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Pinto CIG, Branco ADM, Bucar S, Fonseca A, Abrunhosa AJ, da Silva CL, Guerreiro JF, Mendes F. Evaluation of the theranostic potential of [ 64Cu]CuCl 2 in glioblastoma spheroids. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:26. [PMID: 38453813 PMCID: PMC10920519 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is an extremely aggressive malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis. Due to the increased proliferation rate of glioblastoma, there is the development of hypoxic regions, characterized by an increased concentration of copper (Cu). Considering this, 64Cu has attracted attention as a possible theranostic radionuclide for glioblastoma. In particular, [64Cu]CuCl2 accumulates in glioblastoma, being considered a suitable agent for positron emission tomography. Here, we explore further the theranostic potential of [64Cu]CuCl2, by studying its therapeutic effects in advanced three-dimensional glioblastoma cellular models. First, we established spheroids from three glioblastoma (T98G, U373, and U87) and a non-tumoral astrocytic cell line. Then, we evaluated the therapeutic responses of spheroids to [64Cu]CuCl2 exposure by analyzing spheroids' growth, viability, and cells' proliferative capacity. Afterward, we studied possible mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic outcomes, including the uptake of 64Cu, the expression levels of a copper transporter (CTR1), the presence of a cancer stem cell population, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Results revealed that [64Cu]CuCl2 is able to significantly reduce spheroids' growth and viability, while also affecting cells' proliferation capacity. The uptake of 64Cu, the presence of cancer stem-like cells and the production of ROS were in accordance with the therapeutic response. However, expression levels of CTR1 were not in agreement with uptake levels, revealing that other mechanisms could be involved in the uptake of 64Cu. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results further support [64Cu]CuCl2 potential as a theranostic agent for glioblastoma, unveiling potential mechanisms that could be involved in the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I G Pinto
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André D M Branco
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Bucar
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Fonseca
- CIBIT/ICNAS Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS PHARMA, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J Abrunhosa
- CIBIT/ICNAS Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS PHARMA, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana F Guerreiro
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa and Laboratório Associado Para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mendes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Baberwal P, Sonavane S, Vimalnath KV, Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Basu S. Normal physiological distribution and tumor localization of 64 CuCl 2 in different human malignancies along with semiquantitative scoring: a comparative evaluation with 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 FDG) PET-CT. Nucl Med Commun 2024; 45:211-220. [PMID: 38165163 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore 64-Copper-Chloride ( 64 CuCl 2 ) PET-CT in various malignancies and demonstrate a head-to-head comparison of uptake on 64 CuCl 2 PET/computed tomography (CT) and 18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 FDG)-PET/CT scans for different malignancies, with an emphasis on 18 FDG nonavid malignancies. METHODS Fifty-three patients diagnosed with various biopsy-proven malignancies (except prostate cancer) were recruited in this prospective study. All the patients underwent both 64 CuCl 2 PET/CT and 18 FDG-PET/CT. 64 CuCl 2 PET/CT was acquired at 1, 3 and 24 h time points. We studied the physiological biodistribution of 64 CuCl 2 in the various organs, corroborated the uptake of 64 CuCl 2 with various types of malignancies and comparison of their uptake with 18 FDG-PET/CT and their correlation with each other in various lesions. RESULTS The biodistribution study showed that the liver concentrated 64 CuCl 2 the most out of all the organs, followed by the pancreas and large intestine. Liver and intestinal activity increased subsequently with delayed imaging, and the washout of 64 CuCl 2 was noted in the pancreas in delayed images and followed a hepatobiliary excretion of tracer over a period of time. In lesion-wise analysis, it was noted that the primary neuroendocrine tumor, melanoma and renal/urothelial malignancy group showed more uptake of 64 CuCl 2 , than that in metastasis and vice-versa was noted in lung and soft tissue malignancies. Comparing it with 18 FDG, it was seen that FDG showed more uptake in lesions and showed no significant correlation (Kappa value: 0.089) with the uptake of 64 CuCl 2 in the lesion-wise comparison. CONCLUSION 64 CuCl 2 PET/CT did not show any added advantage over 18 FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation of the studied malignancies, both primary and their metastasis. Biodistribution studies showed the liver as the organ with maximum uptake, which implies it may hinder the detection of abdominal or hepatic involvement of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Baberwal
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annexe, Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sunita Sonavane
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annexe, Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - K V Vimalnath
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annexe, Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Liu T, Dahle MA, Lystad MH, Marignol L, Karlsen M, Redalen KR. In vitro and in vivo characterization of [ 64Cu][Cu(elesclomol)] as a novel theranostic agent for hypoxic solid tumors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3576-3588. [PMID: 37382663 PMCID: PMC10547809 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxic tumors are associated with therapy resistance and poor cancer prognosis, but methods to detect and counter tumor hypoxia remain insufficient. Our purpose was to investigate 64Cu(II)-elesclomol ([64Cu][Cu(ES)]) as a novel theranostic agent for hypoxic tumors, by implementing an improved production method and assessing its therapeutic and diagnostic potential compared to the established Cu-64 radiopharmaceuticals [64Cu]CuCl2 and [diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]. METHODS Cu-64 was produced using a biomedical cyclotron at 12 MeV with the reaction 64Ni(p,n)64Cu, followed by synthesis of [64Cu]CuCl2, [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)], and [64Cu][Cu(ES)]. In vitro therapeutic effects were assessed in both normoxic and hypoxic cells (22Rv1 and PC3 prostate cancer cells, and U-87MG glioblastoma cells) using the clonogenic assay and analyzing cellular uptake and internalization. In vivo therapeutic effects were assessed in 22Rv1 xenografts in BALB/cAnN-Foxn1nu/nu/Rj mice receiving a single or multiple doses of radiopharmaceutical, before their feasibility to detect tumor hypoxia was assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) in 22Rv1 and U-87MG xenografts. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that [64Cu][Cu(ES)] reduced cell survival and inhibited tumor growth more effectively than [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and [64Cu]CuCl2. Hypoxia increased the cellular uptake and internalization of [64Cu][Cu(ES)] and [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]. [64Cu][Cu(ES)]-PET tumor hypoxia detection was feasible and also revealed an unexpected finding of uptake in the brain. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that ES is radiolabeled with [64Cu]CuCl2 to [64Cu][Cu(ES)]. We demonstrated superior therapeutic effects of [64Cu][Cu(ES)] compared to [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and [64Cu]CuCl2 and that [64Cu][Cu(ES)]-PET is feasible. [64Cu][Cu(ES)] is a promising theranostic agent for hypoxic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Liu
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Aanesland Dahle
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mathilde Hirsum Lystad
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laure Marignol
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Morten Karlsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Carrasco-Hernandez J, Ramos-Méndez J, Padilla-Rodal E, Avila-Rodriguez MA. Cellular lethal damage of 64Cu incorporated in mammalian genome evaluated with Monte Carlo methods. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1253746. [PMID: 37841004 PMCID: PMC10575761 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1253746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with Auger Emitters (AE) is a technique that allows targeting specific sites on tumor cells using radionuclides. The toxicity of AE is critically dependent on its proximity to the DNA. The aim of this study is to quantify the DNA damage and radiotherapeutic potential of the promising AE radionuclide copper-64 (64Cu) incorporated into the DNA of mammalian cells using Monte Carlo track-structure simulations. Methods A mammalian cell nucleus model with a diameter of 9.3 μm available in TOPAS-nBio was used. The cellular nucleus consisted of double-helix DNA geometrical model of 2.3 nm diameter surrounded by a hydration shell with a thickness of 0.16 nm, organized in 46 chromosomes giving a total of 6.08 giga base-pairs (DNA density of 14.4 Mbp/μm3). The cellular nucleus was irradiated with monoenergetic electrons and radiation emissions from several radionuclides including 111In, 125I, 123I, and 99mTc in addition to 64Cu. For monoenergetic electrons, isotropic point sources randomly distributed within the nucleus were modeled. The radionuclides were incorporated in randomly chosen DNA base pairs at two positions near to the central axis of the double-helix DNA model at (1) 0.25 nm off the central axis and (2) at the periphery of the DNA (1.15 nm off the central axis). For all the radionuclides except for 99mTc, the complete physical decay process was explicitly simulated. For 99mTc only total electron spectrum from published data was used. The DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB) yield per decay from direct and indirect actions were quantified. Results obtained for monoenergetic electrons and radionuclides 111In, 125I, 123I, and 99mTc were compared with measured and calculated data from the literature for verification purposes. The DSB yields per decay incorporated in DNA for 64Cu are first reported in this work. The therapeutic effect of 64Cu (activity that led 37% cell survival after two cell divisions) was determined in terms of the number of atoms incorporated into the nucleus that would lead to the same DSBs that 100 decays of 125I. Simulations were run until a 2% statistical uncertainty (1 standard deviation) was achieved. Results The behavior of DSBs as a function of the energy for monoenergetic electrons was consistent with published data, the DSBs increased with the energy until it reached a maximum value near 500 eV followed by a continuous decrement. For 64Cu, when incorporated in the genome at evaluated positions (1) and (2), the DSB were 0.171 ± 0.003 and 0.190 ± 0.003 DSB/decay, respectively. The number of initial atoms incorporated into the genome (per cell) for 64Cu that would cause a therapeutic effect was estimated as 3,107 ± 28, that corresponds to an initial activity of 47.1 ± 0.4 × 10-3 Bq. Conclusion Our results showed that TRT with 64Cu has comparable therapeutic effects in cells as that of TRT with radionuclides currently used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Carrasco-Hernandez
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ramos-Méndez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Rodal
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Avila-Rodriguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Zoi V, Giannakopoulou M, Alexiou GA, Bouziotis P, Thalasselis S, Tzakos AG, Fotopoulos A, Papadopoulos AN, Kyritsis AP, Sioka C. Nuclear Medicine and Cancer Theragnostics: Basic Concepts. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3064. [PMID: 37835806 PMCID: PMC10572920 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer theragnostics is a novel approach that combines diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy. It is based on the use of a pair of radiopharmaceuticals, one optimized for positron emission tomography imaging through linkage to a proper radionuclide, and the other bearing an alpha- or beta-emitter isotope that can induce significant damage to cancer cells. In recent years, the use of theragnostics in nuclear medicine clinical practice has increased considerably, and thus investigation has focused on the identification of novel radionuclides that can bind to molecular targets that are typically dysregulated in different cancers. The major advantages of the theragnostic approach include the elimination of multi-step procedures, reduced adverse effects to normal tissues, early diagnosis, better predictive responses, and personalized patient care. This review aims to discuss emerging theragnostic molecules that have been investigated in a series of human malignancies, including gliomas, thyroid cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, cholangiocarcinoma, and prostate cancer, as well as potent and recently introduced molecular targets, like cell-surface receptors, kinases, and cell adhesion proteins. Furthermore, special reference has been made to copper radionuclides as theragnostic agents and their radiopharmaceutical applications since they present promising alternatives to the well-studied gallium-68 and lutetium-177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zoi
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - George A. Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Chrissa Sioka
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Milot MC, Bélissant-Benesty O, Dumulon-Perreault V, Ait-Mohand S, Geha S, Richard PO, Rousseau É, Guérin B. Theranostic 64Cu-DOTHA 2-PSMA allows low toxicity radioligand therapy in mice prostate cancer model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1073491. [PMID: 36741017 PMCID: PMC9889868 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1073491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously shown that copper-64 (64Cu)-DOTHA2-PSMA can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer. Owing to the long-lasting, high tumoral uptake of 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA in vivo. Methods LNCaP tumor-bearing NOD-Rag1nullIL2rgnull (NRG) mice were treated with an intraveinous single-dose of 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA at maximal tolerated injected activity, natCu-DOTHA2-PSMA at equimolar amount (control) or lutetium-177 (177Lu)-PSMA-617 at 120 MBq to assess their impact on survival. Weight, well-being and tumor size were followed until mice reached 62 days post-injection or ethical limits. Toxicity was assessed through weight, red blood cells (RBCs) counts, pathology and dosimetry calculations. Results Survival was longer with 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA than with natCu-DOTHA2-PSMA (p < 0.001). Likewise, survival was also longer when compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617, although it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.09). RBCs counts remained within normal range for the 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA group. 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA treated mice showed non-pathological fibrosis and no other signs of radiation injury. Human extrapolation of dosimetry yielded an effective dose of 3.14 × 10-2 mSv/MBq, with highest organs doses to gastrointestinal tract and liver. Discussion Collectively, our data showed that 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA-directed radioligand therapy was effective for the treatment of LNCaP tumor-bearing NRG mice with acceptable toxicity and dosimetry. The main potential challenge is the hepatic and gastrointestinal irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Milot
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ophélie Bélissant-Benesty
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick O. Richard
- Department of Surgery, Division of urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Rousseau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Brigitte Guérin,
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Capriotti G, Piccardo A, Giovannelli E, Signore A. Targeting Copper in Cancer Imaging and Therapy: A New Theragnostic Agent. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010223. [PMID: 36615024 PMCID: PMC9821557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is required for cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Copper-64 radionuclide (64Cu), a form of copper chloride (64CuCl2), is rapidly emerging as a diagnostic PET/CT tracer in oncology. It may also represent an interesting alternative to gallium-68 (68Ga) as a radionuclide precursor for labelling radiopharmaceuticals used to investigate neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer. This emerging interest is also related to the nuclear properties of 64CuCl2 that make it an ideal theragnostic nuclide. Indeed, 64CuCl2 emits β+ and β- particles together with high-linear-energy-transfer Auger electrons, suggesting the therapeutic potential of 64CuCl2 for the radionuclide cancer therapy of copper-avid tumors. Recently, 64CuCl2 was successfully used to image prostate cancer, bladder cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and non-small cell lung carcinoma in humans. Copper cancer uptake was related to the expression of human copper transport 1 (hCTR1) on the cancer cell surface. Biodistribution, toxicology and radiation safety studies showed its radiation and toxicology safety. Based on the findings from the preclinical research studies, 64CuCl2 PET/CT also holds potential for the diagnostic imaging of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), malignant melanoma, and the detection of the intracranial metastasis of copper-avid tumors based on the low physiological background of radioactive copper uptake in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Capriotti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nuclear Medicine Unit Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- S.C. Medicina Nucleare Ente Ospedaliero “Ospedali Galliera”, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Giovannelli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nuclear Medicine Unit Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Signore
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nuclear Medicine Unit Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Cancer therapy by antibody-targeted Cerenkov light and metabolism-selective photosensitization. J Control Release 2022; 352:25-34. [PMID: 36243234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective cancer treatment option, but it suffers from penetration limit of light, making it available only for superficial and endoscopically accessible cancers. Recently, there have been reports that Cerenkov luminescence originated from radioisotopes can be utilized as an excitation source for PDT without external light illumination. Here, cancer-selective agents, i.e., (1) clinically available 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which promotes cancer metabolism-specific accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and (2) 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab, which has HER2-expressing cancer selective uptake, are separately applied as a photosensitizer and an in situ radiator, respectively, to potentiate tumor-specific Cerenkov luminescence energy transfer (CLET) from 64Cu to PpIX for high-precision PDT of cancer. It is shown that the combinational administration and tumor colocalization of 5-ALA and 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab exert significant in vitro cytotoxicity (cell viability <9%) as well as in vivo antitumor effects (tumor volume ratio of 0.50 on 14 days post-injection) on HER2-expressing breast and gastric cancer models. This study proves that high-precision treatment regimen using dual-targeted CLET-based PDT is feasible for HER2-expressing cancers. Furthermore, the results offer great potential for clinical translation to the dual-targeted CLET-based PDT because the treatment regimen uses components, 5-ALA and 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab, which are already in clinical uses.
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Wen X, Zeng X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Shi C, Wu X, Zhuang R, Chen X, Zhang X, Guo Z. Synergism of 64Cu-Labeled RGD with Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy for the Long-Acting Antitumor Effect. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2170-2179. [PMID: 36256849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We put forward a novel targeting-triggering-therapy (TTT) scheme that combines 64Cu-based targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-based immunotherapy for enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The αvβ3 integrin-targeted 64Cu-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK (64Cu-DER) was synthesized. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR were performed to verify PD-L1 upregulation after irradiation with 64Cu-DER. Positron emission tomography imaging was performed to investigate the prominent tumor retention property of 64Cu-DER. In the MC38 tumor model, anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1 mAb) was delivered in a concurrent or sequential manner after 64Cu-DER was injected, followed by the testing of changes in tumor microenvironment (TME). PD-L1 was upregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner after being induced by 64Cu-DER. The combination of 64Cu-DER TRT (925 MBq/kg) and αPD-L1 mAb (10 mg/kg) resulted in significant delay in tumor growth and protected against tumor rechallenge. Blockade of PD-L1 at 4 h after 64Cu-DER TRT (64Cu-DER + αPD-L1 mAb @ 4 h combination group) was able to achieve 100% survival rate, prevent tumor relapse, and evidently prolong the survival of mice. In summary, the combination of 64Cu-DER and αPD-L1 mAb in a time-dependent manner could be a promising approach to improve therapeutic efficacy. Understandably, this strategy has the potential to extend the scope of 64Cu-based TTT and merits translation into clinical practice for the better management of immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Changrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
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64CuCl 2 PET Imaging of 4T1-Related Allograft of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154869. [PMID: 35956819 PMCID: PMC9369569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
64CuCl2 is an economic radiotracer for oncologic PET investigations. In the present study, we characterized the uptake of 64CuCl2 in vivo by µPET/CT in an allograft 4T1-related mouse model (BALB/c) of advanced breast cancer. 18F-FDG was used as a comparator. Twenty-two animals were imaged 7–9 days following 4T1-cell implantation inside mammary glands. Dynamic 64CuCl2 µPET/CT acquisition or iterative static images up to 8 h p.i. were performed. Animal biodistribution and tumor uptake were first evaluated in vivo by µPET analysis and then assessed on tissue specimens. Concerning 18F-FDG µPET, a static acquisition was performed at 15 min and 60 min p.i. Tumor 64CuCl2 accumulation increased from 5 min to 4 h p.i., reaching a maximum value of 5.0 ± 0.20 %ID/g. Liver, brain, and muscle 64CuCl2 accumulation was stable over time. The tumor-to-muscle ratio remained stable from 1 to 8 h p.i., ranging from 3.0 to 3.7. Ex vivo data were consistent with in vivo estimations. The 18F-FDG tumor accumulation was 8.82 ± 1.03 %ID/g, and the tumor-to-muscle ratio was 4.54 ± 1.11. 64CuCl2 PET/CT provides good characterization of the 4T1-related breast cancer model and allows for exploration of non-glycolytic cellular pathways potentially of interest for theragnostic strategies.
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11
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De Nardo L, Pupillo G, Mou L, Esposito J, Rosato A, Meléndez‐Alafort L. A feasibility study of the therapeutic application of a mixture of 67/64 Cu radioisotopes produced by cyclotrons with proton irradiation. Med Phys 2022; 49:2709-2724. [PMID: 35134261 PMCID: PMC9305914 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 64 Cu and 67 Cu radioisotopes have nuclear characteristics suitable for nuclear medicine applications. The production of 64 Cu is already well established. However, the production of 67 Cu in quantities suitable to conduct clinical trials is more challenging as it leads to the coproduction of other Cu isotopes, in particular 64 Cu. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of using a CuCl2 solution with a mixture of 67/64 Cu radioisotopes for therapeutic purposes, providing an alternative solution for the cyclotron production problem. METHODS Copper radioisotopes activities were calculated by considering proton beam irradiation of the following targets: (i) 70 Zn in the energy range 70-45 MeV; (ii) 68 Zn in the energy range 70-35 MeV; (iii) a combination of 70 Zn (70-55 MeV) and 68 Zn (55-35 MeV). The contribution of each copper radioisotope to the human-absorbed dose was estimated with OLINDA/EXM software using the biokinetic model for CuCl2 published by ICRP 53. The total absorbed dose generated by the 67/64 CuCl2 mixture, obtained through different production routes, was calculated at different times after the end of the bombardment (EOB). A simple spherical model was used to simulate tumors of different sizes containing uniformly distributed 67/64 Cu mixture and to calculate the absorbed dose of self-irradiation. The biological damage produced by 67 Cu and 64 Cu was also evaluated through cellular dosimetry and cell surviving fraction assessment using the MIRDcell code, considering two prostate cancer cell lines with different radiosensitivity. RESULTS The absorbed dose to healthy organs and the effective dose (ED) per unit of administered activity of 67 CuCl2 are higher than those of 64 CuCl2 . Absorbed dose values per unit of administered activity of 67/64 CuCl2 mixture increase with time after the EOB because the amount of 67 Cu in the mixture increases. Survival data showed that the biological damage caused per each decay of 67 Cu is greater than that of 64 Cu, assuming that radionuclides remain accumulated in the cell cytoplasm. Sphere model calculations demonstrated that 64 Cu administered activity must be about five times higher than that of 67 Cu to obtain the same absorbed dose for tumor mass between 0.01 and 10 g and about 10 times higher for very small spheres. Consequently, the 64 CuCl2 -absorbed dose to healthy organs will reach higher values than those of 67 CuCl2 . The supplemental activity of the 67/64 CuCl2 mixture, required to get the same tumor-absorbed dose produced by 67 CuCl2 , triggers a dose increment (DI) in healthy organs. The waiting time post-EOB necessary to keep this DI below 10% (t10% ) depends on the irradiation methods employed for the production of the 67/64 CuCl2 mixture. CONCLUSIONS A mixture of cyclotron produced 67/64 Cu radioisotopes proved to be an alternative solution for the therapeutic use of CuCl2 with minimal DI to healthy organs compared with pure 67 Cu. Irradiation of a 70 Zn+68 Zn target in the 70-35 MeV proton energy range for 185 h appears to be the best option from among all the production routes investigated, as it gives the maximum amount of activity, the shortest t10% (10 h), and less than 1% of 61 Cu and 60 Cu impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Nardo
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of PaduaVia Marzolo 8Padova35131Italy
- INFN‐PadovaNational Institute of Nuclear PhysicsVia Marzolo 8Padova35131Italy
| | - Gaia Pupillo
- INFN‐Legnaro National LaboratoriesNational Institute of Nuclear PhysicsViale dell'Università 2Legnaro35020Italy
| | - Liliana Mou
- INFN‐Legnaro National LaboratoriesNational Institute of Nuclear PhysicsViale dell'Università 2Legnaro35020Italy
| | - Juan Esposito
- INFN‐Legnaro National LaboratoriesNational Institute of Nuclear PhysicsViale dell'Università 2Legnaro35020Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of SurgeryOncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PaduaPadovaItaly
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV‐IRCCSVia Gattamelata 64Padova35138Italy
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12
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Recent Advances in Cancer Imaging with 64CuCl2 PET/CT. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 56:80-85. [PMID: 35464672 PMCID: PMC8976861 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-022-00738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is required for cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Radioactive copper-64 chloride (64CuCl2) is a useful radiotracer for cancer imaging with position emission tomography (PET) based on increased cellular uptake of copper mediated by human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) expressed on cancer cell membrane. Significant progress has been made in research of using 64CuCl2 as a radiotracer for cancer imaging with PET. Radiation dosimetry study in humans demonstrated radiation safety of 64CuCl2. Recently, 64CuCl2 was successfully used for PET imaging of prostate cancer, bladder cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and non-small cell lung carcinoma in humans. Based on the findings from the preclinical research studies, 64CuCl2 PET/CT also holds potential for diagnostic imaging of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), malignant melanoma, and detection of intracranial metastasis of copper-avid tumors based on low physiological background of radioactive copper uptake in the brain. Copper-64 radionuclide emits both β+ and β- particles, suggesting therapeutic potential of 64CuCl2 for radionuclide cancer therapy of copper-avid tumors. Recent progress in production of therapeutic copper-67 radionuclide invites clinical research in use of theranostic pair of 64CuCl2 and 67CuCl2 for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy.
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Ge EJ, Bush AI, Casini A, Cobine PA, Cross JR, DeNicola GM, Dou QP, Franz KJ, Gohil VM, Gupta S, Kaler SG, Lutsenko S, Mittal V, Petris MJ, Polishchuk R, Ralle M, Schilsky ML, Tonks NK, Vahdat LT, Van Aelst L, Xi D, Yuan P, Brady DC, Chang CJ. Connecting copper and cancer: from transition metal signalling to metalloplasia. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:102-113. [PMID: 34764459 PMCID: PMC8810673 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient whose redox properties make it both beneficial and toxic to the cell. Recent progress in studying transition metal signalling has forged new links between researchers of different disciplines that can help translate basic research in the chemistry and biology of copper into clinical therapies and diagnostics to exploit copper-dependent disease vulnerabilities. This concept is particularly relevant in cancer, as tumour growth and metastasis have a heightened requirement for this metal nutrient. Indeed, the traditional view of copper as solely an active site metabolic cofactor has been challenged by emerging evidence that copper is also a dynamic signalling metal and metalloallosteric regulator, such as for copper-dependent phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) in lipolysis, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 in cell growth and proliferation and the kinases ULK1 and ULK2 in autophagy. In this Perspective, we summarize our current understanding of the connection between copper and cancer and explore how challenges in the field could be addressed by using the framework of cuproplasia, which is defined as regulated copper-dependent cell proliferation and is a representative example of a broad range of metalloplasias. Cuproplasia is linked to a diverse array of cellular processes, including mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant defence, redox signalling, kinase signalling, autophagy and protein quality control. Identifying and characterizing new modes of copper-dependent signalling offers translational opportunities that leverage disease vulnerabilities to this metal nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen G Kaler
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neuberger Berman Foundation Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael L Schilsky
- Section of Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dan Xi
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Bolcaen J, Kleynhans J, Nair S, Verhoeven J, Goethals I, Sathekge M, Vandevoorde C, Ebenhan T. A perspective on the radiopharmaceutical requirements for imaging and therapy of glioblastoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:7911-7947. [PMID: 34335972 PMCID: PMC8315062 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinical trials and pre-clinical developments, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains a challenge. The current survival rate of GB averages one year, even with an optimal standard of care. However, the future promises efficient patient-tailored treatments, including targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Advances in radiopharmaceutical development have unlocked the possibility to assess disease at the molecular level allowing individual diagnosis. This leads to the possibility of choosing a tailored, targeted approach for therapeutic modalities. Therapeutic modalities based on radiopharmaceuticals are an exciting development with great potential to promote a personalised approach to medicine. However, an effective targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) for the treatment of GB entails caveats and requisites. This review provides an overview of existing nuclear imaging and TRT strategies for GB. A critical discussion of the optimal characteristics for new GB targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and clinical indications are provided. Considerations for target selection are discussed, i.e. specific presence of the target, expression level and pharmacological access to the target, with particular attention to blood-brain barrier crossing. An overview of the most promising radionuclides is given along with a validation of the relevant radiopharmaceuticals and theranostic agents (based on small molecules, peptides and monoclonal antibodies). Moreover, toxicity issues and safety pharmacology aspects will be presented, both in general and for the brain in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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15
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Shooli H, Nemati R, Ahmadzadehfar H, Aboian M, Jafari E, Jokar N, Nabipour I, Dadgar H, Gholamrezanezhad A, Larvie M, Assadi M. Theranostics in Brain Tumors. PET Clin 2021; 16:397-418. [PMID: 34053584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Theranostic nuclear oncology, mainly in neuro-oncology (neurotheranostics), aims to combine cancer imaging and therapy using the same targeting molecule. This approach tries to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from tumor molecular radionuclide therapy. The ability of radioneurotheranostic agents to interact with cancer cells at the molecular level with high specificity can significantly improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. A variety of biologic targets are under investigation for treating brain tumors. PET-based precision imaging can substantially improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotheranostic approach in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shooli
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem St, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Nemati
- Department of Neurology, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Mariam Aboian
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Esmail Jafari
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem St, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Narges Jokar
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem St, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Habibollah Dadgar
- Cancer Research Center, RAZAVI Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite L1600, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mykol Larvie
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Majid Assadi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem St, Bushehr, Iran.
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Tripathi SK, Kean R, Bongiorno E, Hooper DC, Jin YY, Wickstrom E, McCue PA, Thakur ML. Targeting VPAC1 Receptors for Imaging Glioblastoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:293-302. [PMID: 31292914 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Scintigraphic imaging of malignant glioblastoma (MG) continues to be challenging. We hypothesized that VPAC1 cell surface receptors can be targeted for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of orthotopically implanted MG in a mouse model, using a VPAC1-specific peptide [64Cu]TP3805. PROCEDURES The expression of VPAC1 in mouse GL261 and human U87 glioma cell lines was determined by western blot. The ability of [64Cu]TP3805 to bind to GL261 and U87 cells was studied by cell-binding. Receptor-blocking studies were performed to validate receptor specificity. GL261 tumors were implanted orthotopically in syngeneic T-bet knockout C57BL/6 mouse brain (N = 15) and allowed to grow for 2-3 weeks. Mice were injected i.v., first with ~ 150 μCi of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) then 24 h later with ~ 200 μCi of [64Cu]TP3805. In another set of tumor-bearing mice, (N = 5), ionic [64Cu]Cl2 was injected as a control. Mice were imaged at a 2-h post-injection using an Inveon micro-PET/CT, sacrificed and % ID/g of [64Cu]TP3805 and [64Cu]Cl2 were calculated in a tumor, normal brain, and other tissues. For histologic tissue examination, 3-μm thick sections of the tumors and normal brain were prepared, digital autoradiography (DAR) was performed, and then the sections were H&E stained for histologic examination. RESULTS Western blots showed a strong signal for VPAC1 on both cell lines. [64Cu]TP3805 cell-binding was 87 ± 1.5 %. Receptor-blocking reduced cell-binding to 24.3 ± 1.5 % (P < 0.01). PET imaging revealed remarkable accumulation of [64Cu]TP3805 in GL261 MG with a negligible background in the normal brain, as compared to [18F]FDG. Micro-PET/CT image analyses and tissue distribution showed that the brain tumor uptake for [64Cu]TP3805 was 8.2 ± 1.7 % ID/g and for [64Cu]Cl2 2.1 ± 0.5 % ID/g as compared to 1.0 ± 0.3 % ID/g and 1.4 ± 0.3 % ID/g for normal mouse brains, respectively. The high tumor/normal brain ratio for [64Cu]TP3805 (8.1 ± 1.1) allowed tumors to be visualized unequivocally. Histology and [64Cu]TP3805 DAR differentiated malignant tumors from healthy brain and confirmed PET findings. CONCLUSION Targeting VPAC1 receptors using [64Cu]TP3805 for PET imaging of MG is a promising novel approach and calls for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Tripathi
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rhonda Kean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Bongiorno
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Hooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Eric Wickstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathew L Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Laboratories of Radiopharmaceutical Research and Molecular Imaging, 1020 Locust Street, 359-JAH, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Bolzati C, Duatti A. The emerging value of 64Cu for molecular imaging and therapy. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:329-337. [PMID: 33026210 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Along with other novel metallic radionuclides, copper-64 (64Cu) is currently being investigated as an alternative option to the gallium-68 (68Ga) and lutetium-177 (177Lu) radiopharmaceuticals widely used for targeting somatostatin receptors, expressed by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and recently prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), expressed by prostate cancer cells. This interest is mostly driven by the peculiar nuclear properties of 64Cu that make it an almost ideal example of theranostic radionuclide. In fact, 64Cu emits both low-energy positrons, β- particles and a swarm of Auger electrons. This combination of different emissions may allow to collect high-resolution PET images, but also to use the same radiopharmaceutical for eliciting a therapeutic effect. Another unique behavior of 64Cu originates from the fundamental biological role played in organisms by the ionic forms of the copper element, which is naturally involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell replication. These intrinsic biological characteristics has led to the discovery that 64Cu, under its simplest dicationic form Cu2+, is able to specifically target a variety of cancerous cells and to detect the onset of a metastatic process in its initial stage. This short review reports an outline of the status of 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals and of the most relevant results that are constantly disclosed by preclinical and investigational clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Duatti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
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18
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Carrasco-Hernández J, Ramos-Méndez J, Faddegon B, Jalilian AR, Moranchel M, Ávila-Rodríguez MA. Monte Carlo track-structure for the radionuclide Copper-64: characterization of S-values, nanodosimetry and quantification of direct damage to DNA. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:155005. [PMID: 32303013 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab8aaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TOPAS-nBio was used to simulate, collision-to-collision, the complete trajectories of electrons in water generated during the explicit simulation of 64Cu decay. S-values and direct damage to the DNA were calculated representing the cell (C) and the cell nucleus (N) with concentric spheres of 5 μm and 4 μm in radius, respectively. The considered 'target'←'source' configurations, including the cell surface (Cs) and cytoplasm (Cy), were: C←C, C←Cs, N←N, N←Cy and N←Cs. Ionization cluster size distributions were also calculated in a cylinder immersed in water corresponding to a DNA segment of 10 base-pairs in length (diameter 2.3 nm, length 3.4 nm), modeling a radioactive point source moving from the central axis to the edge of the cylinder. For that, the first moment (M1) and cumulative probability of having a cluster size of 2 or more ionizations in the cylindrical volume (F2) were obtained. Finally, the direct damage to the DNA was estimated by quantifying double-strand breaks (DSBs) using the clustering algorithm DBSCAN. The S-values obtained with TOPAS-nBio for 64Cu were 7.879 × 10-4 ± 5 × 10-7, 4.351 × 10-4 ± 6 × 10-7, 1.442 × 10-3 ± 1 × 10-6, 2.596 × 10-4 ± 8 × 10-7, 1.127 × 10-4 ± 4 × 10-7 Gy Bq-s-1 for the configurations C←C, C←Cs, N←N, N←Cy and N←Cs, respectively. The difference of these values, compared with previously reported S-values for 64Cu with the code MNCP and software MIRDCell, ranged from -4% to -25% for the configurations N←N and N←Cs, respectively. On the other hand, F2 was maximum with the source at the center of the cylinder 0.373 ± 0.001, and monotonically decreased until reaching a value of 0.058 ± 0.001 at 2.3 nm. The same behavior was observed for M1 with values ranging from 2.188 ± 0.004 to 0.242 ± 0.002. Finally, the DBSCAN algorithm showed that the mean number of DNA DSBs per decay were 0.187 ± 0.001, 0.0317 ± 0.0005, and 0.0125 ± 0.0002 DSB-(Bq-s)-1 for the configurations N←N, N←Cs, and N←Cy, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the S-values show that the absorbed dose strongly depends on the distribution of the radionuclide in the cell, the dose being higher when 64Cu is internalized in the cell nucleus, which is reinforced by the nanodosimetric study by the presence of DNA DSBs attributable to the Auger electrons emitted during the decay of 64Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carrasco-Hernández
- Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, México
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Preclinical PET imaging study of lung cancer with 64CuCl 2. Ann Nucl Med 2020; 34:653-662. [PMID: 32567008 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human copper transporter 1 (CTR1) has been proven to be overexpressed in many types of cancer cells, and copper (II)-64 chloride (64CuCl2) has been used as an effective tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in tumor-bearing animal models. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential application of 64CuCl2 in PET imaging of lung cancer through targeting CTR1. METHODS The expression of CTR1 in a series of lung cancer cell lines was identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescent staining. Then in vitro cell uptake assay of 64CuCl2 was investigated in human lung cancer cell lines with different levels of CTR1 expression. Small animal PET imaging and quantitative analysis were performed in human lung cancer tumor-bearing mice after intravenous injection of 64CuCl2, respectively. RESULTS The CTR1 expression in multiple human lung cancer cells was identified and confirmed, and H1299 cell lines with high CTR1 expression, H460 with moderate CTR1, and H1703 with low CTR1 were selected for further experiments. In vitro cellular uptake assay displayed that the 64CuCl2 uptake by these three kinds of cells was positively correlated with their CTR1 expressed levels. The blocking experiments testified the specificity of 64CuCl2 to target CTR1. Moreover, small animal PET imaging and quantitative results showed that 64CuCl2 accumulation in H1299, H460, and H1703 tumor-bearing mice were consistent with CTR1 levels and cell uptake experiments. CONCLUSIONS The expression of CTR1 in human lung cancer xenograft model could be successfully visualized by 64CuCl2 PET examination. With the expected growth of PET/CT examination to be an essential strategy in clinical lung cancer management, 64CuCl2 has the potential to be a promising PET imaging agent of lung cancer.
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Liu T, Karlsen M, Karlberg AM, Redalen KR. Hypoxia imaging and theranostic potential of [ 64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and ionic Cu(II) salts: a review of current evidence and discussion of the retention mechanisms. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:33. [PMID: 32274601 PMCID: PMC7145880 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia (low tissue oxygenation) is an adverse condition of the solid tumor environment, associated with malignant progression, radiotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis. One method to detect tumor hypoxia is by positron emission tomography (PET) with the tracer [64Cu][Cu-diacetyl-bis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone)] ([64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]), as demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, emerging studies suggest using [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] for molecular radiotherapy, mainly due to the release of therapeutic Auger electrons from copper-64, making [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] a “theranostic” agent. However, the radiocopper retention based on a metal-ligand dissociation mechanism under hypoxia has long been controversial. Recent studies using ionic Cu(II) salts as tracers have raised further questions on the original mechanism and proposed a potential role of copper itself in the tracer uptake. We have reviewed the evidence of using the copper radiopharmaceuticals [60/61/62/64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]/ionic copper salts for PET imaging of tumor hypoxia, their possible therapeutic applications, issues related to the metal-ligand dissociation mechanism, and possible explanations of copper trapping based on studies of the copper metabolism under hypoxia. Results We found that hypoxia selectivity of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] has been clearly demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. Preclinical therapeutic studies in mice have also demonstrated promising results, recently reporting significant tumor volume reductions and improved survival in a dose-dependent manner. Cu(II)-[Cu(ATSM)] appears to be accumulated in regions with substantially higher CD133+ expression, a marker for cancer stem cells. This, combined with the reported requirement of copper for activation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), provides a possible explanation for the therapeutic effects of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]. Comparisons between [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and ionic Cu(II) salts have showed similar results in both imaging and therapeutic studies, supporting the argument for the central role of copper itself in the retention mechanism. Conclusions We found promising evidence of using copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals for both PET imaging and treatment of hypoxic tumors. The Cu(II)-[Cu(ATSM)] retention mechanism remains controversial and future mechanistic studies should be focused on understanding the role of copper itself in the hypoxic tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Liu
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Karlsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Maria Karlberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Pérès EA, Toutain J, Paty LP, Divoux D, Ibazizène M, Guillouet S, Barré L, Vidal A, Cherel M, Bourgeois M, Bernaudin M, Valable S. 64Cu-ATSM/ 64Cu-Cl 2 and their relationship to hypoxia in glioblastoma: a preclinical study. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:114. [PMID: 31858290 PMCID: PMC6923301 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone), labeled with 64Cu (64Cu-ATSM) has been suggested as a promising tracer for imaging hypoxia. However, various controversial studies highlighted potential pitfalls that may disable its use as a selective hypoxic marker. They also highlighted that the results may be tumor location dependent. Here, we first analyzed uptake of Cu-ATSM and its less lipophilic counterpart Cu-Cl2 in the tumor over time in an orthotopic glioblastoma model. An in vitro study was also conducted to investigate the hypoxia-dependent copper uptake in tumor cells. We then further performed a comprehensive ex vivo study to compare 64Cu uptake to hypoxic markers, specific cellular reactions, and also transporter expression. Methods μPET was performed 14 days (18F-FMISO), 15 days (64Cu-ATSM and 64Cu-Cl2), and 16 days (64Cu-ATSM and 64Cu-Cl2) after C6 cell inoculation. Thereafter, the brains were withdrawn for further autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. C6 cells were also grown in hypoxic workstation to analyze cellular uptake of Cu complexes in different oxygen levels. Results In vivo results showed that Cu-ASTM and Cu-Cl2 accumulated in hypoxic areas of the tumors. Cu-ATSM also stained, to a lesser extent, non-hypoxic regions, such as regions of astrogliosis, with high expression of copper transporters and in particular DMT-1 and CTR1, and also characterized by the expression of elevated astrogliosis. In vitro results show that 64Cu-ATSM showed an increase in the uptake only in severe hypoxia at 0.5 and 0.2% of oxygen while for 64Cu-Cl2, the cell retention was significantly increased at 5% and 1% of oxygen with no significant rise at lower oxygen percentages. Conclusion In the present study, we show that Cu-complexes undoubtedly accumulate in hypoxic areas of the tumors. This uptake may be the reflection of a direct dependency to a redox metabolism and also a reflection of hypoxic-induced overexpression of transporters. We also show that Cu-ATSM also stained non-hypoxic regions such as astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie A Pérès
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Louis-Paul Paty
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Didier Divoux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Méziane Ibazizène
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Guillouet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Louisa Barré
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | | | - Michel Cherel
- Nantes-Angers Cancer Research Center CRCINA, University of Nantes, INSERM UMR1232, CNRS-ERL6001, Nantes, France.,GIP ARRONAX, Nantes, France.,Nuclear Medicine Department, ICO-René Gauducheau Cancer Center, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Mickaël Bourgeois
- Nantes-Angers Cancer Research Center CRCINA, University of Nantes, INSERM UMR1232, CNRS-ERL6001, Nantes, France.,GIP ARRONAX, Nantes, France.,Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.
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Zhang H, Xie F, Cheng M, Peng F. Novel Meta-iodobenzylguanidine-Based Copper Thiosemicarbazide-1-guanidinomethylbenzyl Anticancer Compounds Targeting Norepinephrine Transporter in Neuroblastoma. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6985-6991. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Zhang
- Carman & Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 735390, United States
| | - Muhua Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P. R. China
| | - Fangyu Peng
- Carman & Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 735390, United States
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Tse J, Geoghegan S. Calculations of dose point kernels of 64 Cu in different media with PENELOPE Monte Carlo code. Med Phys 2019; 46:2422-2429. [PMID: 30822361 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The unique decay properties of copper-64 (64 Cu) has made it a radionuclide of interest in theragnostic applications of nuclear medicine. This study aims to calculate the dose point kernels (DPKs) of 64 Cu in various media with PENELOPE Monte Carlo code. METHODS Monte Carlo simulations were performed using PENELOPE code (version 2014). To calculate DPKs, the simulation comprised an isotropic point radiation source positioned at the origin of a spherical object of radius 50 cm. The absorbed dose along the radial direction outwards from the point source were scored with a resolution of 20 μm. Validations were firstly performed by calculating the DPKs of monoenergetic electrons and photons in water and the results were compared against the literature values. The continuous energy spectra of the beta minus and positron emissions from 64 Cu were numerically modeled and used as inputs to the simulation. DPKs of 64 Cu were calculated in water, soft tissue, lung tissue, and cortical bone, including all emissions types. RESULTS The simulations have been successfully validated against literature values. The largest deviations have been observed with 10 keV monoenergetic electrons with the average and maximum dose difference of -1.01% and -10.56%. The modeled energy spectra closely compared with the average energies from Brookhaven Laboratory National Nuclear Data Centre and the combined spectral shapes from the RAdiation Dose Assessment Resource (RADAR). The DPKs of 64 Cu demonstrated different radial dose deposition in different media owing to the different physical density and effective atomic number. CONCLUSIONS The DPKs of 64 Cu have been calculated with Monte Carlo simulations in four different media. They will be useful to study the dosimetric properties of 64 Cu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals and perform therapeutic dose planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tse
- Medical Physics Department, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Geoghegan
- Department of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Radiobiological Characterization of 64CuCl₂ as a Simple Tool for Prostate Cancer Theranostics. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112944. [PMID: 30423862 PMCID: PMC6278521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
64CuCl2 has recently been proposed as a promising agent for prostate cancer (PCa) theranostics, based on preclinical studies in cellular and animal models, and on the increasing number of human studies documenting its use for PCa diagnosis. Nevertheless, the use of 64CuCl2 raises important radiobiological questions that have yet to be addressed. In this work, using a panel of PCa cell lines in comparison with a non-tumoral prostate cell line, we combined cytogenetic approaches with radiocytotoxicity assays to obtain significant insights into the cellular consequences of exposure to 64CuCl2. PCa cells were found to exhibit increased 64CuCl2 uptake, which could not be attributed to increased expression of the main copper cellular importer, hCtr1, as had been previously suggested. Early DNA damage and genomic instability were also higher in PCa cells, with the tumoral cell lines exhibiting deficient DNA-damage repair upon exposure to 64CuCl2. This was corroborated by the observation that 64CuCl2 was more cytotoxic in PCa cells than in non-tumoral cells. Overall, we showed for the first time that PCa cells had a higher sensitivity to 64CuCl2 than healthy cells, supporting the idea that this compound deserved to be further evaluated as a theranostic agent in PCa.
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25
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Gutfilen B, Souza SA, Valentini G. Copper-64: a real theranostic agent. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3235-3245. [PMID: 30323557 PMCID: PMC6173185 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s170879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing studies of physiological and pathological processes have led to a corresponding need for new radiopharmaceuticals, especially when studies are limited by the absence of a particular radiolabeled target. Thus, the development of new radioactive tracers is highly relevant and can represent a significant contribution to efforts to elucidate important phenomena in biology. Currently, theranostics represents a new frontier in the fields of medicine and nuclear medicine, with the same compound being used for both diagnosis and treatment. In the human body, copper (Cu) is the third most abundant metal and it plays a crucial role in many biological functions. Correspondingly, in various acquired and inherited pathological conditions, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, alterations in Cu levels have been found. Moreover, a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders are associated with higher or lower levels of Cu, as well as inappropriately bound or distributed levels of Cu in the brain. In human cells, the membrane protein, hCtr1, binds Cu in its Cu(I) oxidation state in an energy-dependent manner. Copper-64 (64Cu) is a cyclotron-produced radionuclide that has exhibited physical properties that are complementary for diagnosis and/or therapeutic purposes. To date, very few reports have described the clinical development of 64Cu as a radiotracer for cancer imaging. In this review, we highlight recent insights in our understanding and use of 64CuCl2 as a theranostic agent for various types of tumors. To the best of our knowledge, no adverse effects or clinically observable pharmacological effects have been described for 64CuCl2 in the literature. Thus, 64Cu represents a revolutionary radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography imaging and opens a new era in the theranostic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Gutfilen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas (LMCM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
| | - Sergio Al Souza
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas (LMCM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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Aguilar-Ortíz E, Jalilian AR, Ávila-Rodríguez MA. Porphyrins as ligands for 64copper: background and trends. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1577-1588. [PMID: 30429966 PMCID: PMC6194497 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and 64Cu have emerged as a novel synergic option for applications in PET molecular imaging. Both the characteristics and photophysical properties of macrocyclic porphyrins and the relatively long half-life of the copper isotope, in addition to the increased tumor-specific uptake of porphyrins compared to normal cells, make this complex an attractive option not only for diagnosis but also for therapeutic applications. Herein, we present an overview of the latest results on the development of PET agents based on porphyrins and 64Cu, including methods used to improve the selectivity of these macrocycles when conjugated with biological units such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Aguilar-Ortíz
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón , División de Investigación , Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , 04510 Cd. Mx. , Mexico . ;
| | - Amir R Jalilian
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications , International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) , Vienna , Austria
| | - Miguel A Ávila-Rodríguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón , División de Investigación , Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , 04510 Cd. Mx. , Mexico . ;
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27
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Bartnicka JJ, Blower PJ. Insights into Trace Metal Metabolism in Health and Disease from PET: "PET Metallomics". J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1355-1359. [PMID: 29976696 PMCID: PMC6126445 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.212803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential trace metals such as copper, zinc, iron, and manganese perform critical functions in cellular and physiologic processes including catalytic, regulatory, and signaling roles. Disturbed metal homeostasis is associated with the pathogenesis of diseases such as dementia, cancer, and inherited metabolic abnormalities. Intracellular pathways involving essential metals have been extensively studied but whole-body fluxes and transport between different compartments remain poorly understood. The growing availability of PET scanners and positron-emitting isotopes of key essential metals, particularly 64Cu, 63Zn, and 52Mn, provide new tools with which to study these processes in vivo. This review highlights opportunities that now present themselves, exemplified by studies of copper metabolism that are in the vanguard of a new research front in molecular imaging: "PET metallomics."
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Bartnicka
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Blower
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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28
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The emerging role of copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals as cancer theranostics. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1489-1501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gaitanis A, Kastis GA, Vlastou E, Bouziotis P, Verginis P, Anagnostopoulos CD. Investigation of Image Reconstruction Parameters of the Mediso nanoScan PC Small-Animal PET/CT Scanner for Two Different Positron Emitters Under NEMA NU 4-2008 Standards. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:550-559. [PMID: 27995432 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-1035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Tera-Tomo 3D image reconstruction algorithm (a version of OSEM), provided with the Mediso nanoScan® PC (PET8/2) small-animal positron emission tomograph (PET)/x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner, has various parameter options such as total level of regularization, subsets, and iterations. Also, the acquisition time in PET plays an important role. This study aims to assess the performance of this new small-animal PET/CT scanner for different acquisition times and reconstruction parameters, for 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) and Ga-68, under the NEMA NU 4-2008 standards. PROCEDURES Various image quality metrics were calculated for different realizations of [18F]FDG and Ga-68 filled image quality (IQ) phantoms. RESULTS [18F]FDG imaging produced improved images over Ga-68. The best compromise for the optimization of all image quality factors is achieved for at least 30 min acquisition and image reconstruction with 52 iteration updates combined with a high regularization level. CONCLUSION A high regularization level at 52 iteration updates and 30 min acquisition time were found to optimize most of the figures of merit investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Gaitanis
- PET/CT Department and Small Animal PET/CT Unit, Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece.
| | - George A Kastis
- Research Center of Mathematics, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety (I.N.RA.S.T.E.S.), N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Vlastou
- PET/CT Department and Small Animal PET/CT Unit, Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety (I.N.RA.S.T.E.S.), N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Division of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efessiou Street, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos D Anagnostopoulos
- PET/CT Department and Small Animal PET/CT Unit, Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
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Righi S, Ugolini M, Bottoni G, Puntoni M, Iacozzi M, Paparo F, Cabria M, Ceriani L, Gambaro M, Giovanella L, Piccardo A. Biokinetic and dosimetric aspects of 64CuCl 2 in human prostate cancer: possible theranostic implications. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:18. [PMID: 29492782 PMCID: PMC5833894 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to evaluate the kinetics and dosimetry of 64CuCl2 in human prostate cancer (PCa) lesions. We prospectively evaluated 50 PCa patients with biochemical relapse after surgery or external beam radiation therapy. All patients underwent 64CuCl2-PET/CT to detect PCa recurrence/metastases. Volumes of interest were manually drawn for each 64CuCl2 avid PCa lesion with a diameter > 1 cm on mpMRI in each patient. Time-activity curves for all lesions were obtained. The effective and biological half-life and the standard uptake values (SUVs) were calculated. Tumour/background ratio (TBR) curves as a function of time were considered. Finally, the absorbed dose per lesion was estimated. RESULTS The mean effective half-life of 64CuCl2 calculated in the lymph nodes (10.2 ± 1.7 h) was significantly higher than in local relapses (8.8 ± 1.1 h) and similar to that seen in bone metastases (9.0 ± 0.4 h). The mean 64CuCl2 SUVmax calculated 1 h after tracer injection was significantly higher in the lymph nodes (6.8 ± 4.3) and bone metastases (6.8 ± 2.9) than in local relapses (4.7 ± 2.4). TBR mean curve of 64CuCl2 revealed that the calculated TBRmax value was 5.0, 7.0, and 6.2 in local relapse and lymph node and bone metastases, respectively, and it was achieved about 1 h after 64CuCl2 injection. The mean absorbed dose of the PCa lesions per administrated activity was 6.00E-2 ± 4.74E-2mGy/MBq. Indeed, for an administered activity of 3.7 GBq, the mean dose absorbed by the lesion would be 0.22 Gy. CONCLUSIONS Dosimetry showed that the dose absorbed by PCa recurrences/metastases per administrated activity was low. The dosimetric study performed does not take into account the possible therapeutic effect of the Auger electrons. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate 64Cu internalization in the cell nucleus that seems related to the therapeutic effectiveness reported in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Righi
- Medical Physics Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Ugolini
- Medical Physics Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bottoni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Puntoni
- Clinical Trial Unit, Office of the Scientific Director, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Iacozzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Manlio Cabria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Ceriani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Monica Gambaro
- Medical Physics Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Giovanella
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy.
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Avila-Rodriguez MA, Rios C, Carrasco-Hernandez J, Manrique-Arias JC, Martinez-Hernandez R, García-Pérez FO, Jalilian AR, Martinez-Rodriguez E, Romero-Piña ME, Diaz-Ruiz A. Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [ 64Cu]copper dichloride: first-in-human study in healthy volunteers. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:98. [PMID: 29234903 PMCID: PMC5727003 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, Copper-64 (T1/2 = 12.7 h) in the chemical form of copper dichloride ([64Cu]CuCl2) has been identified as a potential agent for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy targeting the human copper transporter 1, which is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells. Limited human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry data is available for this tracer. The aim of this research was to determine the biodistribution and estimate the radiation dosimetry of [64Cu]CuCl2, using whole-body (WB) PET scans in healthy volunteers. Six healthy volunteers were included in this study (3 women and 3 men, mean age ± SD, 54.3 ± 8.6 years; mean weight ± SD, 77.2 ± 12.4 kg). After intravenous injection of the tracer (4.0 MBq/kg), three consecutive WB emission scans were acquired at 5, 30, and 60 min after injection. Additional scans were acquired at 5, 9, and 24 h post-injection. Low-dose CT scan without contrast was used for anatomic localization and attenuation correction. OLINDA/EXM software was used to calculate human radiation doses using the reference adult model. Results The highest uptake was in the liver, followed by lower and upper large intestine walls, and pancreas, in descending order. Urinary excretion was negligible. The critical organ was liver with a mean absorbed dose of 310 ± 67 μGy/MBq for men and 421 ± 56 μGy/MBq for women, while the mean WB effective doses were 51.2 ± 3.0 and 61.8 ± 5.2 μSv/MBq for men and women, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [64Cu]CuCl2 in healthy volunteers. Measured absorbed doses and effective doses are higher than previously reported doses estimated with biodistribution data from patients with prostate cancer, a difference that could be explained not just due to altered biodistribution in cancer patients compared to healthy volunteers but most likely due to the differences in the analysis technique and assumptions in the dose calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Avila-Rodriguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Cd.Mx, Mexico.
| | - C Rios
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A, Ave. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J Carrasco-Hernandez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Cd.Mx, Mexico
| | - J C Manrique-Arias
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Cd.Mx, Mexico
| | - R Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A, Ave. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - F O García-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080, Cd.Mx, Mexico
| | - A R Jalilian
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - E Martinez-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A, Ave. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M E Romero-Piña
- Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080, Cd.Mx, Mexico
| | - A Diaz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A, Ave. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Zimmerman BE, Bergeron DE, Edgerton JP. Assessing the absolute quantitative accuracy of Positron Emission Tomography for Cu-64 using traceable calibrated phantoms. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 134:68-73. [PMID: 28974328 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using uniform cylindrical phantoms containing calibrated solutions of 18F and 64Cu, we evaluated for the first time the accuracy with which the activity concentration of 64Cu can be quantified on an absolute basis using Positron Emission Tomography (with X-ray Computed Tomography, PET-CT). The scanner was first calibrated for 18F using the manufacturer's calibration protocol and a phantom with an activity concentration value traceable to the U.S. National standard. By using a similarly calibrated 18F solution phantom, we were able to determine a correction factor that can be applied to the 64Cu imaging data that gave a result that is consistent with 100% recovery with a combined standard uncertainty of 2%. We also demonstrate how a calibrated, solid phantom containing 68Ge as a long-lived 18F surrogate can be used to monitor and transfer the correction factor to other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Zimmerman
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462, USA.
| | - D E Bergeron
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462, USA
| | - J P Edgerton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
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Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Dash A. 64Cu2+ Ions as PET Probe: An Emerging Paradigm in Molecular Imaging of Cancer. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3601-3612. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Panichelli P, Villano C, Cistaro A, Bruno A, Barbato F, Piccardo A, Duatti A. Imaging of Brain Tumors with Copper-64 Chloride: Early Experience and Results. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:159-67. [PMID: 27228278 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct the first investigational study that is aimed at evaluating the ability of the simple salt (64)CuCl2 to diagnose cerebral tumors in patients affected by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). METHODS Nineteen patients with a documented history and radiologic evidence of brain tumors were enrolled in the study. Eighteen patients were diagnosed with GBM, and one patient was diagnosed with grade II astrocytoma. After initial cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patients were administered with (64)CuCl2 (13 MBq/kg) and brain positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed at 1, 3, and 24 hours after administration. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated and used to figure out the pharmacokinetic profile of the tracer. Absorbed radiation doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM. RESULTS Copper-64 chloride clearly visualized brain cancerous lesions within 1 hour after injection, with stable retention of radioactivity at 3 and 24 hours. Excellent agreement was found between PET/CT and MRI. No uptake of the tracer was observed in low-grade astrocytoma. The agent cleared rapidly from the blood and was mostly excreted through the liver, without significant kidney washout. Analysis of time variation of SUVmax values showed persistent uptake in malignant tissues with a slight increase of radioactive concentration at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS Copper-64 chloride has favorable biological properties for brain imaging and warrants further investigation as a diagnostic tracer for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelina Cistaro
- 3 Positron Emission Tomography Centre, IRMET , Affidea, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Adriano Duatti
- 7 Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
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Satterlee AB, Huang L. Current and Future Theranostic Applications of the Lipid-Calcium-Phosphate Nanoparticle Platform. Theranostics 2016; 6:918-29. [PMID: 27217828 PMCID: PMC4876619 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last four years, the Lipid-Calcium-Phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle platform has shown success in a wide range of treatment strategies, recently including theranostics. The high specific drug loading of radiometals into LCP, coupled with its ability to efficiently encapsulate many types of cytotoxic agents, allows a broad range of theranostic applications, many of which are yet unexplored. In addition to providing an overview of current medical imaging modalities, this review highlights the current theranostic applications for LCP using SPECT and PET, and discusses potential future uses of the platform by comparing it with both systemically and locally delivered clinical radiotherapy options as well as introducing its applications as an MRI contrast agent. Strengths and weaknesses of LCP and of nanoparticles in general are discussed, as well as caveats regarding the use of fluorescence to determine the accumulation or biodistribution of a probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Satterlee
- 1. Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7571, USA
- 2. UNC and NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Leaf Huang
- 1. Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7571, USA
- 2. UNC and NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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