1
|
Wang CL, Skeie JM, Allamargot C, Goldstein AS, Nishimura DY, Huffman JM, Aldrich BT, Schmidt GA, Teixeira LBC, Kuehn MH, Yorek M, Greiner MA. Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Recapitulates Human Disease in the Anterior Segment of the Eye. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00073-7. [PMID: 38403162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the anterior segment of the eye due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not well-characterized, in part due to the lack of a reliable animal model. This study evaluates changes in the anterior segment, including crystalline lens health, corneal endothelial cell density, aqueous humor metabolites, and ciliary body vasculature, in a rat model of T2DM compared with human eyes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (45% fat) or normal diet, and rats fed the high-fat diet were injected with streptozotocin i.p. to generate a model of T2DM. Cataract formation and corneal endothelial cell density were assessed using microscopic analysis. Diabetes-related rat aqueous humor alterations were assessed using metabolomics screening. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess qualitative ultrastructural changes ciliary process microvessels at the site of aqueous formation in the eyes of diabetic rats and humans. Eyes from the diabetic rats demonstrated cataracts, lower corneal endothelial cell densities, altered aqueous metabolites, and ciliary body ultrastructural changes, including vascular endothelial cell activation, pericyte degeneration, perivascular edema, and basement membrane reduplication. These findings recapitulated diabetic changes in human eyes. These results support the use of this model for studying ocular manifestations of T2DM and support a hypothesis postulating blood-aqueous barrier breakdown and vascular leakage at the ciliary body as a mechanism for diabetic anterior segment pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa
| | - Chantal Allamargot
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Office of the Vice President for Research, Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrew S Goldstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa
| | - Darryl Y Nishimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa
| | - James M Huffman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Benjamin T Aldrich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa
| | - Gregory A Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark Yorek
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark A Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Charoensuksai P, Arunprasert K, Saenkham A, Opanasopit P, Suksamrarn S, Wongprayoon P. Gamma-mangostin Protects S16Y Schwann Cells Against tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-induced Apoptotic Cell Death. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3400-3407. [PMID: 38053351 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128270941231124102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication that affects individuals with diabetes. Its development involves an excessive presence of oxidative stress, which leads to cellular damage in various tissues. Schwann cells, which are vital for peripheral nerve conduction, are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage, resulting in cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gamma-mangostin (γ-mangostin), a xanthone derived from Garcinia mangostana, possesses cytoprotective properties in various pathological conditions. In this study, we employed S16Y cells as a representative Schwann cell model to investigate the protective effects of γ-mangostin against the toxicity induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). Different concentrations of γ-mangostin and tBHP were used to determine non-toxic doses of γ-mangostin and toxic doses of tBHP for subsequent experiments. MTT cell viability assays, cell flow cytometry, and western blot analysis were used for evaluating the protective effects of γ-mangostin. RESULTS The results indicated that tBHP (50 μM) significantly reduced S16Y cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death by upregulating cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP protein levels and reducing the Bcl- XL/Bax ratio. Notably, pretreatment with γ-mangostin (2.5 μM) significantly mitigated the decrease in cell viability caused by tBHP treatment. Furthermore, γ-mangostin effectively reduced cellular apoptosis induced by tBHP. Lastly, γ-mangostin significantly reverted tBHP-mediated caspase-3 and PARP cleavage and increased the Bcl-XL/Bax ratio. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings highlight the ability of γ-mangostin to protect Schwann cells from apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purin Charoensuksai
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Kwanputtha Arunprasert
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Audchara Saenkham
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Sunit Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawaris Wongprayoon
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
John OD, Mushunje AT, Surugau N, Guad RM. The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of α‑mangostin in cardiometabolic disorders (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:120. [PMID: 35904170 PMCID: PMC9354700 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
α-mangostin is a xanthone predominantly encountered in Garcinia mangostana. Extensive research has been carried out concerning the effects of this compound on various diseases, including obesity, cancer and metabolic disorders. The present review suggests that α-mangostin exerts promising anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on various pathways in cardiometabolic diseases. The anti-obesity effects of α-mangostin include the reduction of body weight and adipose tissue size, the increase in fatty acid oxidation, the activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and Sirtuin-1, and the reduction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. Hepatoprotective effects have been revealed, due to reduced fibrosis through transforming growth factor-β 1 pathways, reduced apoptosis and steatosis through reduced sterol regulatory-element binding proteins expression. The antidiabetic effects include decreased fasting blood glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity and the increased expression of GLUT transporters in various tissues. Cardioprotection is exhibited through the restoration of cardiac functions and structure, improved mitochondrial functions, the promotion of M2 macrophage populations, reduced endothelial and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, and reduced acid sphingomyelinase activity and ceramide depositions. The antioxidant effects of α-mangostin are mainly related to the modulation of antioxidant enzymes, the reduction of oxidative stress markers, the reduction of oxidative damage through a reduction in Sirtuin 3 expression mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α signaling pathways, and to the increase in Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression levels. The anti-inflammatory effects of α-mangostin include its modulation of nuclear factor-κB related pathways, the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, increased macrophage polarization to M2, reduced inflammasome occurrence, increased Sirtuin 1 and 3 expression, the reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, the reduced expression of Toll-like receptors and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels. These effects demonstrate that α-mangostin may possess the properties required for a suitable candidate compound for the management of cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dean John
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Annals Tatenda Mushunje
- Faculty of Science, Asia‑Pacific International University, Muak Lek, Saraburi 18180, Thailand
| | - Noumie Surugau
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nature against Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review on Antiangiogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4708527. [PMID: 35310030 PMCID: PMC8926515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4708527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia, and hypertension can result in diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a major cause of blindness on a global scale. Development of DR is associated with decreased endothelial cells, increased basal membrane thickness, permeation of the retinal blood barrier, and neovascularization in patients. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the findings regarding applications of phytochemicals for DR treatment and could be a beneficial resource for further clinical studies and also a basis for pharmaceutical purposes for drug design. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was performed from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to analyze the effects of different phytochemicals to prevent or treat oxidation, angiogenesis, and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. The inclusion criteria were original studies, which included the effects of different phytochemicals on diabetic retinopathy. The exclusion criteria included studies other than original articles, studies which assessed the effects of phytochemicals on nondiabetic retinopathy, and studies which used phytochemical-rich extracts. Results and Conclusions. Studies have shown that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic, and oxidative stress factors are involved in the progression and pathogenesis of DR. Therefore, phytochemicals with their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant properties can prevent DR progression and retinal damage through various cellular mechanisms. It is also shown that some phytochemicals can simultaneously affect the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis in DR.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ardakanian A, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Omidkhoda F, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Effect of alpha-mangostin on olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:198-207. [PMID: 35655598 PMCID: PMC9124543 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.58734.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives As olanzapine has side effects such as weight gain and metabolic disorders, and alpha-mangostin has been shown to control metabolic disorders, the effects of alpha-mangostin on metabolic disorders induced by olanzapine were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods Obesity was induced in female Wistar rats by daily administration of olanzapine (5 mg/kg/day, IP, 14 days). Rats were divided into 6 groups:1) vehicle (control); 2) olanzapine (5 mg/kg/day); 3,4,5) olanzapine+ alpha-mangostin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg/day, IP); 6) alpha-mangostin (40 mg/kg/day). Weight changes were measured every 3 days and food intake was assessed every day. Systolic blood pressure, plasma levels of blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, leptin, oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH), AMPK, and P-AMPK protein levels in liver tissue were assessed on the last day of the study. Results Administration of olanzapine significantly increased weight gain, food intake, blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL, blood sugar, leptin, and MDA in rat liver tissue and also decreased GSH, AMPK, and P-AMPK in liver tissue compared with the control group. Different doses of alpha-mangostin significantly reduced weight gain, food intake, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL, blood sugar, leptin, and MDA. Also, they significantly increased GSH, AMPK, and P-AMPK in liver tissue compared with the olanzapine group. Conclusion Olanzapine increases leptin levels, food intake, and weight, induces oxidative stress, decreases the levels of AMPK and P-AMPK proteins in liver tissue, and causes metabolic disorders. But, alpha-mangostin reduces the negative effects of olanzapine by activation of AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ardakanian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Omidkhoda
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding authors: Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98-51-31801193; Fax: +98-51-38823251; ; Bibi Marjan Razavi. Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-31801194; Fax: +98-51-38823251;
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding authors: Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98-51-31801193; Fax: +98-51-38823251; ; Bibi Marjan Razavi. Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-31801194; Fax: +98-51-38823251;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Usman F, Shah HS, Zaib S, Manee S, Mudassir J, Khan A, Batiha GES, Abualnaja KM, Alhashmialameer D, Khan I. Fabrication and Biological Assessment of Antidiabetic α-Mangostin Loaded Nanosponges: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:6633. [PMID: 34771042 PMCID: PMC8588493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a major health issue with increasing morbidity and mortality due to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The urgent need for improved methods to control hyperglycemic complications reiterates the development of innovative preventive and therapeutic treatment strategies. In this perspective, xanthone compounds in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit, especially α-mangostin (MGN), have been recognized to restore damaged pancreatic β-cells for optimal insulin release. Therefore, taking advantage of the robust use of nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery, we herein report the preparation of MGN loaded nanosponges for anti-diabetic therapeutic applications. The nanosponges were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Physico-chemical characterization of formulated nanosponges with satisfactory outcomes was performed with Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, entrapment efficiency, drug release properties, and stability studies at stress conditions were also tested. Molecular docking analysis revealed significant interactions of α-glucosidase and MGN in a protein-ligand complex. The maximum inhibition by nanosponges against α-glucosidase was observed to be 0.9352 ± 0.0856 µM, 3.11-fold higher than acarbose. In vivo studies were conducted on diabetic rats and plasma glucose levels were estimated by HPLC. Collectively, our findings suggest that MGN-loaded nanosponges may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes since they prolong the antidiabetic response in plasma and improve patient compliance by slowly releasing MGN and requiring less frequent doses, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Usman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan; (F.U.); (J.M.)
| | - Hamid Saeed Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sirikhwan Manee
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Jahanzeb Mudassir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan; (F.U.); (J.M.)
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Albeheira, Egypt;
| | - Khamael M. Abualnaja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (D.A.)
| | - Dalal Alhashmialameer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (D.A.)
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen SP, Lin SR, Chen TH, Ng HS, Yim HS, Leong MK, Weng CF. Mangosteen xanthone γ-mangostin exerts lowering blood glucose effect with potentiating insulin sensitivity through the mediation of AMPK/PPARγ. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112333. [PMID: 34678724 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is concomitant with significant morbidity and mortality and its prevalence is accumulative in worldwide. The conventional antidiabetic agents are known to mitigate the symptoms of diabetes; however, they may also cause side and adverse effects. There is an imperative necessity to conduct preclinical and clinical trials for the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents that can overcome the drawbacks of current synthetic antidiabetic drugs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of lowering blood glucose and underlined mechanism of γ-mangostin, mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) xanthones. The results showed γ-Mangostin had a antihyperglycemic ability in short (2 h)- and long-term (28 days) administrations to diet-induced diabetic mice. The long-term administration of γ-mangostin attenuated fasting blood glucose of diabetic mice and exhibited no hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Moreover, AMPK, PPARγ, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were found to be the potential targets for simulating binds with γ-mangostin after molecular docking. To validate the docking results, the inhibitory potency of γ-mangostin againstα-amylase/α-glucosidase was higher than Acarbose via enzymatic assay. Interestingly, an allosteric relationship between γ-mangostin and insulin was also found in the glucose uptake of VSMC, FL83B, C2C12, and 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, the results showed that γ-mangostin exerts anti-hyperglycemic activity through promoting glucose uptake and reducing saccharide digestion by inhibition of α-amylase/α-glucosidase with insulin sensitization, suggesting that γ-mangostin could be a new clue for drug discovery and development to treat diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sih-Pei Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China; Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University, UCSI Height, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hip-Seng Yim
- Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University, UCSI Height, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Max K Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China; Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wound Healing and Antioxidant Evaluations of Alginate from Sargassum ilicifolium and Mangosteen Rind Combination Extracts on Diabetic Mice Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A diabetic foot ulcer is an open wound that can become sore and frequently occurs in diabetic patients. Alginate has the ability to form a hydrophilic gel when in contact with a wound surface in diabetic patients. Xanthones are the main compounds of mangosteen rind and have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the wound healing and antioxidants assay with a combination of alginate from S. ilicifolium and mangosteen rind combination extracts on a diabetic mice model. The characterization of alginate was carried out by size exclusion chromatography with multiple angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The M/G ratio of alginate was calculated by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The antioxidant activity of mangosteen rind and the combination extracts was determined using the DPPH method. The observed parameters were wound width, number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and collagen densities. The 36 male mice were divided into 12 groups including non-diabetic control (NC), diabetes alginate (DA), alginate–mangosteen (DAM), and diabetes control (DC) groups in three different groups by a histopathology test on skin tissue. The treatment was carried out for 14 days and mice were evaluated on Days 3, 7, and 14. The SEC-MALLS results showed that the molecular weight and dispersity index (Ð) of alginate were 2.77 × 104 Dalton and 1.73, respectively. The M/G ratio of alginate was 0.77 and described as single-stage decomposition based on TGA. Alginate, mangosteen rind extract, and their combination were divided into weak, medium, and strong antioxidant, respectively. The treatment of the DA and DAM groups showed a decrease in wound width and an increase in the number of fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages. The number of neutrophils decreased while the percentage of collagen densities increased for all the considered groups.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang M, Huang S, Duan W, Liu Q, Lei M. Alpha-mangostin improves endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice through inhibition of aSMase/ceramide pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3601-3609. [PMID: 33719188 PMCID: PMC8034454 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications are the leading causes of death and disability in patients with diabetes. Alpha-mangostin has been reported to have anti-diabetic capacity in recent years. Here, we investigated the protective function of alpha-mangostin on endothelium in vitro and in vivo experiments. We also observed that alpha-mangostin improved impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) of diabetic animals while it limited the aSMase/ceramide pathway and up-regulated eNOS/NO pathway in aortas from diabetic mice. Meanwhile, alpha-mangostin inhibited elevated aSMase/ceramide pathway and reversed impaired EDV induced by high glucose in isolated mouse aortas. In addition, alpha-mangostin increased phosphorylation of eNOS and NO production in high glucose-treated aortas. Alpha-mangostin normalized high glucose-induced activation of aSMase/ceramide pathway and improved eNOS/NO pathway in endothelial cells with high glucose. In conclusion, alpha-mangostin regulates eNOS/NO pathway and improves EDV in aortas of diabetic mice through inhibiting aSMase activity and endogenous ceramide accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanya Huang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Duan
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoshu Liu
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minxiang Lei
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
do Espirito Santo BLS, Santana LF, Kato Junior WH, de Araújo FDO, Bogo D, Freitas KDC, Guimarães RDCA, Hiane PA, Pott A, Filiú WFDO, Arakaki Asato M, Figueiredo PDO, Bastos PRHDO. Medicinal Potential of Garcinia Species and Their Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194513. [PMID: 33019745 PMCID: PMC7582350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia is a genus of Clusiaceae, distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa, New Caledonia, Polynesia, and Brazil. Garcinia plants contain a broad range of biologically active metabolites which, in the last few decades, have received considerable attention due to the chemical compositions of their extracts, with compounds which have been shown to have beneficial effects in several diseases. Our work had the objective of reviewing the benefits of five Garcinia species (G. brasiliensis, G. gardneriana, G. pedunculata, G. cambogia, and G. mangstana). These species provide a rich natural source of bioactive compounds with relevant therapeutic properties and anti-inflammatory effects, such as for the treatment of skin disorders, wounds, pain, and infections, having demonstrated antinociceptive, antioxidant, antitumoral, antifungal, anticancer, antihistaminic, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, vasodilator, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. This demonstrates the relevance of the genus as a rich source of compounds with valuable therapeutic properties, with potential use in the prevention and treatment of nontransmissible chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Larissa Spontoni do Espirito Santo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Lidiani Figueiredo Santana
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Wilson Hino Kato Junior
- Graduate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Felipe de Oliveira de Araújo
- Graduate of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Laboratory of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiú
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Marcel Arakaki Asato
- Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratory PRONABio (Bioactive Natural Products)-Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Roberto Haidamus de Oliveira Bastos
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Watanabe M, Risi R, Masi D, Caputi A, Balena A, Rossini G, Tuccinardi D, Mariani S, Basciani S, Manfrini S, Gnessi L, Lubrano C. Current Evidence to Propose Different Food Supplements for Weight Loss: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2873. [PMID: 32962190 PMCID: PMC7551574 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of food supplements for weight loss purposes has rapidly gained popularity as the prevalence of obesity increases. Navigating through the vast, often low quality, literature available is challenging, as is providing informed advice to those asking for it. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature revision focusing on most currently marketed dietary supplements claimed to favor weight loss, classifying them by their purported mechanism of action. We conclude by proposing a combination of supplements most supported by current evidence, that leverages all mechanisms of action possibly leading to a synergistic effect and greater weight loss in the foreseen absence of adverse events. Further studies will be needed to confirm the weight loss and metabolic improvement that may be obtained through the use of the proposed combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Renata Risi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Davide Masi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Alessandra Caputi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Angela Balena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Giovanni Rossini
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Mariani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Sabrina Basciani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arozal W, Louisa M, Soetikno V. Selected Indonesian Medicinal Plants for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Molecular Basis and Recent Studies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:82. [PMID: 32435657 PMCID: PMC7218133 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the world influences quality of health in all respective countries, including Indonesia. Data from Indonesian Family Life Survey reported in 2019 showed that the prevalence of MetS in Indonesia currently is 21.66%, estimated with the provincial incidence ranging up to 50%; additionally, the most common components of MetS discovered in Indonesia were poor high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and hypertension. Management treatment of MetS involves a combination of lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions to decrease cerebrovascular disease. Various natural substances have been shown to govern any cardiovascular or metabolic disorders through different mechanisms, such as triggering anti-inflammation, lipid profile correction, sensitization of insulin reception, or blood glucose control. In Indonesia, the utilization of natural compounds is part of the nation's culture. The community widely uses them; even though in general, their effectiveness and safety have not been thoroughly assessed by rigorous clinical trials. Scientific evidence suggested that cinnamon, mangosteen, and curcumin, as well as their derived components possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity. In this review, an enormous potential of cinnamon, mangosteen, and curcumin, which originated and are commonly used in Indonesia, could be treated against MetS, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. The findings suggested that cinnamon, mangosteen, curcumin and their derivatives may reflect areas of promise in the management of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vivian Soetikno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Soetikno V, Murwantara A, Andini P, Charlie F, Lazarus G, Louisa M, Arozal W. Alpha-Mangostin Improves Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis and Associated Biochemical Parameters in High-Fat/High-Glucose Diet and Low-Dose Streptozotocin Injection-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:27-38. [PMID: 32095085 PMCID: PMC6995289 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s233111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of present study was to analyze the effect of alpha-mangostin on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and biochemical parameters in high-fat/high-glucose diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection (HF/HG/STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by giving a combination of high-fat/high-glucose (HF/HG) diet for 3 weeks and followed by low-dose streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection (STZ; 35 mg/kg) at Week-3 and the HF/HG diet was continued until 8 weeks. The diabetic rats were then divided into four groups (each, n=6): untreated diabetic group (HF/HG/STZ); diabetic group treated with metformin 200 mg/kg/day (HF/HG/STZ+Metformin); diabetic group treated with alpha-mangostin 100 mg/kg/day (HF/HG/STZ+AM100); and diabetic group treated with alpha-mangostin 200 mg/kg/day (HF/HG/STZ+AM200) and all were given by oral gavage for 8 weeks. We also included a control group (C) treated with AM200 (C+AM200). The role of alpha-mangostin was assessed through its effect on blood glucose levels, HOMA-IR, blood pressure, body weight, pro-inflammatory cytokines in cardiac tissue, serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST), lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglyceride), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. RESULTS Diabetic rats treated with alpha-mangostin in both doses for 8 weeks showed decrease in blood glucose levels, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure. Alpha-mangostin treatment also prevented HF/HG/STZ-induced changes in the activities of ALT, AST, BUN, uric acid, lipid profiles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which were comparable with the standard drug metformin, while alpha-mangostin did not show any significant effects on control rats (p>0.05). The cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were also attenuated in diabetic rats treated with alpha-mangostin in both doses. CONCLUSION These data suggest that administration of alpha-mangostin can effectively attenuate diabetes-induced alteration in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis as well as biochemical parameters in HF/HG/STZ rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Soetikno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Andriyani Murwantara
- Graduate Course, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta10430, Indonesia
| | - Prisma Andini
- Graduate Course, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta10430, Indonesia
| | - Fabrian Charlie
- Graduate Course, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta10430, Indonesia
| | - Gilbert Lazarus
- Undergraduate Course, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta10430, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Ottavio F, Gauglitz JM, Ernst M, Panitchpakdi MW, Fanti F, Compagnone D, Dorrestein PC, Sergi M. A UHPLC-HRMS based metabolomics and chemoinformatics approach to chemically distinguish 'super foods' from a variety of plant-based foods. Food Chem 2019; 313:126071. [PMID: 31927204 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if the declared benefits associated with superfoods are related to a specific molecular composition. For this purpose, untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking were used to obtain an overview of all features, focusing on compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or antimicrobial properties. 565 plant-based food samples were analyzed using UHPLC-HRMS and advanced data analysis tools. The molecular networking of the whole dataset allowed identification of a greater diversity of molecules, in particular, prenol lipids, isoflavonoids and isoquinolines in superfoods, when compared with non-superfood species belonging to the same botanical family. Furthermore, in silico tools were used to expand our chemical knowledge of compounds observed in superfood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Ottavio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Julia M Gauglitz
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Center for Newborn Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morgan W Panitchpakdi
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Federico Fanti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy.
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy.
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alpha-mangostin decreased cellular senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 28:45-55. [PMID: 31792920 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyperglycemic condition in diabetes induces cellular senescence in vascular endothelial cells and causes cardiovascular complications. Alpha-mangostin is a xanthone found in Garcinia mangostana, and has shown protective effects in metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE In this study, the anti-senescence effects of alpha-mangostin in the hyperglycemic condition are investigated. METHODS HUVECs were incubated with high glucose for 6 days and co-treated by metformin or alpha-mangostin. After 6 days, cell viability, reactive oxygen species, the percentage of senescent cells, secretory interleukin-6, and the expression of SIRT1, AMPK, p53 and p21 were measured. RESULTS High glucose (60 mM) significantly decreased cellular viability and increased reactive oxygen species and cellular senescence through the reduction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Moreover, high glucose increased the protein levels of p53, acetyl-p53 and p21. The protein levels of SIRT1 and total AMPK were decreased by high glucose. High glucose increased the secretion of IL-6. Alpha-mangostin (1.25 μM) and metformin (50 μM) reversed the toxic effects of high glucose in HUVECs. CONCLUSION These results show that alpha-mangostin, similar to metformin, has anti-senescence effects in high-glucose conditions, which is probably due to its antioxidant activity through the SIRT1 pathway. Alpha-mangostin has previously shown anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic status improvement in animal and clinical studies. Therefore, this natural agent can be considered as a supplement to prevent vascular complications caused by high glucose in patients with diabetes. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
16
|
LncRNA-H19 acts as a ceRNA to regulate HE4 expression by sponging miR-140 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hyperglycemia with or without α-Mangostin. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
17
|
Ashton MM, Dean OM, Walker AJ, Bortolasci CC, Ng CH, Hopwood M, Harvey BH, Möller M, McGrath JJ, Marx W, Turner A, Dodd S, Scott JG, Khoo JP, Walder K, Sarris J, Berk M. The Therapeutic Potential of Mangosteen Pericarp as an Adjunctive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:115. [PMID: 30918489 PMCID: PMC6424889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatments are urgently needed for serious mental illnesses including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This review proposes that Garcinia mangostana Linn. (mangosteen) pericarp is a possible adjunctive therapeutic agent for these disorders. Research to date demonstrates that neurobiological properties of the mangosteen pericarp are well aligned with the current understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mangosteen pericarp has antioxidant, putative neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and putative mitochondrial enhancing properties, with animal studies demonstrating favorable pharmacotherapeutic benefits with respect to these disorders. This review summarizes evidence of its properties and supports the case for future studies to assess the utility of mangosteen pericarp as an adjunctive treatment option for mood and psychotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M. Ashton
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia M. Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam J. Walker
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiara C. Bortolasci
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Malcolm Hopwood
- Professorial Psychiatry Unit, Albert Road Clinic, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian H. Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - John J. McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyna Turner
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James G. Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jon-Paul Khoo
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alpha-Mangostin Improves Insulin Secretion and Protects INS-1 Cells from Streptozotocin-Induced Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051484. [PMID: 29772703 PMCID: PMC5983655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha (α)-mangostin, a yellow crystalline powder with a xanthone core structure, is isolated from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), which is a tropical fruit of great nutritional value. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of α-mangostin and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its effect on pancreatic beta (β)-cell dysfunction. To assess the effects of α-mangostin on insulin production, rat pancreatic INS-1 cells were treated with non-toxic doses of α-mangostin (1⁻10 μM) and its impact on insulin signaling was examined by Western blotting. In addition, the protective effect of α-mangostin against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis was verified by using the β-cell toxin streptozotocin (STZ). Our results showed that α-mangostin stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells by activating insulin receptor (IR) and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) followed by phosphorylation of phospho-phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Akt, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascades, whereas it inhibited the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) (Ser1101). Moreover, α-mangostin was found to restore the STZ-induced decrease in INS-1 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment of INS-1 cells with 50 μM STZ resulted in an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which was represented by the fluorescence intensity of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). This oxidative stress was decreased by co-treatment with 5 μM α-mangostin. Similarly, marked increases in the phosphorylation of P38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and cleavage of caspase-3 by STZ were decreased significantly by co-treatment with 5 μM α-mangostin. These results suggest that α-mangostin is capable of improving insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells and protecting cells from apoptotic damage.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mangosteen Extract Shows a Potent Insulin Sensitizing Effect in Obese Female Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050586. [PMID: 29747432 PMCID: PMC5986466 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a widely acknowledged association between insulin resistance and obesity/type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and insulin sensitizing treatments have proved effective in preventing diabetes and inducing weight loss. Obesity and T2DM are also associated with increased inflammation. Mangosteen is a tropical tree, whose fruits—known for their antioxidant properties—have been recently suggested having a possible further role in the treatment of obesity and T2DM. The objective of this pilot study has been to evaluate safety and efficacy of treatment with mangosteen extract on insulin resistance, weight management, and inflammatory status in obese female patients with insulin resistance. Twenty-two patients were randomized 1:1 to behavioral therapy alone or behavioral therapy and mangosteen and 20 completed the 26-week study. The mangosteen group reported a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, HOMA-IR −53.22% vs. −15.23%, p = 0.004), and no side effect attributable to treatment was reported. Given the positive preliminary results we report and the excellent safety profile, we suggest a possible supplementary role of mangosteen extracts in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen G, Li Y, Wang W, Deng L. Bioactivity and pharmacological properties of α-mangostin from the mangosteen fruit: a review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:415-427. [PMID: 29558225 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1455829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α-Mangostin (α-MG) is the most representative xanthone isolated from the pericarp of mangosteen, possessing extensive biological activities and pharmacological properties, considered as an antineoplastic agent, antioxidant, anti-proliferation and induces apoptosis. AREAS COVERED The bioactivity and pharmacological properties of α-MG are being actively investigated by various industrial and academic institutions. The bioactivities of α-MG have been summarized in several previous reviews, which were worthy of high compliment. However, recently, many new literatures about the bioactivities of α-MG have been further reported from 2016 to 2017. Herein, the activities of α-MG are supplemented and summarized in this text. EXPERT OPINION As previously said, α-MG possesses good bioactivities pharmacological properties. More recently, it found that α-MG has the effect of maintaining cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal health and controlling free radical oxidation. Furthermore, α-MG has more applications in cosmetics, with the effects of anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, acne treatment, maintenance of skin lubrication. The application of α-MG in treating rheumatoid arthritis has been disclosed and the MG-loaded self-micro emulsion (MG-SME) was designed to improve its pharmacokinetic deficiencies. As mentioned above, α-MG can be a promising drug, also worthy of developing, and further research is crucial for the future application of α-MG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China
| | - Yong Li
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China
| | - Wei Wang
- b Shaoxing University Yuanpei College , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China
| | - Liping Deng
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China.,b Shaoxing University Yuanpei College , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu T, Duan W, Nizigiyimana P, Gao L, Liao Z, Xu B, Liu L, Lei M. Alpha-mangostin attenuates diabetic nephropathy in association with suppression of acid sphingomyelianse and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:394-400. [PMID: 29317203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, but there are currently few treatment options. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the effect of alpha-mangostin on diabetic nephropathy and possible related mechanisms. METHODS Goto-Kakizaki rats were used as a diabetic model and received alpha-mangostin or desipramine treatment with normal saline as a control. Ten age-matched Sprague Dawley rats were used as normal controls and treated with normal saline. At week 12, blood glucose, albuminuria, apoptosis and renal pathologic changes were assessed. Protein levels for acid sphingomyelinase, glucose-regulated protein 78, phosphorylated PKR-like ER-resident kinase, activated transcription factor 4, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, homologous protein), and cleaved-caspase12 were measured. RESULTS The level of acid sphingomyelinase was significantly increased, and ER stress was activated in diabetic rat kidneys when compared to the control animals. When acid sphingomyelinase was inhibited by alpha-mangostin, the expression of ER stress-related proteins was down-regulated in association with decreased levels of diabetic kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-mangostin, an acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor plays a protective role in diabetic neuropathy by relieving ER stress induced-renal cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Endocrinology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Wang Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Paul Nizigiyimana
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhouning Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Boya Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lerong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Minxiang Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
α-Mangostin protects against high-glucose induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170779. [PMID: 29054969 PMCID: PMC5725610 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications result from high-glucose induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. There is an emerging need for novel drugs with vascular endothelial cell protective effects for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of α-mangostin against high-glucose induced apoptosis of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with glucose to induce apoptosis. The expression of the apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, were detected by Western blotting. Ceramide concentration and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity were assayed by HPLC. The cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI). Compared with HUVECs cultured in 5 mM glucose, cells cultured in 30 mM glucose exhibited a higher apoptosis rate, up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (proapoptotic proteins), down-regulation of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein), increased ceramide concentration, and enhanced ASM activity (all P<0.05). α-Mangostin (15 µM) significantly attenuated the high-glucose induced increase in apoptosis rate (8.64 ± 2.16 compared with 19.6 ± 3.54%), up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, elevation of ceramide level, and enhancement of ASM activity (all P<0.05). The effects of desipramine were similar to those of α-mangostin. The protective effect of α-mangostin on high-glucose induced apoptotic damage may be mediated by an inhibition of ASM and thus a decreased level of ceramide.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ovalle-Magallanes B, Eugenio-Pérez D, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.): A comprehensive update. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:102-122. [PMID: 28842267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia known as mangosteen which fruits possess a distinctive and pleasant taste that has granted them the epithet of "queen of the fruits". The seeds and pericarps of the fruit have a long history of use in the traditional medicinal practices of the region, and beverages containing mangosteen pulp and pericarps are sold worldwide as nutritional supplements. The main phytochemicals present in the species are isoprenylated xanthones, a class of secondary metabolites with multiple reports of biological effects, such as antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic and anti-obesity. The diversity of actions displayed by mangosteen xanthones shows that these compounds target multiple signaling pathways involved in different pathologies, and place them as valuable sources for developing new drugs to treat chronic and degenerative diseases. This review article presents a comprehensive update of the toxicological findings on animal models, and the preclinical anticancer, analgesic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of G. mangostana L. extracts and its main isolates. Pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems and reports on dose-finding human trials are also examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Ovalle-Magallanes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dianelena Eugenio-Pérez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tousian Shandiz H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of Garcinia mangostana and its Xanthones in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1173-1182. [PMID: 28656594 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is coexistence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and their complications, low quality and short lifespan. Garcinia mangostana and its xanthones such as α-mangostin have been shown desirable effects such as anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-diabetic and antiinflammatory effects in experimental studies. Various databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science with keywords of 'Garcinia mangostana', 'mangosteen', 'α-mangostin', 'metabolic syndrome', 'hypoglycemic', 'antihyperglicemic', 'antidiabetic', 'hypotensive', 'antihypertensive', 'atherosclerosis', 'arteriosclerosis' and 'hyperlipidemia' have been investigated in this search without publication time limitation. This study reviewed all pharmacological effects and molecular pathways of G. mangostana and its xanthones in the management of metabolic syndrome and its complications in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Based on these studies, mangosteen and its xanthones have good potential to design human studies for controlling and modification of metabolic syndrome and its related disorders such as obesity, disrupted lipid profile, diabetes and its complications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdallah HM, El-Bassossy HM, Mohamed GA, El-Halawany AM, Alshali KZ, Banjar ZM. Mangostanaxanthones III and IV: advanced glycation end-product inhibitors from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. J Nat Med 2016; 71:216-226. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
26
|
Taher M, Tg Zakaria TMFS, Susanti D, Zakaria ZA. Hypoglycaemic activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. in normoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:135. [PMID: 27208974 PMCID: PMC4875614 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Various parts of Garcinia mangostana Linn., including its pericarp, have been traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments. In an attempt to establish its medicinal value, the present study was carried out to determine the hypoglycaemic potential of G. mangostana pericarp ethanolic extract (GME) using the streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. Methods GME at 2,000 mg/kg was subjected to a single-dose acute toxicity test. Following this, the effect of GME (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) on blood glucose level of normoglycaemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats was determined using single-dose (acute) and multiple-dose (subacute) approaches. Subsequent to the multiple-dose study, serum biochemical analysis and liver histopathological examination were also performed. Throughout the experiments, the effect of GME was compared against the standard hypoglycaemic drug, glibenclamide. Results GME was safe for oral consumption up to the dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In both single- and multiple-dose studies, GME significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level in normoglycaemic rats and STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared against the normal control group or diabetic control group, respectively. Moreover, GME also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the rats’ body weight in comparison to the diabetic control group in the multiple-dose study. GME also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of certain biochemical parameters [i.e., triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), urea, and creatinine] while increased the others [i.e., high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total protein (TP)] when compared to the diabetic control group. Histopathological assessment of the collected liver revealed a mild increase in the population of β-cells in the diabetic rats. Conclusion GME exerts the hypoglycaemic activity possibly by increasing the population of insulin-producing β-cells. This activity could be attributed to the presence of antioxidant-bearing tannins like epicathecin, and xanthones like α-mangostin. Thus, the findings demonstrated that GME could be a potential candidate in the management of diabetes owing to its hypoglycaemic effect.
Collapse
|
27
|
Choi YH, Bae JK, Chae HS, Kim YM, Sreymom Y, Han L, Jang HY, Chin YW. α-Mangostin Regulates Hepatic Steatosis and Obesity through SirT1-AMPK and PPARγ Pathways in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8399-8406. [PMID: 26368128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that α-mangostin (α-MG) suppresses intracellular fat accumulation and stimulation of lipolysis in in vitro systems. Together with the relatively high distribution of α-MG in liver and fat, these observations made it possible to propose a plausible hypothesis that an α-MG supplement may regulate hepatic steatosis and obesity. An α-MG supplement (50 mg/kg) reduced the body weight gain (13.8%) and epidymal and retroperitoneal fat mass accumulation (15.0 and 11.3%, respectively), as well as the biochemical serum profiles such as cholesterol [TC (26.9%), LDL-C (39.1%), and HDL-C (15.3%)], glucose (30.2%), triglyceride (29.7%), and fatty acid (30.3%) levels in high-fat fed mice compared with the high-fat diet-treated group, indicating that α-MG may regulate lipid metabolism. In addition, an α-MG supplement up-regulated hepatic AMPK, SirT1, and PPARγ levels compared with the high-fat diet states, suggesting that α-MG regulates hepatic steatosis and obesity through the SirT1-AMPK and PPARγ pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Yim Sreymom
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Ling Han
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Ha Young Jang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 80 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Effects of combined extract of cocoa, coffee, green tea and garcinia on lipid profiles, glycaemic markers and inflammatory responses in hamsters. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:269. [PMID: 26264374 PMCID: PMC4533957 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is highly associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which have been ranked second and third place of leading causes of death in Taiwan. Some plant extracts have been proved effective against dyslipidaemia. However, the combination of plant extracts was rarely studied. The purpose of the present study is to understand the beneficial effects of a combined extract (comprising cocoa, coffee, green tea and garcinia; CCGG) on lipid profiles in serum, liver, and faeces as well as glycaemic markers and related proinflammatory cytokines by using an appropriate animal model, the golden Syrian hamster. METHODS A total of 40 male hamsters were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) vehicle control, (2) high-cholesterol diet control, (3) high-cholesterol diet of 311 mg/kg/d of CCGG, (4) high-cholesterol diet of 622 mg/kg/d of CCGG and (5) high-cholesterol diet of 1555 mg/kg/d of CCGG. At the end of the experiment, blood, tissue and faecal samples were collected for further analysis. RESULTS After 6 weeks of treatment, CCGG supplementation significantly reduced serum lipid content (triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C) and hepatic lipid content (triglycerides and cholesterol) with dose-dependent effects. In addition, an increase in excretion of faecal lipids (bile acids) was observed after supplementation. Furthermore, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and serum proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6) involved in dyslipidaemia was markedly improved. In addition, by monitoring biochemical parameters as well as histopathology of major tissues, no toxicity was observed after the consumption of CCGG. CONCLUSION Dietary CCGG supplementation may exert potential effects on ameliorating hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, liver steatosis and related inflammation.
Collapse
|