanetti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Lonati
- Center for Preclinical Investigation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Battistin
- Center for Preclinical Investigation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Shady Kamel
- Betamed Perfusion Service, 00192 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Pravatà
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Villa
- Transfusion Center and Blood Component Bank of Rare Groups, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), University of Maastricht, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Perrone S, Lembo C, Gironi F, Petrolini C, Catalucci T, Corbo G, Buonocore G, Gitto E, Esposito SMR. Erythropoietin as a Neuroprotective Drug for Newborn Infants: Ten Years after the First Use. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040652. [PMID: 35453337 PMCID: PMC9031072 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective strategies against perinatal brain injury represent a major challenge for modern neonatology. Erythropoietin (Epo) enhances endogenous mechanisms of repair and angiogenesis. In order to analyse the newest evidence on the role of Epo in prematurity, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and perinatal stroke, a critical review using 2020 PRISMA statement guidelines was conducted. This review uncovered 26 clinical trials examining the use of Epo for prematurity and brain injury-related outcomes. The effects of Epo on prematurity were analysed in 16 clinical trials. Erythropoietin was provided until 32–35 weeks of corrected postnatal age with a dosage between 500–3000 UI/kg/dose. Eight trials reported the Epo effects on HIE term newborn infants: Erythropoietin was administered in the first weeks of life, at different multiple doses between 250–2500 UI/kg/dose, as either an adjuvant therapy with hypothermia or a substitute for hypothermia. Two trials investigated Epo effects in perinatal stroke. Erythropoietin was administered at a dose of 1000 IU/kg for three days. No beneficial effect in improving morbidity was observed after Epo administration in perinatal stroke. A positive effect on neurodevelopmental outcome seems to occur when Epo is used as an adjuvant therapy with hypothermia in the HIE newborns. Administration of Epo in preterm infants still presents inconsistencies with regard to neurodevelopmental outcome. Clinical trials show significant differences mainly in target population and intervention scheme. The identification of specific markers and their temporal expression at different time of recovery after hypoxia-ischemia in neonates might be implemented to optimize the therapeutic scheme after hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain. Additional studies on tailored regimes, accounting for the risk stratification of brain damage in newborns, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina Perrone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.P.); (S.M.R.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Lembo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (F.G.); (T.C.); (G.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Federica Gironi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (F.G.); (T.C.); (G.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Chiara Petrolini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.P.); (S.M.R.E.)
| | - Tiziana Catalucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (F.G.); (T.C.); (G.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Corbo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (F.G.); (T.C.); (G.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (F.G.); (T.C.); (G.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Chełchowska M, Gajewska J, Ambroszkiewicz J, Mazur J, Ołtarzewski M, Maciejewski TM. Influence of Oxidative Stress Generated by Smoking during Pregnancy on Glutathione Status in Mother-Newborn Pairs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121866. [PMID: 34942969 PMCID: PMC8698311 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione plays a key role in maintaining a physiological balance between prooxidants and antioxidants in the human body. Therefore, we examined the influence of maternal smoking as a source of oxidative stress measured by total oxidant capacity (TOC) on reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3), and reductase (GR) amount in maternal and umbilical cord blood in 110 (45 smoking and 65 non-smoking) mother-newborn pairs. Concentrations of glutathione status markers and TOC were evaluated by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. Plasma TOC levels were significantly higher and the GSH/GSSG ratio, which is considered an index of the cell’s redox status, were significantly lower in smoking women and their offspring than in non-smoking pairs. Decreased GR levels were found in smoking mothers and their newborns compared with similar non-smoking groups. Although plasma GPx-3 concentrations were similar in both maternal groups, in the cord blood of newborns exposed to tobacco smoke in utero they were reduced compared with the levels observed in children of tobacco abstinent mothers. Oxidative stress generated by tobacco smoke impairs glutathione homeostasis in both the mother and the newborn. The severity of oxidative processes in the mother co-existing with the reduced potential of antioxidant systems may have a negative effect on the oxidative-antioxidant balance in the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chełchowska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-2-2327-7260
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Góra, 65-729 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Ołtarzewski
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomasz M. Maciejewski
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
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Lembo C, Buonocore G, Perrone S. Oxidative Stress in Preterm Newborns. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111672. [PMID: 34829543 PMCID: PMC8614893 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm babies are highly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS) due to an imbalance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems. The generation of free radicals (FR) induces oxidative damage to multiple body organs and systems. OS is the main factor responsible for the development of typical premature infant diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, kidney damage, eryptosis, and also respiratory distress syndrome and patent ductus arteriosus. Many biomarkers have been detected to early identify newborns at risk of developing a free radical-mediated disease and to investigate new antioxidant strategies. This review reports the current knowledge on OS in the preterm newborns and the newest findings concerning the use of OS biomarkers as diagnostic tools, as well as in implementing antioxidant therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of these diseases and their sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lembo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Serafina Perrone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neonatology Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Katti K, Ayasolla KR, Iurcotta T, Potak D, Codipilly C, Weinberger B. Lipid peroxidation products as predictors of oxidant-mediated disease in preterm infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:4878-4883. [PMID: 33397176 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1869934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are susceptible to "oxygen radical diseases" (ORD). 8-isoprostane (8-IP) is a bioactive eicosanoid generated by reactive oxygen species-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is generated by the decomposition of oxidant-induced lipid hydroperoxides. We hypothesize that the development of ORD is associated with elevated plasma 8-IP on day 0-1, and increasing urine levels of MDA in the first month. METHODS Preterm (<32 weeks, n = 39) and term (n = 39) infants were recruited at birth. Plasma 8-IP was quantified by ELISA on day 0-1, and urine MDA by colorimetric assay of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on days 0-1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. ORD was defined as retinopathy of prematurity ≥ stage 1, pneumatosis, or oxygen requirement at 36 weeks corrected gestational age. RESULTS Plasma 8-IP was higher on day 0-1 in preterm infants who developed ORD compared to term infants. Urine TBARS levels increased in preterm infants from day 0-1 to day 28 but were not different in infants with or without ORD. Preterm infants who developed ORD demonstrated a significant rise in urine TBARS levels from day 1 to 14. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma 8-IP on day 1 is associated with ORD in preterm infants. If validated as a biomarker for ORD, it may be useful in directing antioxidant therapies to the most susceptible infants. Urine TBARS during the first month are not significantly different in term infants, preterm infants with ORD, and preterm infants without ORD, but rapid rise of TBARS in the first 2 weeks may be associated with ORD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Katti
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Kamesh R Ayasolla
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Toni Iurcotta
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Debra Potak
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Champa Codipilly
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Barry Weinberger
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
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How to Improve the Antioxidant Defense in Asphyxiated Newborns-Lessons from Animal Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090898. [PMID: 32967335 PMCID: PMC7554981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in brain damage after neonatal asphyxia. In the early phase of asphyxia/reoxygenation, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity play a pivotal role in switching on and off the cascade of events that can kill the neurons. Hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) forces the brain to activate endogenous mechanisms (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) to compensate for the lost or broken neural circuits. It is important to evaluate therapies to enhance the self-protective capacity of the brain. In animal models, decreased body temperature during neonatal asphyxia has been shown to increase cerebral antioxidant capacity. However, in preterm or severely asphyxiated newborns this therapy, rather than beneficial seems to be harmful. Thus, seeking new therapeutic approaches to prevent anoxia-induced complications is crucial. Pharmacotherapy with deferoxamine (DFO) is commonly recognized as a beneficial regimen for H/I insult. DFO, via iron chelation, reduces oxidative stress. It also assures an optimal antioxidant protection minimizing depletion of the antioxidant enzymes as well as low molecular antioxidants. In the present review, some aspects of recently acquired insight into the therapeutic effects of hypothermia and DFO in promoting neuronal survival after H/I are discussed.
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Cui P, Wang Y, Li Y, Ge L. Vitamin D Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Injury in Rat Primary Neuron Cells through Downregulation of the Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1) Gene. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925350. [PMID: 32712621 PMCID: PMC7405618 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rat primary neuron cells were incubated under a hypoxia condition [a hypoxic chamber mixed with anaerobic gas (90% N₂, 5% CO₂) and 5% O₂] to induce cell injury. Cell transfection was performed to overexpress or suppress the expression of dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected using a MDA (A003-2) or SOD (A001-1) kit. DUOX1 mRNA levels were detected using RT-PCR. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), DUOX1, vitamin D receptor (VDR), NF-kappaB protein expressions were determined by western blotting. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS ROS increased significantly after hypoxic treatment. The expressions of HIF-1alpha and DUOX1 were significantly increased after hypoxic treatment. Vitamin D could decrease ROS level, apoptotic neuron cells and DUOX1 expression, and increase VDR expression. Downregulation of DUOX1 significantly decreased MDA level and apoptotic percentages of neuron cells, increased SOD level, and counteracted the hypoxia-induced increase of NF-kappaB signal. Further study showed that overexpression of DUOX1 significantly increased MDA level, ROS level, apoptotic percentages of neuron cells, and NF-kappaB nuclear signaling, while decreased SOD level. Vitamin D significantly counteracted the effects of DUOX1 overexpression induced injury in rat primary neuron cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that vitamin D may protect neuron cells from hypoxia-induced injury by regulating DUOX1 via the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Ear, Nose, Throat (ENT) Department, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ge
- Department of Emergency, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
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11
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Cannavò L, Rulli I, Falsaperla R, Corsello G, Gitto E. Ventilation, oxidative stress and risk of brain injury in preterm newborn. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:100. [PMID: 32703261 PMCID: PMC7376314 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants have an increased risk of cognitive and behavioral deficits and cerebral palsy compared to term born babies. Especially before 32 weeks of gestation, infants may require respiratory support, but at the same time, ventilation is known to induce oxidative stress, increasing the risk of brain injury. Ventilation may cause brain damage through two pathways: localized cerebral inflammatory response and hemodynamic instability. During ventilation, the most important causes of pro-inflammatory cytokine release are oxygen toxicity, barotrauma and volutrauma. The purpose of this review was to analyze the mechanism of ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) and the relationship between brain injury and VILI in order to provide the safest possible respiratory support to a premature baby. As gentle ventilation from the delivery room is needed to reduce VILI, it is recommended to start ventilation with 21–30% oxygen, prefer a non-invasive respiratory approach and, if mechanical ventilation is required, prefer low Positive End-Expiratory Pressure and tidal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cannavò
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, UOC di Pediatria, Pad. NI, 3° piano, AOU Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Immacolata Rulli
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Department of Paediatrics, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Neuroprotective Effects of Lacosamide and Memantine on Hyperoxic Brain Injury in Rats. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1920-1929. [PMID: 32444924 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In neonates supraphysiological oxygen therapy has been demonstrated to cause neuronal death in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and retrosplenial cortex. There is a need for the detection of novel neuroprotective drugs. Neuroprotective effects of lacosamide or memantine have been demonstrated in adult patients with ischemia, trauma and status epilepticus. The effects in immature brains may be different. This study aimed to evaluate neuroprotective effects of lacosamide and memantine treatment in a hyperoxia-induced brain injury model in immature rats. This study was performed in the Animal Experiments Laboratory of Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine. Neonatal Wistar strain rat pups were exposed to hyperoxia (80% oxygen + 20% nitrogen) for five days postnatally. They were divided into five groups; hyperoxia + lacosamide, hyperoxia + memantine, hyperoxia + lacosamide and memantine, hyperoxia + saline, control groups. After termination of the experiment, brain tissues were examined. Neuron counting in examined regions were found to be higher in hyperoxia + memantine and hyperoxia + lacosamide and memantine groups than hyperoxia + saline group. The presence of apoptotic cells evaluated with TUNEL and active Caspase-3 in hyperoxia + memantine and hyperoxia + lacosamide and memantine groups were found to be lower compared to hyperoxia + saline group. This study demonstrates that neuron death and apoptosis in newborn rat brains after hyperoxia is reduced upon memantine treatment. This is the first study to show the effects of memantine and lacosamide on hyperoxia-induced damage in neonatal rat brains.
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Li L, Sun S, Tan L, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Polystyrene Nanoparticles Reduced ROS and Inhibited Ferroptosis by Triggering Lysosome Stress and TFEB Nucleus Translocation in a Size-Dependent Manner. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7781-7792. [PMID: 31558022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Though plastic nanoparticles have already raised much concern for their potential impact on health, our understanding of their biological effects is still utterly limited. Here we demonstrate for the first time that carboxyl-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (CPS) could effectively inhibit ferroptosis as a result of reduced cellular ROS which was triggered by transcription factor EB (TFEB) nucleus translocation. In this process, CPS first entered cells via macropinocytosis, then CPS-containing macropinosomes fused with lysosomes and expanded into abnormal lysosome-like large vacuoles in vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and aquaporins (AQPs) in a dependent way. These large vacuoles were detected both in vitro and in vivo, which was found to be a sign of lysosome stress. The lysosome stress induced deactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) which led to nucleus translocation of TFEB. Then, TFEB-dependent enhanced expression of lysosomal proteins and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which ultimately led to ROS reduction and inhibition of ferroptosis. Knockout of TFEB-enhanced ferroptosis was triggered by Erastin and abolished the effect of CPS on ROS and ferroptosis. In summary, our results reveal a novel mechanism whereby CPS reduced ROS and inhibited ferroptosis in a TFEB-dependent way. These findings have important implications for understanding the biological effects of polystyrene nanoparticles and searching for new anti-ROS and antiferroptosis particles or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Shili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Lingli Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
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14
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Luo Y, Li X, Liu T, Cao Y, Zhang J, Yaseen A, Sun F, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Si CL, Hu W. Senkyunolide H protects against MPP +-induced apoptosis via the ROS-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:73-81. [PMID: 30579107 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Senkyunolide H (SNH) is a phthalide isolated from the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. that has been reported to have several pharmacological activities, including anti-atherosclerotic, antiproliferative, and cytoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of SNH against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced oxidative stress. We demonstrated that SNH pretreatment significantly attenuated MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells. In addition, SNH attenuated the effect of MPP+ on the expression of the pro-apoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3. Meanwhile, SNH prevented oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cytochrome C release, and malondialdehyde levels while increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). In addition, SNH inhibited nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and phosphorylation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Overall, this investigation provides novel evidence that SNH exerts neuroprotective effects via the ROS-mediated MAPK pathway and represents a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Tingwu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Aftab Yaseen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fengting Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Wancai Zheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Jing-Jin-Ji Joint Innovation Pharmaceutical (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chuan-Ling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
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15
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Xi JS, Wang YF, Long XX, Ma Y. Mangiferin Potentiates Neuroprotection by Isoflurane in Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Activation of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7459-7468. [PMID: 30338764 PMCID: PMC6354638 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the perinatal period is a main cause of perinatal mortality and neurologic complications in neonates and children. Recent studies have focused on the neuroprotective effect of anesthetic drugs. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol with various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and ant-tumor effects. This study aimed to determine whether mangiferin potentiates the neuroprotective effects of isoflurane and also if mangiferin when administered alone exerts neuroprotective effects following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Material/Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to cerebral hypoxic ischemia on postnatal day 10 (P10). Mangiferin (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg b.w.) was intragastrically administered from P3 to P12 and 1 h prior to insult on the day of ischemic induction. At 3 h after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) insult, separate groups of rat pups were exposed to isoflurane (1.5%) for 6 h. Following 48 h of HI, the rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were used for analysis. Results Mangiferin treatment attenuated neuronal apoptosis and reduced cerebral infarct volume. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 and apoptotic cascade proteins were regulated. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde were reduced by mangiferin and/or isoflurane exposure. The levels of antioxidant glutathione were considerably raised under HI injury, which was modulated by mangiferin and isoflurane exposure. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which was downregulated following HI insult, was activated by mangiferin and/or isoflurane. Conclusions This study reveals the potent neuroprotective efficacy of mangiferin against HI-induced brain injury via effectively modulating apoptotic pathways, ROS levels, and PI3K/Akt cascades while potentiating protective effects of isoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shui Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Fen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xin-Xin Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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16
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Neuroprotective Effects of Mitochondria-Targeted Plastoquinone in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic⁻Ischemic Brain Injury. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081871. [PMID: 30060443 PMCID: PMC6222533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia⁻ischemia is one of the main causes of mortality and disability of newborns. To study the mechanisms of neonatal brain cell damage, we used a model of neonatal hypoxia⁻ischemia in seven-day-old rats, by annealing of the common carotid artery with subsequent hypoxia of 8% oxygen. We demonstrate that neonatal hypoxia⁻ischemia causes mitochondrial dysfunction associated with high production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress. Targeted delivery of antioxidants to the mitochondria can be an effective therapeutic approach to treat the deleterious effects of brain hypoxia⁻ischemia. We explored the neuroprotective properties of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQR1, which is the conjugate of a plant plastoquinone and a penetrating cation, rhodamine 19. Being introduced before or immediately after hypoxia⁻ischemia, SkQR1 affords neuroprotection as judged by the diminished brain damage and recovery of long-term neurological functions. Using vital sections of the brain, SkQR1 has been shown to reduce the development of oxidative stress. Thus, the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant derived from plant plastoquinone can effectively protect the brain of newborns both in pre-ischemic and post-stroke conditions, making it a promising candidate for further clinical studies.
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17
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Janowska J, Sypecka J. Therapeutic Strategies for Leukodystrophic Disorders Resulting from Perinatal Asphyxia: Focus on Myelinating Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:4388-4402. [PMID: 28660484 PMCID: PMC5884907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia results from the action of different risk factors like complications during pregnancy, preterm delivery, or long and difficult labor. Nowadays, it is still the leading cause of neonatal brain injury known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and resulting neurological disorders. A temporal limitation of oxygen, glucose, and trophic factors supply results in alteration of neural cell differentiation and functioning and/or leads to their death. Among the affected cells are oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating the central nervous system (CNS) and formation of white matter. Therefore, one of the major consequences of the experienced HIE is leukodystrophic diseases resulting from oligodendrocyte deficiency or malfunctioning. The therapeutic strategies applied after perinatal asphyxia are aimed at reducing brain damage and promoting the endogenous neuroreparative mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the biology of oligodendrocytes and discuss present clinical treatments in the context of their efficiency in preserving white matter structure and preventing cognitive and behavioral deficits after perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Zitta K, Peeters-Scholte C, Sommer L, Gruenewald M, Hummitzsch L, Parczany K, Steinfath M, Albrecht M. 2-Iminobiotin Superimposed on Hypothermia Protects Human Neuronal Cells from Hypoxia-Induced Cell Damage: An in Vitro Study. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:971. [PMID: 29358921 PMCID: PMC5768900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia represents one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hypothermia is currently the only established treatment for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), but additional pharmacological strategies are being explored to further reduce the damage after perinatal asphyxia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 2-iminobiotin (2-IB) superimposed on hypothermia has the potential to attenuate hypoxia-induced injury of neuronal cells. In vitro hypoxia was induced for 7 h in neuronal IMR-32 cell cultures. Afterwards, all cultures were subjected to 25 h of hypothermia (33.5°C), and incubated with vehicle or 2-IB (10, 30, 50, 100, and 300 ng/ml). Cell morphology was evaluated by brightfield microscopy. Cell damage was analyzed by LDH assays. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using fluorometric assays. Western blotting for PARP, Caspase-3, and the phosphorylated forms of akt and erk1/2 was conducted. To evaluate early apoptotic events and signaling, cell protein was isolated 4 h post-hypoxia and human apoptosis proteome profiler arrays were performed. Twenty-five hour after the hypoxic insult, clear morphological signs of cell damage were visible and significant LDH release as well as ROS production were observed even under hypothermic conditions. Post-hypoxic application of 2-IB (10 and 30 ng/ml) reduced the hypoxia-induced LDH release but not ROS production. Phosphorylation of erk1/2 was significantly increased after hypoxia, while phosphorylation of akt, protein expression of Caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP were only slightly increased. Addition of 2-IB did not affect any of the investigated proteins. Apoptosis proteome profiler arrays performed with cellular protein obtained 4 h after hypoxia revealed that post-hypoxic application of 2-IB resulted in a ≥ 25% down regulation of 10/35 apoptosis-related proteins: Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved Caspase-3, TRAILR1, TRAILR2, PON2, p21, p27, and phospho Rad17. In summary, addition of 2-IB during hypothermia is able to attenuate hypoxia-induced neuronal cell damage in vitro. Combination treatment of hypothermia with 2-IB could be a promising strategy to reduce hypoxia-induced neuronal cell damage and should be considered in further animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Zitta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Lena Sommer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Gruenewald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Hummitzsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Parczany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Steinfath
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Martinello KA, Shepherd E, Middleton P, Crowther CA. Allopurinol for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Martinello
- The University of Adelaide, Women's and Children's Hospital; Department of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine; 72 King William Road Adelaide South Australia Australia 5006
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London; Department of Neonatology; London UK
| | - Emily Shepherd
- The University of Adelaide; ARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Adelaide South Australia Australia 5006
| | - Philippa Middleton
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Women's and Children's Hospital 72 King William Road Adelaide South Australia Australia 5006
| | - Caroline A Crowther
- The University of Adelaide; ARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Adelaide South Australia Australia 5006
- The University of Auckland; Liggins Institute; Private Bag 92019 85 Park Road Auckland New Zealand
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20
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Zhou X, Lu D, Li WD, Chen XH, Yang XY, Chen X, Zhou ZB, Ye JH, Feng X. Sevoflurane Affects Oxidative Stress and Alters Apoptosis Status in Children and Cultured Neural Stem Cells. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:790-800. [PMID: 29071560 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity in immature animals has raised concerns about similar effects occurring in young children. Our study investigated two commonly used anesthetics-sevoflurane and propofol-for neurotoxicity in young children. Forty-seven children (aged 12-36 months) undergoing hypospadias repair surgery were randomized to receive sevoflurane (SG, n = 24) or propofol (PG, n = 23) general anesthesia. Venous blood was collected at three different times-immediately after induction, 2 h, and 3 days after surgery. The cellular portion was assessed for antioxidant defense and DNA damage, using enzyme assay kits and qRT-PCR, respectively, while serum was used to treat cultured neural stem cells (NSCs). MTT assay and TUNEL staining were performed, and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis indicators were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Antioxidant defense and apoptosis status in the SG group were significantly higher than in the PG group at 2 h after surgery. Additionally, exposure of NSCs to postoperative serum of the SG group resulted in decreased cell density and viability, increased TUNEL-positive cells, elevated mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Our data shows for the first time that in young children, administration of sevoflurane, but not propofol, leads to temporally increased antioxidant defense and apoptosis status as well as damage of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dihan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-da Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Pathipati P, Ferriero DM. The Differential Effects of Erythropoietin Exposure to Oxidative Stress on Microglia and Astrocytes in vitro. Dev Neurosci 2017; 39:310-322. [PMID: 28511187 DOI: 10.1159/000467391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal brain is especially susceptible to oxidative stress owing to its reduced antioxidant capacity. Following hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury, for example, there is a prolonged elevation in levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the immature brain compared to the adult brain, resulting in lasting injury that can lead to life-long disability or morbidity. Erythropoietin (Epo) is one of few multifaceted treatment options that have been promising enough to trial in the clinic for both term and preterm brain injury. Despite this, there is a lack of clear understanding of how Epo modulates glial cell activity following oxidative injury, specifically, whether it affects microglia (Mg) and astrocytes (Ast) differently. Using an in vitro approach using primary murine Mg and Ast subjected to H2O2 injury, we studied the oxidative and inflammatory responses of Mg and Ast to recombinant murine (rm)Epo treatment. We found that Epo protects Ast from H2O2 injury (p < 0.05) and increases secreted nitric oxide levels in these cells (p < 0.05) while suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (p < 0.05) and superoxide ion (p < 0.05) levels only in Mg. Using a multiplex analysis, we noted that although H2O2 induced the levels of several chemokines, rmEpo did not have any significant specific effects on their levels, either with or without the presence of conditioned medium from injured neurons (NCM). Ultimately, it appears that rmEpo has pleiotropic effects based on the cell type; it has a protective effect on Ast but an antioxidative effect only on Mg without any significant modulation of chemokine and cytokine levels in either cell type. These findings highlight the importance of considering all cell types when assessing the benefits and pitfalls of Epo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeti Pathipati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Antioxidant polymorphisms do not influence the risk of epilepsy or its drug resistance after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Seizure 2017; 46:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Arteaga O, Álvarez A, Revuelta M, Santaolalla F, Urtasun A, Hilario E. Role of Antioxidants in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: New Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E265. [PMID: 28134843 PMCID: PMC5343801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage is an alarming health and economic problem in spite of the advances in neonatal care. It can cause mortality or detrimental neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy, motor impairment and cognitive deficits in neonates. When hypoxia-ischemia occurs, a multi-faceted cascade of events starts out, which can eventually cause cell death. Lower levels of oxygen due to reduced blood supply increase the production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress, a higher concentration of free cytosolic calcium and impaired mitochondrial function, triggering the activation of apoptotic pathways, DNA fragmentation and cell death. The high incidence of this type of lesion in newborns can be partly attributed to the fact that the developing brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Since antioxidants can safely interact with free radicals and terminate that chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged, exogenous antioxidant therapy may have the potential to diminish cellular damage caused by hypoxia-ischemia. In this review, we focus on the neuroprotective effects of antioxidant treatments against perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, in the light of the most recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Arteaga
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Antonia Álvarez
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Miren Revuelta
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Francisco Santaolalla
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Basurto University Hospital, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Andoni Urtasun
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- Neurogenomiks Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48170 Zamudio, Spain.
| | - Enrique Hilario
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Yıldız EP, Ekici B, Tatlı B. Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: an update on disease pathogenesis and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:449-459. [PMID: 27830959 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1259567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most important reason for morbidity and mortality in term-born infants. Understanding pathophysiology of the brain damage is essential for the early detection of patients with high risk for HIE and development of strategies for their treatments. Areas covered: This review discusses pathophysiology of the neonatal HIE and its treatment options, including hypothermia, melatonin, allopurinol, topiramate, erythropoietin, N-acetylcyctein, magnesium sulphate and xenon. Expert commentary: Several clinical studies have been performed in order to decrease the risk of brain injury due to difficulties in the early diagnosis and treatment, and to develop strategies for better long-term outcomes. Although currently standard treatment methods include therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with moderate to severe HIE, new supportive options are needed to enhance neuroprotective effects of the hypothermia, which should aim to reduce production of the free radicals and to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barış Ekici
- b Department of Pediatric Neurology , Liv Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Burak Tatlı
- a Department of Pediatric Neurology , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Zitta K, Peeters-Scholte C, Sommer L, Parczany K, Steinfath M, Albrecht M. Insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms of 2-iminobiotin employing an in-vitro model of hypoxic-ischemic cell injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:63-69. [PMID: 27780726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several animal models have been used to simulate cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and suggested neuroprotective effects of the biotin analogue 2-iminobiotin (2-IB). The aims of this study were to employ a human in-vitro hypoxia model to confirm protective effects of 2-IB on neuronal cells, determine the optimal neuroprotective concentrations of 2-IB and scrutinize underlying cellular effects of 2-IB. Neuronal IMR-32 cells were exposed to hypoxia employing an enzymatic hypoxia system and were thereafter incubated with various concentrations of 2-IB (10 to 300ng/ml). Cell damage, metabolic activity and generation of reactive oxygen species were quantified using colorimetric/fluorometric lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tetrazolium-based (MTS) and reactive oxygen species assays. Proteome profiling arrays were performed to evaluate the regulation of cell stress protein expression by hypoxia and 2-IB. Seven hours of hypoxia led to morphological changes in IMR-32 cultures, increased neuronal cell damage (P<0.001), reduction of metabolic activity (P<0.01) and enhanced reactive oxygen species production (P<0.05). Post-hypoxic application of 2-IB (30ng/ml) attenuated hypoxia-induced LDH release (P<0.05) and increased metabolic activity of IMR-32 cells (P<0.05), while reactive oxygen species production was only by trend decreased. Array-based protein expression profiling revealed that 2-IB attenuated the expression of several hypoxia-induced cell stress-associated proteins by more than 25% (pp38α, HIF2α, ADAMTS1, pHSP27, PON2, PON3 and p27). Hypoxia-induced neuronal cell damage can be simulated using the described in-vitro model. 2-IB inhibits hypoxia-mediated neurotoxicity most efficiently at 30ng/ml and the underlying mechanisms involve a downregulation of stress-associated protein expression. Our results suggest 2-IB as a potential drug for the treatment of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Zitta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Lena Sommer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Parczany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Steinfath
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Cord Blood Adiponectin and Visfatin Concentrations in relation to Oxidative Stress Markers in Neonates Exposed and Nonexposed In Utero to Tobacco Smoke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4569108. [PMID: 27525051 PMCID: PMC4971318 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4569108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims. Maternal smoking is considered as a source of oxidative stress, which has been implicated to disrupted adipokines expression in adipose tissue. We examined the relationship between selected adipokines and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defence in the umbilical cord of neonates exposed and nonexposed in utero to tobacco smoke. Methods. Subjects including 85 healthy neonates (born to 41 smokers and 44 nonsmokers) were tested for adiponectin, visfatin, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results. Cord serum visfatin, ox-LDL, and TOC were significantly higher (p < 0.001) but adiponectin and TAC were lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, resp.) in smoking group than in tobacco abstinents. In whole group of children (adjusted for smoking status, gender, and birth weight) adiponectin showed negative and visfatin positive correlations with ox-LDL. In the model estimated separately for smokers ox-LDL explained 36% of adiponectin and 35.5% of visfatin variance, while in the model of nonsmokers it explained 36.8% and 69.4%, respectively. Conclusion. Maternal smoking enhances oxidative status and depletes antioxidant potential in newborns. Lower level of adiponectin and higher visfatin concentration seem to be related with a less beneficial oxidative stress profile and higher level of lipid peroxidation in neonates exposed and nonexposed in utero to tobacco smoke.
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Ozsurekci Y, Aykac K. Oxidative Stress Related Diseases in Newborns. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2768365. [PMID: 27403229 PMCID: PMC4926016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2768365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We review oxidative stress-related newborn disease and the mechanism of oxidative damage. In addition, we outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and future directions. Many reports have defined oxidative stress as an imbalance between an enhanced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and the lack of protective ability of antioxidants. From that point of view, free radical-induced damage caused by oxidative stress seems to be a probable contributing factor to the pathogenesis of many newborn diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, and retinopathy of prematurity. We share the hope that the new understanding of the concept of oxidative stress and its relation to newborn diseases that has been made possible by new diagnostic techniques will throw light on the treatment of those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Ozsurekci
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kubra Aykac
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Barton SK, Tolcos M, Miller SL, Christoph-Roehr C, Schmölzer GM, Moss TJM, Hooper SB, Wallace EM, Polglase GR. Ventilation-Induced Brain Injury in Preterm Neonates: A Review of Potential Therapies. Neonatology 2016; 110:155-62. [PMID: 27105430 DOI: 10.1159/000444918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is a risk factor for cerebral inflammation and brain injury in preterm neonates. The risk increases proportionally with the intensity of treatment. Recent studies have shown that cerebral inflammation and injury can be initiated in the delivery room. At present, initiation of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the delivery room is one of the least controlled interventions a preterm infant will likely face. Varying pressures and volumes administered shortly after birth are sufficient to trigger pathways of ventilation-induced lung and brain injury. The pathways involved in ventilation-induced brain injury include a complex inflammatory cascade and haemodynamic instability, both of which have an impact on the brain. However, regardless of the strategy employed to deliver IPPV, any ventilation has the potential to have an impact on the immature brain. This is particularly important given that preterm infants are already at a high risk for brain injury simply due to immaturity. This highlights the importance of improving the initial respiratory support in the delivery room. We review the mechanisms of ventilation-induced brain injury and discuss the need for, and the most likely, current therapeutic agents to protect the preterm brain. These include therapies already employed clinically, such as maternal glucocorticoid therapy and allopurinol, as well as other agents, such as erythropoietin, human amnion epithelial cells and melatonin, already showing promise in preclinical studies. Their mechanisms of action are discussed, highlighting their potential for use immediately after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Barton
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., UK
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29
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Comment on "New Antioxidant Drugs for Neonatal Brain Injury". OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:384372. [PMID: 26483863 PMCID: PMC4592917 DOI: 10.1155/2015/384372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Escriche-Tur L, Corbella M, Font-Bardia M, Castro I, Bonneviot L, Albela B. Biomimetic Mn-Catalases Based on Dimeric Manganese Complexes in Mesoporous Silica for Potential Antioxidant Agent. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10111-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Escriche-Tur
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | | | | | - Isabel Castro
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático
José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Laurent Bonneviot
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Belén Albela
- Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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