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Kim CG, Choi JH, Ku SK, Song CH. Immunostimulatory Effects of Korean Mineral-Rich Seawaters on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:234. [PMID: 38921545 PMCID: PMC11204486 DOI: 10.3390/md22060234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep seawater (DS), obtained from a depth over 200 m, has health benefits due to its rich nutrients and minerals, and intake of DS has shown diverse immunomodulatory effects in allergies and cancer. Therefore, the immunostimulatory effects of Korean mineral-rich seawaters were examined in a cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immunosuppression model. Three samples of Korean seawater, namely DS from the East Sea off the coasts of Pohang (PDS) and Uljin (UDS), and seawater from the West Sea off the coast of Boryeong (BS), were collected. The seawaters were abundant in several minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, etc.). Mice were orally administered the seawaters for 42 days, followed by CPA-induced immunosuppression. The CPA induction reduced the weight of the spleen and lymph nodes; however, the administration of seawaters increased the weight of the lymphoid organs, accompanied by stimulation of natural killer cells' activity and NF-kB-mediated cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and IL12). The mouse-derived splenocytes showed lymphoproliferation without cytotoxicity in the seawater groups. Histopathological analysis revealed that the seawaters improved the CPA-induced atrophic changes by promoting lymphoproliferation in the spleen and lymph nodes. These results provide useful information for the use of Korean mineral-rich seawaters, particularly PDS and UDS, as alternative immunostimulants under immunosuppressive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Gon Kim
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; (C.-G.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; (C.-G.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
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Ahn YM, Jung J, Lee SM. Integrated Omics Analysis Uncovers the Culprit behind Exacerbated Atopic Dermatitis in a Diet-Induced Obesity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4143. [PMID: 38673730 PMCID: PMC11050523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is exacerbated by obesity, yet the precise linking mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate how obesity amplifies AD symptoms. We studied skin samples from three mouse groups: sham control, AD, and high-fat (HF) + AD. The HF + AD mice exhibited more severe AD symptoms than the AD or sham control mice. Skin lipidome analysis revealed noteworthy changes in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, including increased expression of pla2g4, a key enzyme in AA generation. Genes for phospholipid transport (Scarb1) and acyltransferase utilizing AA as the acyl donor (Agpat3) were upregulated in HF + AD skin. Associations were observed between AA-containing phospholipids and skin lipids containing AA and its metabolites. Furthermore, imbalanced phospholipid metabolism was identified in the HF + AD mice, marked by excessive activation of the AA and phosphatidic acid (PA)-mediated pathway. This imbalance featured increased expression of Plcb1, Plcg1, and Dgk involved in PA generation, along with a decrease in genes converting PA into diglycerol (DG) and CDP-DG (Lpin1 and cds1). This investigation revealed imbalanced phospholipid metabolism in the skin of HF + AD mice, contributing to the heightened inflammatory response observed in HF + AD, shedding light on potential mechanisms linking obesity to the exacerbation of AD symptoms.
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Acupuncture Inhibits Morphine Induced-Immune Suppress via Antioxidant System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7971801. [PMID: 36317105 PMCID: PMC9617706 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7971801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives A powerful analgesic called Morphine causes addiction behaviors and immune suppression as a potential oxidative stressor. Acupuncture showed to inhibit oxidative stress-induced hepatic damage, regulate reactive oxygen species, and attenuate morphine addiction behaviors. Therefore, we investigated the potential effects of acupuncture on morphine-induced immune suppression. Materials and Methods Rats received morphine intravenously through implanted catheters for 3, 7, or 21 days to determine the optimal condition for morphine-induced immune suppression. Second, we examined whether intravenous (iv.) or intraperitoneal (ip.) administration produced different results. Third, the effects of acupuncture in rats who received morphine for 21 days were investigated. Spleen and submandibular lymph node (S-LN) weights and natural killer (NK) cell activity were measured, and the white pulp diameter, total and cortical spleen thicknesses, and the number of lymphoid follicles in S-LNs were examined. The number of immunoreactive cells was also measured. Results Decreased organ weights and increased atrophic changes were observed as morphine-induced immune suppression. However, dose-dependent increased immune suppression was not observed between 5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg of morphine. And, 3-day withdrawal did not affect. Similar histopathological findings were observed in 5.0 and 10.0 ip. rats when compared to equal dosages of iv., respectively. The morphine induced-immune suppression evidenced by spleen and left S-LN weights, splenic NK cell activities, histopathological findings, and the immunoreactive cell number were normalized by acupuncture. Conclusion These results indicate that acupuncture inhibits morphine-induced immune suppression, maybe via antioxidative action.
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Lee H, Lee TW, Chandrasekharan A, Sung SE, Yim SG, Kim S, Seong KY, Seo MS, Yang SY. Injectable Self-Crosslinkable Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid for Stem Cell Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1613-1622. [PMID: 35245045 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies offer great promise in regenerative medicine to reinstate the normal function of diseased tissue, thereby avoiding the need for replacement. In stem cell therapies, damaged cells are replaced or restored by regulating inflammation and the immune system. However, the low survival rate and local retention of transplanted cells pose a significant challenge. In this study, injectable self-crosslinkable hydrogels using thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) were developed to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating atopic dermatitis (AD)-related inflammatory lesions. The gelation kinetics and mechanical properties of HA-SH hydrogels were easily tuned by varying the concentration of the polymer in the precursor solution before injection. The MSC-laden HA-SH hydrogels exhibited high cell viability (>80%) for 1 week and good in vivo biocompatibility after implantation beneath the mouse skin. Moreover, the MSC-laden HA-SH hydrogel showed increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which can alleviate the immune response. In an AD animal model, a reduction in epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration was achieved by applying a self-crosslinkable HA-SH solution including MSCs. This HA-based injectable hydrogel represents a potential carrier of stem cells, and its strong immunomodulation capabilities can be utilized for treating inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeseon Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Ajeesh Chandrasekharan
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.,Department of Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Yim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Sodam Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Keum-Yong Seong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Department of Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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Hu JR, Jung CJ, Ku SM, Jung DH, Bashir KMI, Ku SK, Choi JS. Anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antitussive properties of Kyeongok-go in ICR mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:321-334. [PMID: 33770452 PMCID: PMC8008926 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1892155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kyeongok-go (KOG) is a traditional mixed herb preparation consisting of Panax ginseng CA Meyer (Araliaceae), Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertner) Liboschitz ex Steudel (Orobanchaceae), and honey. Various pharmacological effects of KOG are reported, but the efficacy on respiratory diseases has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE The anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antitussive properties of KOG were examined using animal models of respiratory diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS KOG (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was orally administered to ICR mice (n = 8) once a day for 11 days. Anti-inflammatory effects of vehicle, xylene, KOG and DEXA (1 mg/kg) were determined by monitoring edoema and redness of treated ears, and measuring the relative and absolute weight of each ear. Expectorant properties of vehicle, KOG and AM (250 mg/kg) were evaluated by observing body surface redness, and the amount of mucous secreted by the trachea. The antitussive potential of vehicle, NH4OH, KOG and TB (50 mg/kg) was evaluated by monitoring changes in the number of coughs (for 6 min). RESULTS KOG (400 mg/kg) treated mice showed 31.29% and 30.72% (p < 0.01) decreases in the relative and absolute weights of each ear relative to xylene control mice, 39.06% increases (p < 0.01) in TLF OD values relative to intact vehicle control mice, and 59.53% decrease (p < 0.01) in coughing compared to NH4OH control mice. Dose-dependent changes were observed in all experimental models. CONCLUSIONS KOG may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various respiratory diseases, particularly those caused by environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ryul Hu
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dae-Hwa Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- German Engineering Research Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
- The Medical Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of in Food Biotechnology, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Alyoussef A. Attenuation of experimentally induced atopic dermatitis in mice by sulforaphane: effect on inflammation and apoptosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:224-232. [PMID: 34651546 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1994076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by progressive skin inflammation. In addition, sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate organosulfur compound from cruciferous vegetables. Sulforaphane was reported to ameliorate inflammatory responses. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of sulforaphane in AD through affecting the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and to evaluate its effect on AD-induced activation of the apoptotic pathway. The method of repeated rubbing of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on shaved dorsal skin and ears of mice was used for induction of AD. After the development of AD, part of the mice was injected with 1 mg/kg sulforaphane, subcutaneously three times weekly. Samples of skin were isolated for assessment of gene and protein expression of 8-hydroxy2'-deoxyguanosine, IgE, NFκB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, Nrf2, and caspase-3. In addition, skin sections from different groups were stained with anti-caspase-3 antibodies. Mice in the AD group were characterized by increased gene and protein expression of 8-hydroxy2'-deoxyguanosine, IgE, NFκB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and caspase-3 associated with reduced expression of Nrf2, IL-4, and IL-10. Treatment of AD mice with sulforaphane significantly reduced the number of scratches, dermatitis score, and ear thickness. In addition, sulforaphane significantly attenuated the gene and protein expressions produced by AD. Therefore, sulforaphane alleviated AD induced in mice through inhibition of oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis. HIGHLIGHTSAtopic dermatitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease.Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate organosulfur compound obtained from cruciferous vegetables.Sulforaphane alleviated AD induced in mice.Sulforaphane inhibits oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alyoussef
- Department of Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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ELITOK B, ULUSOY Y, KİLİC B. Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy of Spa Mud and Bath Applications in the Treatment of Experimentally Induced Psoriasis and Eczema in Rats. BALNEO RESEARCH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2020.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and eczema are most common diseses of human and seen some animals. In this research project, a total of 49 Albino rats, 25 of which were psoriasis and 24 of eczema, were used. The back of all the animals were shaved 3 cm x 2 cm in size, and were deepilated using a 50% barium sulfate solution and deepillation tape. Then, 5% imiquimod was applied to the area for 5-6 days in the rats in psoriasis group, whereas 2%, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene was performed 2 times per day for one week in eczema group animals along with 150 μg of mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae). After diseases formation in both groups, animals were divided into control and study groups, and then treatment period was started. In the rats with psoriasis and eczema, clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and histopathological findings were determined. In the light of the data obtained; it was concluded that a 21-day spa treatment in rats with psoriasis and eczema was very successful and could be considered as an option in the treatment of these diseases or it would increase the success of the treatment when combinated with classical medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent ELITOK
- 1. Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
| | - Yavuz ULUSOY
- 2. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Pathology Laboratory, Ankara/ Turkey
| | - Bahadir KİLİC
- 2. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Pathology Laboratory, Ankara/ Turkey
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Therapeutic Effects of Saline Groundwater Solution Baths on Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8303716. [PMID: 32595740 PMCID: PMC7303733 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8303716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Saline groundwater, collected from the east coast of Korea, has been shown to have protective effects against 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene- (DNCB-) induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in the murine model. Objectives To determine the effects of saline groundwater solution baths as a treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. Methods Twenty-four subjects with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis were instructed to take a bath in saline groundwater solution for 20 minutes per day for two weeks. Evaluations were performed at baseline and week 2, including SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, corneometry, transepidermal water loss, visual analogue scale for pruritus, and collection of adverse events. Results Subjects showed significant improvement with respect to the SCORAD index, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, and pruritus at week 2 when compared with the baseline. Conclusion Baths in saline groundwater solution may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for treating atopic dermatitis.
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Effects of Balneotherapy in Jeju Magma-Seawater on Knee Osteoarthritis Model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6620. [PMID: 32313003 PMCID: PMC7171195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Balneotherapy is a common non-pharmacological treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), however, the efficacy is controversial in knee OA. Jeju magma-seawater (JMS) has high contents of various minerals, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties via an oral route. Thus, we examined the effects of JMS bathing on knee OA and the combination effects with diclofenac sodium as an anti-inflammatory drug. Knee OA was induced by transection of the anterior cruciate ligament and the partial meniscectomy in rat. The rats were administered subcutaneously saline or diclofenac sodium in saline, followed by bathing in thermal distilled water or JMS for 8 weeks. The model represented the characteristic changes of the cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation and synovial inflammation, and the relevant symptoms of the joint swelling and stiffness. However, the JMS bathing reduced the joint thickness and improved the mobility. It also contributed to a well-preserved tissue supported by increases in bone mineral density of the joint and decreases in Mankin scores in the cartilages. The effects involved anti-inflammation, chondroprotection, anti-apoptosis, and chondrogenesis. Overall, the JMS bathing in combination with diclofenac sodium showed a similar trend associated with synergic effects. It suggests that JMS bathing can be promising for a clinical use in knee OA.
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Conjugated linoleic acid attenuates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice through dual inhibition of COX-2/5-LOX and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 81:108379. [PMID: 32330842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), commonly found in beef, lamb and dairy products, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antipruritus effects and to inhibit the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and eicosanoid in laboratory rodents. The chief objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of CLA on atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice and to explore possible mechanisms with CLA treatments. To develop a new therapy for AD, the anti-AD potential of CLA was investigated by inducing AD-like skin lesions in mice using 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. We evaluated dermatitis severity; histopathological changes; serum levels of T helper (Th) cytokines (interferon-γ, interleukin-4); changes in protein expression by western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); and production of the proinflammatory lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4, in the skin lesions. Treatment with CLA ameliorated the development of AD-like clinical symptoms and effectively inhibited epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of mast cells and CD4+ T cells in the AD mouse skin. Total serum immunoglobulin E levels and the expression levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines and lipid mediators in dorsal skin were dramatically suppressed by CLA. Furthermore, CLA down-regulated the expressions of COX-2, 5-LOX, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and TNF-α. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the potential usefulness of CLA as an anti-inflammatory dietary supplement or drug for the prevention and management of AD skin diseases by modulating the COX-2/5-LOX and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Kim JE, Kim YH, Park AY, Lee HJ, Lee JH. Experimental Investigation on the Tissue Response Induced by Face-Lifting Mesh Suspension Thread in Rats. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:645-653. [PMID: 33911664 PMCID: PMC7992597 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.6.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Face-lifting procedures are often performed to hide the effects of aging. Thread-lifting, a minimally invasive technique for the correction of facial aging, has become increasingly popular, and various materials for the procedure have been developed. Objective This study compared tissue responses to two types of threading sutures placed under rat skin: polypropylene (PP) monofilament mesh suspension thread (a novel face-lifting material) and polydioxanone (PDO) barbed thread. Methods Eight rats each were assigned to the PP monofilament mesh suspension, PDO barbed thread, and control groups. Tissue reactions were evaluated 28 days after subcutaneous loading of the materials. Results Significant increases in tensile strength and the mean area occupied by collagen fibers were evident in skin loaded with PDO barbed thread and PP monofilament mesh suspension thread compared to control skin (p<0.05). Compared to sites loaded with PDO barbed thread, those loaded with PP monofilament mesh suspension thread showed a significant increase in the number of collagen fibers and a lower grade of inflammation (p<0.05). Conclusion PP monofilament mesh suspension thread has skin-rejuvenating effects comparable to those of PDO barbed thread, but induces a less severe inflammatory response. This indicates that it is a safe and effective material for use in thread-lifting procedures on aging skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yo Han Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Artinu Plastic Surgery Clinic, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - A Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ho Jung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hu JR, Jung CJ, Ku SM, Jung DH, Ku SK, Choi JS. Antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects of Adenophorae Radix powder in ICR mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111915. [PMID: 31039428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Adenophora triphylla var. japonica is frequently used as an oriental medicinal plant in Korea, China, and Japan for its anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects of AR powder were investigated using animal models to evaluate their potential to treat respiratory disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS AR powder was administered orally to mice once daily for 11 days, at dose levels of 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg. Theobromine (TB), ambroxol (AM) and dexamethasone (DEXA) were used as standard drugs for antitussive effects, expectorant effects and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. Evaluations of antitussive effects were based on changes in body weight, the number of cough responses and the histopathology of the lung and trachea. Expectorant effects were based on changes in the body weight, macroscopic observations of body surface redness, the mucous secretion of the trachea and histopathology of lung (secondary bronchus). Anti-inflammatory effects were based on changes in the body weight, macroscopic observations involving redness and edema of the treated ear, absolute and relative ear weights and histopathology of the treated ears. RESULTS Allergic acute inflammation and coughing induced by exposure to NH4OH and symptoms of xylene-induced contact dermatitis were significantly inhibited by treatment with AR powder in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analyses revealed that AR powder decreased the OD values in trachea lavage fluid, reduced body surface redness, thicknesses of intrapulmonary secondary bronchus mucosa, and the number of PAS-positive mucous producing cells. Overall, AR powder administered at 200 mg/kg displayed superior antitussive and expectorant effects as compared to TB (50 mg/kg), and AM (250 mg/kg). At the highest concentration (400 mg/kg) AR powder displayed only moderately improved anti-inflammatory activities as compared to DEXA (1 mg/kg). CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study suggest that AR powder exerts dose-dependent, favorable antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory activities achieved through modulation of the activity of mast cells and respiratory mucous production. Therefore, AR powder may serve as a therapeutic agent in various respiratory disorders, especially those that occur as a result of environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ryul Hu
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Jong Jung
- Okchundang Inc., 95, Soho-ro, Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44900, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Min Ku
- Okchundang Inc., 95, Soho-ro, Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44900, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hwa Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea; The Medical Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140, Baegyang-daero 700beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan, 46958, Republic of Korea.
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Sung YY, Kim HK. Crocin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms by down Regulation of Th2 Response via Blocking of NF-κB/STAT6 Signaling Pathways in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111625. [PMID: 30400140 PMCID: PMC6266819 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocin, a major constituent of Gardenia jasminoides, is a natural colorant carotenoid compound that has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of crocin on mice with atopic dermatitis induced by Dermatophagoides farinae crude extract, which is a common environmental allergen in house dust that causes atopic dermatitis in humans. Crocin application ameliorated Dermatophagoides farinae crude extract-induced atopic dermatitis symptoms by inhibiting the dermatitis severity score, ear thickness, and serum immunoglobulin E levels in NC/Nga mice. The increases in epidermal thickness and dermal inflammatory cells (eosinophil and mast cells) infiltrations observed on the dorsal back skin of atopic dermatitis control mice were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by topical application of crocin in atopic dermatitis treatment mice. Crocin inhibited the Dermatophagoides farinae crude extract-induced increase of thymus and activation-regulated chemokines, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 on the dorsal skin of mice. Crocin also inhibited Dermatophagoides farinae crude extract-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6. These results show that crocin ameliorates atopic dermatitis symptoms by down regulation of the Th2 cells-mediated immune response via blocking of NF-κB/STAT6 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Young Sung
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Mroginski Weber D, Voss GT, de Oliveira RL, da Fonseca CA, Paltian J, Rodrigues K, Rodrigues Ianiski F, Vaucher R, Luchese C, Antunes Wilhelm E. Topic application of meloxicam-loaded polymeric nanocapsules as a technological alternative for treatment of the atopic dermatitis in mice. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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15
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Rather IA, Bajpai VK, Huh YS, Han YK, Bhat EA, Lim J, Paek WK, Park YH. Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei proBio-65 Extract Ameliorates the Severity of Imiquimod Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in a Mouse Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1021. [PMID: 29867905 PMCID: PMC5968580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol extract (SEL001) isolated from a potent probiotic strain Lactobacillus sakei proBio-65 on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in a mouse model. Histopathological and histomorphometrical changes in the ear and dorsal skin tissues were observed under hematoxylin and eosin stain for general histopathological architectures or Masson's trichrome stain for collagen fibers. The expression profile of psoriasis-associated specific genes was determined using Real-Time PCR analysis. As a result, topical application of IMQ resulted in a significant increase of mean total and epithelial (epidermis) thicknesses, the number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the dermis, and the decrease of dermis collagen fiber occupied regions in the ear tissues of IMQ and IMQ plus vaseline treated groups when compared to the intact control group. A significant increase of epithelial thickness and number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the dermis of dorsal skin tissues were also noticed in IMQ and IMQ plus vaseline treated groups as compared to the intact control group, suggesting classic IMQ-induced hypersensitive psoriasis. IMQ-induced hypersensitive psoriasis related histopathological changes to the ear and dorsal skin tissues were significantly inhibited by the treatment of a standard drug clobetasol and SEL001. Further, mRNA expression analysis indicated a significant increase in gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-19, IL-17A, and IL-23 in IMQ and IMQ plus vaseline treated groups than that of the control. Clobetasol and SEL001 treated groups resulted in a lower gene expression level of IL-19, IL-17A, and IL-23 as compared to IMQ and IMQ plus vaseline treated groups. These results enforce that SEL001 could be a novel treatment for psoriasis and an alternative to other drugs that pose a number of side effects on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Vivek K. Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eijaz A. Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jeongheui Lim
- National Science Museum, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woon K. Paek
- National Science Museum, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ha Park
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Therapeutic and technological potential of 7-chloro-4-phenylselanyl quinoline for the treatment of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Bajgai J, Fadriquela A, Ara J, Begum R, Ahmed MF, Kim CS, Kim SK, Shim KY, Lee KJ. Balneotherapeutic effects of high mineral spring water on the atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:481. [PMID: 29029618 PMCID: PMC5640926 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing allergic inflammatory skin disease that currently affects millions of children and adults worldwide. Drugs used to treat these inflammatory diseases include anti-histamines, corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors but these drugs have their limitations such as adverse effects with their long-term usage. Thus, researcher's interest in several alternative and complementary therapies are continually growing and balneotherapy is one of these approaches. Therefore, we investigate the bathing effect of high concentration mineral spring water (HMW) on redox balance and immune modulation in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis like inflammation in hairless mice. METHODS We induced AD-like inflammation by application of DNCB on the dorsal skin of female skh-1 hairless mice. The mice were treated with 100% pure HMW (PHMW) and 10% diluted HMW (DHMW) through bathing once a day for 4 weeks. Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) was used as positive control (PC) and only DNCB treatment as negative control (NeC) group. The severity of skin lesion inflammation was assessed through clinical scoring and observing scratching behavior. Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by ELISA and multiplex bead array system, and the levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme were also measured. RESULTS We found that HMW significantly decreased the scratching behavior in PHMW and DHMW groups at the 2nd week and in PHMW group at 4th week compared to NeC group. Likewise, serum IgE level was significantly decreased in DHMW group as compared to NeC group. In line, the level of inflammatory cytokines in serum such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly inhibited in PHMW and DHMW groups compared to NeC group. In parallel, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) of serum level was significantly decreased in PHMW treatment groups compared to NeC group. Consistently, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in PHMW group was lower than in NeC group. By contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly enhanced in PHMW than NeC. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study indicates a balneotherapeutic effect of HMW on DNCB-induced AD like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Jesmin Ara
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Md Faruk Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yong Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development (IPAID), Yonsei University, Wonju Campus, Wonju, Gangwon 26493 Republic of Korea
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18
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Kim CG, Lee JE, Jeong DG, Lee YH, Park SI, Lee DG, Han CH, Kang SJ, Song CH, Choi SH, Lee YJ, Ku SK. Bathing effects of east saline groundwater concentrates on allergic (atopic) dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in hairless mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3448-3466. [PMID: 28587425 PMCID: PMC5450751 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, it was evaluated whether east saline groundwater concentration solution (ESGWc) exerted a favorable inhibitory effect on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced allergic/atopic-like dermatitis (AD). AD was induced and boosted by sensitization with DNCB via topical application on the dorsal back skins. Mice with DNCB-induced AD were bathed in 100-, 200- and 400-fold diluted ESGWc. After 6 weeks bathing, changes to body weight, clinical skin severity scores, scratching behavior, serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, submandibular lymph node and spleen weights, splenic cytokine levels, skin cytokine mRNA expressions, antioxidant defense systems and superoxide anion productions were recorded to determine the effects of bathing on the histopathology of dorsal back skin tissues. All DNCB-induced mice demonstrated that the induction of AD through IgE-mediated hypersensitivities, oxidative stresses, activation of MMP and apoptosis of keratinocytes resulted in no significant differences in body weight between the different groups at each time point following initial sensitization. However, markers of DNCB-induced AD were significantly inhibited (P<0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner following bathing in all concentrations of ESGWc. The results obtained in the present study suggest that bathing in ESGWc may have favorable protective effects against DNCB-induced AD due to favorable systemic and local immunomodulatory effects, active cytoprotective anti-apoptotic effects, inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinase activity, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Gon Kim
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Geum Jeong
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Ho Lee
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Han
- Department of Medical History and Literature Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
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Biodegradation and Biocompatibility of Poly L-lactic Acid Implantable Mesh. Int Neurourol J 2017; 21:S48-54. [PMID: 28446016 PMCID: PMC5426431 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1734882.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation and biocompatibility of poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) implantable mesh under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods PLLA mesh was examined for changes in weight and tensile strength. The histology of the tissue around the PLLA implant was also evaluated. Results The weight and tensile strength of the PLLA prosthesis was stable for 180 days. In addition, the surface of the PLLA mesh was not digested under in vitro or in vivo conditions as determined by scanning electron microscope. Histologically, there were no significant changes in the diameters of implanted PLLA mesh and subtype fibers over the course of 180 days. Likewise, there were no significant changes in the number of inflammatory and mast cells after 180 days, nor was there an increase in the percentage of collagen surrounding the PLLA mesh. Conclusions The results indicate that PLLA prostheses have good rigidity and biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro.
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TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cutaneous neurogenic and chronic inflammation: pro-inflammatory response induced by their activation and their sensitization. Protein Cell 2017; 8:644-661. [PMID: 28364279 PMCID: PMC5563280 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) is inflammation that is induced (or enhanced) in the skin by the release of neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings. Clinical manifestations are mainly sensory and vascular disorders such as pruritus and erythema. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and ankyrin 1 (TRPV1 and TRPA1, respectively) are non-selective cation channels known to specifically participate in pain and CNI. Both TRPV1 and TRPA1 are co-expressed in a large subset of sensory nerves, where they integrate numerous noxious stimuli. It is now clear that the expression of both channels also extends far beyond the sensory nerves in the skin, occuring also in keratinocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. In these non-neuronal cells, TRPV1 and TRPA1 also act as nociceptive sensors and potentiate the inflammatory process. This review discusses the role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in the modulation of inflammatory genes that leads to or maintains CNI in sensory neurons and non-neuronal skin cells. In addition, this review provides a summary of current research on the intracellular sensitization pathways of both TRP channels by other endogenous inflammatory mediators that promote the self-maintenance of CNI.
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