1
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Wu HY, Luo LF, Wei F, Jiang HM. Comprehensive clinicopathological significance and putative transcriptional mechanisms of Forkhead box M1 factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:366. [PMID: 38001498 PMCID: PMC10675979 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Forkhead box M1 factor (FOXM1) is a crucial activator for cancer cell proliferation. While FOXM1 has been shown to promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, its transcriptional mechanisms remain incompletely understood. METHODS We performed an in-house tissue microarray on 313 HCC and 37 non-HCC tissue samples, followed by immunohistochemical staining. Gene chips and high throughput sequencing data were used to assess FOXM1 expression and prognosis. To identify candidate targets of FOXM1, we comprehensively reanalyzed 41 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) data sets. We predicted FOXM1 transcriptional targets in HCC by intersecting candidate FOXM1 targets with HCC overexpressed genes and FOXM1 correlation genes. Enrichment analysis was employed to address the potential mechanisms of FOXM1 underlying HCC. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed to confirm the transcriptional activity of FOXM1 on its predicted targets. RESULTS This study, based on 4235 HCC tissue samples and 3461 non-HCC tissue samples, confirmed the upregulation of FOXM1 in HCC at mRNA and protein levels (standardized mean difference = 1.70 [1.42, 1.98]), making it the largest multi-centered study to do so. Among HCC patients, FOXM1 was increased in Asian and advanced subgroups, and high expression of FOXM1 had a strong ability to differentiate HCC tissue from non-HCC tissue (area under the curve = 0.94, sensitivity = 88.72%, specificity = 87.24%). FOXM1 was also shown to be an independent exposure risk factor for HCC, with a pooled hazard ratio of 2.00 [1.77, 2.26]. The predicted transcriptional targets of FOXM1 in HCC were predominantly enriched in nuclear division, chromosomal region, and catalytic activity acting on DNA. A gene cluster encoding nine transcriptional factors was predicted to be positively regulated by FOXM1, promoting the cell cycle signaling pathway in HCC. Finally, the transcriptional activity of FOXM1 and its targets was supported by single-cell analysis of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study not only confirmed the upregulation of FOXM1 in HCC but also identified it as an independent risk factor. Moreover, our findings enriched our understanding of the complex transcriptional mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis, with FOXM1 potentially promoting HCC progression by activating other transcription factors within the cell cycle pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yu Wu
- Department of Medical Experimental Center, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Feng Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Zeng F, Carrasco G, Li B, Sophocleous A, Idris AI. TRAF6 as a potential target in advanced breast cancer: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bioinformatics validation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4646. [PMID: 36944688 PMCID: PMC10029787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAF6 has emerged as a key regulator of breast cancer (BCa). However, the TRAF family constitutes of seven members that exhibit distinct and overlapping functions. To explore which TRAF represents a potential druggable target for BCa treatment, we searched Medline, Web of Science and Scopus for relevant studies from inception to June 27, 2021. We identified 14 in vitro, 11 in vivo and 4 human articles. A meta-analysis of pharmacological studies showed that in vitro inhibition of TRAF2/4 (mean difference (MD): - 57.49, 95% CI: - 66.95, - 48.02, P < 0.00001) or TRAF6 (standard(Std.)MD: - 4.01, 95% CI: - 5.75, - 2.27, P < 0.00001) is associated with reduction in BCa cell migration. Consistently, inhibition of TRAF2/4 (MD: - 51.08, 95% CI: - 64.23, - 37.94, P < 0.00001) and TRAF6 (Std.MD: - 2.80, 95% CI: - 4.26, - 1.34, P = 0.0002) is associated with reduced BCa cell invasion, whereas TRAF2/4 inhibition (MD: - 40.54, 95% CI: - 52.83, - 28.26, P < 0.00001) is associated with reduced BCa cell adhesion. Interestingly, only inhibition of TRAF6 (MD: - 21.46, 95% CI: - 30.40, - 12.51, P < 0.00001) is associated with reduced cell growth. In animal models of BCa, administration of pharmacological inhibitors of TRAF2/4 (Std.MD: - 3.36, 95% CI: - 4.53, - 2.18, P < 0.00001) or TRAF6 (Std.MD: - 4.15, 95% CI: - 6.06, - 2.24, P < 0.0001) in mice is associated with reduction in tumour burden. In contrast, TRAF6 inhibitors (MD: - 2.42, 95% CI: - 3.70, - 1.14, P = 0.0002) reduced BCa metastasis. In BCa patients, high expression of TRAF6 (Hazard Ratio: 1.01, CI: 1.01, 1.01, P < 0.00001) is associated with poor survival rate. Bioinformatics validation of clinical and pathway and process enrichment analysis in BCa patients confirmed that gain/amplification of TRAF6 is associated with secondary BCa in bone (P = 0.0079), and poor survival rate (P < 0.05). Overall, TRAF6 inhibitors show promise in the treatment of metastatic BCa. However, low study number and scarcity of evidence from animal and human studies may limit the translation of present findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feier Zeng
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Giovana Carrasco
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Boya Li
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Antonia Sophocleous
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Street, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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Demirtas Korkmaz F, Dogan Turacli I, Esendagli G, Ekmekci A. Effects of thiostrepton alone or in combination with selumetinib on triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10387-10397. [PMID: 36097108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FoxM1 transcription factor contributes to tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we examined the effects of FoxM1 inhibitor Thiostrepton (THIO) alone or in combination with MEK inhibitor Selumetinib (SEL) on metastatic parameters in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry was used to assess metastasis-related protein expressions in 4T1 cells and its allograft tumor model in BALB/c mice. In vivo uPA activity was determined by enzymatic methods. RESULTS Both inhibitors were effective on the expressions of FoxM1, ERK, p-ERK, Twist, E-cadherin, and Vimentin alone or in combination in vitro. THIO significantly decreased 4T1 cell migration and changed the cell morphology from mesenchymal-like to epithelial-like structure. THIO was more effective than in combination with SEL in terms of metastatic protein expressions in vivo. THIO alone significantly inhibited mean tumor growth, decreased lung metastasis rate and tumor foci, however, no significant changes in these parameters were observed in the combined group. Immunohistochemically, FoxM1 expression intensity was decreased with THIO and its combination with SEL in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that inhibiting FoxM1 as a single target is more effective than combined treatment with MEK in theTNBC allograft model. The therapeutic efficacy of THIO should be investigated with further studies on appropriate drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Demirtas Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, 28100, Turkey.
| | - Irem Dogan Turacli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guldal Esendagli
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ekmekci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Liao J, Jiang L, Wang C, Zhao D, He W, Zhou K, Liang Y. FoxM1 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Neuroblastoma Cell through PI3K/AKT Pathway. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:355-370. [PMID: 32901528 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1814915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the effect of FoxM1 on the biological behavior of neuroblastoma (NB) cells in vitro and the association between FoxM1 and PI3K/AKT pathways in NB cell lines. Materials and methods: Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+)-FoxM1 and FoxM1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into IMR-32 cells by liposome transfection. The expression of FoxM1, AKT and PI3K were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The effect of FoxM1 and PI3K/AKT pathways on the cell cycles and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell viability and proliferation ability were assessed by CCK8 and colony formation assay. Results: Knockdown of FoxM1 promoted NB cell apoptosis and G1-phase cell cycle arrest significantly, increased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and suppressed the phospho-activation of PI3K and AKT. Over-expression of FoxM1 had the opposite effects. Conclusion: FoxM1 knockdown inhibited NB cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through inhibiting activation of PI3K and AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzuo Liao
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenfei He
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Kejun Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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5
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Fang G, Fan J, Ding Z, Li R, Lin K, Fu J, Huang Q, Zeng Y, Liu J. Prognostic and Predictive Value of Transcription Factors Panel for Digestive System Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670129. [PMID: 34745933 PMCID: PMC8566925 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Digestive system carcinoma is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. Lack of valid clinicopathological parameters as prognostic factors needs more accurate and effective biomarkers for high-confidence prognosis that guide decision-making for optimal treatment of digestive system carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to establish a novel model to improve prognosis prediction of digestive system carcinoma, with a particular interest in transcription factors (TFs). Materials and Methods A TF-related prognosis model of digestive system carcinoma with data from TCGA database successively were processed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Then, for evaluating the prognostic prediction value of the model, ROC curve and survival analysis were performed by external data from GEO database. Furthermore, we verified the expression of TFs expression by qPCR in digestive system carcinoma tissue. Finally, we constructed a TF clinical characteristics nomogram to furtherly predict digestive system carcinoma patient survival probability with TCGA database. Results By Cox regression analysis, a panel of 17 TFs (NFIC, YBX2, ZBTB47, ZNF367, CREB3L3, HEYL, FOXD1, TIGD1, SNAI1, HSF4, CENPA, ETS2, FOXM1, ETV4, MYBL2, FOXQ1, ZNF589) was identified to present with powerful predictive performance for overall survival of digestive system carcinoma patients based on TCGA database. A nomogram that integrates TFs was established, allowing efficient prediction of survival probabilities and displaying higher clinical utility. Conclusion The 17-TF panel is an independent prognostic factor for digestive system carcinoma, and 17 TFs based nomogram might provide implication an effective approach for digestive system carcinoma patient management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxu Fang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Big Data Institute of Southeast Hepatobiliary Health Information, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Department of Hepatology for Pregnancy, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zongren Ding
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Big Data Institute of Southeast Hepatobiliary Health Information, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kongying Lin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Big Data Institute of Southeast Hepatobiliary Health Information, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Big Data Institute of Southeast Hepatobiliary Health Information, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qizhen Huang
- The Big Data Institute of Southeast Hepatobiliary Health Information, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Big Data Institute of Southeast Hepatobiliary Health Information, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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6
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Zhang YL, Ma Y, Zeng YQ, Liu Y, He EP, Liu YT, Qiao FL, Yu R, Wang YS, Wu XY, Leng P. A narrative review of research progress on FoxM1 in breast cancer carcinogenesis and therapeutics. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1704. [PMID: 34988213 PMCID: PMC8667115 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to clarify the potential roles of forkhead box transcription factor M1 (FoxM1) in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer, as well as the predictive value of FoxM1 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. BACKGROUND Breast cancer, well-known as a molecularly heterogeneous cancer, is still one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors among females worldwide. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the central causes of high mortality in breast cancer patients. Many factors contribute to the occurrence and progression of breast cancer, including FoxM1. FoxM1, widely regarded as a classic proliferation-related transcription factor, plays pivotal roles in the occurrence, proliferation, invasion, migration, drug resistance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes of multiple human tumors including breast cancer. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for articles published in English from February 2008 to May 2021 using related keywords such as "forkhead box transcription factor M1", "human breast cancer", "FoxM1", and "human tumor". About 90 research papers and reports written in English were identified, most of which were published after 2015. These papers mainly concentrated on the functions of FoxM1 in the occurrence, development, drug resistance, and treatment of human breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Considering that the abnormal expression of FoxM1 plays a significant role in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy drug resistance of breast cancer, and its overexpression is closely correlated with the unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics of breast tumor patients, it is considerably important to comprehend the regulatory mechanism of FoxM1 in breast cancer. This will provide strong evidence for FoxM1 as a potential biomarker for the targeted treatment and prognostic evaluation of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Disaster Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You-Qin Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - En-Ping He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College-Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Tong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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7
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Liu C, Barger CJ, Karpf AR. FOXM1: A Multifunctional Oncoprotein and Emerging Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3065. [PMID: 34205406 PMCID: PMC8235333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the conserved forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Over the last two decades, FOXM1 has emerged as a multifunctional oncoprotein and a robust biomarker of poor prognosis in many human malignancies. In this review article, we address the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of regulation and oncogenic functions of FOXM1, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer. FOXM1 and its associated oncogenic transcriptional signature are enriched in >85% of ovarian cancer cases and FOXM1 expression and activity can be enhanced by a plethora of genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. As a master transcriptional regulator, FOXM1 promotes critical oncogenic phenotypes in ovarian cancer, including: (1) cell proliferation, (2) invasion and metastasis, (3) chemotherapy resistance, (4) cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, (5) genomic instability, and (6) altered cellular metabolism. We additionally discuss the evidence for FOXM1 as a cancer biomarker, describe the rationale for FOXM1 as a cancer therapeutic target, and provide an overview of therapeutic strategies used to target FOXM1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68918-6805, USA; (C.L.); (C.J.B.)
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8
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Barger CJ, Chee L, Albahrani M, Munoz-Trujillo C, Boghean L, Branick C, Odunsi K, Drapkin R, Zou L, Karpf AR. Co-regulation and function of FOXM1/ RHNO1 bidirectional genes in cancer. eLife 2021; 10:e55070. [PMID: 33890574 PMCID: PMC8104967 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The FOXM1 transcription factor is an oncoprotein and a top biomarker of poor prognosis in human cancer. Overexpression and activation of FOXM1 is frequent in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the most common and lethal form of human ovarian cancer, and is linked to copy number gains at chromosome 12p13.33. We show that FOXM1 is co-amplified and co-expressed with RHNO1, a gene involved in the ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway that functions in the DNA replication stress response. We demonstrate that FOXM1 and RHNO1 are head-to-head (i.e., bidirectional) genes (BDG) regulated by a bidirectional promoter (BDP) (named F/R-BDP). FOXM1 and RHNO1 each promote oncogenic phenotypes in HGSC cells, including clonogenic growth, DNA homologous recombination repair, and poly-ADP ribosylase inhibitor resistance. FOXM1 and RHNO1 are one of the first examples of oncogenic BDG, and therapeutic targeting of FOXM1/RHNO1 BDG is a potential therapeutic approach for ovarian and other cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/metabolism
- Carboplatin/pharmacology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Checkpoint Kinase 1/genetics
- Checkpoint Kinase 1/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Recombinational DNA Repair
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter J Barger
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Linda Chee
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Mustafa Albahrani
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Catalina Munoz-Trujillo
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Lidia Boghean
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Connor Branick
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Immunology, and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloUnited States
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
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9
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Origgi FC, Otten P, Lohmann P, Sattler U, Wahli T, Lavazza A, Gaschen V, Stoffel MH. Herpesvirus-Associated Proliferative Skin Disease in Frogs and Toads: Proposed Pathogenesis. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:713-729. [PMID: 33813961 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211006385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study was carried out on common and agile frogs (Rana temporaria and R. dalmatina) naturally infected with ranid herpesvirus 3 (RaHV3) and common toads (Bufo bufo) naturally infected with bufonid herpesvirus 1 (BfHV1) to investigate common pathogenetic pathways and molecular mechanisms based on macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural pathology as well as evaluation of gene expression. Careful examination of the tissue changes, supported by in situ hybridization, at different stages of development in 6 frogs and 14 toads revealed that the skin lesions are likely transient, and part of a tissue cycle necessary for viral replication in the infected hosts. Transcriptomic analysis, carried out on 2 naturally infected and 2 naïve common frogs (Rana temporaria) and 2 naturally infected and 2 naïve common toads (Bufo bufo), revealed altered expression of genes involved in signaling and cell remodeling in diseased animals. Finally, virus transcriptomics revealed that both RaHV3 and BfHV1 had relatively high expression of a putative immunomodulating gene predicted to encode a decoy receptor for tumor necrosis factor in the skin of the infected hosts. Thus, the comparable lesions in infected frogs and toads appear to reflect a concerted epidermal and viral cycle, with presumptive involvement of signaling and gene remodeling host and immunomodulatory viral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Lavazza
- 18207Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emila Romagna, Brescia, Italy
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Curcio C, Brugiapaglia S, Bulfamante S, Follia L, Cappello P, Novelli F. The Glycolytic Pathway as a Target for Novel Onco-Immunology Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:1642. [PMID: 33804240 PMCID: PMC7998946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal forms of human cancer, characterized by unrestrained progression, invasiveness and treatment resistance. To date, there are limited curative options, with surgical resection as the only effective strategy, hence the urgent need to discover novel therapies. A platform of onco-immunology targets is represented by molecules that play a role in the reprogrammed cellular metabolism as one hallmark of cancer. Due to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), PDA cells display an altered glucose metabolism-resulting in its increased uptake-and a higher glycolytic rate, which leads to lactate accumulation and them acting as fuel for cancer cells. The consequent acidification of the TME results in immunosuppression, which impairs the antitumor immunity. This review analyzes the genetic background and the emerging glycolytic enzymes that are involved in tumor progression, development and metastasis, and how this represents feasible therapeutic targets to counteract PDA. In particular, as the overexpressed or mutated glycolytic enzymes stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses, we will discuss their possible exploitation as immunological targets in anti-PDA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Curcio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Brugiapaglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bulfamante
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Follia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Computer Science Department, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Shao M, Yang S, Dong S. High expression of MCM10 is predictive of poor outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10560. [PMID: 33604163 PMCID: PMC7866887 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Lung adenocarcinoma is a complex disease that results in over 1.8 million deaths a year. Recent advancements in treating and managing lung adenocarcinoma have led to modest decreases in associated mortality rates, owing in part to the multifactorial etiology of the disease. Novel prognostic biomarkers are needed to accurately stage the disease and act as the basis of adjuvant treatments. Material and Methods The microarray datasets GSE75037, GSE31210 and GSE32863 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma and therapy. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were performed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology (GO). Validation was performed based on 72 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues. Results Results showed that the DEGs were mainly focused on cell cycle and DNA replication initiation. Forty-one hub genes were identified and further analyzed by CytoScape. Here, we provide evidence which suggests MCM10 is a potential target with prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic value. We base this on an integrated approach of comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation using the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. We show that MCM10 overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis, while silencing of this gene decreases aberrant growth by 2-fold. Finally, evaluation of 72 clinical biopsy samples suggests that overexpression of MCM10 in the lung adenocarcinoma highly correlates with larger tumor size. Together, this work suggests that MCM10 may be a clinically relevant gene with both predictive and therapeutic value in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shize Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Wang Y, Zhong X, Zhou L, Lu J, Jiang B, Liu C, Guo J. Prognostic Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An Umbrella Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1466. [PMID: 33042793 PMCID: PMC7527774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) leads to the majority of cancer-related deaths due to its morbidity with similar mortality. Lack of effective prognostic biomarkers are the main reason for belated post-operative intervention of recurrence which causes high mortality. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have explored the prognostic value of biomarkers in PDAC so far. In this article, we performed an umbrella review analyzing these studies to provide an overview of associations between prognostic biomarkers and PDAC survival outcome and synthesized these results to guide better clinical practice. Methods: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the associations between PDAC survival outcomes and prognostic biomarkers were acquired via the PubMed and Embase databases from inception till February 1, 2020. Associations supported by nominally statistically significant results were classified into strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, and weak based on several critical factors such as the statistical significance of summary estimates, the number of events, the estimate of the largest study included, interstudy heterogeneity, small-study effects, 95% predictive interval (PI), excess significance bias, and the results of credibility ceiling sensitivity analyses. Results: We included 41 meta-analyses containing 63 associations between PDAC survival outcomes and prognostic biomarkers. Although, none was supported by strong evidence among these associations, an association between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) and PDAC overall survival (OS) and an association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and PDAC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence. Otherwise, the association between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and PDAC OS was supported by suggestive evidence. The remaining 60 associations were supported by weak or not suggestive evidence. Conclusion: Associations between CAR or NLR and PDAC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence. And the association between LDH and PDAC OS was supported by suggestive evidence. Although the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews and meta-analyses which were evaluated by AMSTAR2.0 is generally poor, the identification of the relatively robust prognostic biomarkers of PDAC may guide better post-operative intervention and follow-up to prolong patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Nie S, Lou L, Wang J, Cui J, Wu W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Su L, Chang Y, Guo W, Shen H, Xing L, Li Y. Expression, association with clinicopathological features and prognostic potential of CEP55, p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 in astrocytoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1685-1694. [PMID: 32724411 PMCID: PMC7377175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) is a member of the centrosomal-associated protein family and participates in the regulation of cytokinesis during cell mitosis. However, aberrant CEP55 protein expression has been observed in human tumors. In addition, CEP55 regulates the biological functions of tumors by inducing the Akt pathway and upregulating forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). In the present study, the levels, clinicopathological features and prognostic potential of CEP55, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), FoxM1 and MMP-2 in astrocytoma were evaluated. CEP55, p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 levels were examined in 27 normal brain tissues and 262 astrocytoma tissues by using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to predict the prognosis of patients with astrocytoma. The results indicated that expression levels of CEP55 and other proteins were elevated in human astrocytoma compared with those in normal brain tissue. The levels of the selected proteins were increased as the tumor grade increased. Furthermore, CEP55 expression was positively correlated with p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 levels in astrocytoma. Overall survival analysis revealed that patient prognosis was associated with CEP55, p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 levels, as well as with the tumor grade and patient age. Furthermore, CEP55, FoxM1, tumor grade and patient age were independent prognostic factors in astrocytoma according to multivariate analysis. Taken together, the present results suggested that CEP55, p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 have crucial roles in the progression and prognosis of human astrocytoma and that CEP55 and FoxM1 may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Nie
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lingrui Su
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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The DNMT1/miR-34a/FOXM1 Axis Contributes to Stemness of Liver Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:8978930. [PMID: 32308683 PMCID: PMC7142390 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8978930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Whether DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)/miR-34a/FoxM1 signaling promotes the stemness of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess whether methylation-based silencing of miR-34a by DNMT1 contributes to stemness features via FoxM1 upregulation in LCSCs. Methods The CD133+ subgroup of MHCC97H cells sorted by MACS was used as LCSCs. DNMT1, BMI1, SOX2, and OCT4 mRNA levels, and miR-34a amounts were determined by qRT-PCR. DNMT1, CD44, and FoxM1 proteins were analyzed by immunoblot. Sphere and colony formation abilities were detected by respective assays. CD133+ cell percentages were assessed by flow cytometry. In vivo oncogenicity was evaluated using a tumor xenograft model in mice. The effects of DNMT1/miR-34a signaling on the stemness of LCSCs were examined by knockdown or overexpression of DNMT1 and/or transfection of miR-34a mimic or inhibitor using lentivirus-delivery systems. FoxM1 association with miR-34a was detected by a reporter assay. Results We here showed that LCSCs exhibited elevated DNMT1 activity and expression, lower miR-34a expression with higher promoter methylation, and stronger stemness, compared with the parental liver cancer cells. DNMT1 knockdown repressed DNMT1, increased miR-34a amounts by promoter demethylation, and reduced stemness in LCSCs, whereas DNMT1 overexpression had the opposite effects in liver cancer cells. Transfection with miR-34a mimic repressed the stemness of LCSCs, while miR-34a inhibitor significantly downregulated miR-34a and enhanced stemness, without affecting DNMT1 in liver cancer cells. MiR-34a mimic rescued the effects of DNMT1 overexpression on the stemness of LCSCs, without affecting DNMT1 expression. Finally, FOXM1 was identified as a direct target by miR-34a in LCSCs. Conclusions We revealed that aberrant activation of DNMT1 causes miR-34a promoter methylation and suppression, leading to FoxM1 upregulation by disinhibition and promotion of LCSC stemness. These findings suggest that blockage of DNMT1/miR-34a-mediated FOXM1 upregulation might suppress liver cancer by targeting LCSCs.
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Higurashi M, Maruyama T, Nogami Y, Ishikawa F, Yoshida Y, Mori K, Fujita KI, Shibanuma M. High expression of FOXM1 critical for sustaining cell proliferation in mitochondrial DNA-less liver cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111889. [PMID: 32032602 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is decreased in most cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared to normal counterparts. However, a decrease in mtDNA usually leads to defects in cell proliferation, which contradicts the robustness of cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we found that four out of seven HCC cell lines were of the mtDNA-less type. Interestingly, FOXM1, a member of the FOX transcription factor family, was highly expressed in a subset of them with proliferative potential maintained. B-MYB, a partner of FOXM1, was also expressed in the same cell lines. RNAi-mediated experiments demonstrated that when FOXM1/B-MYB was silenced in the cell lines, cell cycle-related genes were downregulated, while p21Cip1 was induced with senescence-associated β-galactosidase, resulting in G1/S cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that high expression of FOXM1/B-MYB is critical for sustaining cell proliferation in mtDNA-less cells. In addition, we found that high expression of FOXM1 was mediated by the deubiquitinating enzyme, OTUB1, in one cell line. Thus, interference with FOXM1/B-MYB expression, such as through OTUB1 inhibition, may induce a dormant state of senescence-like proliferation arrest in mtDNA-less cancer cells. This finding may be utilized for the development of precision medicine for relevant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Higurashi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Maruyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nogami
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yoshida
- Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mori
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Motoko Shibanuma
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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Ai C, Zhang J, Lian S, Ma J, Győrffy B, Qian Z, Han Y, Feng Q. FOXM1 functions collaboratively with PLAU to promote gastric cancer progression. J Cancer 2020; 11:788-794. [PMID: 31949481 PMCID: PMC6959008 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main mortality cause worldwide. Previously, we found Forkhead box protein (FOXM1) or Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) are independent prognostic markers of GC. This study aims to explore the combining prognostic efficacy and the potential insights underlying additive effect of FOXM1 to PLAU in GC progression through in-silico analyses. Method: The expression of FOXM1 and PLAU were profiled in 33 cancer types using public data. A merged GC expression dataset containing 598 samples was used for evaluating prognostic significance of FOXM1/PLAU. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying FOXM1/PLAU promoted GC progression. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used for analyzing the association between FOXM1/PLAU and tumor immune infiltration. Genomic and proteomic differences between FOXM1+PLAU+ and FOXM1-PLAU- groups were also computed using TCGA GC data. Drugs targeting FOXM1/PLAU associated gene expression pattern was analyzed using LINCs database. Results: FOXM1 and PLAU are overexpressed in 17/33 cancer types including GC. Kaplan-Meier analyses indicate that the FOXM1+PLAU+ subgroup have the worst prognosis, while FOXM1-PLAU- subgroup have the best survival. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that FOXM1+PLAU+ associated genes are enriched in TGF-beta, DNA repair and drug resistance signaling pathways; FOXM1 and PLAU expression are negatively correlated with tumor immune infiltration. Genomic and proteomic differences between FOXM1+PLAU+ and FOXM1-PLAU- groups were presented. Data mining from LINCs suggested several chemicals or drugs that could target the gene expression pattern of FOXM1+PLAU+ patients. Conclusion: FOXM1+PLAU+ can serve as effective prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for GC. Due to the additive effect of these two genes, screening for drugs or chemicals that targeting the expression patterns PLAU+FOXM1+ subgroup may exert important clinical impact on GC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P. R. China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shenyi Lian
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary; Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Zhenyuan Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Han
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
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Yin H, Zhang C, Gou X, He W, Gan D. Identification of a 13‑mRNA signature for predicting disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:379-394. [PMID: 31894276 PMCID: PMC6967157 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no reliable criteria to assess risk of progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer to muscle invasive bladder cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify potential markers based on gene expression profiling to improve predictive power of disease progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. In the present study, we screened seventy-three differentially expressed genes by analyzing bladder cancer samples with or without progression. Forty-seven prognosis-related genes were screened, 13 of which were identified to build a progression-associated gene signature using the LASSO regression method. Based on this 13-mRNA signature, patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups, with different prognostic outcomes. The gene signature was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that the signature performed well in the validation cohort and its predictive power outperformed other several published signatures. CTHRC1, MMP11, AEBP1, SNCAIP, COL1A1 and S100A8 were identified as hub genes and their expression levels were detected using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of CTHRC1 was elevated in aggressive bladder cancer compared with non-invasive type, which suggests CTHRC1 may be a valuable biomarker for prediction of prognosis and progression of bladder cancer. Collectively, this 13-mRNA signature may be useful in predicting disease progression and prognosis, thereby contributing to individualized management of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubin Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and 4The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Daoju Gan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Liang J, Liu Z, Wei X, Zhou L, Tang Y, Zhou C, Wu K, Zhang F, Zhang F, Lu Y, Zhu Y. Expression of FSCN1 and FOXM1 are associated with poor prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1165. [PMID: 31783819 PMCID: PMC6884893 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant endocrine tumour. Due to a high tumour recurrence rate, the post-operative overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of ACCs is limited. Our research aims to identify the role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes FSCN1 and FOXM1 in the tumour microenvironment and assess their prognostic value in ACCs. Methods Clinical and specimen data from 130 adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients was acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 79) and a West China Hospital (WCH) cohort (n = 51). In the WCH cohort, archived formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples were collected for immunohistochemical analysis. The correlation between the EMT genes and the tumour microenvironment status was estimated based on the Tumour Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) algorithm. Kaplan-Meier analysis, followed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses, were performed to identify the prognostic association of FSCN1 and FOXM1. Results FSCN1 and FOXM1 were over-expressed in ACC tissue when compared with adrenocortical adenoma and normal adrenal tissue. Over-expression of FSCN1 or FOXM1 was associated with the tumour microenvironment and immune signatures in ACCs. Patients with higher expression of FSCN1 or FOXM1 were more likely to have worse prognoses. The prognostic effects were further verified in both early (stage I/II) and advanced (stage III/IV) ACCs. Furthermore, FSCN1 and FOXM1 appeared as independent prognostic factors in ACC. Conclusions These results show that FSCN1 and FOXM1 are independent prognostic factors in ACCs and over-expression of FSCN1 or FOXM1 indicates a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liang
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongquan Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kan Wu
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuxun Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuchun Zhu
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhou C, Zhong X, Song Y, Shi J, Wu Z, Guo Z, Sun J, Wang Z. Prognostic Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review of the Evidence. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1321. [PMID: 31850212 PMCID: PMC6895018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers are biological molecules entirely or partially participating in cancerous processes that function as measurable indicators of abnormal changes in the human body microenvironment. Aiming to provide an overview of associations between prognostic biomarkers and gastric cancer (GC), we performed this umbrella review analyzing currently available meta-analyses and grading the evidence depending on the credibility of their associations. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent investigators of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Databases to identify meta-analyses investigating associations between prognostic biomarkers and GC. The strength of evidence for prognostic biomarkers for GC were categorized into four grades: strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, and weak. Results: Among 120 associations between prognostic biomarkers and GC survival outcomes, only one association, namely the association between platelet count and GC OS, was supported by strong evidence. Associations between FITC, CEA, NLR, foxp3+ Treg lymphocytes (both 1- and 3-year OS), CA 19-9, or VEGF and GC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence. Four associations were considered suggestive and the remaining 108 associations were supported by weak or not suggestive evidence. Discussion: The association between platelet count and GC OS was supported by strong evidence. Associations between FITC, CEA, NLR, foxp3+ Treg lymphocytes (both 1- and 3-year OS), CA 19-9, or VEGF and GC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence, however, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to inadequate methodological quality as deemed by AMSTAR 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhexu Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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De Bastiani MA, Klamt F. Integrated transcriptomics reveals master regulators of lung adenocarcinoma and novel repositioning of drug candidates. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6717-6729. [PMID: 31503425 PMCID: PMC6825976 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma is the major cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Given this, the importance of research on its pathophysiology and therapy remains a key health issue. To assist in this endeavor, recent oncology studies are adopting Systems Biology approaches and bioinformatics to analyze and understand omics data, bringing new insights about this disease and its treatment. METHODS We used reverse engineering of transcriptomic data to reconstruct nontumorous lung reference networks, focusing on transcription factors (TFs) and their inferred target genes, referred as regulatory units or regulons. Afterwards, we used 13 case-control studies to identify TFs acting as master regulators of the disease and their regulatory units. Furthermore, the inferred activation patterns of regulons were used to evaluate patient survival and search drug candidates for repositioning. RESULTS The regulatory units under the influence of ATOH8, DACH1, EPAS1, ETV5, FOXA2, FOXM1, HOXA4, SMAD6, and UHRF1 transcription factors were consistently associated with the pathological phenotype, suggesting that they may be master regulators of lung adenocarcinoma. We also observed that the inferred activity of FOXA2, FOXM1, and UHRF1 was significantly associated with risk of death in patients. Finally, we obtained deptropine, promazine, valproic acid, azacyclonol, methotrexate, and ChemBridge ID compound 5109870 as potential candidates to revert the molecular profile leading to decreased survival. CONCLUSION Using an integrated transcriptomics approach, we identified master regulator candidates involved with the development and prognostic of lung adenocarcinoma, as well as potential drugs for repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio De Bastiani
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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21
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Song Z, Li J, Zhang L, Deng J, Fang Z, Xiang X, Xiong J. UCHL3 promotes pancreatic cancer progression and chemo-resistance through FOXM1 stabilization. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1970-1981. [PMID: 31598398 PMCID: PMC6780670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of deubiquitinating enzymes has been reported to be important in the development of many human cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However, the precise role and potential mechanism of action of the deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL3 in pancreatic cancer progression and chemo-resistance, are poorly elucidated. In the current study, the consequences of UCHL3 knockdown in pancreatic cancer cells were evaluated via cell viability and colony formation assays. In vivo experiments were also conducted to confirm the effect of UCHL3 and FOXM1 depletion on tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft models. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and in vitro deubiquitination assays were performed to investigate the interactions between UCHL3 and FOXM1. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was utilized to examine the expression of UCHL3 and FOXM1 in pancreatic cancer tissues. Our results demonstrate that UCHL3 deubiquitinated and stabilized FOXM1, thereby potentiating proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of UCHL3 increased FOXM1 ubiquitination, which enhanced FOXM1 turnover and promoted pancreatic cancer cells' sensitivity to gemcitabine. High UCHL3 expression was positively associated with FOXM1 expression level in pancreatic cancer patient samples. Collectively, our study established the UCHL3-FOXM1 axis as a pivotal driver of pancreatic cancer progression and gemcitabine resistance and provided evidence for the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting the UCHL3-FOXM1 axis for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwang Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziling Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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22
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Xie S, Jiang X, Zhang J, Xie S, Hua Y, Wang R, Yang Y. Identification of significant gene and pathways involved in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7408. [PMID: 31392101 PMCID: PMC6677124 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor affecting the digestive system and causes serious financial burden worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main causative agent of HCC in China. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying HBV-related HCC and to identify core biomarkers by integrated bioinformatics analyses. Methods In the present study, HBV-related HCC GSE19665, GSE55092, GSE94660 and GSE121248 expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. These databases contain data for 299 samples, including 145 HBV-related HCC tissues and 154 non-cancerous tissues (from patients with chronic hepatitis B). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from each dataset were integrated and analyzed using the RobustRankAggreg (RRA) method and R software, and the integrated DEGs were identified. Subsequently, the gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using the DAVID online tool, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and visualized using Cytoscape software. Finally, hub genes were identified, and the cBioPortal online platform was used to analyze the association between the expression of hub genes and prognosis in HCC. Results First, 341 DEGs (117 upregulated and 224 downregulated) were identified from the four datasets. Next, GO analysis showed that the upregulated genes were mainly involved in cell cycle, mitotic spindle, and adenosine triphosphate binding. The majority of the downregulated genes were involved in oxidation reduction, extracellular region, and electron carrier activity. Signaling pathway analysis showed that the integrated DEGs shared common pathways in retinol metabolism, drug metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. The integrated DEG PPI network complex comprised 288 nodes, and two important modules with high degree were detected using the MCODE plug-in. The top ten hub genes identified from the PPI network were SHCBP1, FOXM1, KIF4A, ANLN, KIF15, KIF18A, FANCI, NEK2, ECT2, and RAD51AP1. Finally, survival analysis revealed that patients with HCC showing altered ANLN and KIF18A expression profiles showed worse disease-free survival. Nonetheless, patients with FOXM1, NEK2, RAD51AP1, ANLN, and KIF18A alterations showed worse overall survival. Conclusions The present study identified key genes and pathways involved in HBV-related HCC, which improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development and recurrence of HCC and identified candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xili Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province/Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yongyong Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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23
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Zhao MZ, Ruan QR, Xing MY, Wei S, Xu D, Wu ZH, Zhu L, Zhu JL, Zheng CF, Liu S, Yu ZJ, Qi JY, Song JX. A Diagnostic Tool for Identification of Etiologies of Fever of Unknown Origin in Adult Patients. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:589-596. [PMID: 31346995 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of fever of unknown origin (FUO) are huge challenges to clinicians. Separating the etiologies of FUO into infectious and non-infectious disease is conducive to clinical physicians not only on making decisions rapidly concerning the prescription of suitable antibiotics but also on further analysis of the final diagnosis. In order to develop and validate a diagnostic tool to efficiently distinguish the etiologies of adult FUO patients as infectious or non-infectious disease, FUO patients from the departments of infectious disease and internal medicine in three Chinese tertiary hospitals were enrolled retrospectively and prospectively. By using polynomial logistic regression analysis, the diagnostic formula and the associated scoring system were developed. The variables included in this diagnostic formula were from clinical evaluations and common laboratory examinations. The proposed tool could discriminate infectious and non-infectious causes of FUO with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83, sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.75. This diagnosis tool could predict the infectious and non-infectious causes of FUO in the validation cohort with an AUC of 0.79, sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.70. The results suggested that this diagnostic tool could be a reliable tool to discriminate between infectious and non-infectious causes of FUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Zhi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiu-Rong Ruan
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming-You Xing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhu-Hua Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ji-Ling Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cai-Feng Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun-Ying Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Xin Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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24
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Wang L, Liu Y, Yu G. Avasimibe inhibits tumor growth by targeting FoxM1-AKR1C1 in osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:815-823. [PMID: 30774369 PMCID: PMC6353227 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s165647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare bone tumor with a high propensity for lung metastasis and poor patient outcomes. It is crucial to identify novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers. Patients and methods ARK1C1 staining was detected in OS specimens, and its clinical significance was assessed. A potential AKR1C1 inhibitor, avasimibe, was used to target AKR1C1. Results High expression of AKR1C1 was observed in OS and was associated with poor outcomes for patients with OS. Avasimibe was found to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth by reducing the expression of AKR1C1 and FoxM1 in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion These findings indicate that AKR1C1 is a promising prognostic factor and may serve as a novel therapeutic target of avasimibe for human OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,
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25
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Kim MY, Jung AR, Kim GE, Yang J, Ha US, Hong SH, Choi YJ, Moon MH, Kim SW, Lee JY, Park YH. High FOXM1 expression is a prognostic marker for poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:749-756. [PMID: 30719174 PMCID: PMC6360432 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the expression of FOXM1 and to determine the relationships between FOXM1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with PCa. Furthermore, we reconfirmed the prognostic impact of FOXM1 in different cohorts using already published data. Patients and Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were collected from patients with low- (n=17), intermediate- (n=36), and high-risk (n=29) disease, from patients with CRPC (n=2) and from patients with BPH (n=28). To analyze FOXM1 expression, we performed IHC analyses. Also, we analyzed gene expression data from cBioPortal to evaluate the associations between FOXM1 alteration and prognosis of PCa. Results: FOXM1 expression measured using Allred score differed between patients with BPH, and low-, intermediate-, and high-risk PCa (0.3, 1.5, 4.8, and 6.2, respectively; p<0.001). Patients with high FOXM1 expression had higher preoperative PSA levels (p=0.023), more advanced tumor stages (p=0.047), and higher pathologic Gleason score (p<0.001) than those with low FOXM1 expression. ROC curve analysis indicated that FOXM1 expression was a useful marker for discriminating PCa from BPH (AUC 0.851, 95% CI 0.783-0.920) and for discriminating high-risk PCa from low- and intermediate-risk PCa (AUC 0.807, 95% CI 0.719-0.894). In multivariate analyses, high FOXM1 expression was an independent predictor of BCR. Finally, in the TCGA dataset, FOXM1 alteration was associated with poor overall (p=4.521e-4) and disease-free survival (p=0.0108). Conclusions: In patients with PCa, high FOXM1 expression was associated with advanced tumor stages, high Gleason score, and poor prognosis. These data suggest a role of FOXM1 in biologically and clinically aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Young Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ae Ryang Jung
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ga Eun Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jonghyup Yang
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - U-Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Mi Hyoung Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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Cao J, Li J, Sun L, Qin T, Xiao Y, Chen K, Qian W, Duan W, Lei J, Ma J, Ma Q, Han L. Hypoxia-driven paracrine osteopontin/integrin αvβ3 signaling promotes pancreatic cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like properties by modulating forkhead box protein M1. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:228-245. [PMID: 30367545 PMCID: PMC6360359 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), a key component of the tumor microenvironment, contribute to tumor invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Osteopontin (OPN), a phosphorylated glycoprotein, is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. However, OPN expression in PSCs and its potential roles in tumor–stroma interactions remain unclear. The present study first showed that OPN is highly expressed and secreted in activated PSCs driven by hypoxia, and this process is in a ROS‐dependent manner; in addition, OPN was shown to be involved in the PSC‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC)‐like properties of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Mechanistically, OPN from activated PSCs interacts with the transmembrane receptor integrin αvβ3 on PCCs to upregulate forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) expression and induce malignant phenotypes of PCCs. Moreover, the Akt and Erk pathways participate in OPN/integrin αvβ3 axis‐induced FOXM1 expression of PCCs. Our further analysis showed that OPN and FOXM1 are significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and are associated with poor clinical outcome, indicating that OPN and FOXM1 might be considered as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patients with pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, we show here for the first time that OPN promotes the EMT and CSC‐like properties of PCCs by activating the integrin αvβ3‐Akt/Erk‐FOXM1 cascade in a paracrine manner, suggesting that targeting the tumor microenvironment represents a promising therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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27
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Shen S, Kong J, Qiu Y, Yang X, Wang W, Yan L. Identification of core genes and outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10069-10081. [PMID: 30525236 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant liver disease in the world. However, the mechanistic relationships among various genes and signaling pathways are still largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate potential core candidate genes and pathways in HCC. The expression profiles GSE14520, GSE25097, GSE29721, and GSE62232, which cover 606 tumor and 550 nontumour samples, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Furthermore, HCC RNA-seq datasets were also downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered using R software, and we performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis using the online databases DAVID 6.8 and KOBAS 3.0. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network complex of these DEGs was constructed by Cytoscape software, the molecular complex detection (MCODE) plug-in and the online database STRING. First, a total of 173 DEGs (41 upregulated and 132 downregulated) were identified that were aberrantly expressed in both the GEO and TCGA datasets. Second, GO analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in extracellular exosomes, cytosol, extracellular region, and extracellular space. Signaling pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs had common pathways in metabolism-related pathways, cell cycle, and biological oxidations. Third, 146 nodes were identified from the DEG PPI network complex, and two important modules with a high degree were detected using the MCODE plug-in. In addition, 10 core genes were identified, TOP2A, NDC80, FOXM1, HMMR, KNTC1, PTTG1, FEN1, RFC4, SMC4, and PRC1. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival and correlation analysis were applied to these genes. The abovementioned findings indicate that the identified core genes and pathways in this bioinformatics analysis could significantly enrich our understanding of the development and recurrence of HCC; furthermore, these candidate genes and pathways could be therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Kong
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianwei Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lvnan Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yao Y, Wang X, Jiang L, Shao X, Zhu X, He S. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of FoxM1 expression in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13899. [PMID: 30593202 PMCID: PMC6314739 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to assess the relationship between FoxM1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) by summarizing the studies included. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and other sources were searched for relative studies. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were used to assess association between FoxM1 expression and clinical parameters and prognosis of CRC patients. RESULTS Eight studies were included in the final analysis, with 1149 CRC patients. The outcome revealed that expression of FoxM1 was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.19-0.62, P < .001), distant metastasis (OR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.24-0.46, P < .001) and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (OR = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.29-0.72, P < .001). Meanwhile, reduced FoxM1 expression indicated higher 5-year survival rate (OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.18-0.78, P = .01). Expression of FoxM1 was also increased obviously in CRC tissues (OR = 13.04, 95%CI = 4.07-41.71, P < .001). CONCLUSION This pooled analysis indicated that FoxM1 expression related to lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage and poor prognosis of the CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Linhua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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Breyer J, Wirtz RM, Erben P, Rinaldetti S, Worst TS, Stoehr R, Eckstein M, Sikic D, Denzinger S, Burger M, Hartmann A, Otto W. FOXM1 overexpression is associated with adverse outcome and predicts response to intravesical instillation therapy in stage pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int 2018; 123:187-196. [PMID: 30120861 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) mRNA expression and its prognostic value in stage pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from transurethral resection of the bladder from patients with stage pT1 NMIBC, treated with an organ-preserving approach, were analysed retrospectively. Total RNA was isolated using commercial RNA extraction kits, and mRNA expression of FOXM1, MKI67, KRT20 and KRT5 was measured by single-step quantitative RT-PCR using RNA-specific TaqMan Assays. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's Rho, Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis tests, Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence-free (RFS), progression-free (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Data from 296 patients (79.4% men, median age 72 years) were available for the final evaluation. Spearman correlation analysis showed that mRNA expression of FOXM1 was significantly correlated with MKI67 (ρ: 0.6530, P < 0.001) and with the luminal subtype, reflected by the positive correlation with KRT20 (ρ: 0.2113, P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was also a strong correlation of FOXM1 expression with adverse clinical and pathological variables, such as concomitant carcinoma in situ (P = 0.05), multifocal tumours (P = 0.005) and World Health Organization 1973 grade 3 disease (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed overexpression of FOMX1 to be associated with worse PFS (P = 0.028) and worse CSS (P = 0.015). FOXM1 overexpression was also shown to be a predictive risk factor for CSS (hazard ratio 1.61 [1.13-2.34], L-R chi-squared: 7.19, P = 0.007). FOXM1 overexpression identified a subgroup of patients within the luminal subtype with worse RFS (P = 0.017), PFS (P < 0.001) and CSS (P = 0.015). Patients with low FOXM1 expression had better outcomes, irrespective of instillation therapy, whereas patients with high FOXM1 expression benefitted from intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C. CONCLUSION High FOXM1 expression was associated with adverse clinical and pathological features and worse outcomes, and predicted response to intravesical instillation therapy in patients with stage pT1 NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, St Elisabeth Hospital Köln-Hohenlind, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastien Rinaldetti
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas S Worst
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danijel Sikic
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Denzinger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Rinaldetti S, Wirtz R, Worst TS, Hartmann A, Breyer J, Dyrskjot L, Erben P. FOXM1 predicts disease progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1701-1709. [PMID: 29959570 PMCID: PMC6096766 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The proto-oncogene forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is associated with poor survival in many cancers. The impact of FOXM1 expression on progression-free survival (PFS) of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has not yet been investigated. The differential expression of FOXM1 between the different molecular NMIBC subtypes has further been assessed. Methods Transcript levels of FOXM1 and MKI67 were determined in 460 NMIBC patients (UROMOL cohort) by RNA-Seq and validated in silico by the Chungbuk and Lund cohort (n = 277). FOXM1 and MKI67 cutoffs were identified by the minimal p value method. Variables were evaluated by multivariable Cox regression analyses in order to identify independent predictors. Results FOXM1 is an independent predictor for PFS superior to current histological, clinical and molecular staging methods. Patients with high FOXM1 expression have a 6- to 8-fold higher risk of progression in multivariable analysis (p < 0.03). Highest transcript levels were found in the Class 2 and genomically unstable molecular NMIBC subtype (p < 0.03). The proto-oncogene further positively correlated with tumor grade and stage. NMIBCs with high FOXM1 expression showed a PFS advantage when treated with intravesical BCG instillation. Conclusion FOXM1 is a highly prognostic marker for disease progression of NMIBC superior to current histological, clinical and molecular staging methods and MKI67. It is mainly expressed in the Class 2 and genomically unstable molecular bladder cancer subtypes. Its role in drug resistance development makes FOXM1 valuable biomarker for NMIBC risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Rinaldetti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Ralph Wirtz
- Stratifyer Molecular Pathology, Werthmannstraße 1, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Stefan Worst
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars Dyrskjot
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Liang C, Zhao J, Ge H, Li G, Wu J. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of FoxM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3561-3571. [PMID: 29950861 PMCID: PMC6016270 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Recently, the abnormal expression of FoxM1 has been found in many malignant tumors. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of FoxM1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to establish the relationship between FoxM1 expression and the clinicopathological features and prognostic value in patients with HCC. Methods An electronic search for relevant articles was conducted according to a set of criteria in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese CNKI and Chinese WanFang databases. The correlation data between FoxM1 expression and clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were analyzed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using STATA14.2. Results A total of 14 studies comprising of 2,036 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The results showed that FoxM1 expression was related to the incidence, tumor size (>5 cm), vascular invasion, differentiation and TNM stage. Moreover, overexpression of FoxM1 indicated a poor 3- and 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and recurrence-free survival rate (disease-free survival rate). Conclusion Our meta-analysis indicated that FoxM1 expression was associated with incidence, tumor size (>5 cm), vascular invasion, differentiation and TNM stage. Accordingly, FoxM1 may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC. However, additional high-quality studies are still needed to further support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Department of Tumor Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
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Zhang Y, Qiao WB, Shan L. Expression and functional characterization of FOXM1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3385-3393. [PMID: 29928129 PMCID: PMC6001838 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s162523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives FOXM1 is a key member of the FOX transcription factor family, which plays a vital role in a series of physiological processes. In the present study, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and cell lines were studied to explore the correlation between FOXM1 expression and this malignancy. Materials and methods The expression status of FOXM1 was detected in 128 cases of NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines. The relationship of FOXM1 expression and clinicopathological features of NSCLC patients was evaluated by us. In addition, we also explored the biological functions of FOXM1 in NSCLC cell lines. Results The FOXM1 is highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. FOXM1 expression was closely correlated with lymph node status and TNM stage. Cox regression analysis were performed to demonstrate the prognosis role of FOXM1. Conclusion FOXM1 conferred a proliferation and invasion advantage to NSCLC cell. The FOXM1 can be regarded as an important molecular marker in NSCLC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Xiao Z, Jia Y, Jiang W, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Gao Y. FOXM1: A potential indicator to predict lymphatic metastatic recurrence in stage IIA esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:997-1004. [PMID: 29877046 PMCID: PMC6068428 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have elucidated that FOXM1 may predict poor prognosis in patients with multiple solid malignant tumors. In this study we explored the differential expression of FOXM1 in stage IIA esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and investigated its prognostic value. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot were used to detect FOXM1 expression in ESCC. Correlations between FOXM1 expression and clinicopathological variables, and five-year lymphatic metastatic recurrence (LMR) and overall survival (OS) of patients were analyzed. RESULTS FOXM1 was aberrantly expressed in ESCC. Statistical analysis revealed a close relationship between FOXM1 expression and tumor size (P = 0.024), depth of invasion (P = 0.048), and degree of differentiation (P = 0.043). The five-year LMR of patients in the FOXM1 overexpression group was significantly increased compared to the low expression group (P = 0.001). The five-year OS of patients in the FOXM1 overexpression group was significantly reduced compared to the low expression group (P = 0.007). Log-rank tests demonstrated that large tumor size (P = 0.044), poor differentiation degree (P = 0.005), deep invasion (P = 0.000), and FOXM1 overexpression (P = 0.007) may indicate poor prognosis in stage IIA ESCC. Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that all of these variables were independent predictors of unfavorable outcome (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION FOXM1 could be a predictor of lymphatic metastatic recurrence in stage IIA ESCC after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenpeng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jining Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jining, China
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Lee JH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Jung JH, Kim KR, Kim SH. Apoptotic effect of lambertianic acid through AMPK/FOXM1 signaling in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1755-1763. [PMID: 29722086 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Though lambertianic acid (LA) was known to exert antitumor effect in liver and prostate cancers, its underlying anticancer mechanism is never reported in breast cancers so far. Thus, in this study, apoptotic mechanism of LA was elucidated in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, LA increased cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells; enhanced sub-G1 population, G2/M arrest, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; activated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase pathway; and also suppressed phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, B-cell lymphoma 2, and CyclinB1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, AMPK inhibitor compound C reversed the effect of LA on FOXM1, Cyclin B1, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, immunoprecipitation revealed that LA disturbed the direct binding of AKT and FOXM1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, these findings suggest that LA-induced apoptosis is mediated via activation of AMPK and inhibition of AKT/FOXM1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ka Ram Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
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Phase I Study of Multiple Epitope Peptide Vaccination in Patients With Recurrent or Persistent Cervical Cancer. J Immunother 2018; 41:201-207. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Rinaldetti S, Wirtz RM, Worst TS, Eckstein M, Weiss CA, Breyer J, Otto W, Bolenz C, Hartmann A, Erben P. FOXM1 predicts overall and disease specific survival in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma and presents a differential expression between bladder cancer subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47595-47606. [PMID: 28498805 PMCID: PMC5564590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a late cell cycle gene that plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. In this study, the impact of FOXM1 expression on patient outcome was investigated for the first time in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of chemotherapy naïve muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. Expression analyses were performed on the Mannheim cohort (n=84) and validated on the independent Chungbuk cohort (n=61). In a Cox’ proportional hazards model, a distinct FOXM1 expression cut-off dividing both cohorts in a ‘high-risk’ and ‘low-risk’ group has been determined. Multivariate analyses showed that FOXM1 is an independent risk factor for outcome prediction superior to the TNM system. The FOXM1 ‘high-risk’ group had a 4- to 7-fold increased risk of death (p<0.03) and presented further an overexpression of MKI67. Recent studies showed that MIBCs can be subclassified in breast cancer-like subtypes: basal, luminal and p53-like. Here we demonstrated that FOXM1 was differentially expressed between MIBC subtypes concordant to its subtype specific expression in breast cancer. Since the proto-oncogene FOXM1 is known to play an important role in cisplatin resistance and to be a promising drug target, this study supports FOXM1 as a crucial biomarker in the personalization of MIBC therapy and urges prospective translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Rinaldetti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Stefan Worst
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cleo Aaron Weiss
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Yes-associated protein (YAP) in pancreatic cancer: at the epicenter of a targetable signaling network associated with patient survival. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:11. [PMID: 29682330 PMCID: PMC5908807 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-017-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is generally a fatal disease with no efficacious treatment modalities. Elucidation of signaling mechanisms that will lead to the identification of novel targets for therapy and chemoprevention is urgently needed. Here, we review the role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW-domain-containing Transcriptional co-Activator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in the development of PDAC. These oncogenic proteins are at the center of a signaling network that involves multiple upstream signals and downstream YAP-regulated genes. We also discuss the clinical significance of the YAP signaling network in PDAC using a recently published interactive open-access database (www.proteinatlas.org/pathology) that allows genome-wide exploration of the impact of individual proteins on survival outcomes. Multiple YAP/TEAD-regulated genes, including AJUBA, ANLN, AREG, ARHGAP29, AURKA, BUB1, CCND1, CDK6, CXCL5, EDN2, DKK1, FOSL1,FOXM1, HBEGF, IGFBP2, JAG1, NOTCH2, RHAMM, RRM2, SERP1, and ZWILCH, are associated with unfavorable survival of PDAC patients. Similarly, components of AP-1 that synergize with YAP (FOSL1), growth factors (TGFα, EPEG, and HBEGF), a specific integrin (ITGA2), heptahelical receptors (P2Y2R, GPR87) and an inhibitor of the Hippo pathway (MUC1), all of which stimulate YAP activity, are associated with unfavorable survival of PDAC patients. By contrast, YAP inhibitory pathways (STRAD/LKB-1/AMPK, PKA/LATS, and TSC/mTORC1) indicate a favorable prognosis. These associations emphasize that the YAP signaling network correlates with poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. We conclude that the YAP pathway is a major determinant of clinical aggressiveness in PDAC patients and a target for therapeutic and preventive strategies in this disease. Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling contributes to pancreatic cancer progression and is associated with poor patient survival. Previous studies have shown that YAP activates genes involved in cell proliferation to incite tumor growth and metastasis. Enrique Rozengurt and colleagues at University of California Los Angeles review the latest knowledge on YAP signaling and used the open access database The Human Protein Atlas to analyze the gene expression profile and prognosis of 176 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Activation of upstream or downstream elements of the YAP signaling pathway correlated with shorter survival in patients. Conversely, the activation of signaling pathways that oppose YAP signaling were associated with a more favorable prognosis. These findings highlight YAP signaling pathway components as both prognostic markers and potential targets for developing much needed therapeutic and preventative strategies.
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Lu XF, Zeng D, Liang WQ, Chen CF, Sun SM, Lin HY. FoxM1 is a promising candidate target in the treatment of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:842-852. [PMID: 29416660 PMCID: PMC5787517 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein M1(FoxM1) is a member of forkhead superfamily transcription factors. Emerging evidences have progressively contributed to our understanding on a central role of FoxM1 in human cancers. However, perspectives on the function of FoxM1 in breast cancer (BC) remain conflicting, and mostly were from basic research. Here, we explored the expression profile and prognostic values of FoxM1 based on analysis of pooled clinical datasets derived from online accessible databases, including ONCOMINE, Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.0, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. It was found that, FoxM1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in breast tumor versus normal control. FoxM1expression profile presented a distinct pattern in different molecular subtypes of BC patients. Higher expression of FoxM1 was correlated to low mRNA expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), and was inversely associated with the expression of classical luminal regulators forkhead box protein A1 (FoxA1) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). Elevated FoxM1 expression predicted shorter distance metastasis free survival (DMFS) in BC patients, particularly with estrogen receptor (ER) positive and Luminal A, Luminal B subtypes of BC. More interestingly, elevated FoxM1 expression predicted poor survival in breast cancer patients, especially in the ER (+), progesterone receptor (PR) (+) subgroups and BC patients received adjuvant chemotherapy only or treated with tamoxifen only. These results implied that FoxM1 is an essential prognostic factor and promising candidate target in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - De Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei-Quan Liang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chun-Fa Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shu-Ming Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hao-Yu Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Abdeljaoued S, Bettaieb L, Nasri M, Adouni O, Goucha A, Bouzaiene H, Boussen H, Rahal K, Gamoudi A. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression predicts disease free survival and may mediate resistance to chemotherapy and hormonotherapy in male breast cancer. Breast Dis 2018; 37:109-114. [PMID: 29504520 DOI: 10.3233/bd-170315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and neglected disease. Prognostic and predictive factors in MBC are extrapoled from trials conducted on its female counterpart. OBJECTIVE Since the relationship between the transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression and the clinical response to chemotherapy and hormonotherapy in MBC remains unknown, we sought to investigate the predictive value of FOXM1 in MBC. METHODS FOXM1 expression was assessed in 130 MBC cases. Clinical significance was analyzed by Kaplan Meier curves, log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Patients with high FOXM1 expression had a significantly lower response rate to chemotherapy (P = 0.045) and hormonotherapy (P = 0.029) than those with low FOXM1 expression. Multivariate analyses indicated that FOXM1 was an independent prognostic factor for disease free survival in MBC patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FOXM1 may have a reliable predictive significance in male breast cancer and thus may become an important target for male breast cancer therapy in the near future.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Association Studies
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Tamoxifen/therapeutic use
- Tunisia
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Abdeljaoued
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lhem Bettaieb
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meher Nasri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Adouni
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aida Goucha
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Bouzaiene
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Boussen
- Department of Oncology, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Rahal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amor Gamoudi
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
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Yue Z, Si T, Pan Z, Cao W, Yan Z, Jiang Z, Ouyang H. Sophoridine suppresses cell growth in human medulloblastoma through FoxM1, NF-κB and AP-1. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7941-7946. [PMID: 29344238 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sophoridine is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora alopecuroides that has extensive pharmacological actions. In the present study, the effect of sophoridine on cell growth of human medulloblastoma and its mechanism were investigated. Human medulloblastoma D283-Med cells were incubated with 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/ml sophoridine for 24, 48 or 72 h. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were analyzed using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Next, analyses of cell apoptosis and caspase-3/8 activity were performed using flow cytometry or spectrophotometry, respectively. Lastly, the change in FoxM1, TrkB, BDNF, NF-κB and AP-1 expression was investigated using western blot analysis. In the present study, treatment with sophoridine significantly suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cells. In addition, sophoridine significantly increased cytotoxicity and caspase-3/8 activity in human medulloblastoma. Finally, it was found that sophoridine suppresses the protein expression of FoxM1, TrkB, BDNF NF-κB and AP-1 in human medulloblastoma cells. The present study suggests that sophoridine suppresses cell growth of human medulloblastoma through the inhibition of the FoxM1, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensong Yue
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Tongguo Si
- Department of Invasive Technology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhanyu Pan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhuchen Yan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhansheng Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Huaqiang Ouyang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Hamurcu Z, Kahraman N, Ashour A, Ozpolat B. FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates expression of integrin β1 in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:485-493. [PMID: 28361350 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer and associated with early metastasis, drug resistance, and poor patient survival. Fork head box M1 (FOXM1) is considered as an emerging molecular target due to its oncogenic role and high overexpression profile in 85% in TNBC. However, molecular mechanisms by which FOXM1 transcription factor mediate its oncogenic effects are not fully understood. Integrin β1 is often upregulated in invasive breast cancers and associated with poor clinical outcome and shorter overall patient survival in TNBC. However, the mechanisms regulating integrin β1 (ITGB1) gene expression have not been well elucidated. METHODS Normal breast epithelium (MCF10A) and TNBC cells (i.e., MDA-MB-231, BT-20 MDA-MB436) were used for the study. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown was used to inhibit Integrin β1 gene (mRNA) and protein expressions, which are detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) and gene reporter (Luciferase) assays were used to demonstrate that FOXM1 transcription factor binds to the promoter of Integrin β1 gene and drives its expression. RESULTS We demonstrated that FOXM1 directly binds to the promoter of integrin β1 gene and transcriptionally regulates its expression and activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in TNBC cells. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that FOXM1 transcription factor regulates Integrin β1 gene expression and that FOXM1/ Integrin-β1/FAK axis may play an important role in the progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nermin Kahraman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Yang H, Zhang X, Cai XY, Wen DY, Ye ZH, Liang L, Zhang L, Wang HL, Chen G, Feng ZB. From big data to diagnosis and prognosis: gene expression signatures in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3089. [PMID: 28316892 PMCID: PMC5354077 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for the overwhelming majority of primary liver cancers and its belated diagnosis and poor prognosis call for novel biomarkers to be discovered, which, in the era of big data, innovative bioinformatics and computational techniques can prove to be highly helpful in. Methods Big data aggregated from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Natural Language Processing were integrated to generate differentially expressed genes. Relevant signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes went through Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Panther pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network. The pathway ranked high in the enrichment analysis was further investigated, and selected genes with top priority were evaluated and assessed in terms of their diagnostic and prognostic values. Results A list of 389 genes was generated by overlapping genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Natural Language Processing. Three pathways demonstrated top priorities, and the one with specific associations with cancers, ‘pathways in cancer,’ was analyzed with its four highlighted genes, namely, BIRC5, E2F1, CCNE1, and CDKN2A, which were validated using Oncomine. The detection pool composed of the four genes presented satisfactory diagnostic power with an outstanding integrated AUC of 0.990 (95% CI [0.982–0.998], P < 0.001, sensitivity: 96.0%, specificity: 96.5%). BIRC5 (P = 0.021) and CCNE1 (P = 0.027) were associated with poor prognosis, while CDKN2A (P = 0.066) and E2F1 (P = 0.088) demonstrated no statistically significant differences. Discussion The study illustrates liver hepatocellular carcinoma gene signatures, related pathways and networks from the perspective of big data, featuring the cancer-specific pathway with priority, ‘pathways in cancer.’ The detection pool of the four highlighted genes, namely BIRC5, E2F1, CCNE1 and CDKN2A, should be further investigated given its high evidence level of diagnosis, whereas the prognostic powers of BIRC5 and CCNE1 are equally attractive and worthy of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Cai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (West Branch), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Yue Wen
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ye
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (West Branch), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Han-Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Johmura Y, Yamashita E, Shimada M, Nakanishi K, Nakanishi M. Defective DNA repair increases susceptibility to senescence through extension of Chk1-mediated G2 checkpoint activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31194. [PMID: 27507734 PMCID: PMC4979019 DOI: 10.1038/srep31194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to senescence caused by defective DNA repair is a major hallmark of progeroid syndrome patients, but molecular mechanisms of how defective DNA repair predisposes to senescence are largely unknown. We demonstrate here that suppression of DNA repair pathways extends the duration of Chk1-dependent G2 checkpoint activation and sensitizes cells to senescence through enhancement of mitosis skipping. Extension of G2 checkpoint activation by introduction of the TopBP1 activation domain and the nondegradable mutant of Claspin sensitizes cells to senescence. In contrast, a shortening of G2 checkpoint activation by expression of SIRT6 or depletion of OTUB2 reduces susceptibility to senescence. Fibroblasts from progeroid syndromes tested shows a correlation between an extension of G2 checkpoint activation and an increase in the susceptibility to senescence. These results suggest that extension of G2 checkpoint activation caused by defective DNA repair is critical for senescence predisposition in progeroid syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Johmura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Emiri Yamashita
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakanishi
- Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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