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Sanz JM, D'Amuri A, Sergi D, Angelini S, Fortunato V, Favari E, Vigna G, Zuliani G, Dalla Nora E, Passaro A. Cholesterol efflux capacity is increased in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia in a retrospective case-control study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8415. [PMID: 37225774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by an increase in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and by premature Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). However, it remains to be fully elucidated if FH impairs cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), and whether CEC is related to lipoprotein subfraction distribution. This study aimed at comparing FH patients and age, sex and BMI matched controls in terms of LDL and HDL subfraction distribution as well as CEC. Forty FH patients and 80 controls, matched for age, sex and BMI, were enrolled in this case-control study. LDL and HDL subfractions were analyzed using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint System. CEC was evaluated as aq-CEC and ABCA1-CEC. FH subjects showed a significantly higher concentration of all LDL subfractions, and a shift from large to small HDL subfraction pattern relative to controls. FH subjects with previous CVD event had smaller LDL lipoproteins than controls and FH subjects without previous CVD event. Both aq-CEC and ABCA1-CEC were increased in FH patients with respect to controls. To conclude, FH subjects had a metabolic profile characterized not only by higher LDL-C but also by shift from large to small HDL subfraction phenotype. However, FH subjects showed an increase CEC than controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Amuri
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sharon Angelini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Fortunato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vigna
- Medicina Generale, Ospedale di Trecenta, Via U. Grisetti, 265, 45027, Trecenta, RO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
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Greco S, Sanz JM, Bortolotti D, Semprini CM, Braga C, Gafà R, Santi E, Maestri I, Rizzo R, Greco P, Passaro A. Case report: Tissue positivity for SARS-CoV-2 in a preterm born infant death of thrombosis: possible intrauterine transmission. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1127529. [PMID: 37250636 PMCID: PMC10213910 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1127529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2) is still matter of debate among scientists and there is limited information concerning this aspect of research. This could lead to severe complications of the growing fetus and, theoretically, of the newborn as well. We report the case of a male infant of 1,100 grams, born at 27th week of gestation to a SARS-CoV-2 mother, tested negative for viral detection at delivery. He was immediately admitted to neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for severe complications, where he died after 37 days by pulmonary embolism and thrombosis of the superior vena cava. After autopsy, SARS-CoV-2 N-protein and Spike RBD were detected in several tissues, particularly in the esophagus, stomach, spleen, and heart, with a significantly higher H-Score than the placenta. In conclusion, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 NP and Spike RBD positivity in different tissues suggesting a possible intrauterine transmission. Newborn thrombo-embolism could be a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection as observed in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Greco
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daria Bortolotti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Braga
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Santi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Iva Maestri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Greco
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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Vultaggio-Poma V, Sanz JM, Amico A, Violi A, Ghisellini S, Pizzicotti S, Passaro A, Papi A, Libanore M, Di Virgilio F, Giuliani AL. The shed P2X7 receptor is an index of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182454. [PMID: 37215142 PMCID: PMC10196164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathophysiology of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is incompletely known. A robust inflammatory response caused by viral replication is a main cause of the acute lung and multiorgan injury observed in critical patients. Inflammasomes are likely players in COVID-19 pathogenesis. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a plasma membrane ATP-gated ion channel, is a main activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome, of the ensuing release of inflammatory cytokines and of cell death by pyroptosis. The P2X7R has been implicated in COVID-19-dependent hyperinflammation and in the associated multiorgan damage. Shed P2X7R (sP2X7R) and shed NLRP3 (sNLRP3) have been detected in plasma and other body fluids, especially during infection and inflammation. Methods Blood samples from 96 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with various degrees of disease severity were tested at the time of diagnosis at hospital admission. Standard haematological parameters and IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, sP2X7R and sNLRP3 levels were measured, compared to reference values, statistically validated, and correlated to clinical outcome. Results Most COVID-19 patients included in this study had lymphopenia, eosinopenia, neutrophilia, increased inflammatory and coagulation indexes, and augmented sNLRP3, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Blood concentration of sP2X7R was also increased, and significantly positively correlated with lymphopenia, procalcitonin (PCT), IL-10, and alanine transaminase (ALT). Patients with increased sP2X7R levels at diagnosis also showed fever and respiratory symptoms, were more often transferred to Pneumology division, required mechanical ventilation, and had a higher likelihood to die during hospitalization. Conclusion Blood sP2X7R was elevated in the early phases of COVID-19 and predicted an adverse clinical outcome. It is suggested that sP2X7R might be a useful marker of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutic and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Amico
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Violi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Ghisellini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Pizzicotti
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, St. Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, St. Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Libanore
- Infectious Diseases Unit, St. Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
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Sergi D, Sanz JM, Lazzer S, Brombo G, Zuliani G, Biolo G, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Dalla Nora E, Passaro A. Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071782. [PMID: 37049621 PMCID: PMC10097292 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids are pivotal in modulating metabolic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators characterizing metabolic inflammation, interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been consistently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to evaluate whether the quality of lipid intake impacts upon IL-18 plasma levels and the implications on insulin resistance computed by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using a cross-sectional design, this study confirmed that IL-18 correlated positively with insulin resistance and individuals with a HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 displayed higher circulating IL-18 levels compared with their insulin-sensitive counterparts. In terms of the effect of the quality of dietary lipids on IL-18 circulating levels, the ratio between monounsaturated, omega-3, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids as well as the intake of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids correlated negatively with IL-18. Despite this, IL-18 circulating levels, but not dietary fatty acid quality, predicted insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the ratio between omega 3 and saturated fatty acids was a predictor of IL-18 plasma levels. Thus, the downregulation of IL-18 may underpin, at least partially, the beneficial metabolic effects of substituting omega 3 for saturated fatty acids with this cytokine potentially representing a biomarker linking dietary lipids and metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gloria Brombo
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre of Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre of Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy
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Schiuma G, Beltrami S, Santi E, Scutiero G, Sanz JM, Semprini CM, Rizzo S, Fernandez M, Zidi I, Gafà R, Passaro A, Greco P, Bortolotti D, Rizzo R. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy on CD147, ACE2 and HLA-G expression. Placenta 2023; 132:38-43. [PMID: 36628848 PMCID: PMC9814282 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies reported a differential expression of both ACE2 and CD147 in pregnant women associated to SARS-CoV-2 placental infection. The aim of this study is to further investigate the placental SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential effect on protein expression (ACE2, CD147, HLA-G and CD56). METHODS The study was on three subgroups: i) 18 subjects positive for SARS-CoV-2 swab at delivery; ii) 9 subjects that had a positive SARS-CoV-2 swab during pregnancy but resulted negative at delivery; iii) 11 control subjects with physiological pregnancy and with no previous or concomitant SARS-CoV-2 swab positivity. None of the subjects were vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The placenta samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 NP (Nucleocapsid protein) positivity and the expression of ACE2, CD147, HLA-G and CD56. RESULTS We observed a higher percentage of SARS-CoV-2 NP positive placenta samples in the group of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive at delivery in comparison with SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative at delivery. The localization of SARS-CoV-2 NP positivity in placenta samples was mainly in syncytiotrophoblast (ST) of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive at delivery group and in extra-villous trophoblast (EVT) of SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative at delivery group. CD147, HLA-G positivity was higher in ST of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive at delivery group, while CD56-expressing immune cells were decreased in comparison with control subjects. DISCUSSION We confirmed the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect placenta tissues. The simultaneous SARS-CoV-2 swab positivity at delivery and the positivity of the placenta tissue for SARS-CoV-2 NP seems to create an environment that modifies the expression of specific molecules, as CD147 and HLA-G. These data suggest a possible impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, that might be worthy to be monitored also in vaccinated subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Schiuma
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Beltrami
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Santi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Obstetric and Gynecological Clinic, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gennaro Scutiero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Obstetric and Gynecological Clinic, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Marina Semprini
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8 Cona, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mercedes Fernandez
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines Zidi
- Laboratory Microorganismes and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8 Cona, 44124, Ferrara, Italy,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Greco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Obstetric and Gynecological Clinic, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daria Bortolotti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy; LTTA-Clinical Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46 - 44100, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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D’Amuri A, Sanz JM, Lazzer S, Pišot R, Šimunič B, Biolo G, Zuliani G, Gasparini M, Narici M, Grassi B, Reggiani C, Dalla Nora E, Passaro A. Irisin Attenuates Muscle Impairment during Bed Rest through Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk. Biology 2022; 11:biology11070999. [PMID: 36101380 PMCID: PMC9311907 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The detrimental effect of physical inactivity on muscle characteristics are well known. Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine cleaved from membrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein-5 (FNDC5), mediates at least partially the metabolic benefits of exercise. This study aimed to assess the interplay between prolonged inactivity, circulating irisin, muscle performance, muscle fibers characteristics, as well as the FNDC5 gene expression (FNDC5ge) in muscle and adipose tissue among healthy subjects. Twenty-three healthy volunteers were tested before and after 14 days of Bed Rest, (BR). Post-BR circulating levels of irisin significantly increased, whereas body composition, muscle performance, and muscle fiber characteristics deteriorated. Among the subjects achieving the highest post-BR increase of irisin, the lowest reduction in maximal voluntary contraction and specific force of Fiber Slow/1, the highest increase of FNDC5ge in adipose tissue, and no variation of FNDC5ge in skeletal muscle were recorded. Subjects who had the highest FNDC5ge in adipose tissue but not in muscle tissue showed the highest circulating irisin levels and could better withstand the harmful effect of BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D’Amuri
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; (R.P.); (B.Š.); (C.R.)
| | - Bostjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; (R.P.); (B.Š.); (C.R.)
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, I-340149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mladen Gasparini
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Izola General Hospital, Polje 40, SI-6310 Izola-Isola, Slovenia;
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 3, I-35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; (R.P.); (B.Š.); (C.R.)
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.D.N.); (A.P.)
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Sanz JM, Sergi D, Colombari S, Capatti E, Situlin R, Biolo G, Di Girolamo FG, Lazzer S, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Passaro A. Dietary Acid Load but Not Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score Is Associated With Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health State: A Population Observational Study From Northern Italy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:828587. [PMID: 35558749 PMCID: PMC9087734 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.828587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of chronic diseases. In this regard, the Mediterranean diet has been widely shown to exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. On the contrary, the Western diet, which has also been reported to be an acidogenic dietary pattern, elicits detrimental effects on both metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) health. However, the role of dietary acid load (DAL) as a predictor of cardiometabolic prognosis remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study aims to compare Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) and DAL focusing on their relationship with metabolic and CV prognosis. A total of 448 individuals aged 55–80 years were grouped depending on their MDA, assessed using food frequency questionnaires, or DAL, evaluated using potential renal load acid (PRAL) and net-endogenous acid production (NEAP). Study participants underwent anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence was evaluated according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. Finally, the CV risk was evaluated using three independent algorithms: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and Cuore risk scores. Mediterranean diet adherence was negatively associated with PRAL and NEAP. Individuals in the higher MDA tertile group had higher HDL cholesterol as well as lower homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) and fat mass relative to the lowest MDA tertile. However, in the high-MDA tertile group, there was neither a significantly lower MetS prevalence nor CV risk. Instead, both the MetS prevalence and CV risk were higher in individuals in the higher acid PRAL quartile relative to the lower alkaline PRAL quartile. Dietary acid load, especially assessed using PRAL but not MDA, was associated with indices of metabolic and CV prognosis. Thus, DAL assessed by 24-h dietary recalls may represent a better predictor of cardiometabolic health if compared to MDA evaluated using food frequency questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Colombari
- University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Situlin
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Clinica Medica ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Clinica Medica ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Clinica Medica ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Hospital Pharmacy, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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D’Amuri A, Raparelli V, Sanz JM, Capatti E, Di Vece F, Vaccari F, Lazzer S, Zuliani G, Dalla Nora E, Neri LM, Passaro A. Biological Response of Irisin Induced by Different Types of Exercise in Obese Subjects: A Non-Inferiority Controlled Randomized Study. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11030392. [PMID: 35336766 PMCID: PMC8945525 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Among healthy male and female obese individuals undergoing a 12-week aerobic exercise program with either moderate intensity endurance or high-intensity interval training for losing weight, a reduction of circulating irisin was observed. Irisin is an important adipo-myokine implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism and cardiovascular health. Sex differences in the circulating levels of this biomarker have been previously reported and are likely related to the different anthropometric features between the sexes. A sex-specific modulation of circulating irisin levels should be further explored to tailor sex-specific training approaches for improving the cardiovascular health of obese subjects. Abstract Background: Weight loss through physical exercise is warranted among obese individuals. Recently, a greater benefit in cardiorespiratory fitness was achievable with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as compared with moderate intensity continuous training. The beneficial effect of training on CV health might be related to a specific modulation of circulating irisin, an adypo-myokine implicated in the regulation of energy expenditure. Methods: The present study investigates the circulating plasma levels of irisin at baseline and in response to 12-week of training program either with HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) among young female and male obese subjects. Clinical, anthropometric, and training characteristics for each participant were available. A sex-disaggregated data for circulating plasma levels of irisin pre- and post-training are provided as well as an adjusted multivariate linear regression model to identify the determinants of post-training irisin levels. Results: Data from a total of 32 obese healthy individuals (47% female, mean age 38.7 years, mean BMI 35.6 kg/m2), randomized in a 1:1 manner to HIIT or MICT were analyzed. Circulating plasma levels of irisin similarly and significantly decreased in both MICT and HIIT interventional groups. Females had higher post-exercise irisin levels than males (6.32 [5.51–6.75] vs. 4.97 [4.57–5.72] μg/mL, p = 0.001). When stratified by an interventional group, a statistically significant difference was observed only for the MICT group (male, 4.76 [4.20–5.45] μg/mL vs. female 6.48 [4.88–6.84] μg/mL p = 0.03). The circulating post-training level of irisin was independently associated with post-training fat-free mass (β −0.34, 95% confidence interval, CI −0.062, −0.006, p = 0.019) in a model adjusted confounders. When female sex was added into the adjusted model, it was retained as the only factor independently associated with irisin levels (β 1.22, 95% CI, 0.50, 1.93, p = 0.002). Conclusions: In obese healthy subjects, circulating irisin levels were reduced in response to 12-weeks of exercise involving either HIIT or MICT. A sex-specific differences in circulating irisin levels at baseline and as biological response to chronic exercise was described. Sex-specific biological response of irisin to exercise should be further explored to tailor sex-specific training approaches for improving the cardiovascular health of obese healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D’Amuri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Francesca Di Vece
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (F.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (F.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.N.); (A.P.)
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9
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Bortolotti D, Simioni C, Neri LM, Rizzo R, Semprini CM, Occhionorelli S, Laface I, Sanz JM, Schiuma G, Rizzo S, Varano G, Beltrami S, Gentili V, Gafà R, Passaro A. Relevance of VEGF and CD147 in different SARS-CoV-2 positive digestive tracts characterized by thrombotic damage. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21969. [PMID: 34822202 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100821rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several evidence suggests that, in addition to the respiratory tract, also the gastrointestinal tract is a main site of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, as an example of a multi-organ vascular damage, likely associated with poor prognosis. To assess mechanisms SARS-CoV-2 responsible of tissue infection and vascular injury, correlating with thrombotic damage, specimens of the digestive tract positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein were analyzed deriving from three patients, negative to naso-oro-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2. These COVID-19-negative patients came to clinical observation due to urgent abdominal surgery that removed different sections of the digestive tract after thrombotic events. Immunohistochemical for the expression of SARS-CoV-2 combined with a panel of SARS-CoV-2 related proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was performed. Tissue samples were also evaluated by electron microscopy for ultrastructural virus localization and cell characterization. The damage of the tissue was assessed by ultrastructural analysis. It has been observed that CD147 expression levels correlate with SARS-CoV-2 infection extent, vascular damage and an increased expression of VEGF and thrombosis. The confirmation of CD147 co-localization with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein binding on gastrointestinal tissues and the reduction of the infection level in intestinal epithelial cells after CD147 neutralization, suggest CD147 as a possible key factor for viral susceptibility of gastrointestinal tissue. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of gastrointestinal tissue might be consequently implicated in abdominal thrombosis, where VEGF might mediate the vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Bortolotti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)-Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)-Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Marina Semprini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Savino Occhionorelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Surgery Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laface
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiuma
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rizzo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Varano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Beltrami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Gentili
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Oncological and Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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10
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D'Amuri A, Sanz JM, Capatti E, Di Vece F, Vaccari F, Lazzer S, Zuliani G, Dalla Nora E, Passaro A. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for weight loss in adults with obesity: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001021. [PMID: 34367654 PMCID: PMC8292807 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity treatment guidelines suggest moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), but the patient's compliance to this indication remains low. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time sparing training mode whose metabolic effects are not clear. This study aimed to determine whether a 12-week HIIT was more effective than MICT for weight loss in obese adults. METHODS 44 obese subjects were randomised and trained with isoenergetic treadmill exercises for 12 weeks: MICT (60% of maximal oxygen peak, VO2peak) or HIIT (3-7 repetition of 3 min 100% of VO2peak interspersed by 1.5 min 50% of VO2peak). The primary outcome was a change in body weight; the secondary outcomes were changes in body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, glycaemia, insulin and VO2peak. RESULTS 32 subjects (53% male, mean age: 38.5 years, mean body mass index: 35.5 kg/m2) completed the trial. MICT and HIIT showed comparable effect within groups in weight loss (-6.0 kg (-9.0 kg to -3.0 kg) vs -5.7 kg (-8.3 kg to -3.1 kg)), changes in fat mass (-2.9% (-4.4% to -1.4%) vs -3.6% (-5.9% to -1.2%)), fat free mass (-5.3% (-7.8% to -2.8%) vs -5.5% (-8.3% to -2.6%)), diastolic blood pressure (-5.5 mm Hg (-10.6 mm Hg to -0.3 mm Hg) vs -5.8 mm Hg (-11.3 mm Hg to -0.3 mm Hg)) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-16.4 mg/dL (-30.8 mg/dL to -2.0 mg/dL) vs -14.7 mg/dL (-25.6 mg/dL to -3.8 mg/dL)). There was a significant change between groups in VO2peak (HIIT: +461.6 mL (329.3‒593.8 mL); MICT: +170.5 mL (86.7-254.4 mL); p<0001) and duration of sessions (HIIT: 35.0 min (31.7 ‒35.6 min); MICT: 46.5 min (40.2‒48.3 min); p<0.001). No significant changes in systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glycaemia or plasma insulin were observed. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adults with obesity, HIIT compared with MICT induced similar weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors improvement but resulted in a larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness over a shorter period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D'Amuri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Vece
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, Italy
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11
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Romagnoli T, Ortolani B, Sanz JM, Trentini A, Seripa D, Nora ED, Capatti E, Cervellati C, Passaro A, Zuliani G, Brombo G. Serum Apo J as a potential marker of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. J Neurol Sci 2021; 427:117537. [PMID: 34147956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is present in both plasma and tissues, including brain. Growing evidence suggest that this protein may play an early role on the development of the two most common forms of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether serum ApoJ levels might be able to predict the progression to AD, VD, or mixed dementia (AD&VD) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Serum ApoJ was measured in 196 MCI subjects (aged ≥60 years) with a median follow up of 2.9 years. RESULTS One hundred thirty-two of the enrolled MCI subjects converted to dementia. Among these, 45% developed AD, 33% mixed dementia, 13% VD (VD), and 9% other forms of dementia. A significant trend toward a progressive reduction in the incidence of dementia, regardless of the type, from tertile I (83.1%), to tertile II (63.1%), to tertile III (56.1%) was observed (p = 0.003). After adjustment for potential confounders, a twofold increase in the risk of conversion to dementia was found in subjects belonging to tertile I of Apo J compared with tertile III; the risk increased after two years of follow up, while no differences emerged within the first 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in MCI subjects, low APOJ levels may be associated with increased risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Romagnoli
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ortolani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Department of ROMAGNA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Department of ROMAGNA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Davide Seripa
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria Brombo
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Rosta V, Trentini A, Passaro A, Zuliani G, Sanz JM, Bosi C, Bonaccorsi G, Bellini T, Cervellati C. Sex Difference Impacts on the Relationship between Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080683. [PMID: 32751395 PMCID: PMC7463677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) and its cardiovascular complications are related to sex. Increasing evidence suggests that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, an antioxidant enzyme bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), is implicated in the onset and clinical progression of T2D. Since we previously showed that PON1 is a sexual dimorphic protein, we now investigated whether sex might impact the relationship between PON1 and this chronic disease. To address this aim, we assessed PON1 activity in the sera of 778 patients, including controls (women, n = 383; men, n = 198) and diabetics (women, n = 79; men = 118). PON1 activity decreased in both women and men with T2D compared with controls (p < 0.05 and p > 0.001, respectively), but the change was 50% larger in the female cohort. In line with this result, the enzyme activity was associated with serum glucose level only in women (r = -0.160, p = 0.002). Notably, only within this gender category, lower PON1 activity was independently associated with increased odds of being diabetic (odds ratio (95% Confidence interval: 2.162 (1.075-5.678)). In conclusion, our study suggests that PON1-deficiency in T2D is a gender-specific phenomenon, with women being more affected than men. This could contribute to the partial loss of female cardiovascular advantage associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosta
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.R.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-532-455322 (A.T.); +39-532-237017 (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-532-455322 (A.T.); +39-532-237017 (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
- Menopause and Osteoporosis Centre, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.R.); (T.B.)
- Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
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13
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Vaccari F, Passaro A, D'Amuri A, Sanz JM, Di Vece F, Capatti E, Magnesa B, Comelli M, Mavelli I, Grassi B, Fiori F, Bravo G, Avancini A, Parpinel M, Lazzer S. Effects of 3-month high-intensity interval training vs. moderate endurance training and 4-month follow-up on fat metabolism, cardiorespiratory function and mitochondrial respiration in obese adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1787-1803. [PMID: 32514607 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate, in obese adults, changes in body composition, physical capacities, fat oxidation and ex vivo mitochondrial respiration induced by a 3-month either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT); afterwards, the patients were followed for four months. METHODS Thirty-two patients (mean age 39 years; mean body mass index [BMI] 36 kg∙m-2) participated in this study attending ~ 34 sessions of training. At baseline (PRE), at the end of the program (POST) and after follow-up, body composition, peak O2 uptake (V'O2peak) and fat oxidation rate were measured. Vastus lateralis biopsies for the evaluation of mitochondrial respiration were performed only at PRE and POST. RESULTS At POST, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased (- 6 and - 14%, respectively, P < 0.05) in MICT and HIIT; V'O2peak increased in both groups (+ 6 and + 16%, respectively, P < 0.05). Maximal fat oxidation rate increased only after HIIT (P < 0.001). Maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration normalized by citrate synthase increased (P < 0.05) by 67% and 36% in MICT and HIIT, respectively, without significant difference. After follow-up, BM and FM were still lower (- 4 and - 20%, respectively, P < 0.050) compared with baseline in both groups. Only after HIIT, V'O2peak (+ 8%) and maximal fat oxidation rate were still higher (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HIIT was more effective in improving and maintaining V'O2peak and fat oxidation. These results may be relevant for an appropriate prescription of training programs designed to optimize aerobic fitness in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vaccari
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Amuri
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Vece
- Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Magnesa
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Fiori
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Bravo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Alice Avancini
- Biomedical, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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14
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Sanz JM, Falzoni S, Morieri ML, Passaro A, Zuliani G, Di Virgilio F. Association of Hypomorphic P2X7 Receptor Genotype With Age. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:8. [PMID: 32116543 PMCID: PMC7029736 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main risk factors for brain diseases is aging. Recent studies have shown that aging is a progressive degenerative process associated with chronic low-level inflammation. The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in inflammation and has been associated with different brain (e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) or other age-related (osteoporosis, arthritis, cancer) diseases. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX7 gene have been identified, including the loss-of-function 1513A>C and 1405A>G SNPs, and the gain-of-function 489C>T and 1068G>A SNPs. We carried out a literature analysis to verify an association between P2RX7 SNPs’ frequency and age. In 34 worldwide eligible studies (11.858 subjects) no correlation between 1513CC genotype frequency and age emerged. On the contrary, analysis of European Caucasian cohorts (7.241 subjects) showed a significant increase in 1513CC frequency with age (P = 0.027). In agreement with these findings, analysis of two publicly available datasets, including USA Caucasian cohorts, unveiled an increased frequency of 1513CC and 489CC genotypes with age (P = 0.0055 and P = 0.0019, respectively). Thus, hypomorphic P2RX7 genotypes may be positively selected with age in European and North American Caucasian populations. We hypothesize that Caucasian individuals bearing an anti-inflammatory P2X7R phenotype and living in high-income countries may have a longer life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Maria Sanz
- Section of Internal and Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Luca Morieri
- Section of Internal and Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Section of Internal and Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Cervellati C, Trentini A, Rosta V, Passaro A, Bosi C, Sanz JM, Bonazzi S, Pacifico S, Seripa D, Valacchi G, Guerini R, Zuliani G. Serum beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) activity as candidate biomarker for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2019; 42:159-167. [PMID: 31745860 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-secretase (BACE1) is a key enzyme in the formation of amyloid-β; its activity/concentration is increased in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Since BACE1 was found also in blood, we evaluated its potential as peripheral biomarker. To this aim, serum BACE1 activity was assessed in 115 subjects with LOAD and 151 controls. We found that BACE1 changed across groups (p < 0.001) with a 25% increase in LOAD versus controls. High levels of BACE1 (IV quartile) were independently associated with the diagnosis of LOAD (OR 2.8; 1.4-5.7). Diagnostic accuracy was 76% for LOAD. Our data suggest that increased BACE1 activity in serum may represent a potential biomarker for LOAD. Additional studies are needed to confirm the usefulness of BACE1, alone or in combination with other markers, in discriminating patients and predicting LOAD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosta
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Bonazzi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Remo Guerini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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16
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Dominguez Rodriguez F, Fernandez Alvira JM, Fernandez Friera L, Lopez-Melgar B, Blanco-Rojo R, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Garcia-Pavia P, Sanz JM, Mendiguren JM, Ibanez B, Bueno H, Fuster V, Lara-Pezzi E, Ordovas JM. P2466Association of actigraphy-measured sleep parameters and subclinical atherosclerotic burden: the PESA study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Dominguez Rodriguez
- University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC). CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Fernandez Friera
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), CIBERCV.HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares HM-CIEC, Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Lopez-Melgar
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares HM-CIEC, Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Fernandez-Ortiz
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), CIBERCV. Universidad Complutense.Cardiovascular Institute, IDSSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Garcia-Pavia
- University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, CIBERCV. Faculty of Health Sciences, University Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Sanz
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute. CNIC (Madrid), New York, United States of America
| | | | - B Ibanez
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), CIBERCV, IIS-Fundaciόn Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Bueno
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre.Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Fuster
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute. Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Lara-Pezzi
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Ordovas
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC,U.S. Dept of Agriculture HNRCA. Tufts University, Boston, US, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Morieri ML, Guardigni V, Sanz JM, Dalla Nora E, Soavi C, Zuliani G, Sighinolfi L, Passaro A. Adipokines levels in HIV infected patients: lipocalin-2 and fatty acid binding protein-4 as possible markers of HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related adipose tissue inflammation. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:10. [PMID: 29304747 PMCID: PMC5756414 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a major problem in HIV infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with circulating levels of two adipokines (Lipocalin-2 and Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4, FABP-4), known to be associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in the general population. Methods We enrolled 40 non-obese HIV-infected patients and 10 healthy controls of similar age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Body composition, metabolic syndrome, lipid profile, 10-years CVD risk score, and adipokines levels were compared between groups. ART-regimen status (naïve, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors – NNRTIs – and protease inhibitors – PIs) association with adipokines levels was tested with linear regression models. Results HIV patients showed a worse metabolic profile than controls. Lipocalin-2 levels were higher in HIV-infected subjects (+53%; p = 0.007), with a significant trend (p = 0.003) for higher levels among subjects taking NNRTIs. Association of lipocalin-2 with fat-mass and BMI was modulated by ART regimens, being positive among subjects treated with NNRTIs and negative among those treated with PIs (“ART-regimens-by-BMI” interaction p = 0.0009). FABP-4 levels were correlated with age, fat mass, BMI, lipid profile and CVD risk (all R ≥ 0.32, p < 0.05), but not influenced by HIV-status (+20%; p = 0.12) or ART-regimen (p = 0.4). Conclusions Our data confirm that HIV-infection is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, as measured by Lipocalin-2 levels, and ART does not attenuate this association. While FABP-4 is a marker of worse metabolic and CVD profile independently of HIV status or ART regimen, lipocalin-2 could represent a useful marker for HIV- and ART-related adipose tissue dysfunction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-017-2925-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Luca Morieri
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.,Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Viola Guardigni
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cecilia Soavi
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.,Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Sighinolfi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, Ferrara, Italy. .,Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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18
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Passaro A, Miselli MA, Sanz JM, Dalla Nora E, Morieri ML, Colonna R, Pišot R, Zuliani G. Gene expression regional differences in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:202. [PMID: 28231762 PMCID: PMC5324328 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is clearly associated with an increased risk of obesity-related diseases and all-cause mortality, whereas gluteal subcutaneous fat accumulation (g-SAT) is associated with a lower risk. The relative contribution, in term of cardiovascular risk, of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (a-SAT) is still controversial with studies showing both a detrimental effect and a protective role. Animal and in vitro studies demonstrated that adipocytes from visceral and subcutaneous depots have distinct morphological, metabolic and functional characteristics. These regional differences have a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. There is recent evidence that differentiation between upper-body and lower-body adipose tissues might be under control of site-specific sets of developmental genes, such as Homebox (HOX) genes, a group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the anterior-posterior axis. However, the possible heterogeneity between different subcutaneous regions has not been extensively investigated. Here we studied global mRNA expression in g-SAT and a-SAT with a microarray approach. RNA was isolated from g-SAT and a-SAT biopsy, from eight healthy subjects, and hybridized on RNA microarray chips in order to detect regional differences in gene expression. RESULTS A total of 131 genes are significantly and differently (>1.5 fold change, p < 0.05) expressed in a-SAT and g-SAT. Expression profiling reveals significant differences in expression of several HOX genes. Interestingly, two molecular signature of visceral adipocyte lineage, homebox genes HOXA5 and NR2F1, are up-regulated in a-SAT versus g-SAT by a 2.5 fold change. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that g-SAT and a-SAT have distinct expression profiles. The finding of a different expression of HOX genes, fundamental during the embryo development, suggests an early regional differentiation of subcutaneous adipose depots. Moreover, the higher expression of HOXA5 and NR2F1, two molecular signatures of visceral adipocytes, in a-SAT suggests that this subcutaneous adipose depot could be more similar to VAT than g-SAT. Our data suggest that we should look at SAT as composed of distinct depots with possibly different impact in obesity associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Passaro
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. .,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and CardioRespiratory, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Maria Agata Miselli
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and CardioRespiratory, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and CardioRespiratory, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and CardioRespiratory, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Luca Morieri
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and CardioRespiratory, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rossella Colonna
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and CardioRespiratory, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Koper, 6000, Slovenia
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and CardioRespiratory, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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19
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Cervellati C, Wood PL, Romani A, Valacchi G, Squerzanti M, Sanz JM, Ortolani B, Zuliani G. Oxidative challenge in Alzheimer's disease: state of knowledge and future needs. J Investig Med 2017; 64:21-32. [PMID: 26755810 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2015-000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A large body of experimental and postmortem findings indicate that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with increased oxidative stress (OxS) levels in the brain. Despite the current limitations of OxS assessment in living subjects, recent data suggest that oxidative challenge might increase early both in the central nervous system and peripheral fluids. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the existing literature linking systemic OxS to brain OxS in AD. We firmly believe that continued research aimed at overcoming the methodological and design issues affecting the body of studies in this field is mandatory for successful development of an effective antioxidant-based treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paul L Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, Math and Science Building, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Arianna Romani
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Monica Squerzanti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Internal and CardioRespiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ortolani
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Internal and CardioRespiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Internal and CardioRespiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Soavi C, Marušič U, Sanz JM, Morieri ML, Dalla Nora E, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Zuliani G, Passaro A. Age-related differences in plasma BDNF levels after prolonged bed rest. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:1118-23. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01111.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the family of neurotrophins and has been implicated in brain resistance to insults. Murine studies have demonstrated increased hippocampal concentration after acute immobilization and decreased concentration after chronic immobilization. In humans, chronic stress and sedentary lifestyle result in decreased plasma BDNF levels, but there no data exist regarding acute immobilization. The aim of our study was to evaluate age-related responses [comparing 7 younger subjects (age 23 ± 3 yr) and 8 older subjects (age 60 ± 4 yr)] of plasma BDNF before (baseline data collection, BDC) and after 14 days (BR14) of horizontal bed rest (BR). At BDC, BDNF levels were not different between the two groups ( P = 0.101), although at BR14, BDNF levels were higher in older subjects (62.02 ± 18.31) than in younger subjects (34.36 ± 15.24 pg/ml) ( P = 0.002). A general linear model for repeated measures showed a significant effect of BR on BDNF ( P = 0.002). The BDC BDNF levels correlated with fat-free mass in both populations (ALL) ( R = 0.628, P = 0.012), (older, R = 0.753, P = 0.031; younger, R = 0.772, P = 0.042), and with total cholesterol in ALL ( R = 0.647, P = 0.009) and older study subjects ( R = 0.805, P = 0.016). At BR14, BDNF correlated with total cholesterol ( R = 0.579, P = 0.024) and age ( R = 0.647, P = 0.009) in ALL. With an increase in age, the brain could become naturally less resistant to acute stressors, including the detrimental effects of prolonged bed rest, and thus the increase in BDNF in the older study group might reflect a protective overshooting of the brain to counteract the negative effects in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Soavi
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Uroš Marušič
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | | | | | - Bostjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
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21
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Franceschini A, Capece M, Chiozzi P, Falzoni S, Sanz JM, Sarti AC, Bonora M, Pinton P, Di Virgilio F. The P2X7 receptor directly interacts with the NLRP3 inflammasome scaffold protein. FASEB J 2015; 29:2450-61. [PMID: 25690658 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a known and powerful activator of the NOD-like receptor (NLR)P3 inflammasome; however, the underlying pathways are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved. The effect of P2X7R expression and activation on NLRP3 expression and recruitment was investigated by Western blot, RT-PCR, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy in microglial mouse cell lines selected for reduced P2X7R expression and in primary cells from P2X7R(-/-) C57BL/6 mice. We show here that P2X7R activation by ATP (EC₅₀ = 1 mM) or benzoyl-ATP (EC₅₀ = 300 μM) and P2X7R down-modulation caused a 2- to 8-fold up-regulation of NLRP3 mRNA in mouse N13 microglial cells. Moreover, NLRP3 mRNA was also up-regulated in primary microglial and macrophage cells from P2X7R(-/-) mice. Confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation assays showed that P2X7R and NLRP3 closely interacted at discrete subplasmalemmal sites. Finally, P2X7R stimulation caused a transient (3-4 min) cytoplasmic Ca(2+) increase localized to small (2-3 µm wide) discrete subplasmalemmal regions. The Ca(2+) increase drove P2X7R recruitment and a 4-fold increase in P2X7R/NLRP3 association within 1-2 min. These data show a close P2X7R and NLRP3 interaction and highlight the role of P2X7R in the localized cytoplasmic ion changes responsible for both NLRP3 recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Franceschini
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marina Capece
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Chiozzi
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- *Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, and Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Cervellati C, Romani A, Bergamini CM, Bosi C, Sanz JM, Passaro A, Zuliani G. PON-1 and ferroxidase activities in older patients with mild cognitive impairment, late onset Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 53:1049-56. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA large body of evidence suggests that not only cerebral but also systemic oxidative stress (OxS) might be involved in the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and vascular dementia (VAD), as well as of the prodromal phase of dementia, the so-called mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In the present study, we evaluated whether paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) and ferroxidase (FeOx) activities, because of their well acknowledged effectiveness as systemic antioxidants, might be associated with dementia and/or MCI.Serum arylesterase and paraoxonase of PON-1, along with FeOx I (ceruloplasmin-related) and II activities were assessed in 223 MCI, 162 LOAD, 65 VAD patients, and in 143 older normal cognitive controls.Among the enzymatic activities examined, only arylesterase significantly changed across the groups (ANOVA: p<0.001), with similar lower levels in MCI, LOAD, and VAD compared to controls. By multivariate logistic regression analysis we showed that, in respect to controls, low levels (under the median value) of serum arylesterase were independently associated with an increase in the likelihood of being affected by LOAD [odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–5.0], VAD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.2), or MCI (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–3.8).Overall, our results suggest that depression of PON-1, and in particular, of arylesterase activity, in serum might be an early feature of dementia-related diseases. Further longitudinal exploration of the role of this enzyme in the onset and progression of these disorders are required.
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Sanz JM, Alcaraz de la Osa R, Barreda AI, Saiz JM, González F, Moreno F. Influence of pollutants in the magneto-dielectric response of silicon nanoparticles. Opt Lett 2014; 39:3142-3144. [PMID: 24875997 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the degree of purity of a silicon nanoparticle on its resonances, either electric or magnetic, is assessed by using Mie theory as well as finite-element simulations. In particular, it is shown that the main effect of the increase of absorption due to the pollutants is observed in the magnetic resonances. Concerning Kerker's conditions for the directionality of the scattering [J. Opt. Soc. Am.73, 765 (1983)], it is found that both are strongly shifted when the material's purity is varied. Resistive losses confirm the quenching of magnetic resonances, showing that the region of influence in the magnetic dipole resonance is much larger than in the electric one, although it has been found that losses are not critical for silicon content over 99.50%.
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Sanz JM, Extremiana C, Saiz JM. Comprehensive polarimetric analysis of Spectralon white reflectance standard in a wide visible range. Appl Opt 2013; 52:6051-62. [PMID: 24085010 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.006051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since polarimetry has extended its use for the study of scattering from surfaces and tissues, Spectralon, a white reflectance standard, is acquiring the role of a polarimetric standard. Both the behavior of Spectralon as a Lambertian surface and its performance as a perfect depolarizer are analyzed in detail. The accuracy of our dynamic polarimeter, together with the polar decomposition to describe the Mueller matrix (MM) depolarizing action, combine to produce a powerful tool for the proper analysis of this scattering surface. Results allowed us to revisit, for confirmation or revision, the role of some MM elements, as described in the bibliography. The conditions under which it can be considered a good Lambertian surface are specified in terms of incidence and scattering angle and verified over a large wavelength range.
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Sanz JM, Chiozzi P, Colaianna M, Zotti M, Ferrari D, Trabace L, Zuliani G, Di Virgilio F. Nimodipine inhibits IL-1β release stimulated by amyloid β from microglia. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 167:1702-11. [PMID: 22831460 PMCID: PMC3525872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is growing evidence that inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neural damage caused by deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain. Nimodipine has received attention as a drug that might improve learning and reduce cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanism of action is poorly known. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that nimodipine inhibited Aβ-stimulated IL-1β release from microglia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cultures of N13 microglia cells or primary mouse microglia were treated with nimodipine, and intracellular accumulation and release of IL-1β in response to Aβ or to the P2 receptor agonists ATP and benzoyl ATP (BzATP) were measured. Accumulation of IL-1β was measured in vivo after intrahippocampal inoculation of Aβ in the absence or presence of nimodipine. The effect of nimodipine on Aβ-triggered cytotoxicity was also investigated. KEY RESULTS We show here that nimodipine dose-dependently inhibited Aβ-stimulated IL-1β synthesis and release from primary microglia and microglia cell lines. Furthermore, nimodipine also inhibited Aβ-induced IL-1βin vivo accumulation at concentrations known to be reached in the CNS. Finally, nimodipine protected microglia from Aβ-dependent cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that alleviation of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease following nimodipine administration might be due to an anti-inflammatory effect and point to a novel role for nimodipine as a centrally acting anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Sanz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| | - P Chiozzi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| | - M Colaianna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - M Zotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - D Ferrari
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| | - L Trabace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - G Zuliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| | - F Di Virgilio
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
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Sanz JM, Saiz JM, González F, Moreno F. Polar decomposition of the Mueller matrix: a polarimetric rule of thumb for square-profile surface structure recognition. Appl Opt 2011; 50:3781-3788. [PMID: 21772359 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.003781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the polar decomposition (PD) method is applied to experimental Mueller matrices (MMs) measured on two-dimensional microstructured surfaces. Polarization information is expressed through a set of parameters of easier physical interpretation. It is shown that evaluating the first derivative of the retardation parameter, δ, a clear indication of the presence of defects either built on or dug in the scattering flat surface (a silicon wafer in our case) can be obtained. Although the rule of thumb thus obtained is established through PD, it can be easily implemented on conventional surface polarimetry. These results constitute an example of the capabilities of the PD approach to MM analysis, and show a direct application in surface characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sanz
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, University de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n. 39005-Santander, Spain.
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Galán B, Dinjaski N, Maestro B, de Eugenio LI, Escapa IF, Sanz JM, García JL, Prieto MA. Nucleoid-associated PhaF phasin drives intracellular location and segregation of polyhydroxyalkanoate granules in Pseudomonas putida KT2442. Mol Microbiol 2010; 79:402-18. [PMID: 21219460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The PhaF is a nucleoid-associated like protein of Pseudomonas putida KT2442 involved in the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) metabolism. Its primary structure shows two modular domains; the N-terminal PHA granule-binding domain (phasin domain) and the C-terminal half containing AAKP-like tandem repeats characteristic of the histone H1 family. Although the PhaF binding to PHA granules and its role as transcriptional regulator have been previously demonstrated, the cell physiology meaning of these properties remains unknown. This work demonstrates that PhaF plays a crucial role in granule localization within the cell. TEM and flow cytometry studies of cells producing granules at early growth stage demonstrated that PhaF directs the PHA granules to the centre of the cells, forming a characteristic needle array. Our studies demonstrated the existence of two markedly different cell populations in the strain lacking PhaF protein, i.e. cells with and without PHA. Complementation studies definitively demonstrated a key role of PhaF in granule segregation during the cell division ensuring the equal distribution of granules between daughter cells. In vitro studies showed that PhaF binds DNA through its C-terminal domain in a non-specific manner. All these findings suggested a main role of PhaF in PHA apparatus through interactions with the segregating chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Galán
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
In this work we report a simple method to fabricate ordered arrays of metal nanotubes. This method is based on the deposition of a metal by PVD onto an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The dimensions of the synthesized nanotubes depend both on the AAO template and on the deposited metal. In fact, it is observed that the aspect ratios of the nanotubes clearly depend significantly on the metal, ranging from 0.6 (Fe) to at least 3 (Zr).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marquez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, C-XII, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Marquez F, Morant C, Sanz JM, Elizalde E. Post-synthesis alignment of chemically modified carbon nanotubes in magnetic fields. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:6127-6131. [PMID: 19908504 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present an improved procedure to prepare carbon nanotubes bundles functionalized with magnetite nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been modified by hydrophobic adsorption of a carboxylic acid derivative and the previously synthesized magnetite nanoparticles have been attached to the acid groups. Electron microscopy studies show a high density of magnetite nanoparticles on the surface of CNTs. These modified carbon nanotubes become magnetic and can be appropriately oriented by using external magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marquez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, C-XII, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Albella P, Saiz JM, Sanz JM, González F, Moreno F. Nanoscopic surface inspection by analyzing the linear polarization degree of the scattered light. Opt Lett 2009; 34:1906-1908. [PMID: 19529743 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.001906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical method for the nanoscopic inspection of surfaces. The method is based on the spectral and polarization analysis of the light scattered by a probe nanoparticle close to the inspected surface. We explore the sensitivity to changes either in the probe-surface distance or in the refractive index of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Albella
- Grupo de Optica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Cantabria, Avda de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain.
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Marquez F, Morant C, Sanz JM, Elizalde E. Attachment of magnetite nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes bundles and their response to magnetic fields. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:3810-3814. [PMID: 19504924 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.ns72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an alternative method to control the alignment of carbon nanotube bundles by applying an external magnetic field on magnetic nanoparticles functionalized nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes have been modified by pi-pi stacking of a carboxylic acid and the previously synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been bounded to the acid groups. Results obtained by TEM, SEM and FESEM show that the magnetite nanoparticles are distributed along the nanotube surfaces, showing a high dispersion and a mean particle size of ca. 4-5 nm. In presence of a magnetic field the modified nanotube bundles have been clearly oriented along the axis parallel to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marquez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, C-XII, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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Morant C, Torres R, Jimenez I, Sanz JM, Elizalde E. Characterization of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:3633-3638. [PMID: 19504894 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.ns42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we perform a comparative study on single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) before and after low energy nitrogen ion bombardment (70 eV and 25 x 10-6 A/cm2) at room temperature. The morphology and the mechanical properties were studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The bonding configuration of the N-doped CNTs was established by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES). Single-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared using non-intrusive methods and deposited onto silicon substrates. For the spectroscopic studies, samples with a high concentration of CNTs were analyzed. XPS reveals different chemical states for carbon related to the incorporation of nitrogen. XANES confirms the hexagonal structure of the CNTs, resembling the bonding structure of hexagonal carbon nitrides. AFM images confirm that the CNTs were not destroyed after low energy N2+. The morphology of the original nanotubes maintains after nitrogen ion bombardment except for the incorporation of some pearl-shaped decoration, probably due to the adsorption of some contaminants or to deposition of re-sputtered material. Whereas CNTs improve their adherence to the substrate, this extra granularity on the CNT is easily removed even with the AFM tip. In conclusion, spectroscopic measurements and mechanical properties made clear information on the changes produced on CNT after nitrogen incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morant
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Castro A, Sanz JM, Ayala I, Ayesa E, Alferes J, Irizar I. AqquaScan: design and implementation of an internet-based service for the remote monitoring and management of decentralised WWTPs. Water Sci Technol 2008; 57:1495-1502. [PMID: 18520004 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and implementation of AqquaScan, an Internet-based service for remote monitoring and integrated management of decentralised WWTPs. AqquaScan is a multi-user and multi-WWTP service. It has been built according to criteria such as flexibility, scalability and interoperability with the idea of providing an open environment suited to quickly accommodate future scenarios (e.g. incorporation of new plants or upgrading of existing installations). Both, the management of plant information and users interfaces have been implemented in distributed software components that communicate with one another via web services. The implemented web services can be exploited to develop customised user interfaces for visualising the monitored data. By default, a customised web-based client module has been programmed in order for users to be able to exploit the facilities offered within AqquaScan: (1) real-time monitoring of on-line signals; (2) visualisation of historical data; (3) changing operational parameters; (4) notification of time-event information; and (5) storage of measurements from laboratory analysis. At present, AqquaScan is fully operative and is offering supervision services to eleven industrial WWTPs distributed around Northern Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castro
- CEIT and TECNUN (University of Navarra), P de Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
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Cistué L, Soriano M, Castillo AM, Vallés MP, Sanz JM, Echávarri B. Production of doubled haploids in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) through isolated microspore culture. Plant Cell Rep 2006; 25:257-64. [PMID: 16220343 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 07/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to produce doubled haploid plants from durum wheat through the induction of androgenesis. A microspore culture technique was developed and used to produce fertile doubled haploid plants of agronomic interest. Five cultivars, one selected line, plus a collection of 20 F(1) crosses between different genotypes of high breeding value were used. Studies on several factors such as pre-treatments and media components were carried out in order to develop a protocol to regenerate green haploid plantlets. Anthers were pre-treated in 0.7 M mannitol. Microspores, from anther maceration, were plated on a C(17) induction culture medium with ovary co-culture. The optimum regeneration medium J25-8 was used. From 35 microspore isolations, 407 green plantlets were obtained. With this technique mature embryos were obtained. Green plants were regenerated from all genotypes used and approximately 67% of them were spontaneously doubled haploids. Some haploids and a very few polyploids plants were obtained. From the 407 plants, 275 were completely fertile and gave enough seeds to be assayed in the field. This protocol could be used complementary to or instead of the intergeneric crossing with maize as an economically feasible method to obtain doubled haploids from most durum wheat genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cistué
- Departamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Gonzalo-Ruiz A, Pérez JL, Sanz JM, Geula C, Arévalo J. Effects of lipids and aging on the neurotoxicity and neuronal loss caused by intracerebral injections of the amyloid-β peptide in the rat. Exp Neurol 2006; 197:41-55. [PMID: 16045911 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The influence of diet and age on the area of lesion and on the neuronal density in the cerebral cortex was studied in rats following local injections of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta1-40) in PBS vehicle into the left frontal and cingulate cortices and compared with effects of injections of PBS alone into the corresponding regions of the right hemisphere The experiments were carried out in two groups of animals: one group of young adult rats and a second group of aged rats. Each group of animals, depending on the diet received, was divided into high-cholesterol, high-fat, and a control group. In order to evaluate the interaction of Abeta/PBS-cholesterol and of Abeta/PBS-fat, animals without dietary manipulation receiving Abeta and PBS injection were used as controls. The results showed that the greatest area of lesion was at Abeta injection sites in the high-cholesterol fed group of aged animals. The results also revealed a significant variance in the neuronal density by group and by injection type. Thus, high-cholesterol fed animals showed a greater reduction in neuronal density at Abeta and PBS-injected sites than that seen in the high-fat or control groups. The results also indicate that the loss of neurons at the Abeta injection site exceeds that seen in the PBS-injected area. The greatest reduction in the neuronal density was found at Abeta-injected site in the high-cholesterol fed group of aged animals. In conclusion, our findings indicate an interaction between lipids, age, and Abeta neurotoxicity, and might provide insights into the basic mechanisms involved in a short-term (acute-to-subchronic) response to Abeta peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalo-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla and León, Valladolid University, Nicolas Rabal Street, 17, 42003-Soria, Spain.
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Blanco Carrera C, Peláez Torres N, García-Díaz JD, Maqueda Villaizan E, Sanz JM, Alvarez Hernández J. Estudio epidemiológico y clinicopatológico del cáncer de tiroides en la zona este de Madrid. Rev Clin Esp 2005; 205:307-10. [PMID: 16029755 DOI: 10.1157/13077115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the incidence, clinical and histopathological manifestations, surgical complications, and prognostic factors of thyroid cancer in the east Madrid population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 141 consecutive diagnosed of thyroid cancer in our area between 1985 and 2001. Median follow-up was 4,5 years. RESULTS The annual incidence rate was 4.74/100,000 inhabitants and the female:male proportion 3.5:1. The average age of patients at diagnosis was 44.5 years and nodular goiter was the principal type of clinical presentation (74.5%). The most frequent histological variant was papillary thyroid carcinoma (69%). Total thyroidectomy was carried out in 86% patients. 9.6% patients suffered permanent hypoparathyroidism and 3.3% paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Radioactive iodine ablation of remaining thyroid was carried out in 91 patients. Residual disease or local recurrence was observed on follow-up in 21% of patients, and metastasis at a distant site in 9%. 7.9% died along follow-up. The principal prognostic factors for metastasis or death were age, histological type, tumor size, local invasion and existence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of thyroid cancer in our population was high, especially in women. Although the proportion of postsurgical complications was elevated, global prognosis is good and some factors related to it have been identified. Increase of thyroglobulin plasma level at follow-up is a good recurrence indicator of the disease, especially with regard to distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blanco Carrera
- Sección de Endocrinología. Hospital Príncipe de Asturias. Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
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Gonzalo-Ruiz A, Sanz JM, Arévalo J, Geula C, Gonzalo P. Amyloid beta peptide-induced cholinergic fibres loss in the cerebral cortex of the rat is modified by diet high in lipids and by age. J Chem Neuroanat 2005; 29:31-48. [PMID: 15589700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of diet and age on the effects of intracerebral injection of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta1-40) in vehicle phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and on the effects of vehicle alone on cholinergic fibres of the cerebral cortex was studied in rats. The experiments were carried in two groups of animals: one group of young adult rats and a second group of aged rats. Each group of animals, depending on the diet received, was divided into high-cholesterol, high-fat, and a control diet group. In order to evaluate the interaction of Abeta/PBS-cholesterol and of Abeta/PBS-fat, animals without dietary manipulation receiving Abeta and PBS injection were used as controls. High-cholesterol fed animals showed a statistically significant reduction of 49.62% in the number of cholinergic fibres at the Abeta injection site as compared with that at PBS injection site, while the high-fat and control animals showed a significant reduction of 28.13 and 26.81%, respectively. In all diet groups, the loss of cholinergic fibres caused by Abeta as compared to that caused by PBS injection was significantly greater in aged rats in comparison with that observed in the young animals. Furthermore, the results of a multivariate linear regression model revealed that the greatest reduction in cholinergic fibres was in the high-cholesterol fed animals (35 fibres/mm) as compared with that seen in the high-fat and control animals. A significantly greater reduction was also observed at Abeta injection site (28 fibres/mm) as compared with that caused by PBS injection, and a reduction of 16 cholinergic fibres per mm was found in aged animals as compared to that seen in young adult rats. These results show that high-cholesterol diet enhances the toxicity of Abeta peptide and that this is also age-dependent. Therefore, this study increases the evidences of the role of cholesterol in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalo-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla and León, Valladolid University, C/Nicolas Rabal Street, 17, 42003 Soria, Spain.
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Spirlì C, Nathanson MH, Fiorotto R, Duner E, Denson LA, Sanz JM, Di Virgilio F, Okolicsanyi L, Casagrande F, Strazzabosco M. Proinflammatory cytokines inhibit secretion in rat bile duct epithelium. Gastroenterology 2001; 121:156-69. [PMID: 11438505 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholestatic disorders often are associated with portal inflammation, but whether or how inflammation contributes to cholestasis is unknown. Thus we studied the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on bile duct epithelia secretory mechanisms. METHODS Isolated bile duct units (IBDUs) were cultured with interleukin (IL)-6, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-1 alone or in combination. Ductular secretion was measured using video-optical planimetry. Bicarbonate and Cl(-) transport were assessed microfluorimetric measuring pH(i) (BCECF) and [Cl(-)](i) transients (MEQ). Expression of Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger (AE-2), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and the secretin receptor (SR) were assessed by ribonuclease protection assay. Cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were studied by enzymatic immunoassay. Paracellular permeability was assessed using fluorescein-labeled dextrans (FD) in cholangiocyte monolayers (NRC-1). RESULTS Although not effective when given alone, each combination of IL-6, interferon gamma, IL-1, and TNF-alpha inhibited secretion in IBDU. Cytokines inhibited cAMP formation, AE-2 activity, and cyclic AMP-dependent Cl(-) efflux, but not that induced by purinergic agonists. AE-2 gene expression was unaffected by proinflammatory cytokines, whereas CFTR and SR expression was increased. In addition, paracellular transit of FD across NRC-1 monolayers was increased. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory cytokines inhibit cAMP-dependent fluid secretion in cholangiocytes and impair the barrier functions of biliary epithelia. These changes may represent the molecular mechanisms by which inflammation leads to ductular cholestasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Spirlì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica I, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Wang B, Gonzalo-Ruiz A, Sanz JM, Campbell G, Lieberman AR. Glutamatergic components of the retrosplenial granular cortex in the rat. J Neurocytol 2001; 30:427-41. [PMID: 11951053 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015069727171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructural characteristics, distribution and synaptic relationships of identified, glutamate-enriched thalamocortical axon terminals and cell bodies in the retrosplenial granular cortex of adult rats is described and compared with GABA-containing terminals and cell bodies, using postembedding immunogold immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy in animals with injections of cholera toxin- horseradish peroxidase (CT-HRP) into the anterior thalamic nuclei. Anterogradely labelled terminals, identified by semi-crystalline deposits of HRP reaction product, were approximately 1 microm in diameter, contained round, clear synaptic vesicles, and established asymmetric (Gray type I) synaptic contacts with dendritic spines and small dendrites, some containing HRP reaction product, identifying them as dendrites of corticothalamic projection neurons. The highest densities of immunogold particles following glutamate immunostaining were found over such axon terminals and over similar axon terminals devoid of HRP reaction product. In serial sections immunoreacted for GABA, these axon terminals were unlabelled, whereas other axon terminals, establishing symmetric (Gray type II) synapses were heavily labelled. Cell bodies of putative pyramidal neurons, containing retrograde HRP label, were numerous in layers V-VI; some were also present in layers I-III. Most were overlain by high densities of gold particles in glutamate but not in GABA immunoreacted sections. These findings provide evidence that the terminals of projection neurons make synaptic contact with dendrites and dendritic spines in the ipsilateral retrosplenial granular cortex and that their targets include the dendrites of presumptive glutamatergic corticothalamic projection neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Bermejo F, Boixeda D, Gisbert JP, Sanz JM, Defarges V, Alvarez Calatayud G, Moreno L, Martín de Argila C. [Basal concentrations of gastrin and pepsinogen I and II in gastric ulcer: influence of Helicobacter pylori infection and usefulness in the control of the eradication]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 24:56-62. [PMID: 11247290 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(01)78986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the influence of Helicobacter pylori eradication on basal gastrin and pepsinogen I and II levels in patients with gastric ulcer over a 1-year follow-up period, and to assess the usefulness of these values in confirming H. pylori eradication after treatment. METHODS Fifty-six patients with gastric ulcer and H. pylori infection were prospectively studied. At the beginning of the study, endoscopy with biopsies for histologic examination and urease testing was carried out, as were 13C-urea breath test and blood samples for determination of gastrin and pepsinogen I and II values by radioimmunoassay and serology. Histologic study, 13C-urea breath test and laboratory determinations were repeated at months 1, 6 and 12 after completion of eradication treatment. RESULTS H. pylori infection was eradicated in 82.1% of patients. In patients with successful H. pylori eradication, the initial mean gastrin value was 75.5 +/- 39.1 pg/ml, while at 1 month after treatment this value decreased to 49.2 +/- 21 pg/ml (p < 0.0001). No further reductions were noted. Initial pepsinogen I and II values were 104 +/- 58 and 15.8 +/- 10 ng/ml, respectively, whereas at month 1 after treatment these values were 77 +/- 42 and 7.3 +/- 4 ng/ml, respectively (p < 0.0001) and were 72 +/- 41 and 6.7 +/- 3 ng/ml respectively at month 6 (p < 0.01); no further variations were observed thereafter. The area under the ROC curve which reveals eradication through reductions in hormonal values was 0.70 for gastrin, 0.78 for pepsinogen I, 0.93 for pepsinogen II and 0.92 for the pepsinogen I/II ratio. At months 6 and 12 after treatment completion, differences in mean gastrin and pepsinogen I and II values between the patients with normal histologic findings and those with chronic gastritis were significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS a) H. pylori eradication is associated with an early fall in basal gastrin values and a progressive decrease in basal pepsinogen I and II values. b) In patients with gastric ulcer, determination of the decrease in basal pepsinogen II levels is a useful and early non-invasive method for confirming eradication. c) Determination of gastrin and pepsinogen I and II values may be useful for assessing improvement in gastritis 6 months after treatment completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bermejo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal Madrid.
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Di Virgilio F, Chiozzi P, Ferrari D, Falzoni S, Sanz JM, Morelli A, Torboli M, Bolognesi G, Baricordi OR. Nucleotide receptors: an emerging family of regulatory molecules in blood cells. Blood 2001; 97:587-600. [PMID: 11157473 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.3.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides are emerging as an ubiquitous family of extracellular signaling molecules. It has been known for many years that adenosine diphosphate is a potent platelet aggregating factor, but it is now clear that virtually every circulating cell is responsive to nucleotides. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These effects are mediated through a specific class of plasma membrane receptors called purinergic P2 receptors that, according to the molecular structure, are further subdivided into 2 subfamilies: P2Y and P2X. ATP and possibly other nucleotides are released from damaged cells or secreted via nonlytic mechanisms. Thus, during inflammation or vascular damage, nucleotides may provide an important mechanism involved in the activation of leukocytes and platelets. However, the cell physiology of these receptors is still at its dawn, and the precise function of the multiple P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes remains to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Di Virgilio
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology and Medical Genetics, and Center of Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Castillo AM, Cistué L, Vallés MP, Sanz JM, Romagosa I, Molina-Cano JL. Efficient production of androgenic doubled-haploid mutants in barley by the application of sodium azide to anther and microspore cultures. Plant Cell Rep 2001; 20:105-111. [PMID: 30759895 DOI: 10.1007/s002990000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for an efficient production of agronomical and/or physiological mutants from model (cvs. Igri and Cobra) and low-androgenic-responding (cv. Volga) cultivars of barley through the application of a mutagenic agent, sodium azide, to anthers and isolated microspores cultured in vitro. This technology offers the possibilities of screening for recessive mutants in the first generation, selecting for novel genotypes from very large haploid populations, avoiding chimerism and rapidly fixing selected genotypes as fertile true breeding lines. The mutagenic treatment, 10-3-10-5 M sodium azide, was applied during the anther induction pre-treatment or immediately after the microspore isolation procedure. Out of 616 M2 doubled-haploid lines characterised under field conditions, a total of 63 morphological and developmental independent mutant lines were identified. The percentage of M2 doubled-haploid lines carrying mutations per line analysed was 3.8% when 10-4 M sodium azide was applied to anthers from the low-responding cv. Volga; this increased to 8.6% and 15.6% when 10-5 and 10-4 M sodium azide were applied to freshly isolated microspores from model cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Castillo
- Departamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Apartado 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain e-mail: , , , , , , ES
| | - L Cistué
- Departamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Apartado 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain e-mail: , , , , , , ES
| | - M P Vallés
- Departamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Apartado 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain e-mail: , , , , , , ES
| | - J M Sanz
- Departamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Apartado 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain e-mail: , , , , , , ES
| | - I Romagosa
- Universitat de Lleida-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Av. Rovira Roure 177, 25196 Lleida, Spain, , , , , , ES
| | - J L Molina-Cano
- Universitat de Lleida-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Av. Rovira Roure 177, 25196 Lleida, Spain, , , , , , ES
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Bermejo F, Boixeda D, Gisbert JP, Sanz JM, Cantón R, Defarges V, Martín-de-Argila C. Concordance between noninvasive tests in detecting Helicobacter pylori and potential use of serology for monitoring eradication in gastric ulcer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2000; 31:137-41. [PMID: 10993429 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200009000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine concordance between 13C-urea breath test and serology in detecting Helicobacter pylori and to study their potential use for monitoring eradication in patients with gastric ulcer. We prospectively studied 73 gastric ulcer patients. On endoscopy, biopsies were taken for hematoxylineosin staining and rapid urease testing. Blood samples were drawn for immunoglobulin G antibody determination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A 13C-urea breath test was performed as well. Histology, serology, and urea breath tests were all repeated 1, 6, and 12 months after therapy completion in 56 infected patients. A proportion of positive agreement between serology and breath test results as high as 0.95 was found. McNemar statistic was 3 (p = 0.08), whereas kappa statistic was 0.83 (p < 0.0001). At month 6, significant differences in patients successfully treated relative to baseline serologic values were observed (chi2 = 11.7; p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for diagnostic efficiency was 0.76, sensitivity was 74%, and specificity was 90% (for H. pylori eradication) when the fall of at least one category in serologic levels was considered as cut-off point. No further decreases in serologic levels were noted over the next 6 months, and 48.8% of patients remained seropositive 1 year after completion of successful treatment. A high concordance between serology and 13C-urea breath test results is observed when the two procedures are used for H. pylori infection diagnosis in patients with gastric ulcer. Also, serology can be successfully used for monitoring H. pylori eradication 6 months after therapy completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bermejo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Zurdo J, González C, Sanz JM, Rico M, Remacha M, Ballesta JP. Structural differences between Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal stalk proteins P1 and P2 support their functional diversity. Biochemistry 2000; 39:8935-43. [PMID: 10913306 DOI: 10.1021/bi000363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic acidic P1 and P2 proteins modulate the activity of the ribosomal stalk but playing distinct roles. The aim of this work was to analyze the structural features that are behind their different function. A structural characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisaie P1 alpha and P2 beta proteins was performed by circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermal denaturation, and protease sensitivity. The results confirm the low structure present in both proteins but reveal clear differences between them. P1 alpha shows a virtually unordered secondary structure with a residual helical content that disappears below 30 degrees C and a clear tendency to acquire secondary structure at low pH and in the presence of trifluoroethanol. In agreement with this higher disorder P1 alpha has a fully solvent-accessible tryptophan residue and, in contrast to P2 beta, is highly sensitive to protease degradation. An interaction between both proteins was observed, which induces an increase in the global secondary structure content of both proteins. Moreover, mixing of both proteins causes a shift of the P1 alpha tryptophan 40 signal, pointing to an involvement of this region in the interaction. This evidence directly proves an interaction between P1 alpha and P2 beta before ribosome binding and suggests a functional complementation between them. On a whole, the results provide structural support for the different functional roles played by the proteins of the two groups showing, at the same time, that relatively small structural differences between the two stalk acidic protein types can result in significant functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zurdo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC and UAM), Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Bermejo F, Boixeda D, Gisbert JP, Defarges V, Martín de Argila C, Sanz JM, García Plaza A. [Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the recurrence of gastric ulcer during a 12-month follow up]. Med Clin (Barc) 2000; 115:201-4. [PMID: 11002456 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(00)71509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the influence of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the incidence of ulcer recurrence during 12 months of follow-up in gastric ulcer patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD Seventy-three patients with gastric ulcer were prospectively studied. At endoscopy two biopsies from both antrum and body for haematoxylin-eosin staining and one for rapid urease test were obtained. Likewise, serology and 13C-urea breath test were carried out. Fifty-six H. pylori infected patients were monitored after giving an eradication therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. A first control endoscopy was performed immediately after completing treatment to confirm ulcer healing. A second control endoscopy (with histologic study) and a breath test were performed one month after completing therapy (eradication was defined as the absence of H. pylori by both methods). Finally, an endoscopy was repeated at 6 and 12 months to study ulcer recurrences. RESULTS Mean age was 54 +/- 13 years (69% males). Cumulative ulcer recurrence rate for 12 months, respectively for patients with eradication success and failure, was 2.3% (95% CI, 0-12%) and 70% (34-93%) (chi 2: 23.9; p < 0.0001). Comparison between Kaplan-Meier curves for ulcer recurrence depending on H. pylori eradication showed significant differences (log-rank test; chi 2: 33.8; p < 0.0001). A patient successfully treated underwent ulcer recurrence while receiving treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, without recurrence of the infection. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori eradication is associated with a dramatic reduction on the recurrence of gastric ulcer, with a cumulative recurrence rate during 12 months of only 2.3%, which suggests that definitive cure of gastric ulcer disease is possible by means of microorganism eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bermejo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid.
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Bermejo F, Boixeda D, Gisbert JP, Sanz JM, Defarges V, Alvarez Calatayud G, Martín de Argila C. [Gastric mucosa lesions in gastric ulcer disease. Initial study and 1-year follow-up after Helicobacter pylori eradication]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 23:269-74. [PMID: 15324621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study histologic gastric mucosa lesions in patients with gastric ulcer disease and to assess their evolution in the year after Helicobacter pylori eradication. METHODS Seventy-three patients with gastric ulcer were prospectively studied. On endoscopy, biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum and gastric body for hematoxylin and eosin staining and urease testing. Serology and 13C-urea breath test were carried out. Fifty-six patients treated for H. pylori infection were monitored with histologic study at months 1, 6 and 12 after therapy to eradicate H. pylori infection. RESULTS In patients with gastric ulcer, the prevalence of H. pylori was 86.3% (95% CI: 76-92%). Similar percentages in patients with chronic gastritis (CG) and in those with active chronic gastritis (ACG) were noted in the antrum and gastric body. However, severe active chronic gastritis was more prevalent in the antrum (p < 0.01). In patients with H. pylori infection who were not treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the percentages of both CG and ACG were higher than those observed in patients with both risk factors (p < 0.01) and in those treated with NSAIDs and with no infection (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of glandular atrophy (17.8%; 11-28%) and of intestinal metaplasia (68.5%; 57-78%) was higher in the antrum than in the gastric body (4.1%; 1-11% and 16.4%; 10-26%, respectively) (p < 0.01). In the antrum of patients with successful treatment, the percentages of CG:ACG before treatment and 1, 6, and 12 months after treatment completion were: 100%:97%, 74%:14%, 44%:11% and 11%:2%, respectively. In the gastric body these rates were: 88%:86%, 51%:14%, 23%:4% and 4%:0%. Improvement of CG was observed at month 1 after treatment completion, which was then confirmed at months 6 and 12 (p < 0.01) whereas improvement of ACG was most often achieved at month 1 after treatment completion (p > 0.001). No changes in atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were observed after H. pylori eradication. CONCLUSIONS Histologic gastritis associated with gastric ulcer disease involves both the antrum and gastric body, although prevalence of severe ACG, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were higher in the antrum. Histologic gastritis were closely related to H. pylori infection but is unrelated to NSAIDs. H. pylori eradication results in progressive CG improvement over the first year, as well as in early ACG improvement (as soon as 1 month after treatment completion); however, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia remain unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bermejo
- Servicios de Gastroenterología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid.
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Lozano RM, Pineda-Lucena A, Gonzalez C, Angeles Jiménez M, Cuevas P, Redondo-Horcajo M, Sanz JM, Rico M, Giménez-Gallego G. 1H NMR structural characterization of a nonmitogenic, vasodilatory, ischemia-protector and neuromodulatory acidic fibroblast growth factor. Biochemistry 2000; 39:4982-93. [PMID: 10819962 DOI: 10.1021/bi992544n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A shortened genetically engineered form of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), that includes amino acids 28-154 of the full-length sequence (154 residues) plus Met in substitution of Leu27, does not induce cell division even though it is recognized by the cell membrane receptor, triggers the early mitogenic events, and retains the neuromodulatory, vasoactive, and cardio- and neuroprotective properties of the native full-length molecule. Taken together, these properties make this truncated aFGF a promising compound in the treatment of a wide assortment of neurological and cardiovascular pathologies where aFGF mitogenic activity is dispensable. Differences in biological activities between the shortened aFGF and the wild-type form have been attributed to lack of stability, and to the specific amino acid sequence missing at the N-terminus. Here we show that this shortened aFGF form has a three-dimensional structure even more stable than the wild-type protein at the mitogenic assay conditions; that this structure is similar to that of the wild type except at site 1 of interaction with the cell membrane receptor; that its lack of mitogenic activity cannot be attributed to the specific missing sequence; and that the vasodilatory activity of aFGF seems impaired by alterations of the three-dimensional structure of site 2 of interaction with the cell membrane receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lozano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Velázquez 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Endotoxin-dependent release of IL-1 beta from mouse microglial cells is a very inefficient process, as it is slow and leads to accumulation of a modest amount of extracellular cytokine. Furthermore, secreted IL-1 beta is mostly in the procytokine unprocessed form. Addition of extracellular ATP to LPS-primed microglia caused a burst of release of a large amount of processed IL-1 beta. ATP had no effect on the accumulation of intracellular pro-IL-1 beta in the absence of LPS. In LPS-treated cells, ATP slightly increased the synthesis of pro-IL-1 beta. Optimal ATP concentration for IL-1 beta secretion was between 3 and 5 mM, but significant release could be observed at concentrations as low as 1 mM. At all ATP concentrations IL-1 beta release could be inhibited by increasing the extracellular K+ concentration. ATP-dependent IL-1 beta release was also inhibited by 90 and 60% by the caspase inhibitors YVAD and DEVD, respectively. Accordingly, in ATP-stimulated microglia, the p20 proteolytic fragment derived from activation of the IL-1-beta-converting enzyme could be detected by immunoblot analysis. These experiments show that in mouse microglial cells extracellular ATP triggers fast maturation and release of intracellularly accumulated IL-beta by activating the IL-1-beta-converting enzyme/caspase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sanz
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, and Center of Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- F Di Virgilio
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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Abstract
We have investigated the role of the purinergic P2X7 receptor in the formation of multinucleated giant cells in human monocyte/macrophage cultures stimulated with either concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. Macrophage fusion can be blocked by a P2X7-selective pharmacological antagonist or by a mAb directed against the extracellular P2X7 domain. Furthermore, macrophage cell clones expressing high P2X7 levels spontaneously fuse in culture, whereas macrophage clones lacking P2X7 are unable to fuse. Our findings suggest that the newly identified purinergic P2X7 receptor plays a central role in the complex chain of events leading to generation of macrophage-derived giant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Di Virgilio
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, and Center of Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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