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P2 Receptors: Novel Disease Markers and Metabolic Checkpoints in Immune Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070983. [PMID: 35883539 PMCID: PMC9313346 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) and P2 receptors are novel emerging regulators of T-lymphocyte responses. Cellular ATP is released via multiple pathways and accumulates at sites of tissue damage and inflammation. P2 receptor expression and function are affected by numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diverse disease conditions. Stimulation by released nucleotides (purinergic signalling) modulates several T-lymphocyte functions, among which energy metabolism. Energy metabolism, whether oxidative or glycolytic, in turn deeply affects T-cell activation, differentiation and effector responses. Specific P2R subtypes, among which the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), are either up- or down-regulated during T-cell activation and differentiation; thus, they can be considered indexes of activation/quiescence, reporters of T-cell metabolic status and, in principle, markers of immune-mediated disease conditions.
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2
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Keikha M, Karbalaei M. P2X7 polymorphism (rs3751143) and its reliability as a diagnostic biomarker for tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 69:85-89. [PMID: 35074157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
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Souza RDC, Louvain de Souza T, Ferreira CDS, Nascimento LS, Nahn EP, Peixoto-Rangel AL. Associations Between the Purinergic Receptor P2X7 and Leprosy Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:730991. [PMID: 34795692 PMCID: PMC8593470 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.730991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is an infectious disease still highly prevalent in Brazil, having been detected around 27,863 new cases in 2019. Exposure to Mycobacterium leprae may not be sufficient to trigger the disease, which seems to be influenced by host immunogenetics to determine resistance or susceptibility. The purinergic receptor P2X7 plays a crucial role in immunity, inflammation, neurological function, bone homeostasis, and neoplasia and is associated with several infectious and non-infectious diseases. Here, we first compare the P2RX7 expression in RNA-seq experiments from 16 leprosy cases and 16 healthy controls to establish the magnitude of allele-specific expression for single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene P2RX7 and to determine the level of gene expression in healthy and diseased skin. In addition, we also evaluated the association of two P2RX7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (c.1513A>C/rs3751143 and c.1068A>G/rs1718119) with leprosy risk. The expression of P2RX7 was found significantly upregulated at macrophage cells from leprosy patients compared with healthy controls, mainly in macrophages from lepromatous patients. Significant risk for leprosy disease was associated with loss function of rs3751143 homozygous mutant CC [CC vs. AA: p = 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 1.676, 95% CI = 1.251–2.247] but not with heterozygous AC (AC vs. AA: p = 0.001; OR = 1.429, 95% CI = 1.260–1.621). Contrary, the polymorphic A allele from the gain function of rs1718119 was associated with protection for the development of leprosy, as observed in the dominant model (AA + AG × GG p = 0.0028; OR = 0.03516; CI = 0.1801–0.6864). So, our results suggest that the functional P2X7 purinergic receptor may exert a key role in the Mycobacterium death inside macrophages and inflammatory response, which is necessary to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka da Conceição Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Thaís Louvain de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.,Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Cristina Dos Santos Ferreira
- Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Letícia Silva Nascimento
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Alba Lucínia Peixoto-Rangel
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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Ucer O, Muezzinoglu T, Ozden E, Aslan G, Izol V, Bayazit Y, Altan M, Akdogan B, Ozen H, Sozen S, Cetin S, Suer E, Esen B, Baltaci S. How accurate is radiological imaging for perirenal fat and renal vein invasion in renal cell carcinoma? Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14359. [PMID: 33974338 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of radiological staging, especially renal venous and perirenal fat invasion, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of 4823 renal tumour patients from Renal Tumor Database of Association of Uro-oncology in Turkey were evaluated. Of 4823 patients, 3309 RCC patients had complete radiological, and histopathological data were included to this study. The Pearson chi-squared test (χ2 ) was used to compare radiological and histopathological stages. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of 3309 patients was 58 (12.3). Preoperative radiological imaging was performed using computed tomography (CT) (n = 2510, 75.8%) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n = 799, 24.2%). There was a substantial concordance between radiological and pathological staging (к = 0.52, P < .001). Sensitivities of radiological staging in stages I, II, III and IV were 90.7%, 67.3%, 27.7% and 64.2%, respectively. The sensitivity in stage III was lower than the other stages. Subanalysis of stage IIIa cases revealed that, for perirenal fat invasion and renal vein invasion, sensitivity values were 15.4% and 11.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was a substantial concordance between radiological (CT and/or MRI) and pathological T staging in RCC. However, this is not true for T3 cases. Sensitivity of preoperative radiological imaging in patients with pT3a tumours is insufficient and lower than the other stages. Consequently, preoperative imaging in patients with T3 RCC has to be improved, in order to better inform the patients regarding prognosis of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Ucer
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Talha Muezzinoglu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ender Ozden
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guven Aslan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Izol
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yildirim Bayazit
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mesut Altan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Akdogan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Ozen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Sozen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Cetin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evren Suer
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baris Esen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sumer Baltaci
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Soare AY, Freeman TL, Min AK, Malik HS, Osota EO, Swartz TH. P2RX7 at the Host-Pathogen Interface of Infectious Diseases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00055-20. [PMID: 33441488 PMCID: PMC7849353 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00055-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) is an important molecule that functions as a danger sensor, detecting extracellular nucleotides from injured cells and thus signaling an inflammatory program to nearby cells. It is expressed in immune cells and plays important roles in pathogen surveillance and cell-mediated responses to infectious organisms. There is an abundance of literature on the role of P2RX7 in inflammatory diseases and the role of these receptors in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we describe the current knowledge of the role of P2RX7 in the host response to a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. We describe in vitro and in vivo evidence for the critical role these receptors play in mediating and modulating immune responses. Our observations indicate a role for P2X7 signaling in sensing damage-associated molecular patterns released by nearby infected cells to facilitate immunopathology or protection. In this review, we describe how P2RX7 signaling can play critical roles in numerous cells types in response to a diverse array of pathogens in mediating pathogenesis and immunity to infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Soare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracey L Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alice K Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hagerah S Malik
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Osota
- University of California San Diego, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Sun D, Lu Q, Wei C, Li Y, Zheng Y, Hu B. Differential diagnosis of <3 cm renal tumors by ultrasonography: a rapid, quantitative, elastography self-corrected contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging mode beyond screening. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20190974. [PMID: 32479108 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the combined diagnostic strategy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) in the precise differential diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and urothelium carcinoma of the renal pelvis (UCRP) with other small renal tumors (SRTs) <3 cm in size. METHODS The elastography self-corrected CEUS (ESC) mode was established to perform the quantitative differential diagnosis of SRTs (<3 cm). The kidney shear wave velocity (SWV) value recorded by ARFI showed substantial variability in patients with CCRCC (high elasticity value) and UCRP (low elasticity value) compared with other renal masses, thus providing critical self-correction information for the ultrasound differential diagnosis of SRTs. RESULTS In this work, the ESC observations and the corresponding ESC criteria show a remarkable 94.6% accuracy in reference to the gold standards, thus allowing the quantitative, early triple distinction of CCRCC with UCRP and other SRTs in patients with suspicious SRTs. CONCLUSIONS This ARFI self-corrected CEUS diagnostic strategy is far beyond a screening method and may have the potential to identify a window of therapeutic opportunity in which emerging therapies might be applied to patients with CCRCC and UCRP, reducing overtreatment and medical costs. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE In our study, a new rapid and non-invasive elastography self-corrected CEUS (ESC) ultrasound imaging mode was developed, which was useful in the triple distinction of CCRCC, UCRP, and other SRTs with 94.6% accuracy. ESC is a promising method in the differential diagnosis of SRTs with accuracy and practicability far beyond a single screening model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Qijie Lu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Cong Wei
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
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Inflammasome genetics and complex diseases: a comprehensive review. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1307-1321. [PMID: 32499599 PMCID: PMC7608315 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex responsible for the activation of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1, -4, and -5) in response to pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns or to homeostasis-altering molecular pathways, and for the consequent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18. Taking in account the complexity of inflammasome activation and that several regulatory steps are involved in maintaining its physiologic role in homeostasis and innate immune response, it does not surprise that several genetic variants in inflammasome components have been associated with common pathologies in the general population, such as autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and associated metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Moreover, the susceptibility to infectious agents and/or to develop severe complications during infections also has been related to inflammasome genetics. In this work, we revised genetic association studies about polymorphisms of main inflammasome genes in sterile as well as infectious diseases, trying to depict the genetic contribution of inflammasome in disease pathogenesis.
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Stokes L, Bidula S, Bibič L, Allum E. To Inhibit or Enhance? Is There a Benefit to Positive Allosteric Modulation of P2X Receptors? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:627. [PMID: 32477120 PMCID: PMC7235284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of ligand-gated ion channels known as P2X receptors were discovered several decades ago. Since the cloning of the seven P2X receptors (P2X1-P2X7), a huge research effort has elucidated their roles in regulating a range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Transgenic animals have been influential in understanding which P2X receptors could be new therapeutic targets for disease. Furthermore, understanding how inherited mutations can increase susceptibility to disorders and diseases has advanced this knowledge base. There has been an emphasis on the discovery and development of pharmacological tools to help dissect the individual roles of P2X receptors and the pharmaceutical industry has been involved in pushing forward clinical development of several lead compounds. During the discovery phase, a number of positive allosteric modulators have been described for P2X receptors and these have been useful in assigning physiological roles to receptors. This review will consider the major physiological roles of P2X1-P2X7 and discuss whether enhancement of P2X receptor activity would offer any therapeutic benefit. We will review what is known about identified compounds acting as positive allosteric modulators and the recent identification of drug binding pockets for such modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Stokes
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Bidula
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lučka Bibič
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Allum
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Sanz JM, Falzoni S, Morieri ML, Passaro A, Zuliani G, Di Virgilio F. Association of Hypomorphic P2X7 Receptor Genotype With Age. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:8. [PMID: 32116543 PMCID: PMC7029736 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main risk factors for brain diseases is aging. Recent studies have shown that aging is a progressive degenerative process associated with chronic low-level inflammation. The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in inflammation and has been associated with different brain (e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) or other age-related (osteoporosis, arthritis, cancer) diseases. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX7 gene have been identified, including the loss-of-function 1513A>C and 1405A>G SNPs, and the gain-of-function 489C>T and 1068G>A SNPs. We carried out a literature analysis to verify an association between P2RX7 SNPs’ frequency and age. In 34 worldwide eligible studies (11.858 subjects) no correlation between 1513CC genotype frequency and age emerged. On the contrary, analysis of European Caucasian cohorts (7.241 subjects) showed a significant increase in 1513CC frequency with age (P = 0.027). In agreement with these findings, analysis of two publicly available datasets, including USA Caucasian cohorts, unveiled an increased frequency of 1513CC and 489CC genotypes with age (P = 0.0055 and P = 0.0019, respectively). Thus, hypomorphic P2RX7 genotypes may be positively selected with age in European and North American Caucasian populations. We hypothesize that Caucasian individuals bearing an anti-inflammatory P2X7R phenotype and living in high-income countries may have a longer life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Maria Sanz
- Section of Internal and Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Luca Morieri
- Section of Internal and Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Section of Internal and Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Association between P2X7 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060298. [PMID: 31234470 PMCID: PMC6631194 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Several studies inspected the impact of P2X7 polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), but the findings are still controversial and inconclusive. To achieve a more precise estimation, we conducted a meta-analysis of all eligible studies on the association between P2X7 polymorphisms and TB risk. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google scholar databases up to November 2018. Twenty-four full-text articles were included in our meta-analysis. The strength of association between P2X7 polymorphisms and TB risk was evaluated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) under five genetic models. Results: The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that the rs3751143 variant significantly increased the risk of TB in heterozygous codominant (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.17-1.78, p = 0.0006, AC vs. AA), homozygous codominant (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.40-2.49, p = 0.0004, CC vs. AA), dominant (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.22-1.85, p = 0.0002, AC + CC vs. AA), recessive (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.25-2.07, p = 0.001, CC vs. AC + AA), and allele (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.19-1.67, p < 0.0001, C vs. A) genetic models. Stratified analysis showed that rs3751143 increased the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in all genetic models. Furthermore, the rs3751143 increased risk of TB in the Asian population. The findings did not support an association between the rs2393799, rs1718119, rs208294, rs7958311, and rs2230911 polymorphisms of P2X7 and TB risk. Conclusions: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that P2X7 rs3751143 polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to TB in the Asian population. More well-designed studies are required to elucidate the exact role of P2X7 polymorphisms on TB development.
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Chi X, Song S, Cai H, Chen J, Qi Y. Associations of P2X7 Polymorphisms with the Odds of Tuberculosis: A Meta-Analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:74-80. [PMID: 30970345 DOI: 10.1159/000494728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the roles of purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7) polymorphisms in tuberculosis (TB) were analyzed by some pilot studies, but the results of these studies were inconsistent. We performed this study to better assess the relationship between P2X7 polymorphisms and the odds of TB. METHODS Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included for analyses. Significant associations with the odds of TB were detected for rs3751143 polymorphism in dominant (p = 0.01), recessive (p < 0.0001), additive (p = 0.0002), and allele models (p < 0.0001) in overall analyses. Further subgroup analyses based on the ethnicity of participants revealed that the rs1718119 polymorphism is significantly associated with the odds of TB in Asians and the rs3751143 polymorphism with the odds of TB in Caucasians. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that rs1718119 polymorphism may serve as a potential biological marker of TB in Asians and the rs3751143 polymorphism as a potential biological marker of TB in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chi
- Department of International Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuanbao Song
- Department of International Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Huafeng Cai
- Department of International Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of International Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Qi
- Department of International Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China,
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Lu J, Zhang P, Xie J, Wang J, Lin J, Chen Q, Cao L, Huang C, Li P, Zheng C. Hsa_circ_0000467 promotes cancer progression and serves as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22726. [PMID: 30461077 PMCID: PMC6818566 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in the development of malignancies. However, the diagnostic value and functional role of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely elusive. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0000467 in tissues, cell lines, and plasma. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to estimate the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0000467. The association between the expression level of hsa_circ_0000467 and the clinicopathological features was analyzed. Moreover, cell functional assays were performed. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0000467 was significantly upregulated in GC tissue compared to adjacent nontumor tissue (n = 51, P < 0.05). Similar results were detected in the HGC-27, MGC-803, AGS, NUGC-3, GES-1 cell lines (n = 15, P < 0.001), and in the plasma samples from GC patients (n = 20, P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of hsa_circ_0000467 was 0.790, which is superior to commonly used biomarkers including CEA and CA-724. We found that the expression levels of hsa_circ_0000467 in the same patient were significantly lower after surgery (n = 20, P < 0.05). Moreover, the hsa_circ_0000467 expression level is closely associated with TNM stage. Additionally, Cox multivariate analysis showed that hsa_circ_0000467 is a novel independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of hsa_circ_0000467 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Moreover, hsa_circ_0000467 silencing increased tumor apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSION Hsa_circ_0000467 can act as a novel noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of GC and may be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Peng‐yang Zhang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jian‐wei Xie
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jia‐bin Wang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jian‐xian Lin
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Qi‐yue Chen
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Long‐long Cao
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Chang‐ming Huang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Chao‐hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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13
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Amiri A, Sabooteh T, Ahmadi SAY, Azargoon A, Shahsavar F. Association of P2X7 gene common polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lur population of Iran. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Varghese BA, Chen F, Hwang DH, Cen SY, Gill IS, Duddalwar VA. Differentiating solid, non-macroscopic fat containing, enhancing renal masses using fast Fourier transform analysis of multiphase CT. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170789. [PMID: 29888982 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility of two-dimensional fast Fourier transforms (FFT)-based imaging metrics in differentiating solid, non-macroscopic fat containing, enhancing renal masses using contrast-enhanced CT images. We quantify image-based intratumoral textural variations (indicator of tumor heterogeneity) using frequency-based (FFT) imaging metrics. METHODS In this Institutional Review Board approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act -compliant, retrospective case-control study, we evaluated 156 patients with predominantly solid, non-macroscopic fat containing, enhancing renal masses identified between June 2009 and June 2016. 110 cases (70%) were malignant RCC, including clear cell, papillary and chromophobe subtypes and, 46 cases (30%) were benign renal masses: oncocytoma and lipid-poor angiomyolipoma. Whole lesions were manually segmented using Synapse 3D (Fujifilm, CT) and co-registered from the multiphase CT acquisitions for each tumor. Pathological diagnosis of all tumors was obtained following surgical resection. Matlab function, FFT2 was used to perform the image to frequency transformation. RESULTS A Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that FFT-based metrics were significantly (p < 0.005) different between 1. benign vs malignant renal masses, 2. oncocytoma vs clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 3. oncocytoma vs lipid-poor angiomyolipoma. Receiver operator characteristics analysis revealed reasonable discrimination (area under the curve >0.7, p < 0.05) within these three groups of comparisons. CONCLUSION In combination with other metrics, FFT-metrics may improve patient management and potentially help differentiate other renal tumors. Advances in knowledge: We report for the first time that FFT-based metrics can differentiate between some solid, non-macroscopic fat containing, enhancing renal masses using their contrast-enhanced CT data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bino A Varghese
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Frank Chen
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Darryl H Hwang
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Steven Y Cen
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Inderbir S Gill
- 2 Institute of Urology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Vinay A Duddalwar
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA.,2 Institute of Urology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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15
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Savio LEB, de Andrade Mello P, da Silva CG, Coutinho-Silva R. The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29467654 PMCID: PMC5808178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the cells, ATP and related nucleotides/nucleoside generated by ectonucleotidases mediate a high evolutionary conserved signaling system: the purinergic signaling, which is involved in a variety of pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases. Extracellular ATP has been considered an endogenous adjuvant that can initiate inflammation by acting as a danger signal through the activation of purinergic type 2 receptors-P2 receptors (P2Y G-protein coupled receptors and P2X ligand-gated ion channels). Among the P2 receptors, the P2X7 receptor is the most extensively studied from an immunological perspective, being involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. P2X7 receptor activation induces large-scale ATP release via its intrinsic ability to form a membrane pore or in association with pannexin hemichannels, boosting purinergic signaling. ATP acting via P2X7 receptor is the second signal to the inflammasome activation, inducing both maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, and the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Furthermore, the P2X7 receptor is involved in caspases activation, as well as in apoptosis induction. During adaptive immune response, P2X7 receptor modulates the balance between the generation of T helper type 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. Therefore, this receptor is involved in several inflammatory pathological conditions. In infectious diseases and cancer, P2X7 receptor can have different and contrasting effects, being an angel or a demon depending on its level of activation, cell studied, type of pathogen, and severity of infection. In neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, P2X7 upregulation and function appears to contribute to disease progression. In this review, we deeply discuss P2X7 receptor dual function and its pharmacological modulation in the context of different pathologies, and we also highlight the P2X7 receptor as a potential target to treat inflammatory related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E B Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cleide Gonçalves da Silva
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Zhou Y, Tan CY, Mo ZJ, Gao QL, He D, Li J, Huang RF, Li YB, Guo CF, Guo Q, Wang LJ, Yang GT, Zhang HQ. P2X7 receptor in spinal tuberculosis: Gene polymorphisms and protein levels in Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 57:138-144. [PMID: 29158203 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 1%-5% of all TB infections. Host genetic variation influences susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expressed on cells has been identified as a regulatory molecule in cell death/apoptosis, killing of intercellular pathogens, and bone turnover. This study investigated the P2X7 gene polymorphisms and protein levels in spinal TB. P2X7 gene -762C>T and 489C>T polymorphisms were genotyped. The expression of P2X7R in bone or intervertebral disc (ID) tissues was analyzed by Western blot assay. The -762C>T and 489C>T polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to spinal TB. Having the -762CC genotype and -762C allele increased the risk of developing spinal TB (CC vs. TT: P=0.031, OR [95%CI]=1.865 [1.053-3.304]; C vs. T: P=0.028, OR [95%CI]=1.355 [1.034-1.775]). The presence of the 489T allele was associated with an increased risk of developing spinal TB (TT vs. CC: P=0.004, OR [95%CI]=2.248 [1.283-3.939]; CT vs. CC: P=0.044, OR [95%CI]=1.755 [1.011-3.047]; T vs. C: P=0.004, OR [95%CI]=1.482 [1.134-1.936]; TT+CT vs. CC: P=0.010, OR [95%CI]=1.967 [1.171-3.304]; TT vs. CT+CC: P=0.037, OR [95%CI]=1.489 [1.023-2.167]). The expression of P2X7R in TB-induced bone lesions increased significantly among spinal TB patients (t=0.011). Carrying the P2X7 -762CC genotype and 489T allele is associated with an increased risk of developing spinal TB in a Southern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chun-Yan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Mo
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qi-le Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Dan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong-Fu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan-Bing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao-Feng Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long-Jie Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guan-Teng Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Qi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Salles ÉMD, Menezes MND, Siqueira R, Borges da Silva H, Amaral EP, Castillo-Méndez SI, Cunha I, Cassado ADA, Vieira FS, Olivieri DN, Tadokoro CE, Alvarez JM, Coutinho-Silva R, D'Império-Lima MR. P2X7 receptor drives Th1 cell differentiation and controls the follicular helper T cell population to protect against Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006595. [PMID: 28859168 PMCID: PMC5597262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of protective immunity is crucial to improve vaccine strategies to eradicate malaria. However, it is still unclear whether recognition of damage signals influences the immune response to Plasmodium infection. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulates in infected erythrocytes and is released into the extracellular milieu through ion channels in the erythrocyte membrane or upon erythrocyte rupture. The P2X7 receptor senses extracellular ATP and induces CD4 T cell activation and death. Here we show that P2X7 receptor promotes T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation to the detriment of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells during blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. The P2X7 receptor was activated in CD4 T cells following the rupture of infected erythrocytes and these cells became highly responsive to ATP during acute infection. Moreover, mice lacking the P2X7 receptor had increased susceptibility to infection, which correlated with impaired Th1 cell differentiation. Accordingly, IL-2 and IFNγ secretion, as well as T-bet expression, critically depended on P2X7 signaling in CD4 T cells. Additionally, P2X7 receptor controlled the splenic Tfh cell population in infected mice by promoting apoptotic-like cell death. Finally, the P2X7 receptor was required to generate a balanced Th1/Tfh cell population with an improved ability to transfer parasite protection to CD4-deficient mice. This study provides a new insight into malaria immunology by showing the importance of P2X7 receptor in controlling the fine-tuning between Th1 and Tfh cell differentiation during P. chabaudi infection and thus in disease outcome. Malaria still causes the death of approximately half a million people yearly despite efforts to develop vaccines. The ability of Plasmodium parasites to survive the immune effector mechanisms indicates how suitable the immune response must be to eliminate the infection. CD4 T cells have a dual role in protection against blood-stage malaria by producing IFNγ and helping B cells to secrete antibodies. Infected erythrocytes release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a damage signal that can be recognized by purinergic receptors. Among them, the P2X7 receptor senses extracellular ATP and induces CD4 T cell activation and death. Here, we evaluated the role of P2X7 receptor in the CD4 T cell response during blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. We observed that the selective expression of P2X7 receptor in CD4 T cells was required for T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation, contributing to IFNγ production and parasite control. In contrast, we found an increase in follicular T helper (Tfh) cell population, germinal center reaction and anti-parasite antibody production in the absence of the P2X7 receptor. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into malaria pathogenesis by demonstrating the importance of damage signals for the fine-tuning between Th1 and Tfh cell populations and thus for the outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Machado de Salles
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nogueira de Menezes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Siqueira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Borges da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center of Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Cunha
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Sarmento Vieira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Maria Alvarez
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Meio Ambiente da Região Amazônica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Petit-Jentreau L, Tailleux L, Coombes JL. Purinergic Signaling: A Common Path in the Macrophage Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:347. [PMID: 28824882 PMCID: PMC5545599 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are essential for the protection of the host against external dangers or infections and are normally efficient in the clearance of invading microbes. However, some intracellular pathogens have developed strategies to replicate and survive within host cells resulting in latent infection associated with strong inflammation. This excessive response can cause cell and tissue damage and lead to the release of the intracellular content, in particular the nucleotide pool, into the extracellular space. Over the last decade, new studies have implicated metabolites from the purinergic pathway in shaping the host immune response against intracellular pathogens and proved their importance in the outcome of the infection. This review aims to summarize how the immune system employs the purinergic system either to fight the pathogen, or to control collateral tissue damage. This will be achieved by focusing on the macrophage response against two intracellular pathogens, the human etiologic agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Petit-Jentreau
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Infection Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Tailleux
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut PasteurParis, France.,Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Institut PasteurParis, France
| | - Janine L Coombes
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Infection Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom
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19
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Gao H, Li D, Yang P, Zhao L, Wei L, Chen Y, Ruan XZ. Suppression of CD36 attenuates adipogenesis with a reduction of P2X7 expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:204-208. [PMID: 28712872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a process of differentiation from preadipocyte into adipocyte, and is regulated by several transcription factors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). CD36 is a membrane protein which contributes to the metabolic disorders such as obesity. Although the previous study demonstrated CD36 participated in the progression of adipogenesis, the mechanism is still unclear. We report here that knockdown of CD36 expression by CD36 small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in a reduction of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenic protein expression. In addition, purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7) was downregulated in CD36-knockdown 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that the suppression of CD36 attenuates adipogenesis via the P2X7 pathway in 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Gao
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Danyang Li
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (CCID), Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
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20
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Berman M, Mattheolabakis G, Suresh M, Amiji M. Reversing epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance in solid tumors using targeted microRNA delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:987-98. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1178236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Berman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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