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Dominguez-Ortiz J, Álvarez-Gómez RM, Montiel-Manríquez R, Cedro-Tanda A, Alcaraz N, Castro-Hernández C, Bautista-Hinojosa L, Contreras-Espinosa L, Torres-Maldonado L, Fragoso-Ontiveros V, Sánchez-Contreras Y, González-Barrios R, la Fuente-Hernández MAD, Mejía-Aguayo MDLL, Juárez-Figueroa U, Padua-Bracho A, Sosa-León R, Obregon-Serrano G, Vidal-Millán S, Núñez-Martínez PM, Pedroza-Torres A, Nicasio-Arzeta S, Rodríguez A, Luna F, Cisneros-Soberanis F, Frías S, Arriaga-Canon C, Herrera-Montalvo LA. A Molecular Characterization of the Allelic Expression of the BRCA1 Founder Δ9-12 Pathogenic Variant and Its Potential Clinical Relevance in Hereditary Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6773. [PMID: 38928478 PMCID: PMC11204022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome is a genetic condition that increases the risk of breast cancer by 80% and that of ovarian cancer by 40%. The most common pathogenic variants (PVs) causing HBOC occur in the BRCA1 gene, with more than 3850 reported mutations in the gene sequence. The prevalence of specific PVs in BRCA1 has increased across populations due to the effect of founder mutations. Therefore, when a founder mutation is identified, it becomes key to improving cancer risk characterization and effective screening protocols. The only founder mutation described in the Mexican population is the deletion of exons 9 to 12 of BRCA1 (BRCA1Δ9-12), and its description focuses on the gene sequence, but no transcription profiles have been generated for individuals who carry this gene. In this study, we describe the transcription profiles of cancer patients and healthy individuals who were heterozygous for PV BRCA1Δ9-12 by analyzing the differential expression of both alleles compared with the homozygous BRCA1 control group using RT-qPCR, and we describe the isoforms produced by the BRCA1 wild-type and BRCA1Δ9-12 alleles using nanopore long-sequencing. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, our results showed a similar transcript expression of the wild-type allele between the healthy heterozygous group and the homozygous BRCA1 control group. An association between the recurrence and increased expression of both alleles in HBOC patients was also observed. An analysis of the sequences indicated four wild-type isoforms with diagnostic potential for discerning individuals who carry the PV BRCA1Δ9-12 and identifying which of them has developed cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Dominguez-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Rosa M. Álvarez-Gómez
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Rogelio Montiel-Manríquez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
| | - Alberto Cedro-Tanda
- Núcleo B de Innovación en Medicina de Precisión, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Nicolás Alcaraz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
| | - Luis Bautista-Hinojosa
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
| | - Laura Contreras-Espinosa
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
| | - Leda Torres-Maldonado
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C. Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.T.-M.); (U.J.-F.); (A.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Verónica Fragoso-Ontiveros
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Yuliana Sánchez-Contreras
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
| | - Marcela Angélica De la Fuente-Hernández
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - María de la Luz Mejía-Aguayo
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Ulises Juárez-Figueroa
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C. Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.T.-M.); (U.J.-F.); (A.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Alejandra Padua-Bracho
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Rodrigo Sosa-León
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Gabriela Obregon-Serrano
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Silvia Vidal-Millán
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Paulina María Núñez-Martínez
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Abraham Pedroza-Torres
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.M.Á.-G.); (V.F.-O.); (Y.S.-C.); (M.A.D.l.F.-H.); (M.d.l.L.M.-A.); (A.P.-B.); (R.S.-L.); (G.O.-S.); (S.V.-M.); (P.M.N.-M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Sergio Nicasio-Arzeta
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C. Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.T.-M.); (U.J.-F.); (A.R.); (S.F.)
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando Luna
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
| | - Fernanda Cisneros-Soberanis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, ICB, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King’s Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK;
| | - Sara Frías
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C. Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.T.-M.); (U.J.-F.); (A.R.); (S.F.)
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Herrera-Montalvo
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.D.-O.); (R.M.-M.); (C.C.-H.); (L.B.-H.); (L.C.-E.); (R.G.-B.); (F.L.)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
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Yang X, Shang L, Yang L, Sun L, Tuo X, Ma S, Zhao L, Li X, Yang W. A Novel Germline Mutation of BRCA1 and Integrated Analysis With Somatic Mutation in a Chinese Multi-Cancer Family. Oncologist 2024; 29:e837-e842. [PMID: 38159086 PMCID: PMC11144973 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of mutations in the BRCA1 gene (MIM: 113705) is widely recognized as a significant genetic predisposition for ovarian cancer. This study investigated the genomic mutations in a Chinese family with a history of ovarian, breast, and rectal adenocarcinoma. A novel germline mutation (Phe1695Val) in BRCA1 was identified through whole-exome sequencing. Subsequently, we performed whole-genome sequencing to identify somatic mutations and analyze mutational signatures in individuals carrying the novel germline mutation. Our findings revealed a correlation between somatic mutational signatures and the BRCA1 germline mutation in the proband with ovarian cancer, while no such association was observed in the tumor tissue from the patient with breast cancer. Furthermore, distinct somatic driver mutations were identified, a truncated mutation in the TP53 gene in the ovarian tumor tissue, and a hotspot mutation in the PIK3CA gene in the breast cancer. According to our findings, the BRCA1 F1695V mutation is linked to ovarian cancer susceptibility in the family and causes specific somatic mutational profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Shang
- Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Landi Sun
- Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Tuo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Daliri K, Hescheler J, Pfannkuche KP. Prime Editing and DNA Repair System: Balancing Efficiency with Safety. Cells 2024; 13:858. [PMID: 38786078 PMCID: PMC11120019 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prime editing (PE), a recent progression in CRISPR-based technologies, holds promise for precise genome editing without the risks associated with double-strand breaks. It can introduce a wide range of changes, including single-nucleotide variants, insertions, and small deletions. Despite these advancements, there is a need for further optimization to overcome certain limitations to increase efficiency. One such approach to enhance PE efficiency involves the inhibition of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system, specifically MLH1. The rationale behind this approach lies in the MMR system's role in correcting mismatched nucleotides during DNA replication. Inhibiting this repair pathway creates a window of opportunity for the PE machinery to incorporate the desired edits before permanent DNA repair actions. However, as the MMR system plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, it is important to consider the potential risks associated with manipulating this system. The new versions of PE with enhanced efficiency while blocking MLH1 are called PE4 and PE5. Here, we explore the potential risks associated with manipulating the MMR system. We pay special attention to the possible implications for human health, particularly the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Daliri
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Centre for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany (K.P.P.)
- Marga and Walter Boll-Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Centre for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany (K.P.P.)
| | - Kurt Paul Pfannkuche
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Centre for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany (K.P.P.)
- Marga and Walter Boll-Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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de Oliveira Ferreira C, Carneiro VCG, Araujo Mariz C. Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Brazilian women with ovarian cancer treated in the Public Health System. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:499. [PMID: 38641594 PMCID: PMC11027424 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are among the main causes of hereditary ovarian cancer. Identifying these mutations may reduce cancer risk, facilitate early detection, and enable personalized treatment. However, genetic testing is limited in the Brazilian Public Health System, and data regarding germline mutations in many regions are scarce. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the prevalence of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in women with ovarian cancer treated in the Public Health System in Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hereditary Cancer Program from two reference oncological centers in Pernambuco. Women (n = 45) with high-grade serous ovarian cancer underwent genetic counseling and DNA sequencing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. RESULTS The prevalence of deleterious mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was 33%. Of the 15 germline mutations found, 13 were in BRCA1 and 2 in BRCA2; two mutations of unknown clinical significance were also found in BRCA2. Mutations c.5266dupC and c.2215 A > T were the most frequent; each was mutation observed in three patients. Additionally, the mutations c.7645dupT and c.921dupT were reported for the first time. CONCLUSION One in three women showed a pathogenic mutation, demonstrating a significant prevalence of germline mutations in this sample. Additionally, the small sample revealed an interesting number of mutations, indicating the need to explore more regions of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vandré Cabral Gomes Carneiro
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carolline Araujo Mariz
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Medicina de Olinda, Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Rognoni C, Lorusso D, Costa F, Armeni P. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HRD Testing for Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Italy. Adv Ther 2024; 41:1385-1400. [PMID: 38329713 PMCID: PMC10960911 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth most common cancer among women, and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is present in approximately 50% of these patients. For this group, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are more likely to be effective. The aim of the study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of HRD testing versus BRCA testing (which identifies mutations present only in 25% of patients) in Italy to optimize the treatment management, possibly with PARP inhibitors. METHODS A cost-effectiveness partition survival model was developed to estimate the expected costs and outcomes (life years, LYs; quality-adjusted life years, QALYs) with lifetime horizon of HRD testing versus BRCA testing alone in women with high-grade serous or endometrioid advanced ovarian cancer. The option to perform the tests in sequence, that is, the BRCA test followed by the HRD test, in patients with BRCA-negative test was also considered, and the model accounted for the National Healthcare Service (NHS) perspective in Italy. The treatments represented the best available options according to the initial test results and according to PARP inhibitors available in Italy. A 3% discount rate was applied. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model results. RESULTS HRD testing was shown to be a cost-effective strategy compared to BRCA testing (incremental cost-utility ratio 22,610€/QALY) and a cost-saving strategy compared to the sequence of tests. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the HRD test is cost-effective compared to BRCA testing in 98.5% of model simulations considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of 50,000€/QALY. CONCLUSION The identification of genetic anomalies in patients with advanced OC is a costly process. Regardless, HRD upfront testing compared to BRCA testing had a cost-effective profile, allowing the efficient use of healthcare resources and better life expectancy and quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rognoni
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Via Sarfatti 10, 20136, Milan, Italy.
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Costa
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Via Sarfatti 10, 20136, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizio Armeni
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Via Sarfatti 10, 20136, Milan, Italy
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Mahale N, Kumar N, Mahale A, Ullal S, Fernandes M, Prabhu S. Validity of ultrasound with color Doppler to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumours. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2024; 67:227-234. [PMID: 38374696 PMCID: PMC10948212 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of ultrasound and color Doppler and the Accuracy of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group classification in the preoperative evaluation of ovarian neoplasms to assess benign or malignant histopathology in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. METHODS This observational longitudinal prospective analysis of 60 patients was performed over a period of 2 years (2017- 2019). The mean age of the patients was 43.75 years. Ultrasonography of ovarian masses were evaluated, and cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) levels were evaluated. Based on the IOTA classification, the B and M features of adnexal masses were studied. Color Doppler imaging was performed to evaluate the patterns of vascularity and indices. RESULTS Sixty patients with 35 benign, 23 malignant, and two borderline lesions were included in the study. In malignant lesions, 17 women (73.9%) were above the age of 45. The CA-125 cut off was ≥35 internatioal units/mL. Based on the IOTA classification, 27/35 (77.1%) benign cases, were correctly identified as benign, 6/35 (17.1%) benign cases were incorrectly identified as malignant, and two (5.7%) were found to be inconclusive. In the malignant group, 17 of the 23 patients were identified as having malignancy. Color Doppler showed three (18.8%) benign tumors had a pulsatality index (PI) of <0.8 and 21 malignant tumors had a PI of <0.8. Four benign tumors had an resistive index (RI) of <0.6 and 100% of malignant tumors had an RI <0.6. CONCLUSION The IOTA classification is a reliable scoring system for adnexal masses, and color Doppler can help to minimize interobserver variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mahale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal,
India
| | - Neeti Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal,
India
| | - Ajit Mahale
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal,
India
| | - Sonali Ullal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal,
India
| | - Merwyn Fernandes
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal,
India
| | - Sonali Prabhu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal,
India
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Richau CS, Scherer NDM, Matta BP, de Armas EM, de Barros Moreira FC, Bergmann A, Pereira Chaves CB, Boroni M, dos Santos ACE, Moreira MAM. BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 germline and somatic variants and clinicopathological characteristics of Brazilian patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6729. [PMID: 38308422 PMCID: PMC10905552 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 3/4 of ovarian cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages, with the high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) accounting for 90% of the cases. EOC present high genomic instability and somatic loss-of-function variants in genes associated with homologous recombination mutational repair pathway (HR), such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, and in TP53. The identification of germline variants in HR genes in EOC is relevant for treatment of platinum resistant tumors and relapsed tumors with therapies based in synthetic lethality such as PARP inhibitors. Patients with somatic variants in HR genes may also benefit from these therapies. In this work was analyzed the frequency of somatic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 in an EOC cohort of Brazilian patients, estimating the proportion of variants in tumoral tissue and their association with progression-free survival and overall survival. METHODS The study was conducted with paired blood/tumor samples from 56 patients. Germline and tumoral sequences of BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 were obtained by massive parallel sequencing. The HaplotypeCaller method was used for calling germline variants, and somatic variants were called with Mutect2. RESULTS A total of 26 germline variants were found, and seven patients presented germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2. The analysis of tumoral tissue identified 52 somatic variants in 41 patients, being 43 somatic variants affecting or likely affecting protein functionality. Survival analyses showed that tumor staging was associated with overall survival (OS), while the presence of somatic mutation in TP53 was not associated with OS or progression-free survival. CONCLUSION Frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (12.5%) was lower in comparison with other studies. TP53 was the most altered gene in tumors, with 62.5% presenting likely non-functional or non-functional somatic variants, while eight 14.2% presented likely non-functional or non-functional somatic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Palma Matta
- Tumoral Genetics and Virology ProgramInstituto Nacional de CâncerRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Present address:
Hospital BP ‐ A Beneficência Portuguesa de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Anke Bergmann
- Clinical EpidemiologyInstituto Nacional de CâncerRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology LaboratoryInstituto Nacional de CâncerRio de JaneiroBrazil
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8
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Watrowski R, Schuster E, Hofstetter G, Fischer MB, Mahner S, Van Gorp T, Polterauer S, Zeillinger R, Obermayr E. Association of Four Interleukin-8 Polymorphisms (-251 A>T, +781 C>T, +1633 C>T, +2767 A>T) with Ovarian Cancer Risk: Focus on Menopausal Status and Endometriosis-Related Subtypes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:321. [PMID: 38397923 PMCID: PMC10886609 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and carcinogenesis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-8 gene have been shown to alter the risks of lung, gastric, or hepatocellular carcinomas. To date, only one study examined the role of IL-8 SNPs in ovarian cancer (OC), suggesting an association between two IL-8 SNPs and OC risk. In this study, we investigated four common IL-8 SNPs, rs4073 (-251 A>T), rs2227306 (+781 C>T), rs2227543 (+1633 C>T), and rs1126647 (+2767 A>T), using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Our study included a cohort of 413 women of Central European descent, consisting of 200 OC patients and 213 healthy controls. The most common (73.5%) histological type was high-grade serous OC (HGSOC), whereas 28/200 (14%) patients had endometriosis-related (clear cell or endometrioid) OC subtypes (EROC). In postmenopausal women, three of the four investigated SNPs, rs4073 (-251 A>T), rs2227306 (+781 C>T), and rs2227543 (+1633 C>T), were associated with OC risk. Furthermore, we are the first to report a significant relationship between the T allele or TT genotype of SNP rs1126647 (+2767 A>T) and the EROC subtype (p = 0.02 in the co-dominant model). The TT homozygotes were found more than twice as often in EROC compared to other OC subtypes (39% vs. 19%, p = 0.015). None of the examined SNPs appeared to influence OC risk in premenopausal women, nor were they associated with the aggressive HGSOC subtype or the stage of disease at the initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Watrowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helios Hospital Muellheim, Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Heliosweg 1, 79379 Muellheim, Germany;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center-Gynaecologic Cancer Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Eva Schuster
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center-Gynaecologic Cancer Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Gerda Hofstetter
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Toon Van Gorp
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Leuven Cancer Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Polterauer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Robert Zeillinger
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center-Gynaecologic Cancer Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Eva Obermayr
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center-Gynaecologic Cancer Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.S.); (R.Z.)
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9
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Fawzy MS, Ibrahiem AT, Osman DM, Almars AI, Alshammari MS, Almazyad LT, Almatrafi NDA, Almazyad RT, Toraih EA. Angio-Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 (rs3200401) and MIAT (rs1061540) Gene Variants in Ovarian Cancer. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:5. [PMID: 38390896 PMCID: PMC10885055 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The genotyping of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be associated with cancer risk and/or progression. This study aimed to analyze the angiogenesis-related lncRNAs MALAT1 (rs3200401) and MIAT (rs1061540) variants in patients with ovarian cancer (OC) using "Real-Time allelic discrimination polymerase chain reaction" in 182 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of benign, borderline, and primary malignant ovarian tissues. Differences in the genotype frequencies between low-grade ovarian epithelial tumors (benign/borderline) and malignant tumors and between high-grade malignant epithelial tumors and malignant epithelial tumors other than high-grade serous carcinomas were compared. Odds ratios (ORs)/95% confidence intervals were calculated as measures of the association strength. Additionally, associations of the genotypes with the available pathological data were analyzed. The heterozygosity of MALAT1 rs3200401 was the most common genotype (47.8%), followed by C/C (36.3%). Comparing the study groups, no significant differences were observed regarding this variant. In contrast, the malignant epithelial tumors had a higher frequency of the MIAT rs1061540 C/C genotype compared to the low-grade epithelial tumor cohorts (56.7% vs. 37.6, p = 0.031). The same genotype was significantly higher in high-grade serous carcinoma than its counterparts (69.4% vs. 43.8%, p = 0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the age at diagnosis was significantly associated with the risk of OC development. In contrast, the MIAT T/T genotype was associated with a low risk of malignant epithelial tumors under the homozygote comparison model (OR = 0.37 (0.16-0.83), p = 0.017). Also, MIAT T allele carriers were less likely to develop high-grade serous carcinoma under heterozygote (CT vs. CC; OR = 0.33 (0.12-0.88), p = 0.027) and homozygote (TT vs. CC; OR = 0.26 (0.07-0.90), p = 0.034) comparison models. In conclusion, our data provide novel evidence for a potential association between the lncRNA MIAT rs1061540 and the malignant condition of ovarian cancer, suggesting the involvement of such lncRNAs in OC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Medical Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf T Ibrahiem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Mohammad Osman
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany I Almars
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Renad Tariq Almazyad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Loizzi V, Mongelli M, Arezzo F, Romagno I, Cazzato G, Popescu O, Legge F, Trerotoli P, Silvestris E, Kardhashi A, Cormio G. BRCA Mutation Patients: Are There Other Predisposing Factors for Ovarian Cancer Occurrence? A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2024; 89:87-94. [PMID: 38246147 DOI: 10.1159/000535012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this multicenter retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association of clinical variables and the incidence of ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA 1-2 mutation carriers who underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). DESIGN Patients with a pathogenic mutation of BRCA 1-2 genes and with no evidence of disease are considered eligible. The exclusion criterion was the refusal to undergo the surgery. The retrospective study included all RRSO performed from May 2015 to April 2022 in the three gynecological Institutions of Southern Italy for were included in this retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Age, menarche age, BMI, menopause at time of RRSO, breast cancer first- and second-degree relatives, ovarian cancer first- and second-degree relatives, estroprogestin use, pregnancy normal full-term delivery, history of endometriosis, previous breast cancer and histologic type, previous abdominal/pelvic surgery, BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 status, preoperative serum CA-125 levels (IU/mL), age at time of RRSO and histological analysis were collected. RESULTS 184 were recruited. One was excluded. To assess cancer risk, the outcome variable was classified into three classes: no event, cancer, and other conditions excluding cancer. 14 women presented ovarian cancer and tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) on histopathologic final report. Ovarian cancer was found in 8 patients, whereas the presence of STIC was found in 6 of them. LIMITATIONS The low incidence of patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer or STIC compared with the total number of patients undergoing RRSO is a potential bias. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not demonstrate a correlation between clinical features and the occurrence of precancerous or cancerous lesions in BRCA mutation carrier patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Loizzi
- S.S.D. Ginecologia Oncologica Clinicizzata, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Traslazionale e Neuroscienze (DiBraiN), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Mongelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Arezzo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Romagno
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ondina Popescu
- S.C. Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Legge
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, General Regional Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva Delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Medical Statistic and Biometry Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- S.S.D. Ginecologia Oncologica Clinicizzata, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Anila Kardhashi
- S.S.D. Ginecologia Oncologica Clinicizzata, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- S.S.D. Ginecologia Oncologica Clinicizzata, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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11
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Luo Y, Pan R, Rao H, Chen X, Yang H. Association Between Germline BRCA1/2 Gene Variants and Clinicopathological Features of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:75-84. [PMID: 38226182 PMCID: PMC10789571 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s445660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between BRCA1/2 gene mutation and clinicopathological features in ovarian cancer patients, so as to develop precise individualized treatment plan for patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2018 and July 2023 who underwent BRCA1/2 genetic testing were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics (age, body mass index (BMI), family history of ovarian cancer, pregnancy history, menopause status, tumor size, histopathology, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, and ascites) of non-carriers and BRCA1/2 variant carriers were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between BRCA1/2 variants and clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian cancer. Results A total of 284 ovarian cancer patients were collected, and the subjects were divided into two groups, 197 non-carriers and 87 BRCA1/2 variants carriers. The proportion of serous ovarian carcinoma in BRCA1/2 variant carriers is higher than that in non-BRCA variant carriers (78.2% vs 60.9%, p=0.015). There were 51 patients with BRCA pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant, 22 patients with BRCA likely benign variant, and 14 patients with BRCA variants of uncertain significance (VUS). The proportion of serous ovarian carcinoma in patients with BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant is higher than that in patients with BRCA likely benign variant and BRCA VUS (94.1% vs 50.0% and 64.3%. p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in BMI, family history of ovarian cancer, pregnancy history, menopause status, maximum diameter of the tumor lesion, FIGO stage, and ascites among patients with different grades of variants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serous ovarian carcinoma was related to BRCA mutation (Serous carcinoma vs non-serous carcinoma: OR 2.145, 95% CI: 1.044-4.407) (p=0.038). Conclusion Patients with BRCA1 variant develop ovarian cancer at a younger age than those with the BRCA2 variant. The proportion of FIGO stage III-IV in patients with BRCA pathogenic + likely pathogenic variant was significantly higher than those in patients with other variants. Germline BRCA1/2 variants were most frequently identified in serous ovarian carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Pan
- Department of Gynaecology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Rao
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Data Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haikun Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Mathur P, Bhatt S, Kumar S, Kamboj S, Kamboj R, Rana A, Kumar H, Verma R. Deciphering the Therapeutic Applications of Nanomedicine in Ovarian Cancer Therapy: An Overview. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1180-1196. [PMID: 37818568 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018253815230922070558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The majority of deadly cancers that afflict the female reproductive system occur in the ovary. Around 1,40,000 women worldwide die from ovarian cancer each year, making it the sixth most common cancer-associated deceases among females in the United States. Modern, cutting-edge treatments like chemotherapy and surgery frequently produce full remissions, but the recurrence rate is still very high. When this crippling condition is diagnosed, there are frequently few therapeutic choices available because of how quietly it manifests. Healthcare practitioners must have a fundamental grasp of the warning signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer, as well as the imaging techniques and treatment choices available, to give the patient the best care possible. The discipline of medical nanotechnology has gained a lot of momentum in recent years in resolving issues and enhancing the detection and treatment of different illnesses, including cancer. This article gives a brief summary of types, risk factors and approaches to ovarian cancer treatment. We subsequently discussed the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer with the risk factors. This review also emphasizes the various signalling pathways involved in ovarian cancer. Our comprehensive integration of recent findings in fundamental research in the nano arena reveals the strong interest in these nanomedicines in ovarian cancer treatment. However, these nanomedicines still require more research, as indicated by the comparatively small number of clinical trials ongoing. This article will provide a reference for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mathur
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Shailendra Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Sweta Kamboj
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Kamboj
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Arpana Rana
- Advanced Institute of Pharmacy, Delhi Mathura Road, Palwal-121105, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani-127021, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani-127021, India
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13
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Horackova K, Janatova M, Kleiblova P, Kleibl Z, Soukupova J. Early-Onset Ovarian Cancer <30 Years: What Do We Know about Its Genetic Predisposition? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17020. [PMID: 38069345 PMCID: PMC10707471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced epithelial OC in their late 60s, and early-onset adult OC diagnosed ≤30 years is rare, accounting for less than 5% of all OC cases. The most significant risk factor for OC development are germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (GPVs) in OC predisposition genes (including BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, RAD51C, RAD51D, Lynch syndrome genes, or BRIP1), which contribute to the development of over 20% of all OC cases. GPVs in BRCA1/BRCA2 are the most prevalent. The presence of a GPV directs tailored cancer risk-reducing strategies for OC patients and their relatives. Identification of OC patients with GPVs can also have therapeutic consequences. Despite the general assumption that early cancer onset indicates higher involvement of hereditary cancer predisposition, the presence of GPVs in early-onset OC is rare (<10% of patients), and their heritability is uncertain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genetic predisposition to early-onset OC, with a special focus on epithelial OC, and suggests other alternative genetic factors (digenic, oligogenic, polygenic heritability, genetic mosaicism, imprinting, etc.) that may influence the development of early-onset OC in adult women lacking GPVs in known OC predisposition genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Horackova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
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14
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Maioru OV, Radoi VE, Coman MC, Hotinceanu IA, Dan A, Eftenoiu AE, Burtavel LM, Bohiltea LC, Severin EM. Developments in Genetics: Better Management of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15987. [PMID: 37958970 PMCID: PMC10647767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to highlight the new advancements in molecular and diagnostic genetic testing and to properly classify all ovarian cancers. In this article, we address statistics, histopathological classification, molecular pathways implicated in ovarian cancer, genetic screening panels, details about the genes, and also candidate genes. We hope to bring new information to the medical field so as to better prevent and diagnose ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu-Virgil Maioru
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Viorica-Elena Radoi
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
- “Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 20382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalin-Codrut Coman
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Iulian-Andrei Hotinceanu
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Andra Dan
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Anca-Elena Eftenoiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Livia-Mălina Burtavel
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Laurentiu-Camil Bohiltea
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
- “Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 20382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia-Maria Severin
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.-V.M.); (M.-C.C.); (A.D.); (A.-E.E.); (L.-M.B.); (L.-C.B.); (E.-M.S.)
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15
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Linck J, Torres W. Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma arising from endometrioid adenofibroma in a patient with in-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: A case report. Case Rep Womens Health 2023; 39:e00531. [PMID: 37560022 PMCID: PMC10407593 DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2023.e00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas are newly classified rare neoplasms of the upper genital tract. They share identical features with mesonephric adenocarcinomas, with the exception of location. There is ongoing discussion on whether mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas arise from mesonephric remnants or are of Müllerian origin. A 65-year-old woman (G2P1) presented with pelvic pain. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed multiple fibroids, and a robotic total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was planned. Intraoperatively, a complex mass with cystic and solid components was found on the left ovary, which also adhered to the rectosigmoid colon. Pathologic reports documented mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma that appeared to be arising in association with an endometrioid adenofibroma. This case is notable due to the patient's unique background of in-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) and multiple gynecological malignancies within her mother, as well as the associated endometrioid adenofibroma. This case contributes evidence to two seemingly opposing theories of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma histogenesis: the mesonephric remnant theory (supported by the patient's DES exposure), and the Müllerian theory (supported by the associated endometrioid adenofibroma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Linck
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3400 Gulf to Bay Blvd, Clearwater, FL 33759, USA
| | - Wanda Torres
- Suncoast Women's Care, 2044 Trinity Oaks Blvd #125, Trinity, FL 34655, USA
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16
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Lekshmy M, Dhanya CR, Smrithi JS, Sindhurani JA, Vandanamthadathil JJ, Veettil JT, Anila L, Lathakumari VS, Nayar AM, Madhavan M. Peptide Vaccines as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agents for Female-Specific Cancers: The Current Landscape. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1054. [PMID: 37513965 PMCID: PMC10383774 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and gynecologic cancers are significant global threats to women's health and those living with the disease require lifelong physical, financial, and social support from their families, healthcare providers, and society as a whole. Cancer vaccines offer a promising means of inducing long-lasting immune response against the disease. Among various types of cancer vaccines available, peptide vaccines offer an effective strategy to elicit specific anti-tumor immune responses. Peptide vaccines have been developed based on tumor associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor specific neoantigens which can also be of viral origin. Molecular alterations in HER2 and non-HER2 genes are established to be involved in the pathogenesis of female-specific cancers and hence were exploited for the development of peptide vaccines against these diseases, most of which are in the latter stages of clinical trials. However, prophylactic vaccines for viral induced cancers, especially those against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection are well established. This review discusses therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for various types of female-specific cancers such as breast cancer and gynecologic cancers with special emphasis on peptide vaccines. We also present a pipeline for the design and evaluation of a multiepitope peptide vaccine that can be active against female-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Lekshmy
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram 695586, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leelamma Anila
- Department of Biochemistry, NSS College, Nilamel, Kollam 691535, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnu Sasidharan Lathakumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Industrial Microbiology, Sree Narayana College for Women, Kollam 691001, Kerala, India
| | - Adhira M Nayar
- Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram 695004, Kerala, India
| | - Maya Madhavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
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17
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Zeng J, Alvarez-Yela AC, Casarez E, Jiang Y, Wang L, Kelly BE, Jenkins T, Ke E, Atkins KA, Janes KA, Slack-Davis JK, Zong H. Dichotomous ovarian cancer-initiating potential of Pax8+ cells revealed by a mouse genetic mosaic model. iScience 2023; 26:106742. [PMID: 37207276 PMCID: PMC10189502 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cellular compartments within a tissue present distinct cancer-initiating capacities. Current approaches to dissect such heterogeneity require cell-type-specific genetic tools based on a well-understood lineage hierarchy, which are lacking for many tissues. Here, we circumvented this hurdle and revealed the dichotomous capacity of fallopian tube Pax8+ cells in initiating ovarian cancer, utilizing a mouse genetic system that stochastically generates rare GFP-labeled mutant cells. Through clonal analysis and spatial profiling, we determined that only clones founded by rare, stem/progenitor-like Pax8+ cells can expand on acquiring oncogenic mutations whereas vast majority of clones stall immediately. Furthermore, expanded mutant clones undergo further attrition: many turn quiescent shortly after the initial expansion, whereas others sustain proliferation and manifest a bias toward Pax8+ fate, underlying early pathogenesis. Our study showcases the power of genetic mosaic system-based clonal analysis for revealing cellular heterogeneity of cancer-initiating capacity in tissues with limited prior knowledge of lineage hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Eli Casarez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brianna E. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Taylor Jenkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Eugene Ke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kristen A. Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Kevin A. Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jill K. Slack-Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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18
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Gizaw M, Parkin DM, Stöter O, Korir A, Kamate B, Liu B, Bojang L, N'Da G, Manraj SS, Bukirwa P, Chokunonga E, Chingonzoh T, Peko JF, Finesse A, Somdyala N, Ladipo A, Kantelhardt EJ. Trends in the incidence of ovarian cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1328-1336. [PMID: 36274630 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the commonest cancers of women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), although to date no data have been available on time trends in incidence to better understand the disease pattern in the region. We estimate time trends by histological subtype from 12 population-based cancer registries in 11 countries: Kenya (Nairobi), Mauritius, Seychelles, Uganda (Kampala), Congo (Brazzaville), Zimbabwe (Bulawayo and Harare), Cote d'Ivoire (Abidjan), The Gambia, Mali (Bamako), Nigeria (Ibadan) and South Africa (Eastern Cape). The selected registries were those that could provide consistent estimates of the incidence of ovarian cancer and with quality assessment for periods of 10 or more years. A total of 5423 cases of OC were included. Incidence rates have been increasing in all registries except Brazzaville, Congo, where a nonsignificant decline of 1% per year was seen. Statistically significant average annual increases were seen in Mauritius (2.5%), Bamako (5.3%), Ibadan (3.9%) and Eastern Cape (8%). Epithelial ovarian cancer was responsible for the increases observed in all registries. Statistically significant average annual percentage changes (AAPC) for epithelial OC were present in Bamako (AAPC = 5.9%), Ibadan (AAPC = 4.7%) and Eastern Cape (AAPC = 11.0%). Creating awareness among professionals of the growing importance of the disease is surely an important step to improving availability of, and access to, diagnosis and treatment of OC in SSA. Support must be given to the cancer registries to improve the availability of good-quality data on this important cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Gizaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Global Health Working Group, Halle, Germany
| | - Donald Maxwell Parkin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Surveillance Unit, Lyon, France
| | - Ole Stöter
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Global Health Working Group, Halle, Germany
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Korir
- Nairobi Cancer Registry, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Biying Liu
- African Cancer Registry Network, Oxford, UK
| | - Lamin Bojang
- Gambia National Cancer Registry Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Guy N'Da
- Abidjan Cancer Registry, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Shyam S Manraj
- Mauritius National Cancer Registry, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | - Phiona Bukirwa
- Kampala Cancer Registry and Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Anne Finesse
- Seychelles National Cancer Registry, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Nontuthuzelo Somdyala
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Eastern Cape Cancer Registry, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Akinade Ladipo
- Ibadan Cancer Registry, Department of Pathology University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Global Health Working Group, Halle, Germany
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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19
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Cabarcas-Petroski S, Olshefsky G, Schramm L. BDP1 as a biomarker in serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6401-6418. [PMID: 36305848 PMCID: PMC10028122 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TFIIIB, an RNA polymerase III specific transcription factor has been found to be deregulated in human cancers with much of the research focused on the TBP, BRF1, and BRF2 subunits. To date, the TFIIIB specific subunit BDP1 has not been investigated in ovarian cancer but has previously been shown to be deregulated in neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. RESULTS Using in silico analysis of clinically derived platforms, we report a decreased BDP1 expression as a result of deletion in serous ovarian cancer and a correlation with higher and advanced ovarian stages. Further analysis in the context of TP53 mutations, a major contributor to ovarian tumorigenesis, suggests that high BDP1 expression is unfavorable for overall survival and high BDP1 expression occurs in stages 2, 3 and 4 serous ovarian cancer. Additionally, high BDP1 expression is disadvantageous and unfavorable for progression-free survival. Lastly, BDP1 expression significantly decreased in patients treated with first-line chemotherapy, platin and taxane, at twelve-month relapse-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with a ROC analysis, the data suggest BDP1 could be of clinical relevance as a predictive biomarker in serous ovarian cancer. Lastly, this study further demonstrates that both the over- and under expression of BDP1 warrants further investigation and suggests BDP1 may exhibit dual function in the context of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Schramm
- Biology Department, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
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20
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Hereditary Women's Cancer: Management and Risk-Reducing Surgery. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020300. [PMID: 36837501 PMCID: PMC9967188 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary women's syndromes due to inherited mutations result in an elevated risk of developing gynecological cancers over the lifetime of affected carriers. The BRCA 1 and 2 mutations, Lynch syndrome (LS), and mutations in rare hereditary syndromes increase this risk and require more effective management of these patients based on surveillance and prophylactic surgery. Patients need counseling regarding risk-reducing surgery (RRS) and the time required to perform it, considering the adverse effects of premenopausal surgery and the hormonal effect on quality of life, bone density, sexual activity, and cardiological and vascular diseases. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is the gold standard for BRCA-mutated patients. An open question is that of endometrial cancer (EC) risk in patients with BRCA1/2 mutation to justify prophylactic hysterectomy during RRSO surgical procedures. RRS provides a 90-95% risk reduction for ovarian and breast cancer in women who are mutation carriers, but the role of prophylactic hysterectomy is underinvestigated in this setting of patients. In this review, we evaluate the management of the most common hereditary syndromes and the benefits of risk-reducing surgery, particularly exploring the role of prophylactic hysterectomy.
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21
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Ovejero-Sánchez M, González-Sarmiento R, Herrero AB. DNA Damage Response Alterations in Ovarian Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:448. [PMID: 36672401 PMCID: PMC9856346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR), a set of signaling pathways for DNA damage detection and repair, maintains genomic stability when cells are exposed to endogenous or exogenous DNA-damaging agents. Alterations in these pathways are strongly associated with cancer development, including ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. In OC, failures in the DDR have been related not only to the onset but also to progression and chemoresistance. It is known that approximately half of the most frequent subtype, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), exhibit defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR), and current evidence indicates that probably all HGSCs harbor a defect in at least one DDR pathway. These defects are not restricted to HGSCs; mutations in ARID1A, which are present in 30% of endometrioid OCs and 50% of clear cell (CC) carcinomas, have also been found to confer deficiencies in DNA repair. Moreover, DDR alterations have been described in a variable percentage of the different OC subtypes. Here, we overview the main DNA repair pathways involved in the maintenance of genome stability and their deregulation in OC. We also recapitulate the preclinical and clinical data supporting the potential of targeting the DDR to fight the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ovejero-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Herrero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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22
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Kim ET, Jeong HE, Yoon HJ, Kim KH, Suh DS. Validation of multi-gene panel next-generation sequencing for the detection of BRCA mutation in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded epithelial ovarian cancer tissues. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:66-70. [PMID: 36720553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The therapeutic effect of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with somatic BRCA mutations is consistent with that observed in patients with germline BRCA mutations, indicating the importance of detecting both germline and somatic BRCA mutations concurrently. We compared the efficacy of multi-gene panel next generation sequencing (NGS) in EOC patients' formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue to that of conventional Sanger sequencing in blood samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 48 patients with EOC, and both blood Sanger sequencing and FFPE tissue NGS were conducted in all of them. Clinical and pathological data were reviewed, including age at diagnosis, histology, and stage. Blood Sanger sequencing was performed using peripheral blood leukocytes. The target regions of 90 cancer-related genes were identified using FFPE tissue. RESULTS The median age of patients was 56.1 years, with serous carcinoma (n = 40, 83.3%) and stage III (n = 37, 77.1%) being the most common histology and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, respectively. FFPE tissue NGS identified ten pathogenic variants, including all eight pathogenic variants identified by blood Sanger sequencing and two additional pathogenic variants. Furthermore, FFPE tissue NGS identified 19 variants of uncertain significance (VUS), including all ten VUS identified by blood Sanger sequencing and nine additional VUS. CONCLUSION The FFPE tissue multi-gene panel NGS had 100% sensitivity for detecting BRCA germline mutations and could detect additional somatic mutations. Furthermore, performing FFPE tissue multi-gene panel NGS followed by blood Sanger sequencing sequentially may help differentiate germline from somatic BRCA mutations for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Taeg Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ha Eun Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
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23
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Chu DT, Vu Ngoc Suong M, Vu Thi H, Vu TD, Nguyen MH, Singh V. The expression and mutation of BRCA1/2 genes in ovarian cancer: a global systematic study. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:53-61. [PMID: 36634123 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2168190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review was designed to summarize the findings on expression and mutation of BRCA1/2 genes in ovarian cancer (OC) patients, focusing on mutation detection technology and taking clinical decisions for better treatment. AREAS COVERED We conducted a systematic review by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses document selection guidelines for the document selection process and the PICOT standard for developing the keywords to search for. A total of 5729 publications were included, and 50 articles were put into the final screening. The results showed that Next-Generation Sequencing was a breakthrough technology in detecting Breast Cancer 1/2 (BRCA1/2) gene mutations because of its efficacy and affordability. Other technologies are also being applied now for mutation detection. The most prominent associations of BRCA1/2 gene mutations were age, heredity, and family history. Furthermore, mutations of BRCA1/2 could improve survival rate and overall survival. There is no sufficient study available to conclude a systematic analysis for the expression of BRCA1/2 gene in OC. EXPERT OPINION Research will continue to develop more diagnostic techniques based on the expression and mutation of BCRA1/2 genes for OC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Vu Ngoc Suong
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hue Vu Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Duong Vu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh-Hung Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Mehsana, India
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24
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Nanotechnology-Based Nucleic Acid Vaccines for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Pharm Res 2023; 40:123-144. [PMID: 36376606 PMCID: PMC9663189 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer vaccines represent a promising approach for effective treatment of cancer and along with recent advantages of nucleic acid-based vaccines for other diseases form a prospective and potentially efficacious direction of the research, development and clinical applications. Despite the ongoing several clinical trials of mRNA vaccines for the treatment of various types of cancer, to-date no cancer vaccines were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The present review analyzes and summarizes major approaches for treating of different forms of ovarian cancer including mRNA-based vaccines as well as nanotechnology-based approaches for their delivery.
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25
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Mass spectrometry imaging in gynecological cancers: the best is yet to come. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:414. [PMID: 36536419 PMCID: PMC9764543 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables obtaining multidimensional results simultaneously in a single run, including regiospecificity and m/z values corresponding with specific proteins, peptides, lipids, etc. The knowledge obtained in this way allows for a multifaceted analysis of the studied issue, e.g., the specificity of the neoplastic process and the search for new therapeutic targets. Despite the enormous possibilities, this relatively new technique in many aspects still requires the development or standardization of analytical protocols (from collecting biological material, through sample preparation, analysis, and data collection, to data processing). The introduction of standardized protocols for MSI studies, with its current potential to extend diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, can revolutionize clinical pathology. As far as identifying ovarian cancer subtypes can be challenging, especially in poorly differentiated tumors, developing MSI-based algorithms may enhance determining prognosis and tumor staging without the need for extensive surgery and optimize the choice of subsequent therapy. MSI might bring new solutions in predicting response to treatment in patients with endometrial cancer. Therefore, MSI may help to revolutionize the future of gynecological oncology in terms of diagnostics, treatment, and predicting the response to therapy. This review will encompass several aspects, e.g., contemporary discoveries in gynecological cancer research utilizing MSI, indicates current challenges, and future perspectives on MSI.
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Clinical Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing Multi-Gene Panel Highlighting the Landscape of Germline Alterations in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415789. [PMID: 36555431 PMCID: PMC9779064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most frequently mutated genes in ovarian cancer (OC) crucial both for the identification of cancer predisposition and therapeutic choices. However, germline variants in other genes could be involved in OC susceptibility. We characterized OC patients to detect mutations in genes other than BRCA1/2 that could be associated with a high risk of developing OC and permit patients to enter the most appropriate treatment and surveillance program. Next-generation sequencing analysis with a 94-gene panel was performed on germline DNA of 219 OC patients. We identified 34 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and 38 in other 21 genes. The patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the non-BRCA1/2 genes mainly developed OC alone compared to the other groups that also developed breast cancer or other tumors (p = 0.001). Clinical correlation analysis showed that the low-risk patients were significantly associated with platinum sensitivity (p < 0.001). Regarding PARP inhibitors (PARPi) response, the patients with pathogenic mutations in the non-BRCA1/2 genes had worse PFS and OS. Moreover, a statistically significantly worse PFS was found for every increase of one thousand platelets before PARPi treatment. To conclude, knowledge about molecular alterations in genes beyond BRCA1/2 in OC could allow for more personalized diagnostic, predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for OC patients.
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Kicman A, Niczyporuk M, Kulesza M, Motyka J, Ławicki S. Utility of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Diagnosis, Monitoring and Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:3359-3382. [PMID: 36474934 PMCID: PMC9719685 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s385658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. It is characterized by a high mortality rate, which is mainly due to the asymptomatic course of the disease. In light of the high mortality rate and increasing morbidity, new diagnostic methods are being explored to enable earlier detection, better monitoring, and improved prognosis. Such diagnostic methods include the assessment of tumor markers in various biological samples. Among the markers currently being investigated, extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are of particular interest. The objective of this article was to compile the existing knowledge of MMPs in ovarian cancer patients and to describe their potential diagnostic utility. Additionally, this article provides an overview of the symptoms, complications, and risk factors associated with ovarian cancer and the role of MMPs in physiology and pathology. Preliminary results indicate that tissue expression and blood and body fluid levels of MMPs may be different in ovarian cancer patients than in healthy women. The expression and concentration of individual MMPs have been shown to be correlated with cancer stage and disease severity. In addition, the preliminary value of some of these enzymes in predicting prognosis is discussed. However, as the amount of data is limited, more studies are needed to fully evaluate the potential function of individual MMPs in ovarian cancer patients. Based on the knowledge gathered for this article, it seems that MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, are tentatively the most useful. A thorough evaluation of their utility as modern biomarkers in ovarian cancer requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Niczyporuk
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kulesza
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Motyka
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Vaicekauskaitė I, Sabaliauskaitė R, Lazutka JR, Jarmalaitė S. The Emerging Role of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213670. [PMID: 36430148 PMCID: PMC9697406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of women's death from cancers. The high mortality rate is attributed to the late presence of the disease and the lack of modern diagnostic tools, including molecular biomarkers. Moreover, OC is a highly heterogeneous disease, which contributes to early treatment failure. Thus, exploring OC molecular mechanisms could significantly enhance our understanding of the disease and provide new treatment options. Chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) are ATP-dependent molecular machines responsible for chromatin reorganization and involved in many DNA-related processes, including transcriptional regulation, replication, and reparation. Dysregulation of chromatin remodeling machinery may be related to cancer development and chemoresistance in OC. Some forms of OC and other gynecologic diseases have been associated with mutations in specific CRC genes. Most notably, ARID1A in endometriosis-related OC, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 in hypercalcemic type small cell ovarian carcinoma (SCCOHT), ACTL6A, CHRAC1, RSF1 amplification in high-grade serous OC. Here we review the available literature on CRCs' involvement in OC to improve our understanding of its development and investigate CRCs as possible biomarkers and treatment targets for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vaicekauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Sabaliauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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Mutation Patterns in Portuguese Families with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194717. [PMID: 36230639 PMCID: PMC9564125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The pattern of Breast Cancer Genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) mutations in Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) families varies widely among different populations. About 30% of Portuguese HBOC can be associated with inherited cancer caused by BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Three variants were identified (c.156_157insAlu in the BRCA2 gene and c.3331_3334del and c.2037delinsCC in the BRCA1 gene), accounting for about 50% of all Portuguese pathogenic mutations. Characterising the mutational spectrum in specific populations allows for a more efficient and cost-saving screening approach. Abstract Germline pathogenic variants in the Breast Cancer Genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) are responsible for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer accounts for 5–10% of all cases, phenotypically presenting with characteristics such as an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, earlier age of onset, bilateral tumours, male breast cancer, and ovarian tumours, among others. BRCA2 pathogenic variant is usually associated with other cancers such as melanoma, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Many rearrangements of different mutations were found in both genes, with some ethnic groups having higher frequencies of specific mutations due to founder effects. Despite the heterogeneity of germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations in Portuguese breast or/and ovarian cancer families, the first described founder mutation in the BRCA2 gene (c.156_157insAlu) and two other variants in the BRCA1 gene (c.3331_3334del and c.2037delinsCC) contribute to about 50% of all pathogenic mutations. Furthermore, the families with the BRCA1 c.3331_3334del or the c.2037delinsCC mutations share a common haplotype, suggesting that these may also be founder mutations in the Portuguese population. Identifying specific and recurrent/founder mutations plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of genetic testing since it allows the use of more specific, cheaper and faster strategies to screen HBOC families. Therefore, this review aims to describe the mutational rearrangements of founder mutations and evaluate their impact on the genetic testing criteria for HBOC families of Portuguese ancestry.
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Ghose A, Bolina A, Mahajan I, Raza SA, Clarke M, Pal A, Sanchez E, Rallis KS, Boussios S. Hereditary Ovarian Cancer: Towards a Cost-Effective Prevention Strategy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912057. [PMID: 36231355 PMCID: PMC9565024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. The search for a widely affordable and accessible screening strategy to reduce mortality from OC is still ongoing. This coupled with the late-stage presentation and poor prognosis harbours significant health-economic implications. OC is also the most heritable of all cancers, with an estimated 25% of cases having a hereditary predisposition. Advancements in technology have detected multiple mutations, with the majority affecting the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes. Women with BRCA mutations are at a significantly increased lifetime risk of developing OC, often presenting with a high-grade serous pathology, which is associated with higher mortality due to its aggressive characteristic. Therefore, a targeted, cost-effective approach to prevention is paramount to improve clinical outcomes and mortality. Current guidelines offer multiple preventive strategies for individuals with hereditary OC (HOC), including genetic counselling to identify the high-risk women and risk-reducing interventions (RRI), such as surgical management or chemoprophylaxis through contraceptive medications. Evidence for sporadic OC is abundant as compared to the existing dearth in the hereditary subgroup. Hence, our review article narrates an overview of HOC and explores the RRI developed over the years. It attempts to compare the cost effectiveness of these strategies with women of the general population in order to answer the crucial question: what is the most prudent clinically and economically effective strategy for prevention amongst high-risk women?
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London SG1 4AB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Anita Bolina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool CH63 4JY, UK
| | - Ishika Mahajan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Cancer Centre, Chennai 600001, India
| | - Syed Ahmer Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Miranda Clarke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Abhinanda Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, IQ City Medical College and Narayana Hospital, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Kathrine Sofia Rallis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki—Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yu X, Lin W, Spirtos A, Wang Y, Chen H, Ye J, Parker J, Liu CC, Wang Y, Quinn G, Zhou F, Chambers SK, Lewis C, Lea J, Li B, Zheng W. Dissection of transcriptome dysregulation and immune characterization in women with germline BRCA1 mutation at single-cell resolution. BMC Med 2022; 20:283. [PMID: 36076202 PMCID: PMC9461201 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most frequent and lethal type of ovarian cancer. It has been proposed that tubal secretory cells are the origin of ovarian HGSC in women with familial BRCA1/2 mutations. However, the molecular changes underlying malignant transformation remain unknown. METHOD We performed single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing of tubal fimbriated ends from 3 BRCA1 germline mutation carriers (BRCA1 carriers) and 3 normal controls with no high-risk history (non-BRCA1 carriers). RESULTS Exploring the transcriptomes of 19,008 cells, predominantly from BRCA1+ samples, we identified 5 major cell populations in the fallopian tubal mucosae. The secretory cells of BRCA1+ samples had differentially expressed genes involved in tumor growth and regulation, chemokine signaling, and antigen presentation compared to the wild-type BRCA1 controls. There are several novel findings in this study. First, a subset of the fallopian tubal secretory cells from one BRCA1 carrier exhibited an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which was also present in the mucosal fibroblasts. Second, we identified a previously unreported phenotypic split of the EMT secretory cells with distinct evolutionary endpoints. Third, we observed increased clonal expansion among the CD8+ T cell population from BRCA1+ carriers. Among those clonally expanded CD8+ T cells, PD-1 was significantly increased in tubal mucosae of BRCA1+ patients compared with that of normal controls, indicating that T cell exhaustion may occur before the development of any premalignant or malignant lesions. CONCLUSION These results indicate that EMT and immune evasion in normal-looking tubal mucosae may represent early events leading to the development of HGSC in women with BRCA1 germline mutation. Our findings provide a probable molecular mechanism explaining why some, but not all, women with BRCA1 germline mutation present with early development and rapid dissemination of HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Yu
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wanrun Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra Spirtos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Parker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ci Ci Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriella Quinn
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Setsuko K Chambers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jayanthi Lea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Bo Li
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Saburi A, Kahrizi MS, Naghsh N, Etemadi H, İlhan A, Adili A, Ghoreishizadeh S, Tamjidifar R, Akbari M, Ercan G. A comprehensive survey into the role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer chemoresistance; an updated overview. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:81. [PMID: 35799305 PMCID: PMC9264529 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), a frequent malignant tumor that affects women, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in this group of individuals. For the treatment of ovarian cancer, systemic chemotherapy with platinum-based drugs or taxanes is the first-line option. However, drug resistance developed over time during chemotherapy medications worsens the situation. Since uncertainty exists for the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer, there is a need to investigate and overcome this problem. miRNAs are engaged in various signaling pathways that contribute to the chemotherapeutic resistance of ovarian cancer. In the current study, we have tried to shed light on the mechanisms by which microRNAs contribute to the drug resistance of ovarian cancer and the use of some microRNAs to combat this chemoresistance, leading to the worse outcome of ovarian cancer patients treated with systemic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Saburi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | | | - Navid Naghsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hasti Etemadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Ahmet İlhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida USA
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Rozita Tamjidifar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gülinnaz Ercan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
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Gynecologic Cancer Risk and Genetics: Informing an Ideal Model of Gynecologic Cancer Prevention. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4632-4646. [PMID: 35877228 PMCID: PMC9322111 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29070368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with proven hereditary cancer syndrome (HCS) such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 have elevated rates of ovarian, breast, and other cancers. If these high-risk people can be identified before a cancer is diagnosed, risk-reducing interventions are highly effective and can be lifesaving. Despite this evidence, the vast majority of Canadians with HCS are unaware of their risk. In response to this unmet opportunity for prevention, the British Columbia Gynecologic Cancer Initiative convened a research summit “Gynecologic Cancer Prevention: Thinking Big, Thinking Differently” in Vancouver, Canada on 26 November 2021. The aim of the conference was to explore how hereditary cancer prevention via population-based genetic testing could decrease morbidity and mortality from gynecologic cancer. The summit invited local, national, and international experts to (1) discuss how genetic testing could be more broadly implemented in a Canadian system, (2) identify key research priorities in this topic and (3) outline the core essential elements required for such a program to be successful. This report summarizes the findings from this research summit, describes the current state of hereditary genetic programs in Canada, and outlines incremental steps that can be taken to improve prevention for high-risk Canadians now while developing an organized population-based hereditary cancer strategy.
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Gallardo-Rincón D, Montes-Servín E, Alamilla-García G, Montes-Servín E, Bahena-González A, Cetina-Pérez L, Morales Vásquez F, Cano-Blanco C, Coronel-Martínez J, González-Ibarra E, Espinosa-Romero R, María Alvarez-Gómez R, Pedroza-Torres A, Castro-Eguiluz D. Clinical Benefits of Olaparib in Mexican Ovarian Cancer Patients With Founder Mutation BRCA1-Del ex9-12. Front Genet 2022; 13:863956. [PMID: 35734436 PMCID: PMC9207274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.863956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is gynecologic cancer with the highest mortality rate. It is estimated that 13–17% of ovarian cancers are due to heritable mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. The BRCA1 (BRCA1-Del ex9-12) Mexican founder mutation is responsible for 28–35% of the cases with ovarian cancer. The aim was to describe the PFS of OC patients treated with olaparib, emphasizing patients carrying the Mexican founder mutation (BRCA1-Del ex9-12). Methods: In this observational study, of 107 patients with BRCAm, 35 patients were treated with olaparib from November 2016 to May 2021 at the Ovarian Cancer Program (COE) of Mexico; patient information was extracted from electronic medical records. Results: Of 311 patients, 107 (34.4%) were with BRCAm; 71.9% (77/107) were with BRCA1, of which 27.3% (21/77) were with BRCA1-Del ex9-12, and 28.1% (30/107) were with BRCA2 mutations. Only 35 patients received olaparib treatment, and the median follow-up was 12.87 months. The PFS of BRCA1-Del ex9-12 was NR (non-reach); however, 73% of the patients received the treatment at 36 vs. 11.59 months (95% CI; 10.43–12.75) in patients with other BRCAm (p = 0.008). Almost 50% of patients required dose reduction due to toxicity; the most frequent adverse events were hematological in 76.5% and gastrointestinal in 4%. Conclusion: Mexican OC BRCA1-Del ex9-12 patients treated with olaparib had a significant increase in PFS regardless of the line of treatment compared to other mutations in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Dolores Gallardo-Rincón,
| | - Edgar Montes-Servín
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alamilla-García
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Montes-Servín
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bahena-González
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucely Cetina-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Cervical Cancer Program (Micaela), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flavia Morales Vásquez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Blanco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Coronel-Martínez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto González-Ibarra
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel Espinosa-Romero
- Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Program (COE), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Alvarez-Gómez
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Pedroza-Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Catedrático CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denisse Castro-Eguiluz
- Cervical Cancer Program (Micaela), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
- Catedrático CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gersekowski K, Delahunty R, Alsop K, Goode EL, Cunningham JM, Winham SJ, Pharoah P, Song H, Jordan S, Fereday S, DeFazio A, Friedlander M, Obermair A, Webb PM. Germline BRCA variants, lifestyle and ovarian cancer survival. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 165:437-445. [PMID: 35400525 PMCID: PMC9133192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with ovarian cancer who have a pathogenic germline variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA) have been shown to have better 5-year survival after diagnosis than women who are BRCA-wildtype (non-carriers). Modifiable lifestyle factors, including smoking, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) have previously been associated with ovarian cancer survival; however, it is unknown whether these associations differ by germline BRCA status. METHODS We investigated measures of lifestyle prior to diagnosis in two cohorts of Australian women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, using Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In the combined studies (n = 1923), there was little association between physical activity, BMI or alcohol intake and survival, and no difference by BRCA status. However, the association between current smoking status before diagnosis and poorer survival was stronger for BRCA variant carriers (HR 1.98; 95% CI 1.20-3.27) than non-carriers (HR 1.18; 95% CI 0.96-1.46; p-interaction 0.02). We saw a similar differential association with smoking when we pooled results from two additional cohorts from the USA and UK (n = 2120). Combining the results from all four studies gave a pooled-HR of 1.94 (95% CI 1.28-2.94) for current smoking among BRCA variant carriers compared to 1.08 (0.90-1.29) for non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the adverse effect of smoking on survival may be stronger for women with a BRCA variant than those without. Thus, while smoking cessation may improve outcomes for all women with ovarian cancer, it might provide a greater benefit for BRCA variant carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Gersekowski
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Delahunty
- Women's Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Women's Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Jordan
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Women's Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School University of New South Wales, Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreas Obermair
- Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Liu C, Zhou S, Bai W, Shi L, Li X. Protective effect of food derived nutrients on cisplatin nephrotoxicity and its mechanism. Food Funct 2022; 13:4839-4860. [PMID: 35416186 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based metal complexes, especially cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, CDDP), possess strong anticancer properties and a broad anticancer spectrum. However, the clinical application of CDDP has been limited by its side effects including nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of current clinical protocols are imperfect. Accordingly, it is essential to identify key targets and effective clinical protocols to restrict CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. Herein, we first analyzed the relevant molecular mechanisms during the process of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Evidence from current studies was collected and potential targets and clinical protocols are summarized. The evidence indicates an efficacious role of nutrition-based substances in CDDP-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Sajin Zhou
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Weibin Bai
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Mogos R, Popovici R, Tanase A, Calistru T, Popovici P, Grigore M, Carauleanu A. New approaches in ovarian cancer based on genetics and carcinogenesis hypotheses (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:423. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Mogos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ‘Cuza Voda’ Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Razvan Popovici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ‘Cuza Voda’ Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adina Tanase
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700015 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Paula Popovici
- Pediatrics, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700015 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Grigore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ‘Cuza Voda’ Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Carauleanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ‘Cuza Voda’ Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania
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38
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Kostov S, Watrowski R, Kornovski Y, Dzhenkov D, Slavchev S, Ivanova Y, Yordanov A. Hereditary Gynecologic Cancer Syndromes - A Narrative Review. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:381-405. [PMID: 35422633 PMCID: PMC9005127 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s353054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes are defined as syndromes, where the genetics of cancer are the result of low penetrant polymorphisms or of a single gene disorder inherited in a mendelian fashion. During the last decade, compelling evidence has accumulated that approximately 5-10% of all cancers could be attributed to hereditary cancer syndromes. A tremendous progress has been made over the last decade in the evaluation and management of these syndromes. However, hereditary syndromes associated with gynecologic malignancies still present significant challenge for oncogynecologists. Oncogynecologists tend to pay more attention to staging, histological type and treatment options of gynecological cancers than thinking of inherited cancers and taking a detailed family history. Moreover, physicians should also be familiar with screening strategies in patients with inherited gynecological cancers. Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome are the most common and widely discussed syndromes in medical literature. The aim of the present review article is to delineate and emphasize the majority of hereditary gynecological cancer syndromes, even these, which are rarely reported in oncogynecology. The following inherited cancers are briefly discussed: Lynch syndrome; "site-specific" ovarian cancer and hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome; Cowden syndrome; Li-Fraumeni syndrome; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; ataxia-telangiectasia; DICER1- syndrome; gonadal dysgenesis; tuberous sclerosis; multiple endocrine neoplasia type I, II; hereditary small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type and hereditary undifferentiated uterine sarcoma; hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and MUTYH-associated polyposis. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathology and screening of these syndromes are discussed. General treatment recommendations are beyond the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Kostov
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital "Saint Anna", Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria.,Faculty of Health Care, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Rafał Watrowski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Yavor Kornovski
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital "Saint Anna", Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Deyan Dzhenkov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Division of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav Slavchev
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital "Saint Anna", Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yonka Ivanova
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital "Saint Anna", Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
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Sherill-Rofe D, Raban O, Findlay S, Rahat D, Unterman I, Samiei A, Yasmeen A, Kaiser Z, Kuasne H, Park M, Foulkes WD, Bloch I, Zick A, Gotlieb WH, Tabach Y, Orthwein A. Multi-omics data integration analysis identifies the spliceosome as a key regulator of DNA double-strand break repair. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac013. [PMID: 35399185 PMCID: PMC8991968 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) is critical for the maintenance of genome stability. Germline and somatic mutations in HR genes have been associated with an increased risk of developing breast (BC) and ovarian cancers (OvC). However, the extent of factors and pathways that are functionally linked to HR with clinical relevance for BC and OvC remains unclear. To gain a broader understanding of this pathway, we used multi-omics datasets coupled with machine learning to identify genes that are associated with HR and to predict their sub-function. Specifically, we integrated our phylogenetic-based co-evolution approach (CladePP) with 23 distinct genetic and proteomic screens that monitored, directly or indirectly, DNA repair by HR. This omics data integration analysis yielded a new database (HRbase) that contains a list of 464 predictions, including 76 gold standard HR genes. Interestingly, the spliceosome machinery emerged as one major pathway with significant cross-platform interactions with the HR pathway. We functionally validated 6 spliceosome factors, including the RNA helicase SNRNP200 and its co-factor SNW1. Importantly, their RNA expression correlated with BC/OvC patient outcome. Altogether, we identified novel clinically relevant DNA repair factors and delineated their specific sub-function by machine learning. Our results, supported by evolutionary and multi-omics analyses, suggest that the spliceosome machinery plays an important role during the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sherill-Rofe
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Oded Raban
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Steven Findlay
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Dolev Rahat
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Irene Unterman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Arash Samiei
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Zafir Kaiser
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Idit Bloch
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Aviad Zick
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Yuval Tabach
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Hu PZ, Chen XY, Xiong W, Yang ZJ, Li XR, Deng WZ, Gong LN, Deng H, Yuan LM. A BRCA1 Splice Site Variant Responsible for Familial Ovarian Cancer in a Han-Chinese Family. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:666-672. [PMID: 35290602 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common and most lethal gynecological malignancies. OC has an age-dependent incidence and occurs more commonly in females older than 50 years old. Most OC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. Germline mutations in the BRCA1 DNA repair associated gene (BRCA1) and the BRCA2 DNA repair associated gene (BRCA2) account for 20%-25% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). BRCA1 germline mutations are more common in Chinese EOC patients. METHODS This study reported a three-generation Han-Chinese family containing four EOC patients and a rectal adenocarcinoma patient. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on two EOC patients and an unaffected individual. Variant validation was also performed in all available members by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A heterozygous splice site variant, c.4358-2A>G in the BRCA1 gene, was identified. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the variant may change the splicing machinery. CONCLUSION The BRCA1 splice site variant, c.4358-2A>G was identified as the likely genetic cause for EOC, and may also be associated with the increased risk of rectal adenocarcinoma in the family. The findings were beneficial for genetic counseling, helpful for cancer prevention in other family members, and may facilitate therapy decision-making in the future to reduce cancer lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zhi Hu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Department of Radiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Deng
- Department of Pathology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Li-Na Gong
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - La-Mei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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41
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Ebner S, Winkelmann R, Martin S, Köllermann J, Wild PJ, Demes M. Sequencing of BRCA1/2-alterations using NGS-based technology: annotation as a challenge. Oncotarget 2022; 13:464-475. [PMID: 35251494 PMCID: PMC8893798 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the molecular profile of different BRCA-associated tumor types was assessed with regard to the classification and annotation of detected BRCA1/2 variants. The aim was to establish guidelines in order to facilitate the interpretation of BRCA1/2 alterations in routine diagnostics. Annotation of detected variants was evaluated compared to background mutations found in normal tissue samples and manually reviewed according to distinct online databases. This retrospective study included 48 samples (45 tumors, three non-tumors), which were sequenced with the GeneReader (QIAGEN). Thereof ten samples were additionally analyzed with the Ion S5™ (Thermo Fisher) and 20 samples with the MiSeq™ (Illumina®) to compare the different NGS devices, as well as the sequencing results and their quality. The analysis showed that the individual NGS platforms detected different numbers of BRCA1/2 alterations in the respective tumor sample. In addition, the GeneReader revealed variability in the detection and classification of pathogenic alterations within the platform itself as well as in comparison with the other platforms or online databases. The study concluded that the Ion S5™ in combination with the Oncomine™ Comprehensive Assay v3 is most recommendable for current and prospective requirements of molecular analysis in routine diagnostics. In addition to the two BRCA1/2 genes, a broad number of other genes (BRCAness genes and genes involved in the repair pathway) is covered by the panel, which may open up new treatment options for patients depending on the respective eligibility criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Ebner
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ria Winkelmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Saskia Martin
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Köllermann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter J Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Wildlab, University Hospital MVZ GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Melanie Demes
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Wildlab, University Hospital MVZ GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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42
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Mai PL, Miller A, Black A, Falk RT, Boggess JF, Tucker K, Stuckey AR, Rodriguez GC, Wong C, Amatruda TT, Wilkinson KJ, Modesitt SC, Yamada SD, Bixel KL, Glaser GE, Rose PG, Greene MH, Sherman ME. Effect of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy on sex steroid hormone serum levels among postmenopausal women: an NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:61.e1-61.e18. [PMID: 35216968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is an effective ovarian cancer risk reduction strategy. However, bilateral oophorectomy has also been associated with increased long-term nonneoplastic sequelae, effects suggested to be mediated through reductions in systemic sex steroid hormone levels. Currently, it is unclear whether the postmenopausal ovary contributes to the systemic hormonal milieu or whether postmenopausal ovarian volume or other factors, such as body mass index and age, affect systemic hormone levels. OBJECTIVE We examined the impact of oophorectomy on sex steroid hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, we explored how well ovarian volume measured by transvaginal ultrasound correlated with direct ovarian measures obtained during surgical pathology evaluation and investigated the association between hormone levels and ovarian volumes. STUDY DESIGN Postmenopausal women who underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (180 cases) or ovarian cancer screening (38 controls) enrolled in an international, prospective study of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and risk of ovarian cancer algorithm-based screening among women at increased risk of ovarian cancer (Gynecologic Oncology Group-0199) were included in this analysis. Controls were frequency matched to the cases on age at menopause, age at study entry, and time interval between blood draws. Ovarian volume was calculated using measurements obtained from transvaginal ultrasound in both cases and controls and measurements recorded in surgical pathology reports from cases. Serum hormone levels of testosterone, androstenedione, androstenediol, dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured at baseline and follow-up. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to compare ovarian volumes as measured on transvaginal ultrasound and pathology examinations. Correlations between ovarian volumes by transvaginal ultrasound and measured hormone levels were examined using linear regression models. All models were adjusted for age. Paired t tests were performed to evaluate individual differences in hormone levels before and after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. RESULTS Ovarian volumes measured by transvaginal ultrasound were only moderately correlated with those reported on pathology reports (Spearman rho [ρ]=0.42). The median time interval between risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and follow-up for the cases was 13.3 months (range, 6.0-19.3), and the median time interval between baseline and follow-up for the controls was 12.7 months (range, 8.7-13.4). Sex steroid levels decreased with age but were not correlated with transvaginal ultrasound ovarian volume, body mass index, or time since menopause. Estradiol levels were significantly lower after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (percentage change, -61.9 post-risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy vs +15.2 in controls; P=.02), but no significant differences were seen for the other hormones. CONCLUSION Ovarian volumes measured by transvaginal ultrasound were moderately correlated with volumes directly measured on pathology specimens and were not correlated with sex steroid hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Estradiol was the only hormone that declined significantly after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Thus, it remains unclear whether the limited post-risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy changes in sex steroid hormones among postmenopausal women impact long-term adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong L Mai
- Center for Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Clinical Trial Development Division, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roni T Falk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - John F Boggess
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Centre, Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashley R Stuckey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL
| | - Cheung Wong
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT
| | - Thomas T Amatruda
- Metro-Minnesota Community Oncology Research Consortium, Fridley Clinic, Fridley, MN
| | - Kelly J Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Susan C Modesitt
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA
| | - S Diane Yamada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kristin L Bixel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Peter G Rose
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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43
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Gowtham Kumar G, Paul SF, Molia C, Manickavasagam M, Ramya R, Usha Rani G, Ganesan N, Andrea Mary F. The association between CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and HSD17B1 gene polymorphisms of estrogen synthesis pathway and ovarian cancer predisposition. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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44
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Beyond BRCA1/2: Homologous Recombination Repair Genetic Profile in a Large Cohort of Apulian Ovarian Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020365. [PMID: 35053526 PMCID: PMC8773795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common gynecologic malignancy and the most common cause of death among women with gynecologic cancer. Despite significant improvements having been made over the past decades, OC remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat. Targeted therapies, such as PARPi, have emerged as one of the most interesting treatments for OC, particularly in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. or those with a dysfunctional homologous recombination repair pathway. The purpose of our study is to address the role of NGS-targeted resequencing in the clinical routine of OC, focusing not only on BRCA1/2 but also on the homologous recombination repair genetic profile. Abstract Background: Pathogenic variants in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes other than BRCA1/2 have been associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer (OC). In current clinical practice, genetic testing is generally limited to BRCA1/2. Herein, we investigated the mutational status of both BRCA1/2 and 5 HRR genes in 69 unselected OC, evaluating the advantage of multigene panel testing in everyday clinical practice. Methods: We analyzed 69 epithelial OC samples using an NGS custom multigene panel of the 5 HRR pathways genes, beyond the genetic screening routine of BRCA1/2 testing. Results: Overall, 19 pathogenic variants (27.5%) were detected. The majority (21.7%) of patients displayed a deleterious mutation in BRCA1/2, whereas 5.8% harbored a pathogenic variant in one of the HRR genes. Additionally, there were 14 (20.3%) uncertain significant variants (VUS). The assessment of germline mutational status showed that a small number of variants (five) were not detected in the corresponding blood sample. Notably, we detected one BRIP1 and four BRCA1/2 deleterious variants in the low-grade serous and endometrioid histology OC, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrate that using a multigene panel beyond BRCA1/2 improves the diagnostic yield in OC testing, and it could produce clinically relevant results.
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Sliheet E, Robinson M, Morand S, Choucair K, Willoughby D, Stanbery L, Aaron P, Bognar E, Nemunaitis J. Network based analysis identifies TP53m-BRCA1/2wt-homologous recombination proficient (HRP) population with enhanced susceptibility to Vigil immunotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:993-1000. [PMID: 34785763 PMCID: PMC9293751 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thus far immunotherapy has had limited impact on ovarian cancer. Vigil (a novel DNA-based multifunctional immune-therapeutic) has shown clinical benefit to prolong relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the BRCA wild type and HRP populations. We further analyzed molecular signals related to sensitivity of Vigil treatment. Tissue from patients enrolled in the randomized double-blind trial of Vigil vs. placebo as maintenance in frontline management of advanced resectable ovarian cancer underwent DNA polymorphism analysis. Data was generated from a 981 gene panel to determine the tumor mutation burden and classify variants using Ingenuity Variant Analysis software (Qiagen) or NIH ClinVar. Only variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic were included. STRING application (version 1.5.1) was used to create a protein-protein interaction network. Topological distance and probability of co-mutation were used to calculated the C-score and cumulative C-score (cumC-score). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the relationship between gene pairs with a high cumC-score and clinical parameters. Improved relapse free survival in Vigil treated patients was found for the TP53m-BRCAwt-HRP group compared to placebo (21.1 months versus 5.6 months p = 0.0013). Analysis of tumor mutation burden did not reveal statistical benefit in patients receiving Vigil versus placebo. Results suggest a subset of ovarian cancer patients with enhanced susceptibility to Vigil immunotherapy. The hypothesis-generating data presented invites a validation study of Vigil in target identified populations, and supports clinical consideration of STRING-generated network application to biomarker characterization with other cancer patients targeted with Vigil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa Sliheet
- grid.263864.d0000 0004 1936 7929Southern Methodist University, Department of Mathematics, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Molly Robinson
- grid.263864.d0000 0004 1936 7929Southern Methodist University, Department of Mathematics, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Susan Morand
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XUniversity of Toledo, Department of Medicine, Toledo, OH USA
| | - Khalil Choucair
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS USA
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Loizzi V, Cicinelli E, Del Vecchio V, Arezzo F, Deromemaj X, Kardhashi A, Paradiso A, Legge F, Natalicchio MI, Resta L, Resta N, Loconte DC, Cormio G. A prospective multicentric study of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA mutation patients. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022051. [PMID: 36043985 PMCID: PMC9534247 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i4.11695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK BRCA1/2 are tumour-suppressor genes involved in DNA homologous recombination and ovarian cancer development. The study evaluated the risk of tumor cancer in women presenting the BRCA mutations. METHODS Risk-reducing surgery (RRS) was performed in 100 patients carrying BRCA1 (aged between 30-73 years, median age was 51 years) and BRCA 2 mutation (aged between 36-70 years, median age was 53 years). Fifty-eight patients had previous history of breast cancer. RESULTS Between the 100 patients, 82 women underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) through a laparoscopic minimally invasive approach, 7 (7 %) underwent laparoscopic RRSO and contextual hysterectomy, 1 woman (1 %) underwent RRSO through a laparotomic approach and 10 women (10 %) laparotomic RRSO and hysterectomy. During 5 (5 %) laparoscopic RRSO, prophylactic bilateral mastectomy was also performed. Early and late complication occurred in 3 patients (3 %). Two patients (2 %) were found to have occult Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC) and three patients (3 %) occult cancer. CONCLUSIONS RRSO is safe and feasible in BRCA mutation carriers. The procedure is effective for genetic prevention of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Loizzi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Interdisciplinar Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Del Vecchio
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Arezzo
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Xheni Deromemaj
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Anila Kardhashi
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Legge
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, General Regional Hospital “F. Miulli” of Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicoletta Resta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Daria Carmela Loconte
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Interdisciplinar Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Italy
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Amer H, Kartikasari AER, Plebanski M. Elevated Interleukin-6 Levels in the Circulation and Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Ovarian Cancer as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1335. [PMID: 34945807 PMCID: PMC8704427 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal cancers, largely due to a late diagnosis. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of IL6 in the blood and ascites separately for advanced and early-stage OC. We included 37 studies with 6948 participants detecting serum or plasma IL6. The plasma/serum IL6 mean level in the late-stage OC was 23.88 pg/mL (95% CI: 13.84-41.23), and the early-stage OC was 16.67 pg/mL (95% CI: 510.06-27.61), significantly higher than the healthy controls at 3.96 pg/mL (95% CI: 2.02-7.73), but not significantly higher than those found in the controls with benign growths in the ovary, which was 9.63 pg/mL (95% CI: 4.16-22.26). To evaluate IL6 in ascites as a diagnostic marker, we included 26 studies with 1590 participants. The mean level of ascitic IL6 in the late-stage OC was 3676.93 pg/mL (95% CI: 1891.7-7146.7), and the early-stage OC was 1519.21 pg/mL (95% CI: 604.6-3817.7), significantly higher than the benign controls at 247.33 pg/mL (95% CI: 96.2-636.0). There was no significant correlation between the levels of circulating and ascitic IL6. When pooling all OC stages for analysis, we found that serum/plasma IL6 provided 76.7% sensitivity (95% CI: 0.71-0.92) and 72% specificity (95% CI: 0.64-0.79). Ascitic IL6 provided higher sensitivity at 84% (95% CI: 0.710-0.919) and specificity at 74% (95% CI: 0.646-0.826). This study highlights the utility of ascitic IL6 for early detection of OC.
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Futagawa M, Yamamoto H, Kochi M, Urakawa Y, Sogawa R, Kato F, Okazawa-Sakai M, Ennishi D, Shinozaki K, Inoue H, Yanai H, Hirasawa A. Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma in a female patient with a germline splicing variant RAD51D c.904-2A > T: a case report. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:48. [PMID: 34838098 PMCID: PMC8627011 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RAD51D (RAD51 paralog D) is an intermediate cancer susceptibility gene for primary ovarian cancer, including fallopian tube and peritoneal carcinomas and breast cancer. Although gynecological non-epithelial tumors such as uterine sarcomas are associated with genomic instability, including BRCA impairment, there is no clear evidence of the relationship between RAD51D variants and the risk of sarcoma development. Case presentation A Japanese woman in her 50s underwent multiple surgical resections and several regimens of chemotherapy for tumors that originated in the retroperitoneum and recurred in the peritoneum over a clinical course of approximately 4 years. The peritoneal tumor was histologically diagnosed as a leiomyosarcoma and was genetically identified to show a splice variant of RAD51D c.904-2A > T [NM_002878] through tumor profiling performed as a part of cancer precision medicine. The confirmatory genetic test performed after genetic counseling revealed that the RAD51D splicing variant detected in her tumor was of germline origin. In silico analyses supported the possible pathogenicity of the detected splice variant of RAD51D with a predicted attenuation in mRNA transcription and truncated protein production due to frameshifting, which was attributed to a single-nucleotide alteration in the splicing acceptor site at the 3′-end of intron 9 of RAD51D. Considering her unfavorable clinical outcome, which showed a highly aggressive phenotype of leiomyosarcoma with altered RAD51D, this case provided novel evidence for the relationship of a RAD51D splicing variant with malignant tumor development or progression. We report the findings of this rare case with possible involvement of the germline variant of RAD51D c.904-2A > T as a potential predisposing factor for malignant tumors, including leiomyosarcoma. Conclusions We present the findings of a case of leiomyosarcoma in the peritoneum of a female patient with a novel germline splicing variant of RAD51D as potential evidence for the pathogenicity of the variant and its involvement in the risk of sarcoma etiology and/or development. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing a leiomyosarcoma carrying a germline RAD51D splicing variant and elucidating its pathogenicity on the basis of computational prediction of the impairment of normal transcription and the presumed loss of functional protein production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13053-021-00205-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashu Futagawa
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8551, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8551, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Mariko Kochi
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8551, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusaku Urakawa
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8551, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Reimi Sogawa
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumino Kato
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mika Okazawa-Sakai
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8551, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shinozaki
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Hiroshima Prefecture Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanai
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8551, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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Deo SVS, Chhebbi M, Mishra A, Sharma J, Gogia A, Pramanik R. A Review of Surgical Perspectives of Breast Cancer Genetics and Risk-Reducing Surgery. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-03119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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