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Ezzat EM, Bakr S, Golam RM, Abdelgyed BA, Nasr NM. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) as a potential biomarker for predicting metabolically driven low-grade and organ damage in thalassemia syndromes. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05886-7. [PMID: 39028355 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP; FABP4) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of metabolically driven low-grade inflammation and organ damage. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of circulating FABP4 as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker for thalassemia-associated cardiometabolic events. This case-control study enrolled 50 adults with β-thalassemia and 30 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls. Participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, serum blood glucose, lipid profile, and ferritin levels, pelviabdominal ultrasound, ECG, and echocardiography after taking a full medical history and conducting a clinical examination. Serum levels of FABP4 were measured using an Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay. The diagnostic performance of FABP4 was assessed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine optimal values for excluding and confirming cardiometabolic metflammation. The thalassemia cohort exhibited a statistically significant higher concentration of FABP4 compared to the control group (p-value < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between FABP4 and ferritin serum levels above 800 or 1000 ug/L, as well as with ALT, TGS, and LDL (p-value < 0.05). Circulating FABP4 was identified as a statistically significant risk factor for thalassemia-associated cardiometabolic comorbidities (OR = 84.00, 95%CI:18.6-378.6, p-value < 0.001). ROC analysis determined that the FABP4 exclusionary cut-off value > 2.30 ng/ml could effectively discriminate between thalassemia-associated adverse metaflammation and controls, while the FABP4 confirmatory cut-off value was > 2.58 ng/ml. In conclusion, circulating FABP4 appears to be a potential risk factor for predicting progression to cardiometabolic events in thalassemia-associated adverse metaflammation. FABP4 holds promise as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for disease monitoring and risk stratification. Further validation through large-scale, multicenter, prospective studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mahmoud Ezzat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Salwa Bakr
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Hematology & Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, P.O. Box: 63514, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Rehab M Golam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Basma Atiya Abdelgyed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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2
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Yeo JH, Begam N, Leow WT, Goh JX, Zhong Y, Cai Y, Kwa ALH. Ironing out Persisters? Revisiting the Iron Chelation Strategy to Target Planktonic Bacterial Persisters Harboured in Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2024; 12:972. [PMID: 38792801 PMCID: PMC11123761 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis. Notably, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a significant clinical challenge due to the limited effective treatment options. This problem is exacerbated by persisters that develop upon antibiotic exposure. Bacteria persisters can tolerate high antibiotic doses and can cause recalcitrant infections, potentially developing further antibiotic resistance. Iron is a critical micronutrient for survival. We aimed to evaluate the utility of iron chelators, alone and in combination with antibiotics, in managing persisters. We hypothesized that iron chelators eradicate CRE persisters in vitro, when administered in combination with antibiotics. Our screening revealed three clinical isolates with bacteria persisters that resuscitated upon antibiotic removal. These isolates were treated with both meropenem and an iron chelator (deferoxamine mesylate, deferiprone or dexrazoxane) over 24 h. Against our hypothesis, bacteria persisters survived and resuscitated upon withdrawing both the antibiotic and iron chelator. Pursuing our aim, we next hypothesized that iron chelation is feasible as a post-antibiotic treatment in managing and suppressing persisters' resuscitation. We exposed bacteria persisters to an iron chelator without antibiotics. Flow cytometric assessments revealed that iron chelators are inconsistent in suppressing persister resuscitation. Collectively, these results suggest that the iron chelation strategy may not be useful as an antibiotic adjunct to target planktonic bacteria persisters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hao Yeo
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore; (J.H.Y.)
- SingHealth-Duke-NUS Academic Clinical Programme (Pathology), Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Nasren Begam
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore; (J.H.Y.)
| | - Wan Ting Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore; (J.H.Y.)
| | - Jia Xuan Goh
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore; (J.H.Y.)
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore; (J.H.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yiying Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore; (J.H.Y.)
| | - Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore; (J.H.Y.)
- SingHealth-Duke-NUS Academic Clinical Programme (Medicine), Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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3
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Kouki A, Ferjani W, Dang PMC, Ghanem-Boughanmi N, Souli A, Ben-Attia M, El-Benna J. Preventive Anti-inflammatory Effects of Apocynin on Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats. Inflammation 2024; 47:438-453. [PMID: 37880427 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with a complex aetiology characterised by abnormal immune responses and oxidative stress-induced tissue injury. Inflammatory cells play an important role in the progression of this pathology through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from various sources including the NADPH oxidases (NOXs). The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of apocynin, a natural antioxidant molecule and a selective inhibitor of NOXs, on acetic acid (AA)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Our results first confirmed that apocynin has a high free radical scavenging capacity as well as a potent iron chelating ability. Oral pretreatment of rats with apocynin (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) for 7 days prior to AA-induced colitis suppressed the increase in pro-oxidant markers in colonic homogenates and preserved colonic cytoarchitecture from acetic acid-induced damage. Oral administration of apocynin (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) also reduced several systemic inflammatory markers such as alkaline phosphatase, iron, pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein and myeloperoxidase. This study shows that apocynin protects rats from acetic acid-induced colonic inflammation and suggests that apocynin may have a promising beneficial effect in the prevention of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kouki
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Inflammation Research Center, Inflamex Excellence Laboratory, Xavier Bichat Faculty of Medicine, City University of Paris, Paris, F-75018, France
- Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Sciences Faculty of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Ferjani
- Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Sciences Faculty of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Inflammation Research Center, Inflamex Excellence Laboratory, Xavier Bichat Faculty of Medicine, City University of Paris, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Néziha Ghanem-Boughanmi
- Risks Related to Environmental Stress Unity (UR17/ES20), Department of Life Sciences, Bizerta Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Abdelaziz Souli
- Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Sciences Faculty of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mossadok Ben-Attia
- Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Sciences Faculty of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Inflammation Research Center, Inflamex Excellence Laboratory, Xavier Bichat Faculty of Medicine, City University of Paris, Paris, F-75018, France.
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Parveen S, Bukhari N, Nazir M, Qureshi WA, Yaqoob A, Shahid M. Phytochemical analysis, in-vitro biological activities and Pearson correlation of total polyphenolic content with antioxidant activities of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit pulp and seed during different ripening stages. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2023.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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5
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Holbein BE, Lehmann C. Dysregulated Iron Homeostasis as Common Disease Etiology and Promising Therapeutic Target. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030671. [PMID: 36978919 PMCID: PMC10045916 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is irreplaceably required for animal and human cells as it provides the activity center for a wide variety of essential enzymes needed for energy production, nucleic acid synthesis, carbon metabolism and cellular defense. However, iron is toxic when present in excess and its uptake and storage must, therefore, be tightly regulated to avoid damage. A growing body of evidence indicates that iron dysregulation leading to excess quantities of free reactive iron is responsible for a wide range of otherwise discrete diseases. Iron excess can promote proliferative diseases such as infections and cancer by supplying iron to pathogens or cancer cells. Toxicity from reactive iron plays roles in the pathogenesis of various metabolic, neurological and inflammatory diseases. Interestingly, a common underlying aspect of these conditions is availability of excess reactive iron. This underpinning aspect provides a potential new therapeutic avenue. Existing hematologically used iron chelators to take up excess iron have shown serious limitations for use but new purpose-designed chelators in development show promise for suppressing microbial pathogen and cancer cell growth, and also for relieving iron-induced toxicity in neurological and other diseases. Hepcidin and hepcidin agonists are also showing promise for relieving iron dysregulation. Harnessing iron-driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with ferroptosis has shown promise for selective destruction of cancer cells. We review biological iron requirements, iron regulation and the nature of iron dysregulation in various diseases. Current results pertaining to potential new therapies are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E. Holbein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Anushree U, Punj P, Vasumathi, Bharati S. Phosphorylated chitosan accelerates dermal wound healing in diabetic wistar rats. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:19-31. [PMID: 36447107 PMCID: PMC9925528 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated chitosan (PC), a water-soluble derivative of chitosan possesses several biological and chemical properties suitable for diabetic wound healing. In the present study, we report the synthesis and diabetic wound healing capabilities of PC. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, 13C-NMR and 31P-NMR techniques were employed for the chemical characterization of PC. In vitro, antioxidant properties of PC were determined in terms of Fe3+ reducing, metal chelating, lipid peroxidation and superoxide scavenging ability. The wound healing potential of PC was assessed in diabetic excisional wound rat model. PC exhibited good water solubility, and in vitro antioxidant capacity. Wound contraction was higher in PC-treated wounds (91.11%) as compared to untreated wounds (67.26%) on 14th-day post wound creation. Histopathology of PC-treated wounds revealed improved tissue morphology with higher number of fibroblasts, a thicker epithelial layer, enhanced collagen deposits and angiogenesis as compared to untreated wounds. An overall increase of 57% and 25% in hydroxylamine and hexosamine content respectively were noted as compared to untreated wounds. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in SOD activity and a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in lipid peroxides were recorded in PC-treated wounds as compared to untreated wounds. These observations demonstrated that PC can be used as an effective agent in diabetic wound healing. Illustration of phosphorylated chitosan (PC) synthesis and its wound healing potential: Chitosan was phosphorylated to impart diabetic wound healing properties. Chemical characterizations such as elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR confirmed successful phosphorylation of chitosan. PC exhibited good in vitro antioxidant properties. To assess the diabetic wound healing potential, an excisional wound model was developed in diabetic rats. PC treatment demonstrated accelerated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Anushree
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratik Punj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasumathi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Bharati
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Ledesma-Colunga MG, Baschant U, Weidner H, Alves TC, Mirtschink P, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Transferrin receptor 2 deficiency promotes macrophage polarization and inflammatory arthritis. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102616. [PMID: 36746004 PMCID: PMC9932570 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease in which synovial iron deposition has been described. Transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2) represents a critical regulator of systemic iron levels. Loss of Tfr2 function in humans and mice results in iron overload. As iron contributes to inflammatory processes, we investigated whether Tfr2-deletion affects the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis in an iron-dependent manner. METHODS Using a global and conditional genetic disruption of Tfr2, we assessed the relevance of Tfr2 in K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis (STA) and macrophage polarization. RESULTS Male Tfr2-/- mice subjected to STA developed pronounced joint swelling, and bone erosion as compared to Tfr2+/+ littermate-controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, an increase of neutrophils and macrophages/monocytes was observed in the inflammatory infiltrate within the paws of Tfr2-/- mice. To elucidate whether Tfr2 in myeloid cells has a direct role in the pathogenesis of arthritis or whether the effects were mediated via the systemic iron overload, we induced STA in Tfr2fl/fl-LysMCre + mice, which showed normal iron-loading. Cre + female mice displayed increased disease development compared to Cre-controls. As macrophages regulate iron availability and innate immunity, we hypothesized that Tfr2-deficiency would polarize macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory state (M1) that contributes to arthritis progression. In response to IFN-γ stimulation, Tfr2-/- macrophages showed increased expression of M1-like cytokines, IFN-γ-target genes, nitric-oxide production, and prolonged STAT1 activation compared to Tfr2+/+ macrophages (P < 0.01), while pre-treatment with ruxolitinib abolished Tfr2-driven M1-like polarization. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest a protective role of Tfr2 in macrophages on the progression of arthritis via suppression of M1-like polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Ledesma-Colunga
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Weidner
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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8
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Iron metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a promising therapeutic target. LIVER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Sharawy N, Imam AAA, Aboulhoda BE, Khalifa MM, Morcos GNB, Abd Algaleel WA, Moustafa PE, Abdelbaset MA, Shoukry T. Iron dyshomeostasis and time-course changes in iron-uptake systems and ferritin level in relation to pro-inflammatory microglia polarization in sepsis-induced encephalopathy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:953206. [PMID: 36035473 PMCID: PMC9413069 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.953206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalopathy is a frequent and lethal consequence of sepsis. Recently, a growing body of evidence has provided important insights into the role of iron dyshomeostasis in the context of inflammation. The molecular mechanisms underlying iron dyshomeostasis and its relationship with macrophage phenotypes are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to characterize the changes in iron-transporter and storage proteins and the microglia phenotype that occur during the course of sepsis, as well as their relationship with sepsis-induced encephalopathy. We used a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) murine model that closely resembles sepsis-induced encephalopathy. Rats were subjected to CLP or sham laparotomy, then were neurologically assessed at 6 h, 24 h, and 3 days after sepsis induction. The serum and brain were collected for subsequent biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment. Here, an iron excess was observed at time points that followed the pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in CLP-induced encephalopathy. Our results revealed that the upregulation of non-transferrin-bound iron uptake (NTBI) and ferritin reduction appeared to be partially responsible for the excess free iron detected within the brain tissues. We further demonstrated that the microglia were shifted toward the pro-inflammatory phenotype, leading to persistent neuro-inflammation and neuronal damage after CLP. Taken together, these findings led us to conclude that sepsis increased the susceptibility of the brain to the iron burden via the upregulation of NTBI and the reduction of ferritin, which was concomitantly and correlatively associated with dominance of pro-inflammatory microglia and could explain the neurological dysfunction observed during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Abdel-Aliem Imam
- Preclinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Abdel-Aliem Imam, ; Basma Emad Aboulhoda,
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Abdel-Aliem Imam, ; Basma Emad Aboulhoda,
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - George N. B. Morcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tor, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Tarek Shoukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Islam S, Hoque N, Nasrin N, Hossain M, Rizwan F, Biswas K, Asaduzzaman M, Rahman S, Hoskin DW, Sultana S, Lehmann C. Iron Overload and Breast Cancer: Iron Chelation as a Potential Therapeutic Approach. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070963. [PMID: 35888054 PMCID: PMC9317809 DOI: 10.3390/life12070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has historically been one of the leading causes of death for women worldwide. As of 2020, breast cancer was reported to have overtaken lung cancer as the most common type of cancer globally, representing an estimated 11.3% of all cancer diagnoses. A multidisciplinary approach is taken for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer that includes conventional and targeted treatments. However, current therapeutic approaches to treating breast cancer have limitations, necessitating the search for new treatment options. Cancer cells require adequate iron for their continuous and rapid proliferation. Excess iron saturates the iron-binding capacity of transferrin, resulting in non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) that can catalyze free-radical reactions and may lead to oxidant-mediated breast carcinogenesis. Moreover, excess iron and the disruption of iron metabolism by local estrogen in the breast leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, iron concentration reduction using an iron chelator can be a novel therapeutic strategy for countering breast cancer development and progression. This review focuses on the use of iron chelators to deplete iron levels in tumor cells, specifically in the breast, thereby preventing the generation of free radicals. The inhibition of DNA synthesis and promotion of cancer cell apoptosis are the targets of breast cancer treatment, which can be achieved by restricting the iron environment in the body. We hypothesize that the usage of iron chelators has the therapeutic potential to control intracellular iron levels and inhibit the breast tumor growth. In clinical settings, iron chelators can be used to reduce cancer cell growth and thus reduce the morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufia Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-2-8811381 (ext. 385) or +880-1614282327; Fax: +880-9857322
| | - Nazia Hoque
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Nishat Nasrin
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Mehnaz Hossain
- Department of Political Science and Global Governance, Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Farhana Rizwan
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Kushal Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.H.); (N.N.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Muhammad Asaduzzaman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Sabera Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, City University, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh;
| | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Saki Sultana
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.S.); (C.L.)
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Lehmann C, Alizadeh-Tabrizi N, Hall S, Faridi S, Euodia I, Holbein B, Zhou J, Chappe V. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Iron Chelator, DIBI, in Experimental Acute Lung Injury. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134036. [PMID: 35807282 PMCID: PMC9268372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a critical role in the immune response to inflammation and infection due to its role in the catalysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions. However, ROS overproduction can be harmful and damage healthy cells. Therefore, iron chelation represents an innovative pharmacological approach to limit excess ROS formation and the related pro-inflammatory mediator cascades. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of the iron chelator, DIBI, in an experimental model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). DIBI was administered intraperitoneally in the early and later stages of lung inflammation as determined by histopathological evaluation. We found that lung tissues showed significant injury, as well as increased NF-κB p65 activation and significantly elevated levels of various inflammatory mediators (LIX, CXCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, IL-1𝛽, IL-6) 4 h post ALI induction by LPS. Mice treated with DIBI (80 mg/kg) in the early stages (0 to 2 h) after LPS administration demonstrated a significant reduction of the histopathological damage score, reduced levels of NF-κB p65 activation, and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators. Intravital microscopy of the pulmonary microcirculation also showed a reduced number of adhering leukocytes and improved capillary perfusion with DIBI administration. Our findings support the conclusion that the iron chelator, DIBI, has beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in experimental ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (N.A.-T.); (S.H.); (V.C.)
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (S.F.); (I.E.); (B.H.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nazli Alizadeh-Tabrizi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (N.A.-T.); (S.H.); (V.C.)
| | - Stefan Hall
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (N.A.-T.); (S.H.); (V.C.)
| | - Sufyan Faridi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (S.F.); (I.E.); (B.H.)
| | - Irene Euodia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (S.F.); (I.E.); (B.H.)
| | - Bruce Holbein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (S.F.); (I.E.); (B.H.)
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;
| | - Valerie Chappe
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (N.A.-T.); (S.H.); (V.C.)
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Malagù M, Marchini F, Fiorio A, Sirugo P, Clò S, Mari E, Gamberini MR, Rapezzi C, Bertini M. Atrial Fibrillation in β-Thalassemia: Overview of Mechanism, Significance and Clinical Management. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010148. [PMID: 35053146 PMCID: PMC8772694 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder with worldwide distribution. Transfusion and chelation therapy have radically improved the prognosis of β-thalassemic patients in the developed world, but this has led to the development of new chronic cardiac complications like atrial fibrillation (AF). Prevalence of AF in patients with β-thalassemia is higher than in the general population, ranging from 2 to 33%. Studies are lacking, and the little evidence available comes from a small number of observational studies. The pathophysiology is not well understood but, while iron overload seems to be the principal mechanism, AF could develop even in the absence of iron deposition. Furthermore, the clinical presentation is mainly paroxysmal, and patients are highly symptomatic. The underlying disease, the pathophysiology, and the clinical presentation require a different management of AF in β-thalassemia than in the general population. Rhythm control should be preferred over rate control, and the most important antiarrhythmic therapy is represented by chelation drugs. Thromboembolic risk is high, but the available risk scores are not validated in β-thalassemia, and the choice of anticoagulation therapy should be considered early. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the actual knowledge about AF in β-thalassemia, with a specific focus on the clinical management of these complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Malagù
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (C.R.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-532-236269
| | - Federico Marchini
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (C.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessio Fiorio
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (C.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Paolo Sirugo
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (C.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Stefano Clò
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (C.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Elisa Mari
- Day Hospital Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Maria Rita Gamberini
- Day Hospital Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (C.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Bertini
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (C.R.); (M.B.)
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13
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Correlation between Serum Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) Levels and Cardiac Function in Patients with Thalassemia Major. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2021:5130628. [PMID: 34987673 PMCID: PMC8723846 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5130628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with thalassemia major may suffer from complications due to iron overload. It has been suggested that several adipokines may play a potential role in the development of complications in thalassemia. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is one of the adipokines, bridging several aspects of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Little is known about the relationship between this adipokine and cardiac and liver function, especially in patients with thalassemia major. Aims This study is aimed at determining serum FABP4 levels in patients with thalassemia major and whether its concentration correlated with serum ferritin levels, as well as cardiac and liver function. Methods Thalassemia major outpatients (n = 48) completed laboratory examination, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. Results The mean age was 21.9 ± 8.0 years. A negative and weak correlation between serum ferritin and FABP4 was observed (r = −0.291, p < 0.05). In addition, there was moderate and positive correlation between left atrial volume index (LAVI) and FABP4 (r = 0.316, p < 0.05). Conclusions Serum FABP4 correlated with serum ferritin and cardiac function in patients with thalassemia major. FABP4 may be a potential clinical biomarker for cardiac dysfunction via metabolic and inflammatory pathways due to iron accumulation and toxicity in patients with thalassemia major.
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Sadaf H, Desai VR, Misra V, Golanov E, Hegde ML, Villapol S, Karmonik C, Regnier‐Golanov A, Sayenko D, Horner PJ, Krencik R, Weng YL, Vahidy FS, Britz GW. A contemporary review of therapeutic and regenerative management of intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:2211-2221. [PMID: 34647437 PMCID: PMC8607450 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a common and debilitating form of stroke. This neurological emergency must be diagnosed and treated rapidly yet effectively. In this article, we review the medical, surgical, repair, and regenerative treatment options for managing ICH. Topics of focus include the management of blood pressure, intracranial pressure, coagulopathy, and intraventricular hemorrhage, as well as the role of surgery, regeneration, rehabilitation, and secondary prevention. Results of various phase II and III trials are incorporated. In summary, ICH patients should undergo rapid evaluation with neuroimaging, and early interventions should include systolic blood pressure control in the range of 140 mmHg, correction of coagulopathy if indicated, and assessment for surgical intervention. ICH patients should be managed in dedicated neurosurgical intensive care or stroke units where continuous monitoring of neurological status and evaluation for neurological deterioration is rapidly possible. Extravasation of hematoma may be helpful in patients with intraventricular extension of ICH. The goal of care is to reduce mortality and enable multimodal rehabilitative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Sadaf
- Punjab Medical CollegeUniversity of Health ScienceFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Virendra R. Desai
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Vivek Misra
- Department of NeurologyHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Eugene Golanov
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Sonia Villapol
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Christof Karmonik
- Translational Imaging CenterHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Dimitri Sayenko
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Philip J. Horner
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Robert Krencik
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yi Lan Weng
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Farhaan S. Vahidy
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for Outcomes ResearchHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Gavin W. Britz
- Department of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist Neurological InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
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15
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Swain O, Romano SK, Miryala R, Tsai J, Parikh V, Umanah GKE. SARS-CoV-2 Neuronal Invasion and Complications: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5338-5349. [PMID: 34162747 PMCID: PMC8221594 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3188-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical reports suggest that the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) has not only taken millions of lives, but has also created a major crisis of neurologic complications that persist even after recovery from the disease. Autopsies of patients confirm the presence of the coronaviruses in the CNS, especially in the brain. The invasion and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS is not clearly defined, but, because the endocytic pathway has become an important target for the development of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, it is necessary to understand endocytic processes in the CNS. In addition, mitochondria and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways play a critical role in the antiviral immune response, and may also be critical for endocytic activity. Furthermore, dysfunctions of mitochondria and mTOR signaling pathways have been associated with some high-risk conditions such as diabetes and immunodeficiency for developing severe complications observed in COVID-19 patients. However, the role of these pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection and spread are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the CNS and how mitochondria and mTOR pathways might regulate endocytic vesicle-mitochondria interactions and dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanisms that plausibly account for severe neurologic complications with COVID-19 and potential treatments with Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs targeting mitochondria and the mTOR pathways are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Swain
- Neuroscience Department, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sofia K Romano
- Neuroscience Department, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Ritika Miryala
- Neuroscience Department, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jocelyn Tsai
- Neuroscience Department, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Vinnie Parikh
- Neuroscience Department, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - George K E Umanah
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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16
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Iron reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the heart of STZ- and HFD-induced diabetic rats. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Lehmann C, Aali M, Zhou J, Holbein B. Comparison of Treatment Effects of Different Iron Chelators in Experimental Models of Sepsis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010057. [PMID: 33466819 PMCID: PMC7830599 DOI: 10.3390/life11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that dysregulated iron metabolism with altered and excess iron availability in some body compartments plays a significant role in the course of infection and sepsis in humans. Given that all bacterial pathogens require iron for growth, that iron withdrawal is a normal component of innate host defenses and that bacterial pathogens have acquired increasing levels of antibiotic resistance, targeting infection and sepsis through use of appropriate iron chelators has potential to provide new therapeutics. We have directly compared the effects of three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved chelators (deferoxamine—DFO; deferiprone—DFP; and deferasirox—DFX), as were developed for treating hematological iron overload conditions, to DIBI, a novel purpose-designed, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory water-soluble hydroxypyridinone containing iron-selective copolymers. Two murine sepsis models, endotoxemia and polymicrobial abdominal sepsis, were utilized to help differentiate anti-inflammatory versus anti-infective activities of the chelators. Leukocyte adhesion, as measured by intravital microscopy, was observed in both models, with DIBI providing the most effective reduction and DFX the poorest. Inflammation in the abdominal sepsis model, assessed by cytokine measurements, indicated exacerbation by DFX and DFO for plasma Interleukin (IL)-6 and reductions to near-control levels for DIBI and DFP. Peritoneal infection burden was reduced 10-fold by DIBI while DFX and DFP provided no reductions. Overall, the results, together with those from other studies, revealed serious limitations for each of the three hematological chelators, i.e., as potentially repurposed for treating infection/sepsis. In contrast, DIBI provided therapeutic benefits, consistent with various in vitro and in vivo results from other studies, supporting the potential for its use in treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maral Aali
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Bruce Holbein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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The Leaf Extract of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Accelerated In Vitro Wound Healing by Reducing Oxidative Stress Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3963510. [PMID: 33505581 PMCID: PMC7806374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3963510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The impairment in the regulation of the physiological process in the inflammatory phase of wound healing results in oxidative stress damage, which increases the severity and extends the healing time. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the radical scavenging properties of Coccinia leaf extract and its ability to ameliorate a migration process in vitro. Coccinia is a medicinal plant that was used in ancient times for relieving insect bite itching and swelling. However, the role of Coccinia leaf extract as an antioxidant related to the process of wound healing has never been studied. In this study, we demonstrated that the leaf extract possessed antioxidant properties that acted as a proton donor to neutralize reactive oxygen species with the IC50 value of 4.85 mg/mL of the extract. It could chelate iron with the IC50 value of 21.39 mg/mL of the extract. The leaf extract protected the human fibroblasts and keratinocytes from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress by increasing cell survival rate by more than 20% in all test doses. The protective property was dose-dependently correlated with the decrease in reactive oxygen species formation. In addition, the leaf extract enhanced the cell migration rate of fibroblasts and keratinocytes up to 23% compared with vehicle control. The results suggested that Coccinia leaf extract may be a potential herb for increasing the wound healing process with its antioxidant capacity and can be used as an herbal ingredient for the utilization of skincare products.
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19
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Tewari D, Lloyd-Jones K, Hider RC, Collins H. HPO iron chelator, CP655, causes the G1/S phase cell cycle block via p21 upregulation. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:568-583. [PMID: 32865890 PMCID: PMC7654408 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron is known not only for its importance in cellular and metabolic pathways but also for its role in causing cellular toxicities such as production of reactive oxygen species and growth of pathogens. The inability of the human body to physiologically excrete excess iron highlights the need to develop a cheap yet effective iron chelator. This study provides initial evidence of the therapeutic and prophylactic properties of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (HPO) chelators in murine collagen-induced arthritis. To determine whether these chelators would be effective on human cells, we tested a panel of different HPO chelators and identified 7-diethylamino-N-((5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-N-methyl-2-oxo-chromen-3-carboxamide (CP655) as the most effective compound targeting human CD4+ T cells. Treatment with CP655 causes significant inhibition of cell proliferation and production of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ and interleukin-17. Microarray analysis revealed dysregulation in cell cycle-related genes following CP655 treatment. This was validated by flow cytometry demonstrating a G1/S phase block caused by CP655. Finally, mechanistic experiments revealed that the chelator may be causing an upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor protein CDKN1A (p21) as a possible mechanism of action. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HPO chelators could prove to have therapeutic potential for diseases driven by excessive T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Tewari
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, New Hunts House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, New Hunts House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Collins
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, New Hunts House, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Perricone C, Bartoloni E, Bursi R, Cafaro G, Guidelli GM, Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R. COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy. Immunol Res 2020. [PMID: 32681497 DOI: 10.22541/au.158880283.34604328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a protean clinical picture that can range from asymptomatic patients to life-threatening conditions. Severe COVID-19 patients often display a severe pulmonary involvement and develop neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and strikingly elevated levels of IL-6. There is an over-exuberant cytokine release with hyperferritinemia leading to the idea that COVID-19 is part of the hyperferritinemic syndrome spectrum. Indeed, very high levels of ferritin can occur in other diseases including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation syndrome, adult-onset Still's disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and septic shock. Numerous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of ferritin and its association with mortality and sustained inflammatory process. High levels of free iron are harmful in tissues, especially through the redox damage that can lead to fibrosis. Iron chelation represents a pillar in the treatment of iron overload. In addition, it was proven to have an anti-viral and anti-fibrotic activity. Herein, we analyse the pathogenic role of ferritin and iron during SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose iron depletion therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bursi
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- The Mosaic of Autoimmunity Project, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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21
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Perricone C, Bartoloni E, Bursi R, Cafaro G, Guidelli GM, Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R. COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy. Immunol Res 2020; 68:213-224. [PMID: 32681497 PMCID: PMC7366458 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a protean clinical picture that can range from asymptomatic patients to life-threatening conditions. Severe COVID-19 patients often display a severe pulmonary involvement and develop neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and strikingly elevated levels of IL-6. There is an over-exuberant cytokine release with hyperferritinemia leading to the idea that COVID-19 is part of the hyperferritinemic syndrome spectrum. Indeed, very high levels of ferritin can occur in other diseases including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation syndrome, adult-onset Still's disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and septic shock. Numerous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of ferritin and its association with mortality and sustained inflammatory process. High levels of free iron are harmful in tissues, especially through the redox damage that can lead to fibrosis. Iron chelation represents a pillar in the treatment of iron overload. In addition, it was proven to have an anti-viral and anti-fibrotic activity. Herein, we analyse the pathogenic role of ferritin and iron during SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose iron depletion therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bursi
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- The Mosaic of Autoimmunity Project, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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Ashok A, Chaudhary S, Kritikos AE, Kang MH, McDonald D, Rhee DJ, Singh N. TGFβ2-Hepcidin Feed-Forward Loop in the Trabecular Meshwork Implicates Iron in Glaucomatous Pathology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32182331 PMCID: PMC7401420 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Elevated levels of transforming-growth-factor (TGF)-β2 in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and aqueous humor are associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The underlying mechanism includes alteration of extracellular matrix homeostasis through Smad-dependent and independent signaling. Smad4, an essential co-Smad, upregulates hepcidin, the master regulator of iron homeostasis. Here, we explored whether TGF-β2 upregulates hepcidin, implicating iron in the pathogenesis of POAG. Methods Primary human TM cells and human and bovine ex vivo anterior segment organ cultures were exposed to bioactive TGF-β2, hepcidin, heparin (a hepcidin antagonist), or N-acetyl carnosine (an antioxidant), and the change in the expression of hepcidin, ferroportin, ferritin, and TGF-β2 was evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified with dihydroethidium, an ROS-sensitive dye. Results Primary human TM cells and bovine TM tissue synthesize hepcidin locally, which is upregulated by bioactive TGF-β2. Hepcidin downregulates ferroportin, its downstream target, increasing ferritin and iron-catalyzed ROS. This causes reciprocal upregulation of TGF-β2 at the transcriptional and translational levels. Heparin downregulates hepcidin, and reduces TGF-β2-mediated increase in ferritin and ROS. Notably, both heparin and N-acetyl carnosine reduce TGF-β2-mediated reciprocal upregulation of TGF-β2. Conclusions The above observations suggest that TGF-β2 and hepcidin form a self-sustained feed-forward loop through iron-catalyzed ROS. This loop is partially disrupted by a hepcidin antagonist and an anti-oxidant, implicating iron and ROS in TGF-β2-mediated POAG. We propose that modification of currently available hepcidin antagonists for ocular use may prove beneficial for the therapeutic management of TGF-β2-associated POAG.
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Cilloni D, Ravera S, Calabrese C, Gaidano V, Niscola P, Balleari E, Gallo D, Petiti J, Signorino E, Rosso V, Panuzzo C, Sabatini F, Andreani G, Dragani M, Finelli C, Poloni A, Crugnola M, Voso MT, Fenu S, Pelizzari A, Santini V, Saglio G, Podestà M, Frassoni F. Iron overload alters the energy metabolism in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: results from the multicenter FISM BIOFER study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9156. [PMID: 32514107 PMCID: PMC7280296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematological malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and increased apoptosis in the bone marrow, which cause peripheral cytopenia. Mitochondria are key regulators of apoptosis and a site of iron accumulation that favors reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with detrimental effects on cell survival. Although the energy metabolism could represent an attractive therapeutic target, it was poorly investigated in MDS. The purpose of the study was to analyze how the presence of myelodysplastic hematopoiesis, iron overload and chelation impact on mitochondrial metabolism. We compared energy balance, OxPhos activity and efficiency, lactic dehydrogenase activity and lipid peroxidation in mononuclear cells (MNCs), isolated from 38 MDS patients and 79 healthy controls. Our data show that ATP/AMP ratio is reduced during aging and even more in MDS due to a decreased OxPhos activity associated with an increment of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the lactate fermentation enhancement was observed in MDS and elderly subjects, probably as an attempt to restore the energy balance. The biochemical alterations of MNCs from MDS patients have been partially restored by the in vitro iron chelation, while only slight effects were observed in the age-matched control samples. By contrast, the addition of iron chelators on MNCs from young healthy subjects determined a decrement in the OxPhos efficiency and an increment of lactate fermentation and lipid peroxidation. In summary, MDS-MNCs display an altered energy metabolism associated with increased oxidative stress, due to iron accumulation. This condition could be partially restored by iron chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Gaidano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Balleari
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Signorino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Andreani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Dragani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- Department of Haematology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Monica Crugnola
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Universita' Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Fenu
- Haematology Department, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Santini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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DFT benchmark study of the O–O bond dissociation energy in peroxides validated with high-level ab initio calculations. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fokam D, Dickson K, Kamali K, Holbein B, Colp P, Stueck A, Zhou J, Lehmann C. Iron Chelation in Murine Models of Systemic Inflammation Induced by Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Toxins. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060283. [PMID: 32466384 PMCID: PMC7345558 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for various physiological processes, but its levels must remain tightly regulated to avoid cellular damage. Similarly, iron plays a dual role in systemic inflammation, such as with sepsis. Leukocytes utilize iron to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill bacteria, but pathologically increased iron-catalyzed ROS production in sepsis can lead to damage of host cells, multi-organ failure and death. Temporary reduction in bioavailable iron represents a potential therapeutic target in sepsis. This study investigates the effect of the novel iron chelator, DIBI, in murine models of systemic (hyper-)inflammation: C57BL/6 mice were challenged with toxins from Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus: lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: lipopolysaccharide). Intravital microscopy (IVM) was performed to assess immune cell activation and its impact on microvascular blood flow in vivo in the microcirculation of the gut. Plasma inflammatory mediators were measured via multiplex assay, and morphologic change in intestinal tissue was evaluated. DIBI treatment decreased leukocyte (hyper-)activation induced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative toxins. In some cases, it preserved capillary perfusion, reduced plasma inflammatory markers and attenuated tissue damage. These findings support the utility of DIBI as a novel treatment for systemic inflammation, e.g., sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fokam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;
| | - Kayle Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (K.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Kiyana Kamali
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;
| | - Bruce Holbein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (K.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Patricia Colp
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (P.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Ashley Stueck
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (P.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (K.D.); (B.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-902-494-1287
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Fakharzadeh S, Argani H, Dadashzadeh S, Kalanaky S, Mohammadi Torbati P, Nazaran MH, Basiri A. BCc1 Nanomedicine Therapeutic Effects in Streptozotocin and High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1179-1188. [PMID: 32368111 PMCID: PMC7173843 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s240757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One common feature of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), is the disruption of iron metabolism and increase in labile iron pool, which can result in excessive production of harmful oxidative stress. The proper management of iron metabolism in this situation can be a valuable tool to ameliorate pathological events. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the previous studies, the anti-neoplastic effects of BCc1, a nanochelating-based nanomedicine with iron-chelating property, were demonstrated in cell culture, animal models and clinical trials. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of BCc1 in animal model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), induced by streptozotocin injection (35 mg/kg) and high-fat diet consumption, were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that BCc1 significantly decreased HOMA-IR index, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane. In addition, it reduced urinary albumin excretion rate and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in comparison to DKD control rats. This nanomedicine had no negative impact on liver iron content, hemoglobin level, red blood cell count, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, while it significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase compared to DKD control group. Moreover, the histopathological assessment indicated that lesser glomerular basement membrane and wrinkling, mesangial matrix expansion and pathological changes in proximal cortical tubules were seen in the kidney samples of BCc1-treated rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, BCc1 as an iron-chelating agent shows promising impacts in DKD animal model, which can ameliorate biochemical and pathological events of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Argani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Mohammadi Torbati
- Department of Pathology, Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Nazaran
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: Mohammad Hassan Nazaran Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran Tel/Fax +98 21 88992123 Email
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Abbas Basiri Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tel/Fax +98 21 22567222 Email
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Sajadi Hezaveh Z, Azarkeivan A, Janani L, Shidfar F. Effect of quercetin on oxidative stress and liver function in beta-thalassemia major patients receiving desferrioxamine: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:91. [PMID: 31741663 PMCID: PMC6856539 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_911_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Blood transfusion therapy is lifesaving for beta-thalassemia major patients, yet it indirectly causes complications such as oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the effect of quercetin supplementation on oxidative stress and liver function in beta-thalassemia major patients. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 84 beta-thalassemia patients who received desferrioxamine (DFO) were randomly assigned to two groups; the treatment group received 500 mg quercetin tablet daily for 12 weeks, and the control group received placebo. In addition to demographic and anthropometric assessment, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were biochemically assessed to detect the effect of quercetin on oxidative stress and liver function, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Before adjusting for confounding variables, within-group comparison showed that quercetin supplementation reduced ALT (P < 0.001) and TAC (P < 0.001) significantly. Between-group comparison using analysis of covariance analysis though showed that quercetin could significantly reduce ALT (P = 0.002), but there was an insignificant increase in SOD and TAC, and insignificant decrease in GPx, MDA, AST, and ALP (P > 0.05). Conclusion: According to our results, consumption of 500 mg quercetin supplement daily for 3 months along with DFO treatment might be able to alter liver function, but not the oxidative stress in beta-thalassemia major patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Azarkeivan
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bacterial Resistance in Pneumonia in Developing Countries-A Role for Iron Chelation. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4020059. [PMID: 30974759 PMCID: PMC6631655 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia represents one of the major infectious diseases in developing countries and is associated with high mortality, in particular in children under the age of five. The main causative bacterial agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type B, accounting for 33% and 16%, respectively, of the mortality in under-fives. Iron modulates the immune response in infectious diseases and increased iron levels can lead to complications such as sepsis and multiorgan failure. This review will look into the use of iron chelators in order to reduce microbial growth and attenuate a dysregulated immune response during infection. Our hypothesis is that temporary restriction of iron will lessen the incidence and complication rate of infections like pneumonia and result in a decrease of mortality and morbidity.
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Fakharzadeh S, Kalanaky S, Hafizi M, Nazaran MH, Zardooz H. DIBc, a nanochelating-based nano metal-organic framework, shows anti-diabetic effects in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2145-2156. [PMID: 30988614 PMCID: PMC6443220 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s196050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Despite daily increase in diabetic patients in the world, currently approved medications for this disease, at best, only reduce its progression speed. Using novel technologies is a solution for synthetizing more efficient medicines. In the present study, we evaluated anti-diabetic effects of DIBc, a nano metal–organic framework, which is synthetized based on nanochelating technology. Methods High-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated by DIBc or metformin for 6 weeks. Results DIBc decreased plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein compared with diabetic and metformin groups. In DIBc-treated rats, significant homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-α decrease was observed. H&E staining showed increased islet number and area in DIBc-treated rats compared with diabetic controls. Conclusion The results showed anti-diabetic effects of nanochelating-based framework. So DIBc, as a nano structure, has the capacity to be evaluated in future studies as a novel anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, .,Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran, .,Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran,
| | | | - Homeira Zardooz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, .,Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the mechanisms of iron regulation in the brain and the pathophysiological role of deregulation of iron homeostasis following a stroke, and to review existing evidence supporting the potential role of iron chelators in the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, accumulating evidence has highlighted the role of neuroinflammation in neurological injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and that free iron is central to this process. Via the Fenton reaction, free iron catalyzes the conversion of superoxide ion and hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals, which promote oxidative stress. Advances in our understanding of changes in brain iron metabolism and its relationship to neuronal injury in stroke could provide new therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of stroke patients. Pharmacological agents targeting brain iron regulation hold promise as potentially effective treatments in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Hanafy
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Disease, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue - Palmer 127, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joao A Gomes
- Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Magdy Selim
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Disease, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue - Palmer 127, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Deutsch MA, Gummert JF. Intraleaflet Hemorrhage and Iron-Dependent Pathomechanisms in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:1055-1058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sajadi Hezaveh Z, Azarkeivan A, Janani L, Hosseini S, Shidfar F. The effect of quercetin on iron overload and inflammation in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2019; 46:24-28. [PMID: 31519283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether quercetin can reduce iron overload and inflammation in thalassemic patients. METHODS Eighty four patients were recruited to this study and randomly assigned to two groups: 42 patients received a 500 mg/day quercetin tablet and 42 others took a 500 mg/day starch placebo for 12 weeks. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical evaluation were performed. RESULTS ANCOVA analysis revealed that compared to the control group, quercetin could reduce high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.046), iron (p = 0.036), ferritin (p = 0.043), and transferrin saturation (TS) (p = 0.008) and increase transferrin (p = 0.045) significantly, but it had no significant effect on total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (p = 0.734) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (p = 0.310). CONCLUSIONS Quercetin could ameliorate the iron status in thalassemia major, but its effect on inflammation is indistinctive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Azarkeivan
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharieh Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nomani H, Bayat G, Sahebkar A, Fazelifar AF, Vakilian F, Jomezade V, Johnston TP, Mohammadpour AH. Atrial fibrillation in β‐thalassemia patients with a focus on the role of iron‐overload and oxidative stress: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12249-12266. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Homa Nomani
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Golnaz Bayat
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Farjam Fazelifar
- Department of Pacemaker and Electrophysiology Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Farveh Vakilian
- Atherosclerotic Research Center Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Vahid Jomezade
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Dickson K, Liu S, Zhou J, Langille M, Holbein BE, Lehmann C. Selective sensitivity of the gut microbiome to iron chelators in polybacterial abdominal sepsis. Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:68-71. [PMID: 30220344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron chelation has been proposed as a potential therapy for polybacterial abdominal sepsis. Treatment with iron chelation is known to be able to attenuate bacterial growth. It is hypothesized that the different types of bacteria will exhibit variations in their sensitivity to iron chelation based on differences in their iron metabolism. Bacteria with weaker iron access systems might have their growth reduced initially, but stronger species may also be suppressed. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are known to possess different iron acquisition systems, which may affect their response to iron chelation. Bacteria which can produce siderophores are at a particular advantage for iron acquisition. Novel iron chelators, which do not act as xenosiderophores, may be effective in depriving these bacteria of iron. This has implications for the treatment of polybacterial sepsis, which might be enhanced if the sensitivity to iron chelation of the primary causative agents is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayle Dickson
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Simo Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Morgan Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Bruce E Holbein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. No effects without causes: the Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes hypothesis for chronic, inflammatory diseases. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1518-1557. [PMID: 29575574 PMCID: PMC6055827 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the successful conquest of many acute, communicable (infectious) diseases through the use of vaccines and antibiotics, the currently most prevalent diseases are chronic and progressive in nature, and are all accompanied by inflammation. These diseases include neurodegenerative (e.g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), vascular (e.g. atherosclerosis, pre-eclampsia, type 2 diabetes) and autoimmune (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis) diseases that may appear to have little in common. In fact they all share significant features, in particular chronic inflammation and its attendant inflammatory cytokines. Such effects do not happen without underlying and initially 'external' causes, and it is of interest to seek these causes. Taking a systems approach, we argue that these causes include (i) stress-induced iron dysregulation, and (ii) its ability to awaken dormant, non-replicating microbes with which the host has become infected. Other external causes may be dietary. Such microbes are capable of shedding small, but functionally significant amounts of highly inflammagenic molecules such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. Sequelae include significant coagulopathies, not least the recently discovered amyloidogenic clotting of blood, leading to cell death and the release of further inflammagens. The extensive evidence discussed here implies, as was found with ulcers, that almost all chronic, infectious diseases do in fact harbour a microbial component. What differs is simply the microbes and the anatomical location from and at which they exert damage. This analysis offers novel avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester, 131 Princess StreetManchesterLancsM1 7DNU.K.
- The Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester, 131 Princess StreetManchesterLancsM1 7DNU.K.
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
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Fourie R, Kuloyo OO, Mochochoko BM, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. Iron at the Centre of Candida albicans Interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:185. [PMID: 29922600 PMCID: PMC5996042 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an absolute requirement for both the host and most pathogens alike and is needed for normal cellular growth. The acquisition of iron by biological systems is regulated to circumvent toxicity of iron overload, as well as the growth deficits imposed by iron deficiency. In addition, hosts, such as humans, need to limit the availability of iron to pathogens. However, opportunistic pathogens such as Candida albicans are able to adapt to extremes of iron availability, such as the iron replete environment of the gastrointestinal tract and iron deficiency during systemic infection. C. albicans has developed a complex and effective regulatory circuit for iron acquisition and storage to circumvent iron limitation within the human host. As C. albicans can form complex interactions with both commensal and pathogenic co-inhabitants, it can be speculated that iron may play an important role in these interactions. In this review, we highlight host iron regulation as well as regulation of iron homeostasis in C. albicans. In addition, the review argues for the need for further research into the role of iron in polymicrobial interactions. Lastly, the role of iron in treatment of C. albicans infection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Fourie
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Oluwasegun O Kuloyo
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Bonang M Mochochoko
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Burg A, Fastovesky E, Shamir D, Kornweitz H, Meyerstein D. The reaction between the peroxide VO(η 2-O 2)(pyridine-2-carboxylate)·2H 2O and Fe IIaq is not a Fenton-like reaction. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1178729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Burg
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ella Fastovesky
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Haya Kornweitz
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Xia Y, Farah N, Maxan A, Zhou J, Lehmann C. Therapeutic iron restriction in sepsis. Med Hypotheses 2016; 89:37-9. [PMID: 26968906 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis represents the systemic immune response to an infection. Mortality of sepsis slightly decreased over the past years, but due to the growing incidence, the absolute number of deaths still increases and belongs to the three most frequent causes of death worldwide. To date, there is no specific treatment for sepsis available yet. Iron is essential to both human beings and microbes and of great significance in many physiological and biochemical processes. Since iron is involved in the bacterial proliferation and immune dysregulation, we hypothesize that restricting host iron levels by application of iron chelators attenuates bacterial growth and improves the detrimental dysregulation of the systemic immune response in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nizam Farah
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Alexander Maxan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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