1
|
Luo L, Zhang W, You S, Cui X, Tu H, Yi Q, Wu J, Liu O. The role of epithelial cells in fibrosis: Mechanisms and treatment. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107144. [PMID: 38484858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process that affects multiple organs and is considered one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in multiple diseases, resulting in an enormous disease burden. Current studies have focused on fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which directly lead to imbalance in generation and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the role of epithelial cells in fibrosis. In some cases, epithelial cells are first exposed to external physicochemical stimuli that may directly drive collagen accumulation in the mesenchyme. In other cases, the source of stimulation is mainly immune cells and some cytokines, and epithelial cells are similarly altered in the process. In this review, we will focus on the multiple dynamic alterations involved in epithelial cells after injury and during fibrogenesis, discuss the association among them, and summarize some therapies targeting changed epithelial cells. Especially, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the key central step, which is closely linked to other biological behaviors. Meanwhile, we think studies on disruption of epithelial barrier, epithelial cell death and altered basal stem cell populations and stemness in fibrosis are not appreciated. We believe that therapies targeted epithelial cells can prevent the progress of fibrosis, but not reverse it. The epithelial cell targeting therapies will provide a wonderful preventive and delaying action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Luo
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyao You
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyan Cui
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Tu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiao Yi
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Wang J, Okyere SK, Huang R, Shao C, Yousif M, Deng J, Hu Y. Ageratina adenophora damages the rumen epithelium via inducing the expression of inflammatory factors in goats. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad418. [PMID: 38142130 PMCID: PMC10781442 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Ageratina adenophora on the expression of epithelium tight junction proteins and inflammatory factors in the rumen of goats. Twelve goats were randomly divided into three groups. The first group was the blank control group (n = 3, C) which was fed normal diet. The second group was fistulas control group (n = 3, RFC), which was fitted with rumen fistulas, and fed normal diet. The third group was the A. adenophora test group (n = 6, AA), which was fitted with rumen fistulas and fed a mixture of 60% of normal diet and 40% of A. adenophora grass powder. The feeding experiment lasted for 90 d, after which all goats were sacrificed and samples were collected from the rumen dorsal sac and ventral sac. The relative expression of mRNA of inflammatory factors in the rumen epithelium (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interferon gamma [IFN-γ], interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β], IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) and tight junction protein genes (occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1) was measured by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR. Expression of tight junction proteins in the rumen epithelium was measured by Western blot. A correlation was established between the expression of inflammatory factors and tight junction protein genes using Graph Pad Prism. The results showed that A. adenophora caused a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 in the rumen epithelial (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The expression of tight junction proteins at both gene and protein levels was significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that the changes in tight junction protein expression in the test group were closely related to the upregulation of the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IFN-γ in rumen epithelial cells. In conclusion, the expression of inflammatory factors was increased and the expression of tight junction proteins was decreased in goats after feeding on A. adenophora, which caused some damage to the rumen epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ruya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Yousif
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mori A, Ohno H, Satoh-Takayama N. Disease pathogenesis and barrier functions regulated by group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 45:509-519. [PMID: 38305897 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surface is in constant contact with foreign antigens and is regulated by unique mechanisms that are different from immune responses in the peripheral organs. For the last several decades, only adaptive immune cells such as helper T (Th) cells, Th1, Th2, or Th17 were targeted to study a wide variety of immune responses in the mucosal tissues. However, since their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been attracting attention as a unique subset of immune cells that provide border defense with various functions and tissue specificity. ILCs are classified into different groups based on cell differentiation and functions. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are particularly in close proximity to mucosal surfaces and therefore have the opportunity to be exposed to a variety of bacteria including pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, studies have also provided much evidence that ILC3s contribute to disease pathogenesis as well as the defense of mucosal surfaces by rapidly responding to pathogens and coordinating other immune cells. As the counterpart of helper T cells, ILC3s together with other ILC subsets establish the immune balance between adaptive and innate immunity in protecting us from invasion or encounter with non-self-antigens for maintaining a complex homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of ILCs, with a particular focus on the function of ILC3s in their involvement in bacterial infection and disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Mori
- Immunobiology Laboratory, School of Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scalavino V, Piccinno E, Valentini AM, Schena N, Armentano R, Giannelli G, Serino G. miR-369-3p Modulates Intestinal Inflammatory Response via BRCC3/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis. Cells 2023; 12:2184. [PMID: 37681916 PMCID: PMC10486421 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes expressed by immune cells in response to distinct stimuli that trigger inflammatory responses and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggests a different role of inflammasome NLRP3 in IBD. NLRP3 inflammasome activation can be controlled by post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination through BRCC3. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-369-3p on the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes via BRCC3 regulation. After bioinformatics prediction of Brcc3 as a gene target of miR-369-3p, in vitro, we validated its modulation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). The increase in miR-369-3p significantly reduced BRCC3 gene and protein expression. This modulation, in turn, reduced the expression of NLRP3 and blocked the recruitment of ASC adaptor protein by NLRP3. As a result, miR-369-3p reduced the activity of Caspase-1 by the inflammasome, decreasing the cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. These results support a novel mechanism that seems to act on post-translational modification of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by BRCC3. This may be an interesting new target in the personalized treatment of inflammatory disorders, including IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grazia Serino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (V.S.); (E.P.); (A.M.V.); (N.S.); (R.A.); (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stoess C, Leszczynska A, Kui L, Feldstein AE. Pyroptosis and gasdermins-Emerging insights and therapeutic opportunities in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1218807. [PMID: 37664463 PMCID: PMC10470644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1218807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rapid expansion in our understanding of regulated cell death, leading to the discovery of novel mechanisms that govern diverse cell death pathways. One recently discovered type of cell death is pyroptosis, initially identified in the 1990s as a caspase-1-dependent lytic cell death. However, further investigations have redefined pyroptosis as a regulated cell death that relies on the activation of pore-forming proteins, particularly the gasdermin family. Among the key regulators of pyroptosis is the inflammasome sensor NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), a critical innate immune sensor responsible for regulating the activation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D. A deeper understanding of pyroptosis and its interplay with other forms of regulated cell death is emerging, shedding light on a complex regulatory network controlling pore-forming proteins and cell fate. Cell death processes play a central role in diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, autoinflammatory disorders, and cancer. Cell death often acts as a starting point in these diseases, making it an appealing target for drug development. Yet, the complete molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, and new discoveries reveal promising novel avenues for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on pathways and proteins controlling pyroptosis and gasdermins. Furthermore, we will address the role of pyroptosis and the gasdermin family in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis. Additionally, we highlight new potential therapeutic targets for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and other inflammatory-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stoess
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Leszczynska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lin Kui
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arreola-Ramírez JL, Vargas MH, Carbajal V, Alquicira-Mireles J, Montaño M, Ramos-Abraham C, Ortiz-Quintero B, Torres-Machorro AL, Rodríguez-Velasco A, Esquivel-Campos AL, Vásquez-Vásquez JA, Segura-Medina P. Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate the proinflammatory cytokine pattern in a guinea pig model of chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Cytokine 2023; 162:156104. [PMID: 36493630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cigarette smoke often induces pulmonary and systemic inflammation. In animal models, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) tend to ameliorate these effects. We aimed to explore the local and systemic expression of cytokines in guinea pigs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke, and their modifications by MSC. MAIN METHODS Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, INF-ɣ, TSG-6, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and/or TIMP-2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) from animals exposed to tobacco smoke (20 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week for 10 weeks) were determined, and mRNA expression of some of them was measured in lung tissue. Intratracheal instillation of allogeneic bone marrow MSC (5x106 cells in 1 ml) was done at week 2. KEY FINDINGS After cigarette smoke, IL-6 and IFN-γ increased in serum and BALF, while IL-1β and IL-12 decreased in serum, and TSG-6 and TIMP-2 increased in BALF. IL-1β had a paradoxical increase in BALF. MSC had an almost null effect in unexposed animals. The intratracheal administration of MSC in guinea pigs exposed to cigarette smoke was associated with a statistically significant decrease of IL-12 and TSG-6 in serum, as well as a decrease of IL-1β and IFN-γ and an increase in TIMP-1 in BALF. Concerning mRNA expression in lung tissue, cigarette smoke did not modify the relative amount of the studied transcripts, but even so, MSC decreased the IL-12 mRNA and increased the TIMP-1 mRNA. SIGNIFICANCE A single intratracheal instillation of MSC reduces the pulmonary and systemic proinflammatory pattern induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke in guinea pigs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Arreola-Ramírez
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mario H Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Carbajal
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alquicira-Mireles
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Montaño
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramos-Abraham
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Departamento de Investigación en Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Lilia Torres-Machorro
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Velasco
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Esquivel-Campos
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia Segura-Medina
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Role of Inflammasomes in Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars-Lessons Learned from Chronic Diabetic Wounds and Skin Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126820. [PMID: 35743263 PMCID: PMC9223684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids and hypertrophic scars are pathological cutaneous scars. They arise from excessive wound healing, which induces chronic dermal inflammation and results in overwhelming fibroblast production of extracellular matrix. Their etiology is unclear. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that are important in proinflammatory innate-immune system responses. We asked whether inflammasomes participate in pathological scarring by examining the literature on scarring, diabetic wounds (also characterized by chronic inflammation), and systemic sclerosis (also marked by fibrosis). Pathological scars are predominantly populated by anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and recent literature hints that this could be driven by non-canonical inflammasome signaling. Diabetic-wound healing associates with inflammasome activation in immune (macrophages) and non-immune (keratinocytes) cells. Fibrotic conditions associate with inflammasome activation and inflammasome-induced transition of epithelial cells/endothelial cells/macrophages into myofibroblasts that deposit excessive extracellular matrix. Studies suggest that mechanical stimuli activate inflammasomes via the cytoskeleton and that mechanotransduction-inflammasome crosstalk is involved in fibrosis. Further research should examine (i) the roles that various inflammasome types in macrophages, (myo)fibroblasts, and other cell types play in keloid development and (ii) how mechanical stimuli interact with inflammasomes and thereby drive scar growth. Such research is likely to significantly advance our understanding of pathological scarring and aid the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mähönen K, Hau A, Bondet V, Duffy D, Eklund KK, Panelius J, Ranki A. Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Skin of Patients with Systemic and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00708. [PMID: 35356994 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is suggested to contribute to the complex pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, but its role in cutaneous lupus erythematosus has not been addressed. This study investigated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and levels of type I interferons in the skin of 20 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Expression of NLRP1/3, adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein), caspase-1, interferon-α (IFN-α), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA), and interferon-induced proteins 1 and 2 (IFIT 1/2) in the skin was assessed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Serum interferon-α protein levels from 12 patients were measured using digital enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Interleukin-1β expression was significantly upregulated in the lesional skin of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus compared with their uninvolved skin. However, NLRP1/3, ASC and caspase-1 were not significantly upregulated compared with the skin of control persons. IFN-α and IFN-induced proteins MxA and IFIT1/2 were strongly expressed in cutaneous lupus erythematosus skin. Variability in the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components among patients suggests heterogeneity of pathological pathways in cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Mähönen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, P.O. Box 160, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao X, Ma J, Jiao C, Tang N, Zhao X, Wang D, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Xu C, Jiang J, Wu S, Cui X, Zhang H, Qiu X. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting the Colonization and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100433. [PMID: 34558816 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal commensal microbiota interactions play critical roles in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development. Candida albicans (CA) can aggravate intestinal inflammation; however, whether Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FP) can antagonize CA is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS CA are co-cultured with bacteria (FP and Escherichia coli (EC)), bacterial supernatant, and bacterial medium, respectively. Then, the CA hyphae-specific genes' expression and CA cells' morphology are investigated. The Nod-like receptor pyrin-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome, inflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production are evaluated in intestinal epithelial cells pre-treated with bacteria, bacterial med, and bacterial supernatant and exposed without or with CA. Both bacteria significantly prohibit CA numbers, while only FP and FP supernatant prohibit the transformation and virulence factors (extracellular phospholipase, secreted aspartyl proteinase, and hemolysin) secretion of CA in a co-culture system compared with media controls. Further, FP and FP supernatant promote the production of the NLRP6 inflammasome, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and antibacterial peptides (β-defensin (BD)-2 and BD-3) and inhibit in vitro and in vivo CA growth and pathogenicity, and alleviate DSS-colitis in mice, while EC do not show the similar effect. CONCLUSION FP improve intestinal inflammation by inhibiting CA reproduction, colonization, and pathogenicity and inducing AMP secretion in the gut. This study uncovers new relationships between intestinal microbes and fungi in IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqiong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyue Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyun Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anti-inflammatory actions of aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) in bronchial epithelial cells infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1603-1612. [PMID: 34405339 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with airway epithelial cells is crucial for the establishment of cryptococcosis. Aspirin-triggered-resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) is a lipid mediator produced during the resolution of inflammation and demonstrates anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects in several inflammatory experimental models including in the airways. METHOD Here, we evaluated the effects of AT-RvD1 (1, 10 or 100 nM) on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with C. neoformans (1, 10 or 100 multiplicities of infection; MOI). RESULTS After 24 h, C. neoformans (all MOI) demonstrated no cytotoxic effects and increased IL-8 production on BEAS-2B cells when compared to controls. In addition, C. neoformans (MOI 100) increased the concentration of IL-6, but not of IL-10. AT-RvD1 (100 nM) significantly reduced the concentration of IL-8 and IL-6 and increased IL-10 production in C. neoformans-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. C. neoformans increased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and ERK1/2, and ALX/FPR2 expression. AT-RvD1 reduced the activation of NF-kB without altering the ERK1/2 and ALX/FPR2 expression. The anti-inflammatory effects of AT-RvD1 were dependent on the ALX/FPR2, once its antagonist (BOC2) reversed its anti-inflammatory effects. No alteration on the fungal burden as well as interactions with BEAS-2B cells was observed by AT-RvD1. CONCLUSION AT-RvD1 demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in bronchial epithelial cells infected with C. neoformans without affecting the development of C. neoformans infection in the airways. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tuganbaev T, Honda K. Non-zero-sum microbiome immune system interactions. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2120-2136. [PMID: 34242413 PMCID: PMC8457126 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental asymmetries between the host and its microbiome in enzymatic activities and nutrient storage capabilities have promoted mutualistic adaptations on both sides. As a result, the enteric immune system has evolved so as not to cause a zero‐sum sterilization of non‐self, but rather achieve a non‐zero‐sum self‐reinforcing cooperation with its evolutionary partner the microbiome. In this review, we attempt to integrate the accumulated knowledge of immune—microbiome interactions into an evolutionary framework and trace the pattern of positive immune—microbiome feedback loops across epithelial, enteric nervous system, innate, and adaptive immune circuits. Indeed, the immune system requires commensal signals for its development and function, and reciprocally protects the microbiome from nutrient shortage and pathogen outgrowth. In turn, a healthy microbiome is the result of immune system curatorship as well as microbial ecology. The paradigms of host–microbiome asymmetry and the cooperative nature of their interactions identified in the gut are applicable across all tissues influenced by microbial activities. Incorporation of immune system influences into models of microbiome ecology will be a step forward toward defining what constitutes a healthy human microbiome and guide discoveries of novel host–microbiome mutualistic adaptations that may be harnessed for the promotion of human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timur Tuganbaev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pereira ABM, Oliveira JR, Souza ALJ, Andrade-Silva L, Silva MV, Silva PR, Silva-Vergara ML, Rogerio AP. Effects of cigarette smoke extract on bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:221-233. [PMID: 34228244 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the airways, the adhesion of Cryptococcus neoformans with airway epithelial cells is crucial for the establishment of cryptococcosis. Tobacco smoke is considered a risk factor for cryptococcosis. Here, we evaluated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with C. neoformans. Multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 1-100 of C. neoformans per cell led to increased IL-8 production and no cytotoxic effects when compared to those of controls. C. neoformans (MOI 100) also significantly increased the concentration of IL-6. In cells stimulated with CSE doses (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0%) from one or five cigarettes, increased IL-1β production was observed only in doses from one (1.0%) and five (2.5%) cigarettes when compared to that of controls. However, only 1.0% CSE failed to show cytotoxic effects. In addition, CSE significantly increased the concentration of IL-8. Cells stimulated with both CSE and C. neoformans demonstrated a reduction in IL-6/STAT3 signalling compared to that in cells stimulated by C. neoformans. In addition, a significant increase in IL-10 production was also observed. No alterations in NF-kB or ICAM-1 expression were observed among the groups. The combination of CSE and C. neoformans favoured the increase of fungal numbers and extracellular adhering of C. neoformans on BEAS-2B cells. In addition, the internalization of C. neoformans on BEAS-2B cells was reduced after CSE stimulation. In conclusion, the association of CSE and C. neoformans induced an anti-inflammatory effect in bronchial epithelial cells, which might favour the development of C. neoformans infection in the airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Beatriz Mahler Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Jhony Robison Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Ana Leticia Julio Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Andrade-Silva
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute Department of Clinical Medicine, of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Mario Leon Silva-Vergara
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Paula Rogerio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Azlan A, Salamonsen LA, Hutchison J, Evans J. Endometrial inflammasome activation accompanies menstruation and may have implications for systemic inflammatory events of the menstrual cycle. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:1363-1376. [PMID: 32488243 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome activation within decidualized endometrial stromal cells accompany menstruation and is this reflected systemically? SUMMARY ANSWER Components of the NLRP3 inflammasome immunolocalize to decidualized endometrial stromal cells immediately prior to menstruation, and are activated in an in vitro model of menstruation, as evidenced by downstream interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 release, this being reflected systemically in vivo. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Menstruation is a highly inflammatory event associated with activation of NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), local release of chemokines and cytokines and inflammatory leukocyte influx. Systemically, chemokines and cytokines fluctuate across the menstrual cycle. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study examined the NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of downstream IL-1beta and IL-18 in endometrial tissues from women of known fertility (≥1 previous parous pregnancy) across the menstrual cycle (n ≥ 8 per cycle phase), serum from women during the proliferative, secretory and menstrual phases (≥9 per cycle phase) of the cycle and menstrual fluid collected on Day 2 of menses (n = 18). Endometrial stromal cells isolated from endometrial tissue biopsies (n = 10 in total) were used for an in vitro model of pre-menstrual hormone withdrawal. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Expression and localization of components of the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3 & apoptosis-associated speck-caspase recruit domain [ASC]) in endometrial tissues was performed by immunohistochemistry. Unbiased digital quantification of immunohistochemical staining allowed determination of different patterns of expression across the menstrual cycle. Serum from women across the menstrual cycle was examined for IL-1beta and IL-18 concentrations by ELISA. An in vitro model of hormone withdrawal from estrogen/progestin decidualized endometrial stromal cells was used to more carefully examine activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Endometrial stromal cells isolated from endometrial tissue biopsies (n = 10) were treated with estrogen/medroxyprogesterone acetate for 12 days to induce decidualization (assessed by release of prolactin) followed by withdrawal of steroid hormone support. Activation of NLRP3, & ASC in these cells was examined on Days 0-3 after hormone withdrawal by Western immunoblotting. Release of IL-1beta and IL-18 examined during decidualization and across the same time course of hormone withdrawal by ELISA. Specific involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in IL-1beta and IL-18 release after hormone withdrawal was investigated via application of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 at the time of hormone withdrawal. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Critical components of the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC) were increased in menstrual phase endometrial tissues versus early secretory phase tissues (P < 0.05, n/s, respectively). NLRP3 and ASC were also elevated in the proliferative versus secretory phase of the cycle (P < 0.01, n/s, respectively) with ASC also significantly increased in the late-secretory versus early-secretory phase (P < 0.05). The pattern of activation was reflected in systemic levels of the inflammasome mediators, with IL-1beta and IL-18 elevated in peripheral blood serum during menstruation (Day 2 of menses) versus secretory phase (P = 0.026, P = 0.0042, respectively) and significantly elevated in menstrual fluid (Day 2 of menses) versus systemic levels across all cycle phases, suggesting that local inflammasome activation within the endometrium during menses is reflected by systemic inflammation. NLRP3 and ASC localized to decidualized cells adjacent to the spiral arterioles in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, where the menstrual cascade is thought to be initiated, and to endometrial leukocytes during the menstrual phase. NLRP3 also localized to glandular epithelial cells during the late-secretory/menstrual phases. Localization of both NLRP3 and ASC switched from predominant epithelial localization during the early-secretory phase to stromal localization during the late-secretory/menstrual phase. Using an in vitro model of hormone withdrawal from decidualized human endometrial stromal cells, we demonstrated progressive activation of NLRP3 and ASC after hormone withdrawal increasing from Day 0 of withdrawal/Day 12 of decidualization to Day 3 of withdrawal. Downstream release of IL-1beta and IL-18 from decidualized stromal cells after hormone withdrawal followed the same pattern with the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation confirmed via the inhibition of IL-1beta and IL-18 release upon application of MCC950. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study uses descriptive and semi-quantitative measures of NLRP3 inflammasome activation within endometrial tissues. Further, the in vitro model of pre-menstrual hormone withdrawal may not accurately recapitulate the in vivo environment as only one cell type is present and medroxyprogesterone acetate replaced natural progesterone due to its longer stability. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We provide novel evidence that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated within decidualized endometrial stromal cells immediately prior to menses and that local activation of the inflammasome within the endometrium appears to be reflected systemically in by activation of downstream IL-1beta and IL-18. Given the prevalence of menstrual disorders associated with inflammation including dysmenorrhoea and aspects of pre-menstrual syndrome, the inflammasome could be a novel target for ameliorating such burdens. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The authors have no competing interests. J.E. was supported by a Fielding Foundation fellowship, NHMRC project grants (#1139489 and #1141946) and The Hudson Institute of Medical Research. L.A.S. was supported by The Hudson Institute of Medical Research and J.H. by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. We acknowledge the Victorian Government's Operating Infrastructure funding to the Hudson Institute. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Azlan
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton 3168, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Hutchison
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Jemma Evans
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3800 VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shao X, Guha S, Lu W, Campagno KE, Beckel JM, Mills JA, Yang W, Mitchell CH. Polarized Cytokine Release Triggered by P2X7 Receptor from Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells Dependent on Calcium Influx. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122537. [PMID: 33255431 PMCID: PMC7760537 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine release from non-inflammatory cells is a key step in innate immunity, and agonists triggering cytokine release are central in coordinating responses. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) stimulation by extracellular ATP is best known to active the NLRP3 inflammasome and release IL-1β, but stimulation also leads to release of other cytokines. As cytokine signaling by retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells is implicated in retinal neurodegeneration, the role of P2X7R in release of cytokine IL-6 from RPE cells was investigated. P2X7R stimulation triggered IL-6 release from primary mouse RPE, human iPS-RPE and human ARPE-19 cells. IL-6 release was polarized, with predominant rise across apical membranes. IL-6 release was inhibited by P2X7R antagonists A438079, A839977, and AZ10606120, but not the NRTI lamivudine (3TC), P2X1R antagonist NF279, or P2Y1R antagonist MRS2179. P2X7R-mediated IL-6 release required extracellular Ca2+ and was blocked by Ca2+ chelator BAPTA. IL-6 release and Ca2+ elevation occurred rapidly, consistent with vesicular IL-6 staining in unstimulated cells. P2X7R stimulation did not trigger IL-1β release in these unprimed cells. P2X7R-mediated IL-6 release was enhanced in RPE cells from the ABCA4−/− mouse model of retinal degeneration. In summary, P2X7R stimulation triggers rapid Ca2+-dependent IL-6 release across the apical membrane of RPE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Shao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, School of Optometry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Sonia Guha
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.G.); (J.M.B.)
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wennan Lu
- Department of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (W.L.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Keith E. Campagno
- Department of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (W.L.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Jonathan M. Beckel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.G.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jason A. Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology and Center for Advanced Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics (CAROT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Claire H. Mitchell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.G.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (W.L.); (K.E.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-573-2176
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Klomp M, Ghosh S, Mohammed S, Nadeem Khan M. From virus to inflammation, how influenza promotes lung damage. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:115-122. [PMID: 32895987 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ru0820-232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite seasonal vaccines, influenza-related hospitalization and death rates have remained unchanged over the past 5 years. Influenza pathogenesis has 2 crucial clinical components; first, influenza causes acute lung injury that may require hospitalization. Second, acute injury promotes secondary bacterial pneumonia, a leading cause of hospitalization and disease burden in the United States and globally. Therefore, developing an effective therapeutic regimen against influenza requires a comprehensive understanding of the damage-associated immune-mechanisms to identify therapeutic targets for interventions to mitigate inflammation/tissue-damage, improve antiviral immunity, and prevent influenza-associated secondary bacterial diseases. In this review, the pathogenic immune mechanisms implicated in acute lung injury and the possibility of using lung inflammation and barrier crosstalk for developing therapeutics against influenza are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Klomp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sohail Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, USA
| | - M Nadeem Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seo GY, Giles DA, Kronenberg M. The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:399-412. [PMID: 32047273 PMCID: PMC7186215 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a lymphocyte population that is mostly resident at mucosal surfaces. They help to induce an appropriate immune response to the microbiome at homeostasis. In healthy people, the mucosal immune system works symbiotically with organisms that make up the microbiota. ILCs play a critical role in orchestrating this balance, as they can both influence and in turn be influenced by the microbiome. ILCs also are important regulators of the early response to infections by diverse types of pathogenic microbes at mucosal barriers. Their rapid responses initiate inflammatory programs, production of antimicrobial products and repair processes. This review will focus on the role of ILCs in response to the microbiota and to microbial infections of the lung and intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA,Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin X, Barravecchia M, Matthew Kottmann R, Sime P, Dean DA. Caveolin-1 gene therapy inhibits inflammasome activation to protect from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19643. [PMID: 31873099 PMCID: PMC6928213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating and fatal disease and characterized by increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and scar formation in the lung, resulting from alveolar epithelial damage and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Evidence suggests that Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a major component of caveolae which regulates cell signaling and endocytosis, is a potential target to treat fibrotic diseases, although the mechanisms and responsible cell types are unclear. We show that Cav-1 expression was downregulated both in alveolar epithelial type I cells in bleomycin-injured mouse lungs and in lung sections from IPF patients. Increased expression of IL-1β and caspase-1 has been observed in IPF patients, indicating inflammasome activation associated with IPF. Gene transfer of a plasmid expressing Cav-1 using transthoracic electroporation reduced infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages and protected from subsequent bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Overexpression of Cav-1 suppressed bleomycin- or silica-induced activation of caspase-1 and maturation of pro-IL-1β to secrete cleaved IL-1β both in mouse lungs and in primary type I cells. These results demonstrate that gene transfer of Cav-1 downregulates inflammasome activity and protects from subsequent bleomycin-mediated pulmonary fibrosis. This indicates a pivotal regulation of Cav-1 in inflammasome activity and suggests a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michael Barravecchia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Patricia Sime
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David A Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mao X, Qiu X, Jiao C, Lu M, Zhao X, Li X, Li J, Ma J, Zhang H. Candida albicans SC5314 inhibits NLRP3/NLRP6 inflammasome expression and dampens human intestinal barrier activity in Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Cytokine 2019; 126:154882. [PMID: 31629100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that colonizes human gastro-intestinal mucosal tissues. Its effect on the immune response in intestinal epithelial cells and on the intestinal mucosal barrier are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated Caco-2 cells, a monolayer model of intestinal epithelial cells, with or without treatment with C. albicans SC5314 (CA) or heat-inactivated CA (CA-inact). RNA sequencing was conducted, and the mRNA and protein levels of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) or NLRP6/ASC/caspase-1 inflammasome signaling pathway components, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-18 [IL-18] and IL-1β), anti-microbial peptides (AMPs; β-defensin-2 [BD-2], BD-3, and LL-37), and tight junction proteins (occludin and zona occludens-1 [ZO-1]) were examined by real-time PCR, western blotting, and/or immunofluorescence microscopy. Lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the Caco-2 cell supernatant were measured by enzyme kinetics analysis. Our results showed that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway participates in the CA- and CA-inact-infected Caco-2 cells, as shown by microarray analysis of total mRNA expression. The expression of NLRP3, NLRP6, ASC, BD-2, BD-3, occludin, and ZO-1 were significantly decreased in Caco-2 cells infected with CA and CA-inact compared to that in the untreated control. IL-1β expression was decreased in the Caco-2 cells in both the CA- and CA-inact-infected groups compared to that in the control. Caspase-1 and IL-18 levels were not markedly affected by CA or CA-inact in Caco-2 cells. Our findings indicate that CA can inhibit the NLRP3 and NLRP6 pathways and dampen human intestinal mucosal barrier activity by decreasing the production of AMPs and tight junction proteins, independent of CA activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqiong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyun Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijiao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Iskandar AR, Zanetti F, Kondylis A, Martin F, Leroy P, Majeed S, Steiner S, Xiang Y, Ortega Torres L, Trivedi K, Guedj E, Merg C, Frentzel S, Ivanov NV, Doshi U, Lee KM, McKinney WJ, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A lower impact of an acute exposure to electronic cigarette aerosols than to cigarette smoke in human organotypic buccal and small airway cultures was demonstrated using systems toxicology assessment. Intern Emerg Med 2019; 14:863-883. [PMID: 30835057 PMCID: PMC6722047 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the context of tobacco harm-reduction strategy, the potential reduced impact of electronic cigarette (EC) exposure should be evaluated relative to the impact of cigarette smoke exposure. We conducted a series of in vitro studies to compare the biological impact of an acute exposure to aerosols of "test mix" (flavors, nicotine, and humectants), "base" (nicotine and humectants), and "carrier" (humectants) formulations using MarkTen® EC devices with the impact of exposure to smoke of 3R4F reference cigarettes, at a matching puff number, using human organotypic air-liquid interface buccal and small airway cultures. We measured the concentrations of nicotine and carbonyls deposited in the exposure chamber after each exposure experiment. The deposited carbonyl concentrations were used as representative measures to assess the reduced exposure to potentially toxic volatile substances. We followed a systems toxicology approach whereby functional biological endpoints, such as histopathology and ciliary beating frequency, were complemented by multiplex and omics assays to measure secreted inflammatory proteins and whole-genome transcriptomes, respectively. Among the endpoints analyzed, the only parameters that showed a significant response to EC exposure were secretion of proteins and whole-genome transcriptomes. Based on the multiplex and omics analyzes, the cellular responses to EC aerosol exposure were tissue type-specific; however, those alterations were much smaller than those following cigarette smoke exposure, even when the EC aerosol exposure under the testing conditions resulted in a deposited nicotine concentration approximately 200 times that in saliva of EC users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita R Iskandar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Filippo Zanetti
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Steiner
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ortega Torres
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Utkarsh Doshi
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | | | | | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao J, Cui JZ, Wang A, Chen HHR, Fong A, Matsubara JA. The reduction of XIAP is associated with inflammasome activation in RPE: implications for AMD pathogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:171. [PMID: 31438981 PMCID: PMC6706877 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial chronic disease of the eye. Several candidate pathways have been hypothesized to play a role in AMD pathogenesis. Our work and those of others suggests inflammasome activity as a mechanism associated with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell demise. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), an anti-apoptosis factor, has recently been shown to regulate inflammasome activity in non-ocular cells. The purpose of this study is to characterize XIAP’s regulatory role in RPE. Methods Protein lysates of eye tissues from rats (vinpocetine- or aurin tricarboxylic acid complex-treated, ATAC, vs naïve) and mice (wild type vs Caspase-4−/−) were utilized to analyze XIAP protein levels. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect NLRP3 levels in the RPE layer. In vitro inflammasome activation on RPE cells was achieved with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-Leu-OMe) stimulation. Levels of XIAP mRNA and 18S RNA were quantified by RT-PCR. Cell culture supernatants were tested directly for secreted IL-1β by ELISA or concentrated for the detection of secreted IL-18 by western blot. Protein lysates from RPE in cell culture were collected for the measurement of cleaved caspase-1 p20, XIAP, and GAPDH. Data are presented as Mean ± SD. p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results The XIAP protein level was significantly increased when the inflammasome was inhibited at the “activation” step by ATAC, but not the “priming” step, in vivo. Concomitantly, NLRP3 immunoreactivity was lower in the RPE layer of animals fed with ATAC. In mice where caspase-1 cleavage was impaired by the genetic deficiency in caspase-4, the XIAP protein level increased in eye tissues. In RPE cell culture, Leu-Leu-OMe stimulation led to caspase-1 cleavage, cytokine secretion, and XIAP reduction, which can be abolished by Z-YVAD-FMK. When XIAP siRNA was given as a pre-treatment to RPE in vitro, Leu-Leu-OMe induced IL-1β/IL-18 secretion was enhanced, whereas overexpressing XIAP reduced IL-1β secretion under inflammasome activation, both compared to controls cells. Conclusions Together, these data suggest XIAP-mediated inhibition of inflammasome activity in RPE may provide insights into the biological consequences of inflammasome activation in RPE and reveals the caspase-1/XIAP/IL-1β/IL-18 axis as a target for broader applications in AMD biology and treatment design. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1558-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Jing Z Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Aikun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Hao Hang Rachel Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Alison Fong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Westreich ST, Ardeshir A, Alkan Z, Kable ME, Korf I, Lemay DG. Fecal metatranscriptomics of macaques with idiopathic chronic diarrhea reveals altered mucin degradation and fucose utilization. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:41. [PMID: 30885266 PMCID: PMC6423747 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among juvenile rhesus macaques. Characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon and repeated bouts of diarrhea, ICD is largely unresponsive to medical interventions, including corticosteroid, antiparasitic, and antibiotic treatments. Although ICD is accompanied by large disruptions in the composition of the commensal gut microbiome, no single pathogen has been concretely identified as responsible for the onset and continuation of the disease. RESULTS Fecal samples were collected from 12 ICD-diagnosed macaques and 12 age- and sex-matched controls. RNA was extracted for metatranscriptomic analysis of organisms and functional annotations associated with the gut microbiome. Bacterial, fungal, archaeal, protozoan, and macaque (host) transcripts were simultaneously assessed. ICD-afflicted animals were characterized by increased expression of host-derived genes involved in inflammation and increased transcripts from bacterial pathogens such as Campylobacter and Helicobacter and the protozoan Trichomonas. Transcripts associated with known mucin-degrading organisms and mucin-degrading enzymes were elevated in the fecal microbiomes of ICD-afflicted animals. Assessment of colon sections using immunohistochemistry and of the host transcriptome suggests differential fucosylation of mucins between control and ICD-afflicted animals. Interrogation of the metatranscriptome for fucose utilization genes reveals possible mechanisms by which opportunists persist in ICD. Bacteroides sp. potentially cross-fed fucose to Haemophilus whereas Campylobacter expressed a mucosa-associated transcriptome with increased expression of adherence genes. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous profiling of bacterial, fungal, archaeal, protozoan, and macaque transcripts from stool samples reveals that ICD of rhesus macaques is associated with increased gene expression by pathogens, increased mucin degradation, and altered fucose utilization. The data suggest that the ICD-afflicted host produces fucosylated mucins that are leveraged by potentially pathogenic microbes as a carbon source or as adhesion sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California USA
| | - Zeynep Alkan
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California USA
| | - Mary E. Kable
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California USA
| | - Ian Korf
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California USA
| | - Danielle G. Lemay
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California USA
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Phosphocholine-Modified Lipooligosaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae Inhibit ATP-Induced IL-1β Release by Pulmonary Epithelial Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081979. [PMID: 30096783 PMCID: PMC6222299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphocholine-modified bacterial cell wall components are virulence factors enabling immune evasion and permanent colonization of the mammalian host, by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that free phosphocholine (PC) and PC-modified lipooligosaccharides (PC-LOS) from Haemophilus influenzae, an opportunistic pathogen of the upper and lower airways, function as unconventional nicotinic agonists and efficiently inhibit the ATP-induced release of monocytic IL-1β. We hypothesize that H. influenzae PC-LOS exert similar effects on pulmonary epithelial cells and on the complex lung tissue. The human lung carcinoma-derived epithelial cell lines A549 and Calu-3 were primed with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli followed by stimulation with ATP in the presence or absence of PC or PC-LOS or LOS devoid of PC. The involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors was tested using specific antagonists. We demonstrate that PC and PC-LOS efficiently inhibit ATP-mediated IL-1β release by A549 and Calu-3 cells via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing subunits α7, α9, and/or α10. Primed precision-cut lung slices behaved similarly. We conclude that H. influenzae hijacked an endogenous anti-inflammatory cholinergic control mechanism of the lung to evade innate immune responses of the host. These findings may pave the way towards a host-centered antibiotic treatment of chronic airway infections with H. influenzae.
Collapse
|
23
|
Mishra SK, Gao YG, Deng Y, Chalfant CE, Hinchcliffe EH, Brown RE. CPTP: A sphingolipid transfer protein that regulates autophagy and inflammasome activation. Autophagy 2018; 14:862-879. [PMID: 29164996 PMCID: PMC6070007 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1393129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The macroautophagy/autophagy and inflammasome pathways are linked through their roles in innate immunity and chronic inflammatory disease. Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production. Whether C1P also regulates autophagy and inflammasome assembly/activation is not known. Here we show that CPTP (a protein that traffics C1P from its site of phosphorylation in the trans-Golgi to target membranes) regulates both autophagy and inflammasome activation. In human epithelial cells, knockdown of CPTP (but not GLTP [glycolipid transfer protein]) or expression of C1P binding-site point mutants, stimulated an 8- to 10-fold increase in autophagosomes and altered endogenous LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 protein expression levels. CPTP depletion-induced autophagy elevated early markers of autophagosome formation (Golgi-derived ATG9A-vesicles, WIPI1), required key phagophore assembly and elongation factors (ATG5, ATG7, ULK1), and suppressed MTOR phosphorylation and that of its downstream target, RPS6KB1/p70S6K. Wild-type CPTP overexpression exerted a protective effect against starvation-induced autophagy. In THP-1 macrophage-like surveillance cells, CPTP knockdown induced not only autophagy but also elevated CASP1/caspase-1 levels, and strongly increased IL1B/interleukin-1β and IL18 release via a NLRP3 (but not NLRC4) inflammasome-based mechanism, while only moderately increasing inflammatory (pyroptotic) cell death. Inflammasome assembly and activation stimulated by CPTP depletion were autophagy dependent. Elevation of intracellular C1P by exogenous C1P treatment (instead of CPTP inhibition) also induced autophagy and IL1B release. Our findings identify human CPTP as an endogenous regulator of early-stage autophagosome assembly and inflammasome-driven, pro-inflammatory cytokine generation and release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN USA
| | - Yibin Deng
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN USA
| | - Charles E. Chalfant
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Consequences of Epithelial Inflammasome Activation by Bacterial Pathogens. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:193-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
25
|
Roscioli E, Tran HB, Jersmann H, Nguyen PT, Hopkins E, Lester S, Farrow N, Zalewski P, Reynolds PN, Hodge S. The uncoupling of autophagy and zinc homeostasis in airway epithelial cells as a fundamental contributor to COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L453-L465. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00083.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper regulation of zinc (Zn) trafficking proteins and the cellular distribution of Zn are critical for the maintenance of autophagic processes. However, there have been no studies that have examined Zn dyshomeostasis and the disease-related modulation of autophagy observed in the airways afflicted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that dysregulated autophagy in airway epithelial cells (AECs) is related to Zn dysregulation in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD. We applied a human ex vivo air-liquid interface model, a murine model of smoke exposure, and human lung tissues and investigated Zn, ZIP1, and ZIP2 Zn-influx proteins, autophagy [microtubule-associated 1A/1B-light chain-3 (LC3), Beclin-1], autophagic flux (Sequestosome), apoptosis [Bcl2; X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP)], and inflammation [thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and IL-1β]. Lung tissues from CS-exposed mice exhibit reduced free-Zn in AECs, with elevated ZIP1 and diminished ZIP2 expression. Interestingly, increased LC3 colocalized with ZIP1, suggesting an autophagic requirement for free-Zn to support its catabolic function. In human AECs, autophagy was initiated but was unable to efficiently degrade cellular debris, as evidenced by stable Beclin-1 and increased LC3-II, but with a concomitant elevation in Sequestosome. Autophagic dysfunction due to CS exposure coupled with Zn depletion also induced apoptosis, with the reduction of antiapoptotic and antiautophagic proteins Bcl2 and XIAP and PARP cleavage. This was accompanied by an increase in RANTES and TSLP, an activator of adaptive immunity. We conclude that the uncoupling of Zn trafficking and autophagy in AECs constitutes a fundamental disease-related mechanism for COPD pathogenesis and could provide a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Roscioli
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hai B. Tran
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Phan T. Nguyen
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Hopkins
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Lester
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel Farrow
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Zalewski
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cardiology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuri P, Schieber NL, Thumberger T, Wittbrodt J, Schwab Y, Leptin M. Dynamics of in vivo ASC speck formation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2891-2909. [PMID: 28701426 PMCID: PMC5584180 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201703103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome adaptor ASC forms enormous intracellular complexes called specks. Live imaging of endogenous ASC in keratinocytes reveals speck formation dynamics and their lethal effects, as well as macrophages’ engulfment and digestion of the specks left behind by dead cells. Activated danger or pathogen sensors trigger assembly of the inflammasome adaptor ASC into specks, large signaling platforms considered hallmarks of inflammasome activation. Because a lack of in vivo tools has prevented the study of endogenous ASC dynamics, we generated a live ASC reporter through CRISPR/Cas9 tagging of the endogenous gene in zebrafish. We see strong ASC expression in the skin and other epithelia that act as barriers to insult. A toxic stimulus triggered speck formation and rapid pyroptosis in keratinocytes in vivo. Macrophages engulfed and digested that speck-containing, pyroptotic debris. A three-dimensional, ultrastructural reconstruction, based on correlative light and electron microscopy of the in vivo assembled specks revealed a compact network of highly intercrossed filaments, whereas pyrin domain (PYD) or caspase activation and recruitment domain alone formed filamentous aggregates. The effector caspase is recruited through PYD, whose overexpression induced pyroptosis but only after substantial delay. Therefore, formation of a single, compact speck and rapid cell-death induction in vivo requires a full-length ASC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Kuri
- Directors' Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Schieber
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Leptin
- Directors' Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany .,Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Organization, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee E, Kim HJ, Lee M, Jin SH, Hong SH, Ahn S, Kim SO, Shin DW, Lee ST, Noh M. Cystathionine metabolic enzymes play a role in the inflammation resolution of human keratinocytes in response to sub-cytotoxic formaldehyde exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:185-194. [PMID: 27664576 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-level formaldehyde exposure is inevitable in industrialized countries. Although daily-life formaldehyde exposure level is practically impossible to induce cell death, most of mechanistic studies related to formaldehyde toxicity have been performed in cytotoxic concentrations enough to trigger cell death mechanism. Currently, toxicological mechanisms underlying the sub-cytotoxic exposure to formaldehyde are not clearly elucidated in skin cells. In this study, the genome-scale transcriptional analysis in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) was performed to investigate cutaneous biological pathways associated with daily life formaldehyde exposure. We selected the 175 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 116 downregulated DEGs in NHKs treated with 200μM formaldehyde. In the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the 175 upregulated DEGs, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR) was identified as the most significant GO biological process in the formaldeyde-treated NHKs. Interestingly, the sub-cytotoxic formaldehyde affected NHKs to upregulate two enzymes important in the cellular transsulfuration pathway, cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS). In the temporal expression analysis, the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory DEGs such as MMP1 and PTGS2 was detected earlier than that of CTH, CBS and other ER UPR genes. The metabolites of CTH and CBS, l-cystathionine and l-cysteine, attenuated the formaldehyde-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory DEGs, MMP1, PTGS2, and CXCL8, suggesting that CTH and CBS play a role in the negative feedback regulation of formaldehyde-induced pro-inflammatory responses in NHKs. In this regard, the sub-cytotoxic formaldehyde-induced CBS and CTH may regulate inflammation fate decision to resolution by suppressing the early pro-inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeounggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae On Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeounggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|