1
|
Bertola N, Regis S, Bruno S, Mazzarello AN, Serra M, Lupia M, Sabatini F, Corsolini F, Ravera S, Cappelli E. Effects of Deacetylase Inhibition on the Activation of the Antioxidant Response and Aerobic Metabolism in Cellular Models of Fanconi Anemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051100. [PMID: 37237966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a dysfunctional DNA repair and an oxidative stress accumulation due to defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, not counteracted by endogenous antioxidant defenses, which appear down-expressed compared to the control. Since the antioxidant response lack could depend on the hypoacetylation of genes coding for detoxifying enzymes, we treated lymphoblasts and fibroblasts mutated for the FANC-A gene with some histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), namely, valproic acid (VPA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (OHB), and EX527 (a Sirt1 inhibitor), under basal conditions and after hydrogen peroxide addition. The results show that VPA increased catalase and glutathione reductase expression and activity, corrected the metabolic defect, lowered lipid peroxidation, restored the mitochondrial fusion and fission balance, and improved mitomycin survival. In contrast, OHB, despite a slight increase in antioxidant enzyme expressions, exacerbated the metabolic defect, increasing oxidative stress production, probably because it also acts as an oxidative phosphorylation metabolite, while EX527 showed no effect. In conclusion, the data suggest that VPA could be a promising drug to modulate the gene expression in FA cells, confirming that the antioxidant response modulation plays a pivotal in FA pathogenesis as it acts on both oxidative stress levels and the mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bertola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Regis
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Martina Serra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Lupia
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsolini
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dell'Orso G, Bagnasco F, Giardino S, Pierri F, Ferrando G, Di Martino D, Micalizzi C, Guardo D, Volpi S, Sabatini F, Miano M, Gattorno M, Dufour C, Faraci M. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for inborn errors of immunity: 30-year single-center experience. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103080. [PMID: 36825011 PMCID: PMC9941625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents an effective treatment for a variety of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We report the experience of children affected by IEI who received allo-HSCT over a period of 32 years at IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy. HSCTs were performed in 67 children with IEI. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) rate at 5 years in the whole group of patients was 83.4% after a median follow-up of 4 years. Median age at transplant was 2.5 years. Eight allo-HSCTs were complicated by either primary or secondary graft failure (GF), the overall incidence of this complication being 10.9%. Incidence of grade 3-4 acute GvHD (aGvHD) was 18.7%, significantly lower in the haploidentical transplant cohort (p = 0.005). Year of transplant (≤2006 vs. >2006) was the main factor influencing the outcome. In fact, a significant improvement in 5-year OS was demonstrated (92.5% >2006 vs. 65% ≤2006, p = 0.049). Frequency of severe aGvHD was significantly reduced in recent years (≤2006 61.5%, vs. >2006 20%, p = 0.027). A significant progress has been the introduction of the TCR αβ/CD19-depleted haploidentical platform, which was associated with the absence of severe aGvHD. However, it was associated with 23.5% incidence of GF. All but one patient experiencing GF in the this specific cohort were successfully retransplanted. In summary, allo-HSCT is confirmed to be an effective treatment for children with IEI, even in the absence of an HLA-matched donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Dell'Orso
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bagnasco
- Scientific Directorate, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Giardino
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filomena Pierri
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrando
- Infectious Diseases Unit and COVID-Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Guardo
- Hematology Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapies Laboratory, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Miano
- Hematology Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- Hematology Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maura Faraci
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giardino S, Bagnasco F, Falco M, Miano M, Pierri F, Risso M, Terranova P, Martino DD, Massaccesi E, Ricci M, Chianucci B, Dell'Orso G, Sabatini F, Podestà M, Lanino E, Faraci M. HAPLOIDENTICAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION AFTER TCR αβ +AND CD19 + CELLS DEPLETION IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL NON-MALIGNANT DISEASE. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:394.e1-394.e9. [PMID: 35405368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) represents a valuable alternative for children with non-malignant disease and ex-vivo negative selection of TCR αβ+-cells is an emerging graft manipulation option that carries several potential advantages in terms of reduced risk of Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) and improved immune reconstitution. METHODS . We reported all consecutive patients with a diagnosis of non-malignant disease who received a TCR-αβ+ and CD19+depleted haplo-HSCT at "IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini" from 2013 to 2019; the conditioning regimen was myeloablative or non-myeloablative, depending on underlying disease; all patients received anti-thymocyte globulin and rituximab. No post-transplant GvHD prophylaxis was given in presence of a TCR-αβ+ cell-dose in the graft lower than the threshold of 1 × 105/kg of the recipient's weight. RESULTS . Among 20 HSCTs, engraftment occurred in 17 (85%) after a median of 14 and 12 days from graft infusion for neutrophils and platelets respectively. Primary graft failure was diagnosed in 3 (15%) patients, two (10%) experienced secondary rejection; all of these underwent a second HSCT. The cumulative incidence of a-GvHD and c-GvHD was 15% (2 grade 1, 1 grade 4) at 90 days and 5% (1 grade 1) at 7 months, respectively. Cytomegalovirus reactivation requiring pre-emptive treatment was observed in 9 patients (45%). One patient developed a JC virus-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, successfully managed with donor-derived virus-specific T-cell infusions. A complete immunological recovery was reached in most patients within 6 months. After a median follow-up of 4 years, 18 patients are alive, with a cumulative survival probability of 90%. CONCLUSION . Haplo-HSCT after ex-vivo TCR-αβ+/CD19+ negative selection may be considered a good option for children with non-malignant diseases since it ensures a high engraftment rate with an acceptable risk of graft failure, very low incidence of significant GvHD, and good immune reconstitution with low frequency of severe virus-related disease. However, the control of viral infection/reactivation should be kept high in order to promptly provide pre-emptive treatments and approaches of antiviral adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giardino
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bagnasco
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Falco
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Miano
- Hematology Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filomena Pierri
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Risso
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Department, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Terranova
- Laboratory of Hematology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Margherita Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Benedetta Chianucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Gianluca Dell'Orso
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapies Laboratory, IRCSS IstitutoGianninaGaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapies Laboratory, IRCSS IstitutoGianninaGaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Lanino
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maura Faraci
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravera S, Vigliarolo T, Bruno S, Morandi F, Marimpietri D, Sabatini F, Dagnino M, Petretto A, Bartolucci M, Muraca M, Biasin E, Haupt R, Zecca M, Fagioli F, Cilloni D, Podestà M, Frassoni F. Identification of Biochemical and Molecular Markers of Early Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205214. [PMID: 34680366 PMCID: PMC8534026 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) display a higher risk of developing second malignant tumors and chronic diseases compared with aged-matched controls because of chemo/radiotherapy. This early frailty seems associated with accelerated cell aging, a process correlated with altered mitochondrial energy production. Therefore, this work aims to shed light on the mechanisms involved in chemo/radiotherapy-induced early aging, morbidities, and the risk of developing second tumors in CCS through a biochemical and molecular approach. The identification of crucial mechanisms involved in the CCS chemo/radiotherapy-related pathological conditions will allow identifying therapeutic targets to develop appropriate risk-based care and interventions, minimize morbidities, and maximize the quality of life in the cancer survivor population. Abstract Survival rates of childhood cancer patients have improved over the past four decades, although cancer treatments increase the risk of developing chronic diseases typical of aging. Thus, we aimed to identify molecular/metabolic cellular alterations responsible for early aging in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Biochemical, proteomic, and molecular biology analyses were conducted on mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolated from peripheral blood of 196 CCS, the results being compared with those obtained on MNCs of 154 healthy subjects. CCS-MNCs showed inefficient oxidative phosphorylation associated with low energy status, and increased lipid peroxidation and lactate fermentation compared with age-matched normal controls. According to a mathematical model based on biochemical parameters, CCS-MNCs showed significantly higher metabolic ages than their real ages. The dysfunctional metabolism of CCS-MNCs is associated with lower expression levels of genes and proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism regulation, such as CLUH, PGC1-alpha, and SIRT6 in CCS, not observed in the age-matched healthy or elderly subjects. In conclusion, our study identified some biochemical and molecular alterations possibly contributing to the pathophysiology of aging and metabolic deficiencies in CCS. These results identify new targets for pharmacological interventions to restore mitochondrial function, slowing down the aging-associated pathologies in CCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (T.V.); (F.M.); (D.M.); (F.S.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (F.F.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-335-7871
| | - Tiziana Vigliarolo
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (T.V.); (F.M.); (D.M.); (F.S.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Fabio Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (T.V.); (F.M.); (D.M.); (F.S.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (T.V.); (F.M.); (D.M.); (F.S.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (T.V.); (F.M.); (D.M.); (F.S.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Monica Dagnino
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (T.V.); (F.M.); (D.M.); (F.S.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Monica Muraca
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit and DOPO Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Eleonora Biasin
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit and DOPO Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (T.V.); (F.M.); (D.M.); (F.S.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (T.V.); (F.M.); (D.M.); (F.S.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (F.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Mathematics (DIMA), University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morandi F, Sabatini F, Podestà M, Airoldi I. Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and Future. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:43. [PMID: 33450862 PMCID: PMC7828327 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor with a heterogeneous clinical course, ranging from spontaneous regression to metastatic disease and death, irrespective of intensive chemotherapeutic regimen. On the basis of several parameters, children affected by neuroblastoma are stratified into low, intermediate and high risk. At present, more than 50% of high-risk patients with metastatic spread display an overall poor long-term outcome also complicated by devastating long-term morbidities. Thus, novel and more effective therapies are desperately needed to improve lifespan of high-risk patients. In this regard, adoptive cell therapy holds great promise and several clinical trials are ongoing, demonstrating safety and tolerability, with no toxicities. Starting from the immunological and clinical features of neuroblastoma, we here discuss the immunotherapeutic approaches currently adopted for high-risk patients and different innovative therapeutic strategies currently under investigation. The latter are based on the infusion of natural killer (NK) cells, as support of consolidation therapy in addition to standard treatments, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells directed against neuroblastoma associated antigens (e.g., disialoganglioside GD2). Finally, future perspectives of adoptive cell therapies represented by γδ T lymphocyes and CAR NK cells are envisaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irma Airoldi
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS), Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cilloni D, Ravera S, Calabrese C, Gaidano V, Niscola P, Balleari E, Gallo D, Petiti J, Signorino E, Rosso V, Panuzzo C, Sabatini F, Andreani G, Dragani M, Finelli C, Poloni A, Crugnola M, Voso MT, Fenu S, Pelizzari A, Santini V, Saglio G, Podestà M, Frassoni F. Iron overload alters the energy metabolism in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: results from the multicenter FISM BIOFER study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9156. [PMID: 32514107 PMCID: PMC7280296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematological malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and increased apoptosis in the bone marrow, which cause peripheral cytopenia. Mitochondria are key regulators of apoptosis and a site of iron accumulation that favors reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with detrimental effects on cell survival. Although the energy metabolism could represent an attractive therapeutic target, it was poorly investigated in MDS. The purpose of the study was to analyze how the presence of myelodysplastic hematopoiesis, iron overload and chelation impact on mitochondrial metabolism. We compared energy balance, OxPhos activity and efficiency, lactic dehydrogenase activity and lipid peroxidation in mononuclear cells (MNCs), isolated from 38 MDS patients and 79 healthy controls. Our data show that ATP/AMP ratio is reduced during aging and even more in MDS due to a decreased OxPhos activity associated with an increment of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the lactate fermentation enhancement was observed in MDS and elderly subjects, probably as an attempt to restore the energy balance. The biochemical alterations of MNCs from MDS patients have been partially restored by the in vitro iron chelation, while only slight effects were observed in the age-matched control samples. By contrast, the addition of iron chelators on MNCs from young healthy subjects determined a decrement in the OxPhos efficiency and an increment of lactate fermentation and lipid peroxidation. In summary, MDS-MNCs display an altered energy metabolism associated with increased oxidative stress, due to iron accumulation. This condition could be partially restored by iron chelation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Gaidano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Balleari
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Signorino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Andreani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Dragani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- Department of Haematology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Monica Crugnola
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Universita' Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Fenu
- Haematology Department, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Santini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paoletti E, Alivernini A, Anav A, Badea O, Carrari E, Chivulescu S, Conte A, Ciriani ML, Dalstein-Richier L, De Marco A, Fares S, Fasano G, Giovannelli A, Lazzara M, Leca S, Materassi A, Moretti V, Pitar D, Popa I, Sabatini F, Salvati L, Sicard P, Sorgi T, Hoshika Y. Toward stomatal-flux based forest protection against ozone: The MOTTLES approach. Sci Total Environ 2019; 691:516-527. [PMID: 31325852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
European standards for the protection of forests from ozone (O3) are based on atmospheric exposure (AOT40) that is not always representative of O3 effects since it is not a proxy of gas uptake through stomata (stomatal flux). MOTTLES "MOnitoring ozone injury for seTTing new critical LEvelS" is a LIFE project aimed at establishing a permanent network of forest sites based on active O3 monitoring at remote areas at high and medium risk of O3 injury, in order to define new standards based on stomatal flux, i.e. PODY (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold Y of uptake). Based on the first year of data collected at MOTTLES sites, we describe the MOTTLES monitoring station, together with protocols and metric calculation methods. AOT40 and PODY, computed with different methods, are then compared and correlated with forest-health indicators (radial growth, crown defoliation, visible foliar O3 injury). For the year 2017, the average AOT40 calculated according to the European Directive was even 5 times (on average 1.7 times) the European legislative standard for the protection of forests. When the metrics were calculated according to the European protocols (EU Directive 2008/50/EC or Modelling and Mapping Manual LTRAP Convention), the values were well correlated to those obtained on the basis of the real duration of the growing season (i.e. MOTTLES method) and were thus representative of the actual exposure/flux. AOT40 showed opposite direction relative to PODY. Visible foliar O3 injury appeared as the best forest-health indicator for O3 under field conditions and was more frequently detected at forest edge than inside the forest. The present work may help the set-up of further long-term forest monitoring sites dedicated to O3 assessment in forests, especially because flux-based assessments are recommended as part of monitoring air pollution impacts on ecosystems in the revised EU National Emissions Ceilings Directive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Paoletti
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Alivernini
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale S. Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - A Anav
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; ENEA, SSPT-PVS, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Santa Maria di Galeria (Rome), Italy
| | - O Badea
- INCDS, 128 Eroilor Bvd., 077030 Voluntari, Romania
| | - E Carrari
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - S Chivulescu
- INCDS, 128 Eroilor Bvd., 077030 Voluntari, Romania
| | - A Conte
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale S. Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - M L Ciriani
- GIEFS, 69 avenue des Hespérides, 06300 Nice, France
| | | | - A De Marco
- ENEA, SSPT-PVS, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Santa Maria di Galeria (Rome), Italy
| | - S Fares
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale S. Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - G Fasano
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Giovannelli
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Lazzara
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S Leca
- INCDS, 128 Eroilor Bvd., 077030 Voluntari, Romania
| | - A Materassi
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - V Moretti
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale S. Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - D Pitar
- INCDS, 128 Eroilor Bvd., 077030 Voluntari, Romania
| | - I Popa
- INCDS, 128 Eroilor Bvd., 077030 Voluntari, Romania
| | - F Sabatini
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Salvati
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale S. Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - P Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 route du Pin Montard, 06410 Biot, France
| | - T Sorgi
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale S. Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Y Hoshika
- CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ulian MD, Aburad L, da Silva Oliveira MS, Poppe ACM, Sabatini F, Perez I, Gualano B, Benatti FB, Pinto AJ, Roble OJ, Vessoni A, de Morais Sato P, Unsain RF, Baeza Scagliusi F. Effects of health at every size® interventions on health-related outcomes of people with overweight and obesity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1659-1666. [PMID: 30261553 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The growing use of interventions based on the Health at Every Size® (HAES®) in obesity management. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to summarize the health-related effects of HAES®-based interventions on people with overweight and obesity. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Google Scholar, OpenGrey and Grey Literature Report. STUDY SELECTION A systematic review of studies published until January 2017 reporting on HAES®-based randomized and non-randomized controlled trials in people with overweight and/or obesity. DATA EXTRACTION Fourteen papers met the inclusion criteria. The assessed studies included the following tests: blood profile, blood pressure, anthropometry, eating behaviour, energy intake, diet quality, psychological and qualitative evaluations. RESULTS The HAES® interventions benefited both the psychological and physical activity outcomes, besides promoting behavioural and qualitative changes in eating habits. On the other hand, the results regarding cardiovascular responses, body-image perception and total energy intake were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Despite improving the cardiovascular status, eating behaviours, quality of life and psychological well-being in participants, other large long-term clinical trials should be performed to establish the effectiveness of HAES®-based interventions in improving health for people with overweight and obesity. PROSPERO registration 2017: CRD42017054857.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Ulian
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Aburad
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S da Silva Oliveira
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C M Poppe
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Sabatini
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Perez
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F B Benatti
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - A J Pinto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - O J Roble
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A Vessoni
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - P de Morais Sato
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R F Unsain
- Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - F Baeza Scagliusi
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ravera S, Degan P, Sabatini F, Columbaro M, Dufour C, Cappelli E. Altered lipid metabolism could drive the bone marrow failure in fanconi anaemia. Br J Haematol 2018. [PMID: 29528104 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR-Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- U.O. Mutagenesis, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST (Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro), Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Dipartimento Ricerca Traslazionale, Medicina di Laboratorio, Diagnostica e Servizi U.O.C. Laboratorio cellule staminali post natali e terapie cellulari, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- Haematology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rossi EG, Bellandi T, Picchi M, Baccetti S, Monechi MV, Vuono C, Sabatini F, Traversi A, Di Stefano M, Firenzuoli F, Albolino S, Tartaglia R. Patient Safety in Complementary Medicine through the Application of Clinical Risk Management in the Public Health System. Medicines (Basel) 2017; 4:medicines4040093. [PMID: 29258191 PMCID: PMC5750617 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To develop a systematic approach to detect and prevent clinical risks in complementary medicine (CM) and increase patient safety through the analysis of activities in homeopathy and acupuncture centres in the Tuscan region using a significant event audit (SEA) and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). Methods: SEA is the selected tool for studying adverse events (AE) and detecting the best solutions to prevent future incidents in our Regional Healthcare Service (RHS). This requires the active participation of all the actors and external experts to validate the analysis. FMEA is a proactive risk assessment tool involving the selection of the clinical process, the input of a multidisciplinary group of experts, description of the process, identification of the failure modes (FMs) for each step, estimates of the frequency, severity, and detectability of FMs, calculation of the risk priority number (RPN), and prioritized improvement actions to prevent FMs. Results: In homeopathy, the greatest risk depends on the decision to switch from allopathic to homeopathic therapy. In acupuncture, major problems can arise, mainly from delayed treatment and from the modalities of needle insertion. Conclusions: The combination of SEA and FMEA can reveal potential risks for patients and suggest actions for safer and more reliable services in CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elio G Rossi
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Bellandi
- Regional Centre for Clinical Risk Management and Patient Safety, 50100 Florence, Italy; (T.B.).
| | - Marco Picchi
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Sonia Baccetti
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Valeria Monechi
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Catia Vuono
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Antonella Traversi
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Mariella Di Stefano
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Tuscan Regional Centre for Integrative Medicine, Region of Tuscany, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Sara Albolino
- Regional Centre for Clinical Risk Management and Patient Safety, 50100 Florence, Italy; (T.B.).
| | - Riccardo Tartaglia
- Regional Centre for Clinical Risk Management and Patient Safety, 50100 Florence, Italy; (T.B.).
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hasmim M, Bruno S, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Michel JG, Chiabotto G, Lecoz V, Romei C, Spaggiari GM, Pezzolo A, Pistoia V, Angevin E, Gad S, Ferlicot S, Messai Y, Kieda C, Clay D, Sabatini F, Escudier B, Camussi G, Eid P, Azzarone B, Chouaib S. Isolation and characterization of renal cancer stem cells from patient-derived xenografts. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15507-24. [PMID: 26551931 PMCID: PMC4941257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As rapidly developing patient-derived xenografts (PDX) could represent potential sources of cancer stem cells (CSC), we selected and characterized non-cultured PDX cell suspensions from four different renal carcinomas (RCC). Only the cell suspensions from the serial xenografts (PDX-1 and PDX-2) of an undifferentiated RCC (RCC-41) adapted to the selective CSC medium. The cell suspension derived from the original tumor specimen (RCC-41-P-0) did not adapt to the selective medium and strongly expressed CSC-like markers (CD133 and CD105) together with the non-CSC tumor marker E-cadherin. In comparison, PDX-1 and PDX-2 cells exhibited evolution in their phenotype since PDX-1 cells were CD133high/CD105-/Ecadlow and PDX-2 cells were CD133low/CD105-/Ecad-. Both PDX subsets expressed additional stem cell markers (CD146/CD29/OCT4/NANOG/Nestin) but still contained non-CSC tumor cells. Therefore, using different cell sorting strategies, we characterized 3 different putative CSC subsets (RCC-41-PDX-1/CD132+, RCC-41-PDX-2/CD133-/EpCAMlow and RCC-41-PDX-2/CD133+/EpCAMbright). In addition, transcriptomic analysis showed that RCC-41-PDX-2/CD133− over-expressed the pluripotency gene ERBB4, while RCC-41-PDX-2/CD133+ over-expressed several tumor suppressor genes. These three CSC subsets displayed ALDH activity, formed serial spheroids and developed serial tumors in SCID mice, although RCC-41-PDX-1/CD132+ and RCC-41-PDX-2/CD133+ displayed less efficiently the above CSC properties. RCC-41-PDX-1/CD132+ tumors showed vessels of human origin with CSC displaying peri-vascular distribution. By contrast, RCC-41-PDX-2 originated tumors exhibiting only vessels of mouse origin without CSC peri-vascular distribution. Altogether, our results indicate that PDX murine microenvironment promotes a continuous redesign of CSC phenotype, unmasking CSC subsets potentially present in a single RCC or generating ex novo different CSC-like subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Hasmim
- INSERM U 1186, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France.,INSERM UMR 1014, Lavoisier Building, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Healthy Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMR 1014, Lavoisier Building, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMR 1014, Lavoisier Building, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Giron Michel
- INSERM UMR 1014, Lavoisier Building, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincent Lecoz
- INSERM UMR 1014, Lavoisier Building, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratory of Oncology Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eric Angevin
- INSERM U 1186, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Gad
- INSERM U 1186, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique EPHE, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ferlicot
- INSERM U 1186, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Yosra Messai
- INSERM U 1186, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Denis Clay
- INSERM UMR 972, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernard Escudier
- INSERM U 1186, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMR 1014, Lavoisier Building, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM U 1186, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Campus, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ortiz M, Schnabel K, Teut M, Rotter G, Binting S, Cree M, Lotz F, Suhr R, Brinkhaus B, Parvizi MM, Handjani F, Zarshenas MM, Moein MR, Nimrouzi M, Hatam G, Hasanzadeh J, Hamidizadeh N, Parvizi MM, Heydari M, Namazi MR, Parvizi Z, Pasalar M, Mosaffa-Jahromi M, Bagheri-Lankarani K, Afsharypuor S, Tamaddon AM, Ostovar M, Peloni G, Bolliger I, Faria RMDC, Quadri P, Sanzeni W, Zemp D, Risvoll H, Giverhaug T, Halvorsen KH, Waaseth M, Musial F, Rossi E, Baccetti S, Picchi M, Conti T, Firenzuoli F, Guido C, Bosco F, Guido C, Rossi E, Panozzo M, Picchi M, Cervino C, Nurra L, Rossi E, Picchi M, Firenzuoli F, Traversi A, Vuono K, Sabatini F, Bellandi T, Rutert B, Eggert A, Seifert G, Stritter W, Holmberg C, Längler A, Salamonsen A, Wiesener S, Schad F, Steele M, Kröz M, Matthes H, Herbstreit C, Thronicke A, Schlingensiepen I, von Schoen-Angerer T, Schneider R, Waeber L, Vagedes J, Kaczala G, Pharisa C, Wildhaber J, Huber B, Sidorov P, Sovershaeva E, Simões-Wüst AP, Nietlispach A, Mennet M, Schnelle M, von Mandach U, Wang X, Woo HL, Lee JM, Wu Y, Cho Y, Yun Y, Kim H, Jung W, Jang BH, Ziea E, Hui H, Li M, Tsui D, Lam C, Hsieh J, Chan E, Balneaves L, Burnside S, Doyle E, Dorazio S, Chan PK, Bhagra A, Chen PH, Chung VCH, Wu JCY, Lin ZX, Wong W, Wu XY, Ho RST, Wong CHL, Chan L, Ziea ETC, Elder W, Cardarelli R, Kaspar C, Kempenich R, Kopferschmitt J, Marinko Z, Damir S, Vcev A, Monezi R, Ruggerini EM, Fuchigami IM, Mazini ACM, Monezi R, Oliveira MW, Papuga P, Schloss J, Steel A, Jacobsen MDS, Monezi R, Jacobsen MR, Mangini MT, Trapani G, Di Giampietro T, Zanino L, Ciullo L, Lanaro D, Cerritelli F, Macrì F, Tsai A, Lin C, Wu TH, D’Alessandro E, Watts S, Zhang Y, Wu X, Li X, Fei Y, Liu J, Zhao N, Jia L, Yan X, Zhen F, Liu Z, Liu J, Ahn J, Yun Y, AlEidi S, Mohamed AG, Al-Beda AM, Abutalib RA, Khalil MKM, Amri H, Badekila S, Behmanesh E, Mozaffarpour S, Behmanesh E, Mozaffarpour S, Behmanesh E, Shirooye P, Meybodi RN, Mokaberinejad R, Tansaz M, Mozaffarpour S, Chung VCH, Wu XY, Wu JCY, Daneshfard B, Hosseinkhani A, Tafazoli V, Jaladat AM, Jaladat AM, Sadeghi H, Jia L, Zhao N, Yan X, Zhou L, Zhao M, Li W, Liu J, Liu Z, Jia L, Zhao N, Yan X, Zhou L, Zhao M, Li W, Liu J, Liu Z, Larsen AL, Salamonsen A, Kristoffersen AE, Hamran T, Evjen B, Stub T, Li M, Cai J, Lu T, Yin L, Wu D, Wang L, Liew SM, Liu T, Bai C, Zheng Z, Wan Y, Xu J, Wang X, Yu H, Gu X, Liu Z, Yan X, Jia L, Zhao N, Yang G, Liu J, Mozaffarpour S, Behmanesh E, Nimrouzi M, Tafazoli V, Daneshfard B, Ostrowski D, Fox K, Pasalar M, Tabatabei F, Amini F, Sathasivampillai S, Rajamanoharan P, Munday M, Heinrich M, Scherrer YM, Heinrich M, Szuter C, Amini F, Tabatabaei F, Tavakoli A, Tavakoli F, Pasalar M, rostami M, Torri MC, Szuter C, Walach H, Warner F, Majumdar A, Serasingh P, Yan X, Jia L, Zhao N, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhao N, Zhen F, Jia L, Yan X, Liu Z, Liu J, Abbing A, Ponstein A, Baars E, Croke S, Hanser S, Heckel V, Krüerke D, Simões-Wüst AP, Weiss S, Metzner S, Lee JW, Hyun MK, Masetti M, Oepen R, Gruber H, Heusser P, Pelz H, Perlitz V, Ponstein A, Abbing A, Baars E, Robinson N, Ronan P, Mian A, Madge S, Lorenc A, Agent P, Carr S, Ronan P, Robinson N, Carr S, Mian A, Lorenc A, Agent P, Madge S, Winnubst ME, Monezi R, Abolghasemi J, Heydari M, Baccetti S, Rossi E, Fedi P, Di Stefano M, Belvedere K, Baccetti S, Rossi E, Firenzuoli F, Di Stefano M, Belvedere K, Beaven K, Rose A, Florschutz G, Phil NB, Parsons H, Stewart-Brown S, Burke K, Busch M, Heyning F, Smit J, Jeekel H, de Goeij H, Guido PC, Barraza N, Balbarrey Z, Ribas A, Jimenez B, Iachino C, Quattrone F, Gaioli M, Dell’Orso M, Villanueva S, Rocha C, Macchi A, Cai J, Chen L, Wu D, Wang S, Choi E, Go N, Lee Y, Dahal G, Frauenknecht X, Gerhardt H, Galanti M, Cerda CJ, Galanti M, Galanti M, Heckersdorf DN, Jorquera H, Saldivia MLA, Jakubonienė D, McEwen B, Melo F, Fontana FM, Valle ACV, Neres MTB, Mohagheghzadeh A, Zohalinezhad ME, Njaradi O, Dunjic M, Njaradi O, Dunjic M, Ostrowski D, Fox K, Pokladnikova J, Selke-Krulichova I, Seo J, Jang H, Simões-Wüst AP, Moltó-Puigmartí C, van Dongen M, Dagnelie P, Thijs C, Tihanyi E, Hegyi G, Zhang Y, Li X, Fei Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Tong X. World Congress Integrative Medicine & Health 2017: part three. Altern Ther Health Med 2017. [PMCID: PMC5499100 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
13
|
Ricciardolo FLM, Petecchia L, Sorbello V, Di Stefano A, Usai C, Massaglia GM, Gnemmi I, Mognetti B, Hiemstra PS, Sterk PJ, Sabatini F. Bradykinin B2 receptor expression in the bronchial mucosa of allergic asthmatics: the role of NF-kB. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:428-38. [PMID: 26588817 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradykinin (BK) mediates acute allergic asthma and airway remodelling. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) is potentially involved in BK B2 receptor (B2R) regulation. OBJECTIVE In this observational cross-sectional study, B2R and NF-kB expression was evaluated in bronchial biopsies from mild asthmatics (after diluent/allergen challenge) and healthy controls, examining the role of NF-kB in B2R expression in primary human fibroblasts from normal and asthmatic subjects (HNBFb and HABFb). METHODS B2R and NF-kB (total and nuclear) expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in biopsies from 10 mild intermittent asthmatics (48 h after diluent/allergen challenge) and 10 controls undergoing bronchoscopy. B2R co-localization in 5B5(+) and αSMA(+) mesenchymal cells was studied by immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy, and B2R expression in HABFb/HNBFb incubated with interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 with/without BK, and after NF-kB inhibitor, by Western blotting. RESULTS Bronchial mucosa B2R and nuclear NF-kB expression was higher in asthmatics after diluent (B2R only) and allergen challenge than in controls (P < 0.05), while B2R and NF-kB (total and nuclear) increased after allergen compared with after diluent (P < 0.05). Allergen exposure increased B2R expression in 5B5(+) and αSMA(+) cells. Constitutive B2R protein expression was higher in HABFb than in HNBFb (P < 0.05) and increased in both cell types after IL-13 or IL-4/IL-13 and BK treatment. This increase was suppressed by a NF-kB inhibitor (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bronchial B2R expression is constitutively elevated in allergic asthma and is further increased after allergen exposure together with NF-kB expression. NF-kB inhibitor blocked IL-4/IL-13-induced increase in B2R expression in cultured fibroblasts, suggesting a role as potential anti-asthma drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - L Petecchia
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Genoa, Italy
| | - V Sorbello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - A Di Stefano
- Pulmonary Division, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (Novara), Italy
| | - C Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Genoa, Italy
| | - G M Massaglia
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - I Gnemmi
- Pulmonary Division, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (Novara), Italy
| | - B Mognetti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - P S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P J Sterk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Sabatini
- Laboratory of Stem cells and Cell therapy, Department of Experimental and Laboratory Medicine, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Panfoli I, Ravera S, Podestà M, Cossu C, Santucci L, Bartolucci M, Bruschi M, Calzia D, Sabatini F, Bruschettini M, Ramenghi LA, Romantsik O, Marimpietri D, Pistoia V, Ghiggeri G, Frassoni F, Candiano G. Exosomes from human mesenchymal stem cells conduct aerobic metabolism in term and preterm newborn infants. FASEB J 2015; 30:1416-24. [PMID: 26655706 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles that are able to transfer RNA and proteins to target cells. The emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes as promoters of aerobic ATP synthesis restoration in damaged cells, prompted us to assess whether they contain an extramitochondrial aerobic respiration capacity. Exosomes were isolated from culture medium of human MSCs from umbilical cord of ≥37-wk-old newborns or between 28- to 30-wk-old newborns (i.e.,term or preterm infants). Characterization of samples was conducted by cytofluorometry. Oxidative phosphorylation capacity was assessed by Western blot analysis, oximetry, and luminometric and fluorometric analyses. MSC exosomes express functional respiratory complexes I, IV, and V, consuming oxygen. ATP synthesis was only detectable in exosomes from term newborns, suggestive of a specific mechanism that is not completed at an early gestational age. Activities are outward facing and comparable to those detected in mitochondria isolated from term MSCs. MSC exosomes display an unsuspected aerobic respiratory ability independent of whole mitochondria. This may be relevant for their ability to rescue cell bioenergetics. The differential oxidative metabolism of pretermvs.term exosomes sheds new light on the preterm newborn's clinical vulnerability. A reduced ability to repair damaged tissue and an increased capability to cope with anoxic environment for preterm infants can be envisaged.-Panfoli, I., Ravera, S., Podestà, M., Cossu, C., Santucci, L., Bartolucci, M., Bruschi, M., Calzia, D., Sabatini, F., Bruschettini, M., Ramenghi, L. A., Romantsik, O., Marimpietri, D., Pistoia, V., Ghiggeri, G., Frassoni, F., Candiano, G. Exosomes from human mesenchymal stem cells conduct aerobic metabolism in term and preterm newborn infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Panfoli
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Cossu
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Santucci
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonio Ramenghi
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Olga Romantsik
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ghiggeri
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sabatini F, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Burrascano S, Blasi C. Drivers of herb-layer species diversity in two unmanaged temperate forests in northern Spain. COMMUNITY ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.15.2014.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Grifoni D, Zipoli G, Sabatini F, Messeri G, Bacci L. Action spectra affect variability of the climatology of biologically effective ultraviolet radiation on cloud-free days. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 157:491-498. [PMID: 23843425 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Action spectrum (AS) describes the relative effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in producing biological effects and allows spectral UV irradiance to be weighted in order to compute biologically effective UV radiation (UVBE). The aim of this research was to study the seasonal and latitudinal distribution over Europe of daily UVBE doses responsible for various biological effects on humans and plants. Clear sky UV radiation spectra were computed at 30-min time intervals for the first day of each month of the year for Rome, Potsdam and Trondheim using a radiative transfer model fed with climatological data. Spectral data were weighted using AS for erythema, vitamin D synthesis, cataract and photokeratitis for humans, while the generalised plant damage and the plant damage AS were used for plants. The daily UVBE doses for the above-mentioned biological processes were computed and are analysed in this study. The patterns of variation due to season (for each location) and latitude (for each date) resulted as being specific for each adopted AS. The biological implications of these results are briefly discussed highlighting the importance of a specific UVBE climatology for each biological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Grifoni
- CNR - Institute of Biometeorology, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ricciardolo FLM, Sabatini F, Sorbello V, Benedetto S, Defilippi I, Petecchia L, Usai C, Gnemmi I, Balbi B, De Rose V, Ten Hacken NHT, Postma DS, Timens W, Di Stefano A. Expression of vascular remodelling markers in relation to bradykinin receptors in asthma and COPD. Thorax 2013; 68:803-11. [PMID: 23739138 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular remodelling plays a central role in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bradykinin (BK) is a vasoactive proinflammatory peptide mediating acute responses in asthma. We investigated the role of angiogenic factors in relation to BK receptors in asthma and COPD. METHODS Bronchial biopsies from 33 patients with COPD, 24 old (≥50 years) patients with (≥50 years) asthma, 18 old control smokers, 11 old control non-smokers, 15 young (≤40yrs) patients with (≤40 years) asthma and 10 young control non-smokers were immunostained for CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiogenin and BK receptors (B2R and B1R). Fibroblast and endothelial co-localisation of relevant molecules were performed by immunofluorescence. BK-induced VEGF-A and angiogenin release was studied (ELISA) in bronchial fibroblasts from subjects with asthma and COPD. RESULTS In bronchial lamina propria of old patients with asthma, CD31 and VEGF-A(+) cell numbers were higher than old control non-smokers (p<0.05). Angiogenin(+), B2R(+) and B1R(+) cell numbers in old patients with asthma were higher than in old control non-smokers, control smokers and patients with COPD (p<0.01). Angiogenin(+) cell numbers were higher in patients with COPD than both old control groups (p<0.05). In all patients with asthma the number of B2R(+) cells was positively related to the numbers of B1R(+) (rs=0.43), angiogenin(+) (rs=0.42) and CD31 cells (rs=0.46) (p<0.01). Angiogenin(+) cell numbers were negatively related to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (rs=-0.415, p=0.008). Double immunofluorescence revealed that CD31 cells of capillary vessels coexpressed B2R and that fibroblasts coexpressed B2R, VEGF-A and angiogenin. BK (10(-6)M) induced significant angiogenin release in fibroblasts from asthma and to a lesser extent in COPD. CONCLUSIONS Unlike COPD, this study suggests the involvement of BK receptors in bronchial vascular remodelling in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, A.O.U. San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sabatini F, Petecchia L, Usai C, Silvestri M, Rossi GA, Miller-Larsson A, Ricciardolo FLM. Pharmacological modulation of the bradykinin-induced differentiation of human lung fibroblasts: effects of budesonide and formoterol. J Asthma 2012; 49:1004-11. [PMID: 23088211 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2012.729633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bradykinin (BK) induces differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which play an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling in the airways of asthmatic patients. It is unclear whether this process is affected by antiasthma therapies. Here, we evaluated whether a glucocorticoid, budesonide (BUD), and a long-acting β2-agonist, formoterol (FM), either alone or in combination, modified BK-induced lung fibroblast differentiation, and affected the BK-activated intracellular signaling pathways. METHODS Human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with BUD (0.001-0.1 μM) and/or FM (0.0001-0.1 μM) before exposure to BK (0.1 or 1 μM). Fibroblast differentiation into α-smooth-muscle-actin-positive (α-SMA⁺) myofibroblasts, BK2 receptor (B2R) expression, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation (p-ERK1/2), intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]i), and p65 nuclear factor kappa B translocation were evaluated. RESULTS BUD (0.1 μM) and FM (0.1 μM), either alone or in combination, completely inhibited BK-induced α-SMA protein expression and decreased the numbers of α-SMA⁺ fibroblasts, with a clear reduction in α-SMA stress fibers organization. BUD also completely inhibited the increase of B2R, whereas FM with or without BUD had no effect. BK-induced increases of [Ca²⁺]i and p-ERK1/2 were significantly reduced to similar levels by BUD and FM, either alone or in combination, whereas p65 translocation was completely inhibited by all treatments. CONCLUSION Both BUD and FM, either alone or in combination, effectively inhibited the BK-induced differentiation of fibroblasts into α-SMA⁺ myofibroblasts and the intracellular signaling pathways involved in fibroblast activation. These results suggest that BUD and FM combination therapy has potential to inhibit fibroblast-dependent matrix remodeling in the airways of asthmatic patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bellandi T, Baccetti S, Tartaglia R, Vuono C, Sabatini F, Rossi E. Proactive risk management in complementary medicine (CM): the application of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in homeopathic and acupuncture public clinics. Eur J Integr Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2012.07.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Petecchia L, Sabatini F, Usai C, Caci E, Varesio L, Rossi GA. Cytokines induce tight junction disassembly in airway cells via an EGFR-dependent MAPK/ERK1/2-pathway. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1140-8. [PMID: 22584669 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier permeability is altered in inflammatory respiratory disorders by a variety of noxious agents through modifications of the epithelial cell structure that possibly involve tight junction (TJ) organization. To evaluate in vitro whether pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders could alter TJ organization and epithelial barrier integrity, and to characterize the signal transduction pathway involved Calu-3 airway epithelial cells were exposed to TNF-a, IL-4 and IFN-g to assess changes in: (a) TJ assembly, that is, occludin and zonula occludens (ZO)-1 expression and localization, evaluated by confocal microscopy; (b) apoptotic activity, quantified using terminal transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining; (c) epithelial barrier integrity, detected as transmembrane electrical resistance and expressed as G(T) values; (d) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent mitogenactivated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation, assessed by western blotting. Exposure to cytokines for 48 h induced a noticeable downregulation of the TJ transmembrane proteins. The degree ZO-1 and occludin colocalization was 62±2% in control cultures and significantly decreased in the presence of TNF-a (47±3%), IL-4 (43±1%) and INF-g (35±3%). Although no apoptosis induction was detected following exposure to cytokines, changes in the epithelial barrier integrity were observed, with a significant enhancement in paracellular conductance. G(T) values were, respectively, 1.030±0.0, 1.300±0.04, 1.260±0.020 and 2.220±0.015 (mS/cm²)1000 in control cultures and in those exposed to TNF-a, IFN-g and IL-4. The involvement of EGFR-dependent MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in cytokine-induced damage was demonstrated by a significant increase in threonine/tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK1/2, already detectable after 5 min incubation. All these cytokine-induced changes were markedly prevented when Calu-3 cells were cultured in the presence of an EGFR inhibitor (AG1478, 1 μM) or a MAP kinase inhibitor (U0126, 25 μM). In conclusion, cytokine-induced epithelial injury includes TJ disassembly and epithelial barrier permeability alteration and involves the EGFR-dependent MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
21
|
Suetsugu A, Digman M, Sabatini F, Moriwaki H, Saji S, Gratton E, Hoffman RM. Abstract 5183: Raster-image-correlation spectroscopy of paxillin-GFP-expressing breast cancer cell in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Raster-image-correlation spectroscopy (RICS) is a noninvasive technique to detect and quantify events in the living cell, including concentrations of molecules and their diffusion coefficients. Any cell containing a fluorophore that can be imaged with a laser scanning microscope can be analyzed with RICS. We obtained RICS images with an Olympus FluoView FV1000 confocal microscope using Olympus FluoView software to acquire data and SimFCS software to perform RICS analysis. Paxillin is involved in the assembly of focal adhesions, which was linked to green fluorescent protein (GFP) for the current study. In this study, we describe RICS of paxillin-GFP expression in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro and in vivo. Slow-moving membrane-bound paxillin proteins were measured in live breast cancer cells in vitro. Paxillin-GFP-expressing breast cancer cells (1×106) were injected in the epigastric cranials vein of the nude mouse. Paxillin-GFP-expressing breast cancer cells became attached to the inner vessel wall within 3 hours after injection. Rapidly-moving cytosolic paxillin-GFP molecules were imaged with RICS. With the ability to measure the molecular dynamics of paxillin in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by RICS, we are now capable of studying the role of both slow-moving paxillin in the cell membrane and rapidly-moving cytosolic paxillin in cancer-cell behavior.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5183. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5183
Collapse
|
22
|
Digman MA, Suetsugu A, Sabatini F, Hoffman RM, Gratton E. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microcopy of Extravasating Cancer Cells in the Mouse Microenvironment. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Iezzi M, Quaglino E, Cappello P, Toto V, Sabatini F, Curcio C, Garotta G, Musiani P, Cavallo F. HCG hastens both the development of mammary carcinoma and the metastatization of HCG/LH and ERBB-2 receptor-positive cells in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:621-30. [PMID: 21978694 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is more frequent in human nulliparae, whereas its incidence is reduced by early fullterm pregnancy. Rodent studies suggest that chorionic gonadotropin secretion during pregnancy affords protection by inducing breast structure differentiation. Opposite effects, however, have been observed in cancer prone transgenic mice overexpressing the β subunit of chorionic gonadotropin or pituitary luteinic hormone (LH). Here we assessed the effect of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for 21 days (corresponding to the duration of a mouse pregnancy) in virgin female mice transgenic for the activated rat (r-) ERBB-2 oncogene (BALB-neuT). In these mice, the onset of atypical mammary duct hyperplasia and its progression towards multiple mammary carcinomas is accelerated by hCG. hCG enhances the in vitro proliferation and in vivo metastatization of tumor cells from a BALB-neuT mammary tumor expressing the hCG/LH as well as the ERBB-2 receptors. These findings suggest that hCG favours the growth and progression of hCG/LH and ERBB-2 receptor-positive breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Iezzi
- Aging Research Center, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morandi B, Agazzi A, D'Agostino A, Antonini F, Costa G, Sabatini F, Ferlazzo G, Melioli G. A mixture of bacterial mechanical lysates is more efficient than single strain lysate and of bacterial-derived soluble products for the induction of an activating phenotype in human dendritic cells. Immunol Lett 2011; 138:86-91. [PMID: 21453728 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), following an optimal maturation, are able to drive an efficient immune-response. For this, both co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86), activation molecules (CD83) and peptide presenting molecules (HLA) are over-expressed. The in vitro treatment of immature DC with fragments of bacterial strains, obtained by using a mechanical lysis as well as with bacterial-derived molecules (such as lipopolysaccharide and protido-glycan), induced the maturation of DCs and the secretion of a panel of cytokines and chemokines. Of note, ex vivo treated circulating DCs and plasmacytoid DCs were also activated by these bacterial bodies. However, while the particulate fraction of single bacterial strains or soluble bacterial-derived molecules induced a sub-optimal maturation (as evaluated by the expression of an activating phenotype on DCs and the amount of cytokine secretion), the addition of the mixture of the particulate fractions of the different bacterial strains was able to mediate an optimal maturation. These results were also confirmed by using the secretion of both cytokines and chemokines as markers of DC activation. All these findings suggest that the particulate fraction of bacterial lysate mixtures, because of their ability to interact with different surface structures, might be exploited not only as an immunogen, but also as an adjuvant treatment to boost an immune-response to poorly "antigenic" proteins, such as cancer antigens or allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Morandi
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pannellini T, Iezzi M, Liberatore M, Sabatini F, Iacobelli S, Rossi C, Alberti S, Di Ilio C, Vitaglione P, Fogliano V, Piantelli M. A dietary tomato supplement prevents prostate cancer in TRAMP mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:1284-91. [PMID: 20716635 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) is a model for progressive prostate cancer that mirrors the stages of the human form. In this study, the effects of a diet enriched with processed whole tomatoes on survival, tumorigenesis, and progression of prostate cancer, and the antioxidant and inflammatory status of TRAMP mice were investigated. Tomato diet significantly increased overall survival (P < 0.01), delayed progression from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to adenocarcinoma, and decreased the incidence of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Biochemical data disclosed an increase in serum antioxidant activity and a reduction of serum inflammation/angiogenesis biomarkers of particular importance in prostate carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pannellini
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sabatini F, Petecchia L, Boero S, Silvestri M, Klar J, Tenor H, Beume R, Hatzelmann A, Rossi G. A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, roflumilast N-oxide, inhibits human lung fibroblast functions in vitro. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2010; 23:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
27
|
Petecchia L, Sabatini F, Usai C, Carnevali S, Ognibene M, Vanni C, Eva A, Fabbri LM, Rossi GA, Ricciardolo FLM. Mechanisms of bradykinin-induced contraction in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:655-64. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
28
|
Di Stefano A, Caramori G, Gnemmi I, Contoli M, Bristot L, Capelli A, Ricciardolo FLM, Magno F, D'Anna SE, Zanini A, Carbone M, Sabatini F, Usai C, Brun P, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Papi A, Adcock IM, Balbi B. Association of increased CCL5 and CXCL7 chemokine expression with neutrophil activation in severe stable COPD. Thorax 2009; 64:968-75. [PMID: 19703829 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased numbers of activated neutrophils have been reported in the bronchial mucosa of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly in severe disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of neutrophilic chemokines and adhesion molecules in bronchial biopsies from patients with stable COPD of different severity (GOLD stages I-IV) compared with age-matched control subjects, smokers with normal lung function and never smokers. METHODS The expression of CCL5, CXCL1, 5, 6, 7 and 8, CXCR1, CXCR2, CD11b and CD44 was measured in the bronchial mucosa using immunohistochemistry, confocal immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) and Western blotting (WB). RESULTS The numbers of CCL5+ epithelial cells and CCL5+ and CXCL7+ immunostained cells were increased in the bronchial submucosa of patients with stable severe COPD compared with control never smokers and smokers with normal lung function. This was also confirmed at the level of mRNA expression. The numbers of CCL5+ cells in the submucosa of patients with COPD were 2-15 times higher than any other chemokines. There was no correlation between the number of these cells and the number of neutrophils in the bronchial submucosa. Compared with control smokers, the percentage of neutrophils co-expressing CD11b and CD44 receptors was significantly increased in the submucosa of patients with COPD. CONCLUSION The increased expression of CCL5 and CXCL7 in the bronchial mucosa of patients with stable COPD, together with an increased expression of extracellular matrix-binding receptors on neutrophils, may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Di Stefano
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of Heart and Lung, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Petecchia L, Sabatini F, Varesio L, Camoirano A, Usai C, Pezzolo A, Rossi GA. Bronchial airway epithelial cell damage following exposure to cigarette smoke includes disassembly of tight junction components mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Chest 2009; 135:1502-1512. [PMID: 19447922 DOI: 10.1378/chest.08-1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through a variety of biochemical mechanisms, cigarette smoke (CS) may damage airway epithelium, altering its normal structure and function. Injury to epithelium may include changes in tight junction (TJ) integrity with impairment of epithelial barrier function. METHODS AND RESULTS To study the effect of the exposure to CS condensate (CSC) on TJ integrity, two human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs), BEAS-2B and 16HBE14o-, were used. Exposure of the two HBECs to CSC resulted in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent disassembly of TJs, which were already detectable at 24 h at all the CSC concentrations tested (5%, 10%, and 20%), associated with changes in cell shape, suggesting cell damage. However, a significant inhibition of cell growth and an increase in DNA fragmentation were detected only at the highest CSC concentration tested (20%) at 48 and 72 h, respectively. The involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 cascade in CSC-induced damage was shown by the observation that exposure to CSC (5%) induced a marked phosphorylation of ERK1/2, already detectable after 5-min incubation and confirmed by the demonstration that not only ERK1/2 phosphorylation but also CSC-induced TJ disassembly and DNA fragmentation were partially inhibited by a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor (U0126) and completely blocked by a EGFR inhibitor (AG1478). CONCLUSION CSC-induced damage to airway epithelium includes disassembly of TJs, modulated through the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luigi Varesio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Camoirano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pezzolo
- Oncology and Pathology Laboratory, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Grifoni D, Carreras G, Zipoli G, Sabatini F, Dalla Marta A, Orlandini S. Row orientation effect on UV-B, UV-A and PAR solar irradiation components in vineyards at Tuscany, Italy. Int J Biometeorol 2008; 52:755-763. [PMID: 18594874 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-008-0168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Besides playing an essential role in plant photosynthesis, solar radiation is also involved in many other important biological processes. In particular, it has been demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation plays a relevant role in grapevines (Vitis vinifera) in the production of certain important chemical compounds directly responsible for yield and wine quality. Moreover, the exposure to UV-B radiation (280-320 nm) can affect plant-disease interaction by influencing the behaviour of both pathogen and host. The main objective of this research was to characterise the solar radiative regime of a vineyard, in terms of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV components. In this analysis, solar spectral UV irradiance components, broadband UV (280-400 nm), spectral UV-B and UV-A (320-400 nm), the biological effective UVBE, as well as the PAR (400-700 nm) component, were all considered. The diurnal patterns of these quantities and the UV-B/PAR and UV-B/UV-A ratios were analysed to investigate the effect of row orientation of the vineyard in combination with solar azimuth and elevation angles. The distribution of PAR and UV irradiance at various heights of the vertical sides of the rows was also studied. The results showed that the highest portion of plants received higher levels of daily radiation, especially the UV-B component. Row orientation of the vines had a pronounced effect on the global PAR received by the two sides of the rows and, to a lesser extent, UV-A and UV-B. When only the diffused component was considered, this geometrical effect was greatly attenuated. UV-B/PAR and UV-A/PAR ratios were also affected, with potential consequences on physiological processes. Because of the high diffusive capacity of the UV-B radiation, the UV-B/PAR ratio was significantly lower on the plant portions exposed to full sunlight than on those in the shade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Grifoni
- CNR-Institute of Biometeorology, Via Caproni, 8, 50145, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Boero S, Sabatini F, Silvestri M, Petecchia L, Nachira A, Pezzolo A, Scarso L, Rossi GA. Modulation of human lung fibroblast functions by ciclesonide: evidence for its conversion into the active metabolite desisobutyryl-ciclesonide. Immunol Lett 2007; 112:39-46. [PMID: 17707916 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ciclesonide, an inhaled corticosteroid administered as inactive compound with almost no binding affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor, is clinically effective in asthma being converted by airway epithelial cells into its active metabolite desisobutyryl-(des)-ciclesonide. AIM To evaluate whether ciclesonide could directly modulate in vitro bronchial fibroblast functions being converted into des-ciclesonide by these pluripotent cells involved in the regulation of airway inflammation and remodelling. METHODS Ciclesonide (0.09-9.0 microM) was added to a human adult lung fibroblast cell line (CCL-202), seeded in medium in the presence of the following cytokines and growth factors: (a) basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for cell proliferation, measured by tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation; (b) tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, to stimulate intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and eotaxin release, evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively; (c) transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, for induction of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein expression and modification of the organization of alpha-SMA stress fibres, evaluated by Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The presence of ciclesonide in cell cultures induced a significant downregulation of: (a) bFGF-induced fibroblast proliferation and TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 expression, at the 0.3-9.0 microM concentrations (p<0.05); (b) TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 release, at all the concentrations tested (p<0.05); (c) TNF-alpha-induced eotaxin release, at the three highest concentrations (0.9-9.0 microM) (p<0.05); (d) TGF-beta1-induced of alpha-SMA protein expression at the 0.3-3.0 microM concentrations, associated with a reduction in the organization of alpha-SMA stress fibres. CONCLUSIONS These data show at cellular level an effective anti-inflammatory activity of ciclesonide on human lung fibroblasts and support the hypothesis that also these cells, in addition to airway epithelial cells, may be involved in converting the parental compound into its active metabolite in the airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Boero
- Pulmonary Disease Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dunkern TR, Feurstein D, Rossi GA, Sabatini F, Hatzelmann A. Inhibition of TGF-beta induced lung fibroblast to myofibroblast conversion by phosphodiesterase inhibiting drugs and activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 572:12-22. [PMID: 17659276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibroblast to myofibroblast conversion is a pathophysiological feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. This conversion is induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta derived from epithelial cells as well as activated macrophages that have infiltrated the lung. Preventing this conversion might be a favourable therapeutic approach. Within this study we examined the activity of different members of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) family in primary human lung fibroblasts and various lung fibroblast cell lines both before and after TGF-beta induced differentiation to myofibroblasts as reflected by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. We showed that the predominant PDE activities in lung fibroblasts are attributed to PDE5, PDE1 and to a smaller extent to PDE4. cyclic GMP (cGMP)-hydrolyzing activity declines by about half after differentiation to myofibroblasts in all pulmonary fibroblasts investigated, which is accompanied by a down-regulation of PDE5 protein. Lung fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is blocked by treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor piclamilast alone, depending on the TGF-beta concentration applied, and in combination with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in a synergistic manner. Despite the high PDE5 activity the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil by itself as well as in combination with brain natriuretic peptide or the nitric oxide-donor DETA-NONOate shows no inhibiting effects. However, combining sildenafil with the guanylyl cyclase (GC) activator BAY58-2667 and ODQ (which sensitizes GC for activation by BAY58-2667) suppressed TGF-beta induced differentiation. In summary, our data indicate that drugs interfering with the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-as well as with the NO-cGMP-pathway offer the therapeutic opportunity to prevent the differentiation of pulmonary fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten R Dunkern
- Department of Biochemistry Inflammation, ALTANA Pharma AG, Byk-Gulden-Str.2, 78467 Konstanz, Germany. torsten.dunkern@altanapharma..com
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Petecchia L, Serpero L, Silvestri M, Sabatini F, Scarso L, Rossi GA. The histamine-induced enhanced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts is inhibited by levocetirizine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:445-9. [PMID: 17063735 DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2006.20.0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine, a key chemical mediator in allergic reaction, exhibits an array of pro-inflammatory effects that include the activation of fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether histamine could stimulate nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts to express vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, a surface molecule involved in structural-inflammatory cell interaction and whether levocetirizine could inhibit this induction. METHODS Primary nasal polyp tissue-derived fibroblasts were stimulated with histamine (10-1000 microM) or interleukin (IL)-4 plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (0.5-5 ng/mL) and VCAM-1 expression was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. The inhibitory effect of the selective H1-antagonist levocetirizine (0.01-10.0 microM) on VCAM-1 expression was also tested. RESULTS Compared with unstimulated cultures, histamine or IL-4 + TNF-alpha, at the highest concentrations tested, significantly increase VCAM-1 expression (p < 0.05). To evaluate the ability of levocetirizine to downregulate VCAM-1 expression, fibroblasts were stimulated with histamine (1000 microM) or IL-4 + TNF-alpha (5 ng/mL), in the presence of the drug (0.01-10.0 microM). The histamine-induced VCAM-1 expression was effectively inhibited by levocetirizine (0.1-10.0 microM) (p < 0.05). No effect of the drug on IL-4 + TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression was observed. CONCLUSIONS Histamine upregulates VCAM-1 expression on nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts and this phenomenon, relevant to allergic late-phase inflammation, is effectively inhibited by levocetirizine.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Because of the common embryologic origin, alteration of the many factors modulating the development of the alimentary and the respiratory tract often results in structural abnormalities involving the two systems. Indeed, some of the most common embryologic disorders of the airways are frequently associated with anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. Lung growth occurs as a series of tightly regulated events, depending on a number of factors, including developmental, genetic and environment ones. Abnormalities of any of these factors may causes developmental alterations of the lung leading to a group of disorders termed "bronchopulmonary-foregut malformations". These are usually sporadic, solitary cystic hamartomas, involving conducting airways, arteries, venous drainage, and lung parenchyma, which are now often discovered on routine prenatal sonography. While some lesions may be large and cause serious complications in the foetus or newborn, many will be asymptomatic at birth, raising controversy about management: simple observation or surgery and, if so, at what age? Over the past two decades molecular studies have started to shed light on the complex series of events that control proper formation of the lung, with the hope that a better understanding of the molecular basis of pulmonary maturation will allow the design of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donata Girosi
- Pulmonary and Allergy Units, G. Gaslini University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Serpero L, Petecchia L, Sabatini F, Giuliani M, Silvestri M, Di Blasi P, Rossi GA. The effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and (TGF)-β2 on nasal polyp fibroblast activities involved upper airway remodeling: Modulation by fluticasone propionate. Immunol Lett 2006; 105:61-7. [PMID: 16481045 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta may play a significant role in nasal polyposis pathogenesis, possibly through fibroblast activation. We studied the effects of two TGF-beta isoforms (TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2) on nasal polyposis fibroblasts by evaluating cell proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. In addition, the inhibitory activity of different concentrations of fluticasone propionate (F.P.) was tested in this in vitro system. Primary nasal polyp tissue-derived fibroblasts were stimulated with different concentrations (1, 10 and 20 ng/ml) of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 for different incubation periods (24, 48 and 72 h) and cell proliferation [3H thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation] and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression (immunocytochemistry) was evaluated. The lowest concentration of TGF-beta1 (1 ng/ml) induced a significant increase in [3H]TdR incorporation at 48 and 72 h (p<0.05, each comparison), while in the presence of TGF-beta (10 ng/ml) and TGF-beta2 (1 ng/ml) the enhancement in cell proliferation was significant only after 48 h (p<0.05, each comparison with the unstimulated cells). In contrast, a significant increase in alpha-SMA expression was observed in the presence of the two highest concentration of both TGF-beta isoforms, at 48 and 72 h for TGF-beta1 (p<0.05, each comparison), but only at 72 h for TGF-beta2 (<0.05, each comparison). Finally, at all concentrations tested, F.P. significantly inhibited the TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2-induced 3HTdR incorporation (p<0.01, each comparison) and the alpha-SMA expression (p<0.05, each comparison). Thus, in vitro different concentrations of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 appear to sequentially stimulate primary nasal polyp tissue-derived fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. These activities are effectively inhibited by F.P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serpero
- Pulmonary Disease Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bellodi S, Tosca MA, Pulvirenti G, Petecchia L, Serpero L, Silvestri M, Sabatini F, Battistini E, Rossi GA. Activity of budesonide on nasal neutrophilic inflammation and obstruction in children with recurrent upper airway infections. A preliminary investigation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 70:445-52. [PMID: 16140398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While it is widely accepted that inhaled glucocorticosteroids represent an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, little is known on the specific effects of this therapeutic approach in other upper airway disorders of childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the improvement of clinical symptoms and changes in local cellular inflammatory reaction induced by budesonide inhalation suspension in children with recurrent nasal infections using budesonide inhalation suspension delivered by Rinowash, a nebulizer designed to treat upper airway structures. METHODS In a randomized, controlled-open study, 14 children (5.88+/-0.56 years of age) with recurrent upper airway infections and chronic nasal obstruction were enrolled and randomly treated for 7-10 days either with budesonide inhalation suspension (250 microg/bidie) (nine patients) or with saline solution (five patients). Before and after treatment, inflammatory cells in nasal brushing and nasal symptom score were evaluated. RESULTS Out of the nine patients treated with budesonide, two were excluded from the analysis because of acute respiratory infections requiring systemic antibiotic treatment. A significant decrease in nasal brushing neutrophil percentage was observed after treatment with budesonide (P=0.016) but not after saline solution treatment (P=1.00). No significant changes in nasal brushing mononuclear cell or eosinophil proportions were observed after treatment with budesonide inhalation suspension or saline solution (P=NS, each comparison). Treatment with budesonide, but not with saline solution, was associated with a significant reduction in nasal obstruction (P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data indicate that short-term treatment with budesonide inhalation suspension, used for an indication out of label, may significantly reduce local neutrophilic inflammation and nasal obstruction in children with recurrent upper airway infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bellodi
- U.O.C. di Pneumologia, I.R.C.C.S. G. Gaslini, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini, 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Endogenous Nitric Oxide (NO) plays a key role in the physiological regulation of airway functions. In response to various stimuli activated inflammatory cells (e.g., eosinophils and neutrophils) generate oxidants ("oxidative stress") which in conjunction with exaggerated enzymatic release of NO and augmented NO metabolites produce the formation of strong oxidizing reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite, in various airway diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cystic fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Reactive nitrogen species provoke amplification of inflammatory processes in the airways and lung parenchyma causing DNA damage, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, protein dysfunction and cell damage ("nitrosative stress"). These effects alter respiratory homeostasis (such as bronchomotor tone and pulmonary surfactant activity) and the long-term persistence of "nitrosative stress" may contribute to the progressive deterioration of pulmonary functions leading to respiratory failure. Recent studies showing that protein nitration can be dynamic and reversible ("denitration mechanisms") open new horizons in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases affected by the deleterious actions of "nitrosative stress".
Collapse
|
38
|
Grifoni D, Carreras G, Sabatini F, Zipoli G. UV hazard on a summer's day under Mediterranean conditions, and the protective role of a beach umbrella. Int J Biometeorol 2005; 50:75-82. [PMID: 16240101 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-005-0278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean beaches are very crowded during summer and, because of the high values of solar UV radiation, the potential risk for human health is relevant. In this study, all-day measurements of biologically effective global and diffuse UV radiation for skin (UVBE(eryt)) and eye (UVBE(pker), UVBE(pconj), UVBE(cat)) disorders were carried out on differently tilted surfaces on a summer's day on a Mediterranean beach. The role played by beach umbrellas in protection from excessive sun exposure was also investigated. Erythema, photokeratitis and cataract seem to require almost the same exposure time to reach the risk threshold dose. Under full sunlight, the highest global and diffuse UV values are reached on surfaces normally oriented towards sunlight and on horizontal surfaces, respectively. Over vertical surfaces, at this northern hemisphere site, global and diffuse UV radiation reaches maxima values in the south-facing direction around noon, while maxima values are reached early in the morning and late in the afternoon over surfaces facing east and west, respectively. The quality of the beach umbrella's protection (efficiency in blocking solar UV radiation) varies with surface orientation; the highest efficiency for our specific site and geometrical conditions occurs over horizontal surfaces, with efficiency being least over vertical surfaces when incident radiation values are still relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Grifoni
- Institute of Biometeorology (IBIMET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sale R, Sabatini F, Silvestri M, Serpero L, Petecchia L, Rossi GA. Concentration-dependent activity of mometasone furoate and dexamethasone on blood eosinophils isolated from atopic children: modulation of Mac-1 expression and chemotaxis. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:1687-96. [PMID: 15454120 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of asthma with corticosteroids results in downregulation of eosinophilic airway inflammation. We evaluated in vitro the activity of an "inhaled" corticosteroid, mometasone furoate (MF), and of a "systemic" corticosteroid, dexamethasone (DEX), on eosinophil functions, i.e. adhesion molecule expression and cell chemotaxis. Partially purified blood eosinophils were obtained from 18 asthmatic subjects sensitized to house dust mites. The expression of the macrophage antigen (Mac)-1 (CD11b/CD18) was measured by specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) staining and flow cytometry analysis at baseline or after stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or with recombinant human (rh) granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus a mAb anti-human (ah) IgE low affinity receptor [FcepsilonRII or CD23]. Cell chemotaxis toward the complement fragment 5a (C5a) or rh interleukin (IL)-5 was evaluated in Boyden microchambers by light microscopy. Eosinophils showed a significant increase in Mac-1 expression after activation with fMLP or with rh GM-CSF plus ah CD23 mAbs (p<0.05, each comparison) and a remarkable chemotactic response to both C5a or rh IL-5 (p<0.001, each comparison). To test the inhibitory activity of MF and DEX on eosinophil functions, the cells were preincubated for 3 h with four concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nM) of each of the two drugs, before being activated by fMLP or by rh GM-CSF plus ah CD23 mAbs or tested with C5a or with rh IL-5. Independently of the stimulus used, both Mac-1 expression and eosinophil migration were effectively downregulated by preincubation with MF or DEX at 1, 10 and 100 nM (p<0.05). The inhibitory activity on cell chemotaxis in response to both C5a or with rh IL-5 was higher for MF than DEX, but only at the highest concentration tested (p<0.05, each comparison). These data demonstrate that concentrations of MF similar to those obtained in vivo are highly effective in inhibiting eosinophil functions involved in airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sale
- Pulmonary Disease Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Silvestri M, Serpero L, Petecchia L, Sabatini F, Cerasoli F, Rossi GA. Cytokine-activated bronchial epithelial cell pro-inflammatory functions are effectively downregulated in vitro by ciclesonide. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2005; 19:210-7. [PMID: 16084120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ciclesonide, a new inhaled corticosteroid, is administered as a parent compound and converted in the airway mucosa into the active metabolite, desisobutyryl-(des-)ciclesonide. A study was designed to evaluate the ability of ciclesonide to modulate pro-inflammatory functions of human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) primary cultures being converted into des-ciclesonide. HBECs were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-4 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (20 ng/mL) in the presence of ciclesonide and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-8 release evaluated respectively by FACS and ELISA. Ciclesonide (3 microM) significantly inhibited ICAM-1 expression by stimulated HBECs, already after 3h and still after 48 h culture (p < 0.01). At all the concentrations tested ciclesonide inhibited ICAM-1 expression (p < 0.05). GM-CSF and IL-8 release by stimulated HBECs was also downregulated by ciclesonide (p < 0.05). All the ciclesonide activities tested appeared to be mainly due to a partial inhibition of the 'IL-4 + TNF-alpha-induced' and little or no involvement of the 'constitutive' cell functions. Des-ciclesonide was detected in 24 h culture HBEC supernatants using high-performance liquid chromatography, while no parental compound ciclesonide was present. These results show at cellular level the fast and prolonged activity of ciclesonide on pro-inflammatory functions of HBECs, a selective target of asthma therapy, involved in the activation of this new inhaled corticosteroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Silvestri
- Pulmonary Diseases Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sabatini F, Petecchia L, Tavian M, Jodon de Villeroché V, Rossi GA, Brouty-Boyé D. Human bronchial fibroblasts exhibit a mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and multilineage differentiating potentialities. J Transl Med 2005; 85:962-71. [PMID: 15924148 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells able to differentiate along different pathways including chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. MSCs with a fibroblast-like morphology have been identified in human fetal lung. However, their frequency and characterization in human adult lung have not been yet evaluated. Therefore, we analyzed the mesenchymal phenotype and differentiation ability of cultured human adult bronchial fibroblast-like cells (Br) in comparison with those of mesenchymal cell progenitors isolated from fetal lung (ICIG7) and adult bone marrow (BM212) tissues. Surface immunophenotyping by flow cytometry revealed a similar expression pattern of antigens characteristic of marrow-derived MSCs, including CD34 (-), CD45 (-), CD90/Thy-1 (+), CD73/SH3, SH4 (+), CD105/SH2 (+) and CD166/ALCAM (+) in Br, ICIG7 and BM212 cells. There was one exception, STRO-1 antigen, which was only weakly expressed in Br cells. Analysis of cytoskeleton and matrix composition by immunostaining showed that lung and marrow-derived cells homogeneously expressed vimentin and nestin proteins in intermediate filaments while they were all devoid of epithelial cytokeratins. Additionally, alpha-smooth muscle actin was also present in microfilaments of a low number of cells. All cell types predominantly produced collagen and fibronectin extracellular matrix as evidenced by staining with the monoclonal antibodies to collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase and fibronectin isoforms containing the extradomain (ED)-A together with ED-B in ICIG7 cells. Br cells similarly to fetal lung and marrow fibroblasts were able to differentiate along the three adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic mesenchymal pathways when cultured under appropriate inducible conditions. Altogether, these data indicate that MSCs are present in human adult lung. They may be actively involved in lung tissue repair under physiological and pathological circumstances.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sacco O, Silvestri M, Sabatini F, Sale R, Moscato G, Pignatti P, Mattioli G, Rossi GA. IL-8 and airway neutrophilia in children with gastroesophageal reflux and asthma-like symptoms. Respir Med 2005; 100:307-15. [PMID: 16002270 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may induce respiratory symptoms (RS) through inhalation of acid gastric contents. To characterize the airway inflammation associated with this condition, 20 children [7.4 (0.9) yr old] with "difficult to treat" RS and a positive 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring (pHm) were studied and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed. The control group included 10 children [7.3 (1.3) yr], non-atopics, with a respiratory clinical history similar to the cases but no reflux, as demonstrated by a negative 24-h oesophageal pHm. On BAL samples, in addition to inflammatory indexes, the lipid-laden macrophage (LLM) index was determined as index of gastric content inhalation. As compared to controls, GER children had higher neutrophil proportion (P=0.002), higher LLM index (P=0.004) and higher concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8 (P=0.005), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (P=0.001) and elastase (P=0.045) in BAL fluid. In GER children, but not in controls, neutrophil proportion significantly correlated with LLM index (r=0.65, P=0.002), with IL-8 (r=0.62, P=0.003) and MPO levels (r=0.54, P=0.014) but not with elastase concentrations. These results suggest an active pathogenetic role of IL-8 in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils in the airways of children with GER, respiratory symptoms and BAL findings suggestive of gastric content aspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Sacco
- U.O.C. di Pneumologia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, Genova 16147, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Silvestri M, Battistini E, Defilippi AC, Sabatini F, Sale R, Pecora S, Rossi GA. Early decrease in nasal eosinophil proportion after nasal allergen challenge correlates with baseline bronchial reactivity to methacholine in children sensitized to house dust mites. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2005; 15:266-76. [PMID: 16433208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is induced by an IgE mediated inflammation after allergen exposure of the membranes lining the nose which, in predisposed individuals, may constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of asthma. OBJECTIVE To detect early changes in nasal inflammation after allergen exposure, 11 children [9.0 (7, 11) yrs], sensitized to house dust mites (HDM), with rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma and an age- and gender-matched control group (Ctr) were studied. METHODS The following parameters were evaluated: i) pulmonary function; ii) bronchial reactivity to methacholine (MCh), expressed as Pd20MCh; iii) nasal brushing (NB) 'at baseline' and, on a separate day, 30 min after nasal allergen challenge (NAC). On NBs, the following markers of inflammation were evaluated: a) neutrophil and eosinophil proportion, b) 'intact to degranulated eosinophil' ratio, and c) expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and HLA-DR by nasal epithelial cells. RESULTS 'At baseline', allergic children showed elevated nasal eosinophilia and increased ICAM-1 and HLA-DR expression (p<0.05), as compared to Ctr. In allergic children, nasal eosinophilia correlated with Pd20MCh (p=0.002). The significant decrease in nasal eosinophilia observed after NAC (p=0.002) was associated with a significant decrease in the 'intact to degranulated eosinophil' ratio (p=0.001). Interestingly, correlations were still present between Pd20MCh and 'post NAC' eosinophilia (p=0.004) or the NAC-induced decrease in eosinophilia (p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS In children sensitized to HDM, experimental allergen exposure is followed by an early depletion of nasal eosinophils. The correlation between allergen-induced changes in nasal eosinophilia and bronchial reactivity to MCh further supports the concept of a tight link between upper and lower respiratory tract involvement in respiratory allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Silvestri
- Pulmonary Dept, G Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sabatini F, Silvestri M, Sale R, Serpero L, Raynal ME, Di Blasi P, Rossi GA. Modulation of the constitutive or cytokine-induced bronchial epithelial cell functions in vitro by fluticasone propionate. Immunol Lett 2004; 89:215-24. [PMID: 14556981 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When exposed to proinflammatory mediators, human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) upregulate the 'constitutive' adhesion molecule expression and cytokine/chemokine release. We tested whether and to what extent the inhibitory effect of fluticasone propionate on HBECs could involve the 'constitutive' and 'cytokine-induced' proinflammatory functions. Stimulation of the HBECs with interleukin (IL)-4 plus tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was more effective in upregulating intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 ( approximately 2.2-fold increase) than vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 ( approximately 1.6-fold increase) expression (P<0.05) and in increasing the release of 'regulated on activation normal T cell expressed' (RANTES, 5.7-fold increase) than of IL-8 (3.5-fold increase) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF, 2.8-fold increase), (P<0.01). Fluticasone propionate, at the two concentrations tested (10 and 100 nM), was more effective in inhibiting the 'IL-4 plus TNF-alpha-induced' ICAM-1 expression than VCAM-1 expression (P<0.05) and in downregulating RANTES than IL-8 or GM-CSF secretion (P<0.05). The degree of inhibition demonstrated by fluticasone propionate appeared to be related to the degree of cell activation. In addition, for both adhesion molecules, the effect of fluticasone propionate at both concentrations tested appeared to be related to a complete inhibition of 'IL-4 plus TNF-alpha-induced' expression with no involvement of the 'constitutive' expression. Slightly different results were observed for cytokine/chemokine release. Indeed, evaluating RANTES, a complete inhibition of the 'IL-4 plus TNF-alpha-induced' release with a partial inhibition also of the 'constitutive' release at both concentrations of the drug tested was found, whereas for GM-CSF and IL-8, only a partial inhibition of the 'IL-4 plus TNF-alpha-induced' release in the presence of fluticasone propionate 10 and 100 nM. Thus, HBECs can constitutively or upon activation express adhesion molecules and secrete proinflammatory proteins at various levels and the different ability of fluticasone propionate to modulate the HBEC functions appears to be mostly related to the different inhibition of the various 'IL-4 plus TNF-alpha-induced' responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sabatini
- Pulmonary Diseases Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Most of the data on the pathogenesis of asthma is based on information obtained through bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage in adults and young adults. Ethical considerations linked to the invasive nature of airway endoscopy have limited the studies on the pathophysiology of asthma in infancy and early childhood. Although there is evidence that an asthma-like inflammation, with increased inflammatory cells and thickening of the lung basement membrane, may be present also at a very early age, clinical and epidemiologic studies suggest that asthma manifestations in preschool children may significantly differ from those observed in older subjects. In western countries, the vast majority of infants and young children has episodic (or intermittent) asthma, and the exacerbations generally defined "wheezing episodes" occur more frequently with a seasonal pattern being usually related to acute viral infections. There is strong epidemiological evidence that approximately 2/3 of all children who wheeze because of viral infections in early life (and are not atopic) have a transient condition that tends to disappear during early school years. All respiratory viruses may be implicated in the wheezing episodes, the principal being respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and, with a lower frequency, adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses during the first 3 years of life, and rhinoviruses after that age. Infants and preschool children have on average 6-8 "colds" per year, but the illness tends to be limited to the upper respiratory tract alone in a considerable proportion of individuals, without causing symptomatic involvement of the lower respiratory tract. The variety of factors determining the different outcomes are only partially known, but complex interactions between the intrinsic pathogenicity of the virus and host factors, including the socio-economic conditions of the family, are central to define the type of manifestations and the severity of the process.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Extensive lesions and changes in the architecture of the airway walls are commonly described in patients with respiratory infections, asthma, chronic bronchitis and interstitial lung diseases. Current knowledge identifies in airway epithelial cells and in fibroblasts the two cell types mainly involved in tissue repair after injury. During inflammatory respiratory disorders, extensive injury of airway epithelium may occur, with shedding of a large sheet of damaged cells in the bronchial and alveolar lumen but also with activation of the surviving epithelial cells and of the underlying fibroblasts. Indeed, besides acting as a physical and functional barrier to external agents, the epithelial surface of the bronchi has the capability to modulate the repair processes through the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and the interaction with interstitial fibroblasts. Besides releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, the surviving epithelial cells and the underlying fibroblasts secrete factors contributing to airway repair, including the formation of the provisional extracellular matrix. This is indeed the substrate to which the epithelial cells at the edge of the lesion can attach to migrate in order to reconstitute the surface layer. In these processes airway epithelial cells receive the support of bronchial wall fibroblasts which actively release cytokines stimulating epithelial cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Sacco
- Pulmonary Division, G Gaslini Institute, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sabatini F, Silvestri M, Sale R, Serpero L, Giuliani M, Scarso L, Favini P, Rossi GA. Concentration-dependent effects of mometasone furoate and dexamethasone on foetal lung fibroblast functions involved in airway inflammation and remodeling. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2003; 16:287-97. [PMID: 12877820 DOI: 10.1016/s1094-5539(03)00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts play a key role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and remodeling through the release of mediators and the expression of surface molecules connected with cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of two corticosteroids, mometasone furoate (MOM) and dexamethasone (DEX), respectively, on a variety of fibroblast functions: DNA synthesis and proliferation, expression of adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) and hyaluronic cellular adhesion molecule (HCAM, CD44)] and release of chemokines/cytokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta]. Cells from a human foetal lung fibroblast cell line (GM 06114) were stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the presence of different concentrations (0.01-100.0nM) of MOM or DEX. A significant increase in fibroblast DNA synthesis and proliferation was observed when the cells were stimulated with bFGF (p<0.05), whereas TNF-alpha induced a significant upregulation in ICAM-1 expression and in MCP-1, eotaxin and IL-6 release (p<0.05, each comparison). No changes in HCAM expression and in TGF-beta release were observed (p>0.05, each comparison). The addition of MOM or DEX at the beginning of the cell cultures induced a significant downregulation in fibroblast DNA synthesis and proliferation, ICAM-1 and HCAM expression and chemokine/cytokine release (p<0.05, each comparison). At all the concentrations tested, MOM was more effective than DEX in inhibiting ICAM-1 expression and MCP-1 release (p<0.05, each comparison), whereas no potency advantage for MOM was detected in DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, HCAM expression and in eotaxin, IL-6 and TGF-beta release (p>0.05, each comparisons). These results extend the profile of the anti-inflammatory activity of mometasone furoate to lung fibroblast functions involved in airway inflammation and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Sabatini
- Pulmonary Division, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sacco O, Sale R, Silvestri M, Serpero L, Sabatini F, Raynal ME, Biraghi M, Rossi GA. Total and allergen-specific IgE levels in serum reflect blood eosinophilia and fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentrations but not pulmonary functions in allergic asthmatic children sensitized to house dust mites. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003; 14:475-81. [PMID: 14675476 DOI: 10.1046/j.0905-6157.2003.00092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) are considered the hallmark of atopic diseases, their clinical value in evaluating subjects with allergic disorders is under debate. To evaluate possible relationships between serum IgE levels and a variety of clinical parameters, 83 mild asthmatic children [10.98-year-old (2.95)], sensitized to house dust mites (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) or D. farinae (Df), were enrolled. As compared with normal control reference values detected in our laboratory, children with allergic asthma had higher blood eosinophil counts (expressed both as percentage and as absolute number) and higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels but similar values in pulmonary function parameters. In the allergic asthmatic population, serum levels of total, Dp-specific or Df-specific IgE correlated positively with eosinophil counts (Rho > or = 0.30, p < 0.01, each correlation) and FeNO levels (Rho > or = 0.33, p < 0.01, each correlation) but not with pulmonary function parameters (p > 0.1, each correlation). Finally, significant correlations, although moderate, were found in the allergic asthmatic population between eosinophil counts and FeNO levels (Rho > or = 0.42, p < 0.001, each correlation). Thus, in atopic children sensitized to HDM with mild intermittent asthma, IgE levels in blood appear to reflect systemic (blood eosinophils) and organ-specific (FeNO) markers of allergic inflammation but not pulmonary volumes or the degree of airflow limitation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sabatini F, Silvestri M, Sale R, Serpero L, Di Blasi P, Rossi GA. Cytokine release and adhesion molecule expression by stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells are downregulated by salmeterol. Respir Med 2003; 97:1052-60. [PMID: 14509560 DOI: 10.1016/s0954-6111(03)00137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Summary beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists are able to modulate various aspects of airway cell functions involved in the inflammatory and repair processes characterizing a variety of respiratory disorders. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), which can act as immune effector cells and express beta2-adrenoreceptors, were used to test the effects of different concentrations (0.1-100.0 nM) of salmeterol (Salm) on adhesion molecule expression and chemokine/cytokine release. HBECs, freshly isolated from resected bronchi at the time of surgery in ex-smokers with lung cancer, constitutively expressed over 3 times more ICAM-1 than VCAM-1 (P<0.05) and secreted greater amounts of IL-8 than of GM-CSF or RANTES (P<0.001). Stimulation of HBECs with IL-4, TNF-alpha or IL-4 plus TNF-alpha-upregulated ICAM-1 expression (P<0.05) and increased GM-CSF and IL-8 secretion (P<0.05). Similarly, VCAM-1 expression was significantly increased by IL-4 plus TNF-alpha, while RANTES release was significantly enhanced by IL-4 or by IL-4 plus TNF-alpha (P<0.05), but not by TNF-alpha alone (P>0.05). Dose-response curves showed that Salm, at concentration >1.0 nM, was effective in inhibiting adhesion molecule expression and cytokine release by HBECs (P<0.05). At a Salm concentration of 10 nM the degree of inhibition observed was similar for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression (37.2 +/- 9.3% and 32.9 +/- 9.6%, respectively; P>0.05), but higher for RANTES (88.4 +/- 4.4%), as compared to IL-8 (21.8 +/- 7.0%) or GM-CSF (30.1 +/- 6.6%; P<0.05, each comparison). Thus, adhesion molecules and cytokines may be expressed/released at very different levels by unstimulated or stimulated HBECs and those activities appear to be modulated by Salm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Sabatini
- Pulmonary Division, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sale R, Silvestri M, Battistini E, Defilippi AC, Sabatini F, Pecora S, Rossi GA. Nasal inflammation and bronchial reactivity to methacholine in atopic children with respiratory symptoms. Allergy 2003; 58:1171-5. [PMID: 14616129 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In atopic subjects, dysfunctions of the upper and lower airways frequently coexist and allergic rhinitis seems to constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of asthma in predisposed individuals. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate whether in atopic subjects nasal inflammation could reflect changes in respiratory functions, 11 allergic children, sensitized to house dust mites (HDM), with rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma and 10 nonatopic controls (ctrs) were studied. METHODS All subjects underwent nasal brushing to detect percentages of nasal eosinophils (Eos %) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression by nasal epithelial cells. In the same day pulmonary function tests, i.e. forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory flows at 25-75% of the vital capacity (FEF25-75%) and methacholine (MCh) bronchial inhalation challenge were also evaluated. RESULTS Pulmonary function parameters were not significantly different in allergic children and in ctrs (P > 0.05), while a significant increase in bronchial reactivity to MCh, expressed as Pd20 MCh, was detected in the former population (P < 0.05). As compared with ctrs, allergic children showed elevated Eos % and ICAM-1 expression (P < 0.05). When nasal inflammation and pulmonary function parameters were compared, a significant correlation was found between nasal Eos % and bronchial reactivity to MCh (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept of significant links between upper and lower respiratory tract involvement in atopic children sensitized to HDM.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Allergens/immunology
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/metabolism
- Asthma/pathology
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity
- Bronchial Provocation Tests
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/immunology
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/metabolism
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/pathology
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/physiopathology
- Eosinophils/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Inflammation
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Male
- Methacholine Chloride
- Nasal Mucosa/metabolism
- Nasal Mucosa/pathology
- Pyroglyphidae/immunology
- Respiratory Mechanics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/pathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology
- Skin Tests
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sale
- Pulmonary Division, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|