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De Azevedo J, Mourtada J, Bour C, Devignot V, Schultz P, Borel C, Pencreach E, Mellitzer G, Gaiddon C, Jung AC. The EXTREME Regimen Associating Cetuximab and Cisplatin Favors Head and Neck Cancer Cell Death and Immunogenicity with the Induction of an Anti-Cancer Immune Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182866. [PMID: 36139440 PMCID: PMC9496761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The first line of treatment for recurrent/metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) has recently evolved with the approval of immunotherapies that target the anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint. However, only about 20% of the patients display a long-lasting objective tumor response. The modulation of cancer cell immunogenicity via a treatment-induced immunogenic cell death is proposed to potentially be able to improve the rate of patients who respond to immune checkpoint blocking immunotherapies. (2) Methods: Using human HNSCC cell line models and a mouse oral cancer syngeneic model, we have analyzed the ability of the EXTREME regimen (combination therapy using the anti-EGFR cetuximab antibody and platinum-based chemotherapy) to modify the immunogenicity of HNSCC cells. (3) Results: We showed that the combination of cetuximab and cisplatin reduces cell growth through both cell cycle inhibition and the induction of apoptotic cell death independently of p53. In addition, different components of the EXTREME regimen were found to induce, to a variable extent, and in a cell-dependent manner, the emission of mediators of immunogenic cell death, including calreticulin, HMGB1, and type I Interferon-responsive chemokines. Interestingly, cetuximab alone or combined with the IC50 dose of cisplatin can induce an antitumor immune response in vivo, but not when combined with a high dose of cisplatin. (4) Conclusions: Our observations suggest that the EXTREME protocol or cetuximab alone are capable, under conditions of moderate apoptosis induction, of eliciting the mobilization of the immune system and an anti-tumor immune response in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine De Azevedo
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jana Mourtada
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Bour
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Devignot
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Schultz
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Borel
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (A.C.J.)
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (A.C.J.)
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2
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Structural elucidation and cytotoxicity profile of neocuproine-Cu(II) and Cu(I)-based chemotherapeutic agents: Effect of picric acid-derived cocrystals. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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3
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Khodadust R, Unal O, Yagci Acar H. Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:82-95. [PMID: 35116215 PMCID: PMC8787352 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI), which is frequently used for polyplex formation and effective gene transfection, is rarely recognized as a luminescent polymer. Therefore, it is usually tagged with an organic fluorophore to be optically tracked. Recently, we developed branched PEI (bPEI) superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION@bPEI) with blue luminescence 1200 times stronger than that of bPEI without a traditional fluorophore, due to partial PEI oxidation during the synthesis. Here, we demonstrate in vitro dye-free optical imaging and successful gene transfection with luminescent SPION@bPEI, which was further modified for receptor-mediated delivery of the cargo selectively to cancer cell lines overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Pro-apoptotic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium (PIC) was delivered to HeLa cells with SPION@bPEI and caused a dramatic reduction in the cell viability at otherwise non-toxic nanoparticle concentrations, proving that bPEI coating is still an effective component for the delivery of an anionic cargo. Besides, a strong intracellular optical signal supports the optically traceable nature of these nanoparticles. SPION@bPEI nanoparticles were further conjugated with Erbitux (Erb), which is an anti-EGFR antibody for targeting EGFR-overexpressing cancer cell lines. SPION@bPEI-Erb was used for the delivery of a GFP plasmid wherein the transfection was confirmed by the luminescence of the expressed gene within the transfected cells. Poor GFP expression in MCF7, a slightly better expression in HeLa, and a significant enhancement in the transfection of HCT116 cells proved a selective uptake and hence the targeting ability of Erb-tagged nanoparticles. Altogether, this study proves luminescent, cationic, and small SPION@bPEI nanoparticles as strong candidates for imaging and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Khodadust
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Health Science, Health Science Institute, Department of Biotechnology Selimiye Mahallesi, Tıbbiye, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Unal
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Chen L, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Yang R, Bai X, Liu Z, Luo Z, Zhou M, Zhong Z. A novel dual-prodrug carried by cyclodextrin inclusion complex for the targeting treatment of colon cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:329. [PMID: 34666761 PMCID: PMC8524854 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an obvious correlation between ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer, and the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis is increasing. Therefore, the combination therapy of anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor drugs may show promising to inhibit colon cancer. 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) with anti-inflammatory function is effective for maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis and may also reduce colorectal cancer risk. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) plays an essential role in the progression of colon cancer. Butyric acid (BA) is a kind of HDAC inhibitor and thus shows tumor suppression to colon cancer. However, the volatile and corrosive nature of BA presents challenges in practical application. In addition, its clinical application is limited due to its non-targeting ability and low bioavailability. We aimed to synthesize a novel dual-prodrug of 5-ASA and BA, referred as BBA, to synergistically inhibit colon cancer. Further, based on the fact that folate receptor (FR) is over-expressed in most solid tumors and it has been identified to be a cancer stem cell surface marker in colon cancer, we took folate as the targeting ligand and used carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) to carry BBA and thus prepared a novel inclusion complex of BBA/FA-PEG-CM-β-CD. RESULTS It was found that BBA/FA-PEG-CM-β-CD showed significant inhibition in cell proliferation against colon cancer cells SW620. It showed a pro-longed in vivo circulation and mainly accumulated in tumor tissue. More importantly, BBA/FA-PEG-CM-β-CD gave great tumor suppression effect against nude mice bearing SW620 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, BBA/FA-PEG-CM-β-CD may have clinical potential in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruisheng Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaosheng Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongling Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Khoshtabiat L, Meshkini A, Matin MM. Fenton-magnetic based therapy by dual-chemodrug-loaded magnetic hydroxyapatite against colon cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112238. [PMID: 34225878 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fenton-based therapy is emerging as an effective and selective strategy against cancer. However, a low concentration of transition metal ions, insufficient endogenous H2O2, and a high level of antioxidant activity within the cancer cells have hindered the therapeutic efficacy of this strategy. To address these issues, in this study, the Fenton reagent (magnetic hydroxyapatite, mHAP) was accompanied with chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin (CDDP) and methotrexate (MTX)) and static magnetic field (SMF), in such a way to be a pH-, redox-, and magnetic-responsive nanoplatform. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed higher toxicity of the final construct, MTX.CDDP@mHAP, toward colon cancer cells, as compared with that of free drugs. The most effective antitumor activity was observed as MTX.CDDP@mHAP-treated tumor cells were exposed to SMF (0.9 T) and no noticeable damage was observed in the normal cells and tissues. Active targeting by MTX and magnetic targeting by mHAP under magnetic field increased the tumor selectivity and enhanced the tumor site accumulation and cellular uptake of MTX.CDDP@mHAPs. The released iron ions within the cancer cells trigger the Fenton reaction while the release of chemotherapy drugs, reduction of intracellular glutathione, and application of SMF aggravated the Fenton reaction, subsequently leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, Fenton magnetic-based therapy-mediated by MTX.CDDP@mHAP could be considered as a promising strategy against colon cancer with high therapeutic efficiency and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laya Khoshtabiat
- Biochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Meshkini
- Biochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Bioinformatic analysis of CCA-1.1, a novel curcumin analog, uncovers furthermost noticeable target genes in colon cancer. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tumoricidal Potential of Novel Amino-1,10-phenanthroline Derived Imine Ligands: Chemical Preparation, Structure, and Biological Investigations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122865. [PMID: 32580359 PMCID: PMC7356530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis and structural elucidation of two novel imine-based ligands, 2-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)imino)methyl)-5-bromophenol (PIB) and N-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)-1-(thiophen-3-yl)methanimine (PTM) ligands. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay of the synthesized molecules was carried out against breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancer cell lines as well as immortalized human keratinocytes. The observations indicated that both the molecules possesses dose-dependent selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells with no detrimental effect on the normal cell lines. Furthermore, the detailed computational analysis of newly synthetized ligands (PIB and PTM) has been conducted in order to identify their most important parts from the perspective of local reactivity. The IC50 values of PIB treatment on MCF-7, HeLa, HCT-116 and PC-3 were 15.10, 16.25, 17.88, 17.55 and 23.86 micromoles, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 values of PTM on MCF-7, HeLa, HCT-116, PC-3 and HaCat were observed to be 14.82, 15.03, 17.88, 17.28 and 21.22 micromoles, respectively. For computational analysis, we have employed the combination of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and MD simulations. DFT calculations provided us with information about structure and reactivity descriptors based on the electron distribution. Surfaces of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and averaged local ionization energy (ALIE) indicated the sites within studied molecules that are most reactive. These results indicated the importance of nitrogen atoms and OH group. Additionally, the values of bond dissociation for hydrogen abstraction showed that both molecules, especially the PTM, are stable toward the influence of autoxidation mechanism. On the other side, MD simulations gave us an insight how ligands interact with water molecules. Namely, the radial distribution functions (RDF) indicated that the hydrogen atom of the OH group in the case of the PIB has the most pronounced interactions with water.
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8
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Liu YC, Tsai JJ, Weng YS, Hsu FT. Regorafenib suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor signaling-modulated progression of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110319. [PMID: 32502841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Active epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) signaling mediates the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) through activation of downstream kinases and transcription factors. The increased expression of EGFR was associated with worse prognosis in patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). Regorafenib, the oral kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of mCRC, has been shown to reduce activation of downstream kinases of EGFR signal pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and osteosarcoma. However, whether EGFR inactivation was participates in regorafenib-inhibited progression of CRC still remaining ambiguous. The major purpose of present study was to verify effect of regorafenib on EGFR signaling-mediated progression of CRC. Here, we investigated the effect of regorafenib or erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor) on tumor cell growth, invasion ability, apoptotic, and EGFR signal transduction in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated regorafenib reduced EGF-induced EGFR and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity. Both regorafenib and erlotinib significantly reduced cell invasion ability, activation of protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and NF-κB. Regorafenib can trigger the inhibition of tumor cell growth and the induction of apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic apoptosis pathways. In addition, the expression of NF-κB-mediated proteins involved in tumor progression was also suppressed by regorafenib treatment. Taken together, regorafenib acts as a inhibitor of EGFR signaling that attenuated the activation of EGFR and EGFR related downstream signaling cascades in CRC. Our results suggested that the suppression of EGFR signaling was associated with regorafenib-inhibited progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 505, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 505, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jai-Jen Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, National Yang - Ming University Hospital, Yilan, 260, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh-Shan Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, ROC.
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Jiang W, Yan Y, Chen M, Luo G, Hao J, Pan J, Hu S, Guo P, Li W, Wang R, Zuo Y, Sun Y, Sui S, Yu W, Pan Z, Zou K, Zheng Z, Deng W, Wu X, Guo W. Aspirin enhances the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to cisplatin by abrogating the binding of NF-κB to the COX-2 promoter. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:611-627. [PMID: 31905343 PMCID: PMC6977689 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of colon cancer. Nevertheless, the unavoidability of the notable toxicity and the development of the acquired resistance severely restricted its clinical application. Aspirin and some other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to prevent colon tumorigenesis as chemopreventive agents. Here, we explored the possibility of aspirin as an adjuvant drug to boost the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin for colon cancer. We found that aspirin significantly enhanced the cisplatin-mediated inhibitions of cell proliferation, migration and invasion and the induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cells. The combined treatment of aspirin and cisplatin suppressed the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the EMT-related proteins, up-regulated the levels of the cleaved PARP and Bax, and blocked the PI3K/AKT and RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that the enhanced effect of aspirin on the cisplatin-induced inhibition of tumor cell growth was also mediated through the suppression of the binding activity of NF-κB to the COX-2 promoter. The combination of aspirin and cisplatin effectively attenuated the translocation of NF-κB p65/p50 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and abrogated the binding of NF-κB p65/p50 to the COX-2 promoter, thereby down-regulating COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis. Moreover, the in vivo study also verified the enhanced anti-tumor activity of such combined therapy in colon cancer by targeting the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling. Our results provided new insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of aspirin in sensitizing cisplatin-mediated chemotherapeutic effect in colon cancer and indicated a great potential of this combined therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyu Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangyu Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinjin Pan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruozu Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zuo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Silei Sui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Pan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zongheng Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Granados VA, Avirneni-Vadlamudi U, Dalal P, Scarborough SR, Galindo KA, Mahajan P, Galindo RL. Selective Targeting of Myoblast Fusogenic Signaling and Differentiation-Arrest Antagonizes Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4585-4591. [PMID: 31331911 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignancy comprised histologically of skeletal muscle lineage precursors that fail to exit the cell cycle and fuse into differentiated syncytial muscle-for which the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. In contrast to myogenic transcription factor signaling, the molecular machinery that orchestrates the discrete process of myoblast fusion in mammals is poorly understood and unexplored in RMS. The fusogenic machinery in Drosophila, however, is understood in much greater detail, where myoblasts are divided into two distinct pools, founder cells (FC) and fusion competent myoblasts (fcm). Fusion is heterotypic and only occurs between FCs and fcms. Here, we interrogated a comprehensive RNA-sequencing database and found that human RMS diffusely demonstrates an FC lineage gene signature, revealing that RMS is a disease of FC lineage rhabdomyoblasts. We next exploited our Drosophila RMS-related model to isolate druggable FC-specific fusogenic elements underlying RMS, which uncovered the EGFR pathway. Using RMS cells, we showed that EGFR inhibitors successfully antagonized RMS RD cells, whereas other cell lines were resistant. EGFR inhibitor-sensitive cells exhibited decreased activation of the EGFR intracellular effector Akt, whereas Akt activity remained unchanged in inhibitor-resistant cells. We then demonstrated that Akt inhibition antagonizes RMS-including RMS resistant to EGFR inhibition-and that sustained activity of the Akt1 isoform preferentially blocks rhabdomyoblast differentiation potential in cell culture and in vivo. These findings point towards selective targeting of fusion- and differentiation-arrest via Akt as a broad RMS therapeutic vulnerability. SIGNIFICANCE: EGFR and its downstream signaling mediator AKT1 play a role in the fusion and differentiation processes of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, representing a therapeutic vulnerability of rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Granados
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Pooja Dalal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Samuel R Scarborough
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathleen A Galindo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Priya Mahajan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rene L Galindo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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11
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Shi L, Xi J, Xu X, Peng B, Zhang B. MiR-148a suppressed cell invasion and migration via targeting WNT10b and modulating β-catenin signaling in cisplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:902-909. [PMID: 30551544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suggested to be responsible for high recurrence rate and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying novel targets that can suppress CSCs proliferation and metastasis may provide novel approach to combat against CRC. In the present study, we examined the role of miR-148a in cisplatin-resistant CRC cells with enhanced stem cell marker expression and explored the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we used cisplatin to selectively enrich cisplatin-resistant CRC cells from SW480 cell line, and these selected cisplatin-resistant SW480 cells were with significantly enhanced expression of stem cell markers and increased chemoresistance. MicroRNA (miRNA) array and qRT-PCR assay identified the down-regulation of miR-148a in cisplatin-resistant SW480 cells. Overexpression of miR-148a suppressed expression of stem cell markers, inhibited sphere formation, invasion and migration, induced apoptosis, and reduced chemo-resistance in cisplatin-resistant SW480 cells. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay revealed that WNT10b was a downstream target of miR-148a, and overexpression of miR-148a suppressed WNT10b expression and β-catenin signaling activities. Enforced expression WNT10b attenuated the effects of miR-148a on cisplatin-resistant SW480 cells sphere formation, invasion and migration. Further study showed that overexpression of miR-148a also suppressed in vivo tumor growth, and WNT10b expression and β-catenin signaling activities in tumor tissues were suppressed by miR-148a overexpression. In the clinical samples, miR-184a was found to be down-regulated in CRC tissues, down-regulation of miR-148a predicted poor prognosis in CRC patients. In conclusion, our study for the first time enriched the cisplatin-resistant CRC cells with enhanced stem cell marker expression from sphere-forming and chemo-resistant SW480-derived tumor xenografts in immune-deficient mice, and miR-148a suppressed the expression of stem cell markers, increased chemo-sensitivity, cell invasion and migration at least partly via regulating WNT10b and β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juanli Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Binghong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China.
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12
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Chen CF, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chiu HY, Yang JS, Lee CY, Way TD, Huang HJ. Synergistic inhibitory effects of cetuximab and curcumin on human cisplatin-resistant oral cancer CAR cells through intrinsic apoptotic process. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6323-6330. [PMID: 30333889 PMCID: PMC6176463 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb), is a novel targeted therapy for the treatment of patients with oral cancer. Cetuximab can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to prolong the overall survival rates of patients with oral cancer. Curcumin is a traditional Chinese medicine, and it has been demonstrated to have growth-inhibiting effects on oral cancer cells. However, information regarding the combination of cetuximab and curcumin in drug-resistant oral cancer cells is lacking, and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to explore the oral anticancer effects of cetuximab combined with curcumin on cisplatin-resistant oral cancer CAR cell apoptosis in vitro. The results demonstrated that combination treatment synergistically potentiated the effect of cetuximab and curcumin on the suppression of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in CAR cells. Cetuximab and curcumin combination induced apoptosis and dramatically increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities compared with singular treatment. Combination treatment also markedly suppressed the protein expression levels of EGFR and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling (phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38). The results demonstrated that co-treatment with cetuximab and curcumin exerts synergistic oral anticancer effects on CAR cells through the suppression of the EGFR signaling by regulation of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Fu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen Catholic Junior College, Chiayi County 622, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Ying Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
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13
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Zhou ZP, Wang LP, Hong ZS, Qiu CZ, Wang MZ, Chen ZX, Tang LF, Yu WS, Wang CX. Silencing GOLPH3 gene expression reverses resistance to cisplatin in HT29 colon cancer cells via multiple signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1183-1192. [PMID: 30015866 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphorylated protein (GOLPH)3 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues and promotes the proliferation of colon cancer cells. A previous study by the authors demonstrated that GOLPH3 was associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. However, the association between GOLPH3 gene overexpression and resistance to platinum-based drugs in colon cancer remains unknown. In the present study, the association between GOLPH3 overexpression and resistance of HT29 colon cancer cells to cisplatin and the mechanism underlying the development of chemoresistance were investigated. HT29 cells were divided into five groups. The expression of GOLPH3 mRNA was measured in the control and siRNA transfection groups. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, cell proliferation, colony formation assay, tumor sphere formation and apoptosis (Annexin V) assays, western blotting and a nude mouse tumorigenicity assay were performed. HT29 cells were resistant to 10 µM cisplatin treatment, whereas the expression of GOLPH3, P-glycoprotein, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK)1/2 and β-catenin protein was significantly upregulated compared with the control group. With cisplatin treatment, silencing GOLPH3 gene expression downregulated the expression of these proteins, reduced cell proliferation and tumorigenicity, induced apoptosis and reversed the resistance of HT29 cells to cisplatin. In addition, the change in pERK1/2 and β-catenin expression demonstrated that the mechanism of GOLPH3 overexpression involved in cisplatin resistance was associated with activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathways in HT29 cells. The tumorigenicity experiment in nude mice also demonstrated that silencing GOLPH3 expression increased the sensitivity of HT29 cells to cisplatin in vivo. Therefore, overexpression of GOLPH3 may be involved in the resistance of HT29 colon cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy by activating multiple cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Pei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Shi Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhen Wang
- Department of Proctology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Long-Feng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Wai-Shi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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14
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Khatibi S, Babon J, Wagner J, Manton JH, Tan CW, Zhu HJ, Wormald S, Burgess AW. TGF-β and IL-6 family signalling crosstalk: an integrated model. Growth Factors 2017; 35:100-124. [PMID: 28948853 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1363746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical models for TGF-β and IL-6 signalling have been linked, providing a platform for analyzing the crosstalk between the systems. An integrated IL-6:TGF-β model was developed via a reduced set of reaction equations which incorporate both feedback loops and appropriate time-delays for transcription and translation processes. The model simulates stable, robust and realistic responses to both ligands. Pulsatile (multiple pulses) inputs for both TGF-β and IL-6 have been simulated to investigate the effects of each ligand on the sensitivity, equilibrium and dynamic responses of the integrated signalling system. In our simulations the crosstalk between constant IL-6 and TGF-β signalling via SMAD7 does not appear to be sufficient to render the cells resistant to TGF-β inhibition. However, the simulations predict that pulsatile IL-6 stimulation would increase SMAD7 levels substantially and consequentially, lead to resistance to TGF-β. The model also allows the prediction of the integrated signalling pathway responses to the mutation of key components, e.g. Gp130 F/F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Khatibi
- a Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
- b Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Jeff Babon
- b Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - John Wagner
- a Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
- c IBM Researchtreetience , Carlton , Australia
- d Department of Medical Biology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Jonathan H Manton
- a Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- b Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) , Parkville , VIC , Australia
- e IBM Research Collaboratory for Life Sciences Research , Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative , Carlton , VIC , Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- f Department of Surgery (RMH) , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Sam Wormald
- g Division of Cancer and Haematology , The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- b Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) , Parkville , VIC , Australia
- e IBM Research Collaboratory for Life Sciences Research , Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative , Carlton , VIC , Australia
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15
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Riesco A, Santos-Buitrago B, De Las Rivas J, Knapp M, Santos-García G, Talcott C. Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling towards Proliferation: Modeling and Logic Inference Using Forward and Backward Search. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1809513. [PMID: 28191459 PMCID: PMC5278199 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1809513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In biological systems, pathways define complex interaction networks where multiple molecular elements are involved in a series of controlled reactions producing responses to specific biomolecular signals. These biosystems are dynamic and there is a need for mathematical and computational methods able to analyze the symbolic elements and the interactions between them and produce adequate readouts of such systems. In this work, we use rewriting logic to analyze the cellular signaling of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its cell surface receptor (EGFR) in order to induce cellular proliferation. Signaling is initiated by binding the ligand protein EGF to the membrane-bound receptor EGFR so as to trigger a reactions path which have several linked elements through the cell from the membrane till the nucleus. We present two different types of search for analyzing the EGF/proliferation system with the help of Pathway Logic tool, which provides a knowledge-based development environment to carry out the modeling of the signaling. The first one is a standard (forward) search. The second one is a novel approach based on narrowing, which allows us to trace backwards the causes of a given final state. The analysis allows the identification of critical elements that have to be activated to provoke proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Merrill Knapp
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Talcott
- Computer Science Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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16
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Zhang R, Wang G, Zhang PF, Zhang J, Huang YX, Lu YM, Da W, Sun Q, Zhu JS. Sanguinarine inhibits growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells via regulation of the DUSP4/ERK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1117-1127. [PMID: 27957827 PMCID: PMC5431127 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine, a bioactive benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from plants of the Papaveraceae family, has shown antitumour effects in multiple cancer cells. But the therapeutic effects and regulatory mechanisms of sanguinatine in gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of dual‐specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) expression with clinicopathologic features and overall survival in patients with GC and explore the effects of sanguinarine on tumour growth and invasion in GC cells (SGC‐7901 and HGC‐27) and underlying molecular mechanisms. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that decreased DUSP4 expression was associated with the sex, tumour size, depth of invasion and distant metastasis in patients with GC. Functional experiments including CCK‐8, Transwell and flow cytometry analysis indicated that sanguinarine or DUSP4 overexpression inhibited GC cell viability and invasive potential, and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in S phase, but DUSP4 knockdown attenuated the antitumour activity of sanguinarine. Further observation demonstrated that sanguinarine up‐regulated the expression of DUSP4 and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), but down‐regulated phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that sanguinarine inhibits growth and invasion of GC cells through regulation of the DUSP4/ERK pathway, suggesting that sanguinarine may have potential for use in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xia Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Min Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Da
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Shui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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17
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Cetuximab and Cisplatin Show Different Combination Effect in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Lines via Inactivation of EGFR/AKT Signaling Pathway. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:7016907. [PMID: 27313893 PMCID: PMC4894995 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7016907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant cancer in South China. Cisplatin is a classical chemotherapeutic employed for NPC treatment. Despite the use of cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy, distant failure still confuses clinicians and the outcome of metastatic NPC remains disappointing. Hence, a potent systemic therapy is needed for this cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents a promising new therapeutic target in cancer. We predicted that combining the conventional cytotoxic drug cisplatin with the novel molecular-targeted agent cetuximab demonstrates a strong antitumor effect on NPC cells. In this study, we selected HNE1 and CNE2 cells, which have been proved to possess different EGFR expression levels, to validate our conjecture. The two-drug regimen showed a significant synergistic effect in HNE1 cells but an additive effect in CNE2 cells. Our results showed that cisplatin-induced apoptosis was significantly enhanced by cetuximab in the high EGFR-expressing HNE1 cells but not in CNE2 cells. Further molecular mechanism study indicated that the EGFR/AKT pathway may play an important role in cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway and lead to the different antitumor effects of this two-drug regimen between HNE1 and CNE2 cells. Thus, the regimen may be applied in personalized NPC treatments.
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