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Kim JW, Kim JH, Kim CY, Jeong JS, Ko JW, Kim TW. Korean Red Ginseng suppresses emphysematous lesions induced by cigarette smoke condensate through inhibition of macrophage-driven apoptosis pathways. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:181-189. [PMID: 38465217 PMCID: PMC10920012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke is generally accepted as a major contributor to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by emphysematous lesions. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced emphysema. Methods Mice were instilled with 50 mg/kg of CSC intranasally once a week for 4 weeks, KRG was administered to the mice once daily for 4 weeks at doses of 100 or 300 mg/kg, and dexamethasone (DEX, positive control) was administered to the mice once daily for 2 weeks at 3 mg/kg. Results KRG markedly decreased the macrophage population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced emphysematous lesions in the lung tissues. KRG suppressed CSC-induced apoptosis as revealed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining and Caspase 3 immunohistochemistry. Additionally, KRG effectively inhibited CSC-mediated activation of Bcl-2-associated X protein/Caspase 3 signaling, followed by the induction of cell survival signaling, including vascular endothelial growth factor/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B in vivo and in vitro. The DEX group also showed similar improved results in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Taken together, KRG effectively inhibits macrophage-mediated emphysema induced by CSC exposure, possibly via the suppression of pro-apoptotic signaling, which results in cell survival pathway activation. These findings suggest that KRG has therapeutic potential for the prevention of emphysema in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Dong H, Qu H, Cheng W, Chen H, Gu Y, Jiang H, Xue X, Hu R. Biomimetic Lung-Targeting Nanoparticles with Antioxidative and Nrf2 Activating Properties for Treating Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lung Injury. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2131-2141. [PMID: 38227823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has a high mortality rate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in causing cellular damage and death in IR-induced ALI. In this work, we developed a biomimetic lung-targeting nanoparticle (PC@MB) as an antioxidative lung protector for treating IR-induced ALI. PC@MBs showed excellent ROS scavenging and Nrf2 activation properties, along with a lung-targeting function through autologous cell membrane coating. The PC@MBs exhibited an impressive antioxidative and pulmonary protective role via redox homeostasis recovery through Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 activation. PC@MBs could maintain cell viability by effectively scavenging the intracellular ROS and restoring the redox equilibrium in the lesion. In the IR mouse model, the PC@MBs preferentially accumulated in the lung and distinctly repaired the pneumonic damage. Our strategy has the potential to offer a promising therapeutic paradigm for treating IR-induced ALI through the incorporation of different therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Haijing Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Han Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunfan Gu
- Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Zhang R, Guan S, Meng Z, Zhang D, Lu J. Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates 3-MCPD-induced renal cell pyroptosis by activating mitophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114522. [PMID: 38373586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 (Gs-Rb1) is among the most significant effective pharmacological components in ginseng. 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), a chloropropanol-like contaminant, is produced in the production of refined oils and thermal processing of food. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death triggered by inflammasomes. Excessive pyroptosis causes kidney injury and inflammation. Previous studies have revealed that 3-MCPD induced pyroptosis in mice and NRK-52E cells. In the present study, we find that Gs-Rb1 attenuates 3-MCPD-induced renal cell pyroptosis by assaying GSDMD-N, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β in mice and NRK-52E cells. In further mechanistic studies, we show that Gs-Rb1 removes damaged mitochondria via mitophagy and reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, therefore alleviating 3-MCPD-induced NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation and pyroptosis. The above results are further validated by the addition of autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) and mitophagy inhibitor Cyclosporin A (CsA). Afterward, we explore how Gs-Rb1 activated mitophagy in vitro. We determine that Gs-Rb1 enhances the protein expression and nuclear translocation of Transcription factor EB (TFEB). However, silencing of the TFEB gene by small interfering RNA technology reverses the role of Gs-Rb1 in activating mitophagy. Therefore, we conclude that 3-MCPD damages mitochondria and leads to ROS accumulation, which causes NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis in ICR mice and NRK-52E cells, while Gs-Rb1 mitigates this phenomenon via the TFEB-mitophagy pathway. Our findings may provide new insights for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which Gs-Rb1 mitigates renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqun Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Song Z, Liu Q, Fan D, Song X. Ginsenosides: a potential natural medicine to protect the lungs from lung cancer and inflammatory lung disease. Food Funct 2023; 14:9137-9166. [PMID: 37801293 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the malignancy with the highest morbidity and mortality. Additionally, pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), also have high mortality rates and can promote the development and progression of lung cancer. Unfortunately, available treatments for them are limited, so it is critical to search for effective drugs and treatment strategies to protect the lungs. Ginsenosides, the main active components of ginseng, have been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we focus on the beneficial effects of ginsenosides on lung diseases and their molecular mechanisms. Firstly, the molecular mechanism of ginsenosides against lung cancer was summarized in detail, mainly from the points of view of proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and immunity. In in vivo and in vitro lung cancer models, ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2 and CK were reported to have strong anti-lung cancer effects. Then, in the models of pneumonia and acute lung injury, the protective effect of Rb1 was particularly remarkable, followed by Rg3 and Rg1, and its molecular mechanism was mainly associated with targeting NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, ginsenosides may also have a potential health-promoting effect in the improvement of COPD, asthma and PF. Furthermore, to overcome the low bioavailability of CK and Rh2, the development of nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and other nanomedicine delivery systems can significantly improve the efficacy of targeted lung cancer treatment. To conclude, ginsenosides can be used as both anti-lung cancer and lung protective agents or adjuvants and have great potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Zhimin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Qingchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotechnology & Biomedicine Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Li G, Wang X, Luo L, Zhang H, Song X, Zhang J, Liu D. Identification of chemical constituents of Qingjin Yiqi granules and comparative study on pharmacokinetics of 23 main bioactive components in normal and Lung-Qi deficiency rats by UPLC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123802. [PMID: 37385125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Qingjin Yiqi granules (QJYQ granules) are hospital preparations derived from ancient prescriptions under the guidance of academician Zhang Boli; they have the effect of invigorating qi and nourishing yin, strengthening the spleen and harmonizing the middle, clearing heat, and drying dampness, and are mainly used for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the recovery period. However, their chemical constituents and pharmacokinetic characteristics in vivo have not been systematically investigated. In this study, 110 chemical constituents of QJYQ granules were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and a fast and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the target analytes. A rat model of lung-qi deficiency was established by subjecting mice to passive smoking combined with cold baths, and 23 main bioactive components of QJYQ granules were analyzed in normal and model rats after oral administration. The results showed that, compared to the normal group, there were significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of baicalin, schisandrin, ginsenoside Rb1, naringin, hesperidin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid, and hastatoside in the model rats (P < 0.05), indicating that the in vivo processes of the above components changed under pathological conditions, suggesting that they may have pharmacological effects as active components. This study has helped identify QJYQ particulate substances and further supports their clinical application..
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinbo Song
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China.
| | - Dailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China.
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Lu W, Lin Y, Haider N, Moly P, Wang L, Zhou W. Ginsenoside Rb1 protects human vascular smooth muscle cells against resistin-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1164547. [PMID: 37304947 PMCID: PMC10248054 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1164547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin has been shown to play a key role in inducing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) malfunction in the atherosclerosis progression. Ginsenoside Rb1 is the main component of ginseng, which has been used for thousands of years and has been reported to have a powerful vascular protective effect. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of Rb1 on VSMCs dysfunction induced by resistin. In the presence or absence of Rb1, human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) were treated at different time points with or without 40 ng/ml resistin and acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acetylated LDL). Cell migration and proliferation were analyzed using wound healing test and CellTiter Aqueous Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) test, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFDA as a dye probe) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured by a microplate reader and the differences between groups were compared. Rb1 significantly reduced resistin-induced HCASMC proliferation. Resistin increased HCASMC migration time-dependently. At 20 µM, Rb1 could significantly reduce HCASMC migration. Resistin and Act-LDL increased ROS production to a similar level in HCASMCs, while Rb1 pretreated group reversed the effects of resistin and acetyl-LDL. Besides, the mitochondrial SOD activity was significantly reduced by resistin but was restored when pretreated with Rb1. We confirmed the protection of Rb1 on HCASMC and suggested that the mechanisms involved might be related to the reduction of ROS generation and increased activity of SOD. Our study clarified the potential clinical applications of Rb1 in the control of resistin-related vascular injury and in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nezam Haider
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pricila Moly
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Recent advances in ginsenosides against respiratory diseases: Therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114096. [PMID: 36502752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases mainly include asthma, influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer. Given their high prevalence and poor prognosis, the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are increasingly essential. In particular, the development for the novel strategies of drug treatment has been a hot topic in the research field. Ginsenosides are the major component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng), a food homology and well-known medicinal herb. In this review, we summarize the current therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides in respiratory diseases. METHODS The reviewed studies were retrieved via a thorough analysis of numerous articles using electronic search tools including Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. The following keywords were used for the online search: ginsenosides, asthma, influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and clinical trials. We summarized the findings and the conclusions from 176 manuscripts on ginsenosides, including research articles and reviews. RESULTS Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, and CK, which are the most commonly reported ginsenosides for treating of respiratory diseases, and other ginsenosides such as Rh1, Rk1, Rg5, Rd and Re, all primarily reduce pneumonia, fibrosis, and inhibit tumor progression by targeting NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JNK pathways, thereby ameliorating respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION This review provides novel ideas and important aspects for the future research of ginsenosides for treating respiratory diseases.
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Su H, Tian CJ, Wang Y, Shi J, Chen X, Zhen Z, Bai Y, Deng L, Feng C, Ma Z, Liu J. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces oxidative/carbonyl stress damage and ameliorates inflammation in the lung of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2229-2236. [PMID: 36367996 PMCID: PMC9662009 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2140168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a biologically active component of ginseng [Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae)]. OBJECTIVE This study determined the underlying mechanisms of Rb1 treatment that acted on diabetes-injured lungs in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model was used. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): control, Rb1 (20 mg/kg), insulin (15 U/kg to attain the euglycaemic state) and diabetic (untreated). After treatment for six weeks, oxidative stress assay; histological and ultrastructure analyses; TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1 and IL-6 protein expression analyses; and the detection of apoptosis were performed. RESULTS There was decreased activity of SOD (3.53-fold), CAT (2.55-fold) and GSH (1.63-fold) and increased levels of NO (4.47-fold) and MDA (3.86-fold) in the diabetic group from control. Rb1 treatment increased SOD (2.4-fold), CAT (1.9-fold) and GSH (1.29-fold) and decreased the levels of NO (1.76-fold) and MDA (1.51-fold) as compared with diabetic rats. The expression of IL-6 (5.13-fold), IL-1α (2.35-fold), TNF-α (2.35-fold) and TGF-β (2.39-fold) was increased in diabetic rats from control. IL-6 (2.43-fold), IL-1α (2.27-fold), TNF-α (1.68-fold) and TGF-β (2.3-fold) were decreased in the Rb1 treatment group. Diabetes increased the apoptosis rate (2.23-fold vs. control), and Rb1 treatment decreased the apoptosis rate (1.73-fold vs. the diabetic rats). Rb1 and insulin ameliorated lung tissue injury. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Rb1 could be useful for mitigating oxidative damage and inflammatory infiltration in the diabetic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ju Tian
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Shi
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Bai
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lan Deng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunpeng Feng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (Nrf2) in the Recovery of Long COVID-19 Using Natural Antioxidants: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081551. [PMID: 36009268 PMCID: PMC9405009 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with approximately 517 million confirmed cases, with the average number of cases revealing that patients recover immediately without hospitalization. However, several other cases found that patients still experience various symptoms after 3–12 weeks, which is known as a long COVID syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can activate nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and unbind the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), causing inhibition of Nrf2, which has an important role in antioxidant response and redox homeostasis. Disrupting the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway enhances Nrf2 activity, and has been identified as a vital approach for the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, natural antioxidants from various sources have been identified as a promising strategy to prevent oxidative stress, which plays a role in reducing the long COVID-19 symptoms. Oxygen-rich natural antioxidant compounds provide an effective Nrf2 activation effect that interact with the conserved amino acid residues in the Keap1-binding pocket, such as Ser602, Ser363, Ser508, and Ser555. In this review, the benefits of various natural antioxidant compounds that can modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which is critical in reducing and curing long COVID-19, are highlighted and discussed.
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He Y, Hu C, Liu S, Xu M, Liang G, Du D, Liu T, Cai F, Chen Z, Tan Q, Deng L, Xia Q. Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Shenmai Injection in Treating Acute Pancreatitis: Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Verification. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2479-2495. [PMID: 35941928 PMCID: PMC9356589 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s364352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas without specific treatment. Shenmai injection (SMI) was reported to eliminate the severity of experimental AP. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the synergistic protective effects of SMI on AP based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking based on identified components were performed to construct the potential therapeutic targets and pathways. The principal components of SMI were detected via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). Effect of SMI and the identified components on cellular injury and IL6/STAT3 signaling was assessed on mouse pancreatic acinar cell line 266–6 cells. Finally, 4% sodium taurocholate (NaT) was used to induce AP model to assess the effects of SMI in treating AP and validate the potential molecular mechanisms. Results By searching the TCMSP and ETCM databases, 119 candidate components of SMI were obtained. UHPLC-QTOF/MS analysis successfully determined the representative components of SMI: ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, and ophiopogonin D. Fifteen hub targets and eight related pathways were obtained to establish the main pharmacology network. Subnetwork analysis and molecular docking indicated that the effects of these four main SMI components were mostly related to the interleukin (IL) 6/STAT3 pathway. In vitro, SMI, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, and ophiopogonin D increased the cell viability of NaT-stimulated mouse pancreatic acinar 266–6 cells and decreased IL6 and STAT3 expression. In vivo, 10 mL/kg SMI significantly alleviated the pancreatic histopathological changes and the expression of IL6 and STAT3 in the AP mice. Conclusion This study demonstrated SMI may exert anti-inflammatory effects against AP by suppressing IL6/STAT3 activation, thus providing a basis for its potential use in clinical practice and further study in treating AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu He
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Liang
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Du
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cai
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyao Chen
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Tan
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihui Deng
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lihui Deng, Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Qing Xia
- Pancreatitis Centre, Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Oxidative Stress and Ginsenosides: An Update on the Molecular Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9299574. [PMID: 35498130 PMCID: PMC9045968 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9299574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a class of active components extracted from ginseng plants (such as Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng). Ginsenosides have significant protective effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and immune system, so they have been widely used in the treatment of related diseases. Entry of a variety of endogenous or exogenous harmful substances into the body can lead to an imbalance between the antioxidant defense system and reactive oxygen species, thus producing toxic effects on a variety of tissues and cells. In addition, oxidative stress can alter multiple signaling pathways, including the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB pathways. With the deepening of research in this field, various ginsenoside monomers have been reported to exert antioxidant effects through multiple signaling pathways and thus have good application prospects. This article summarized the research advancements regarding the antioxidative effects and related mechanisms of ginsenosides, providing a theoretical basis for experimental research on and clinical treatment with ginsenosides.
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12
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Choi JH, Lee YH, Kwon TW, Ko SG, Nah SY, Cho IH. Can Panax ginseng help control cytokine storm in COVID-19? J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:337-347. [PMID: 35233163 PMCID: PMC8876050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 are directly associated with hyper-activation of innate immune response that excessively produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce cytokine storm, leading to multi-organ-failure and significant morbidity/mortality. Currently, several antiviral drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) and molnupiravir are authorized to treat mild to moderate COVID-19, however, there are still no drugs that can specifically fight against challenges of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant widely used for treating various conditions, might be appropriate for this need due to its anti-inflammatory/cytokine/viral activities, fewer side effects, and cost efficiency. To review Panax ginseng and its pharmacologically active-ingredients as potential phytopharmaceuticals for treating cytokine storm of COVID-19, articles that reporting its positive effects on the cytokine production were searched from academic databases. Experimental/clinical evidences for the effectiveness of Panax ginseng and its active-ingredients in preventing or mitigating cytokine storm, especially for the cascade of cytokine storm, suggest that they might be beneficial as an adjunct treatment for cytokine storm of COVID-19. This review may provide a new approach to discover specific medications using Panax ginseng to control cytokine storm of COVID-19.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Yaribeygi H, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The Effects of Ginsenosides on the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:307-322. [PMID: 34981486 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major signaling pathway for the maintenance of homeostasis and redox balance. This pathway also plays a significant role in proteostasis, xenobiotic/drug metabolism, apoptosis, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Conversely, the Nrf2 signaling pathway is impaired in several pathological conditions including cancer. Although various drugs have been developed to target the Nrf2 pathway, plant-derived chemicals than can potentially impact this pathway and are particularly attractive due to their minimal side effects. Ginsenosides are active components of ginseng and have been shown to exert pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetes, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. In this article, we have reviewed the effects of ginsenosides on Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Xie W, Wang X, Xiao T, Cao Y, Wu Y, Yang D, Zhang S. Protective Effects and Network Analysis of Ginsenoside Rb1 Against Cerebral Ischemia Injury: A Pharmacological Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:604811. [PMID: 34276353 PMCID: PMC8283782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.604811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Currently, only a limited number of drugs are available for treating ischemic stroke. Hence, studies aiming to explore and develop other potential strategies and agents for preventing and treating ischemic stroke are urgently needed. Ginseng Rb1 (GRb1), a saponin from natural active ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exerts neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system (CNS). We conducted this review to explore and summarize the protective effects and mechanisms of GRb1 on cerebral ischemic injury, providing a valuable reference and insights for developing new agents to treat ischemic stroke. Our summarized results indicate that GRb1 exerts significant neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemic injury both in vivo and in vitro, and these network actions and underlying mechanisms are mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities and involve the inhibition of excitotoxicity and Ca2+ influx, preservation of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and maintenance of energy metabolism. These findings indicate the potential of GRb1 as a candidate drug for treating ischemic stroke. Further studies, in particular clinical trials, will be important to confirm its therapeutic value in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianbao Xiao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wei E, Fang X, Jia P, Li M, Jin P, Li F, Wang H, Gao D. Ginsenoside Rb1 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Injury by Downregulating miR-222 in WI-38 Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211002787. [PMID: 33900120 PMCID: PMC8085372 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211002787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a serious respiratory tract infection disease in children, which threatens to the health or life of children patients. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a principle active ingredient extracted from the root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen with anti-inflammatory effect. Our study aimed to determine the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rb1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury of lung fibroblasts WI-38 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The production of inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA and RT-qPCR. miR-222 expression was examined by RT-qPCR. The expression levels of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and phosphorylated p65 were detected by western blot. We found that LPS stimulation induced WI-38 cell inflammatory injury by inhibiting cell viability, and inducing apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production, while treatment with Rb1 significantly attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory injury in WI-38 cells. Additionally, Rb1 decreased LPS-induced upregulation of miR-222 and activation of the NF-κB pathway in WI-38 cells. Overexpression of miR-222 abolished the inhibitory effects of Rb1 on LPS-induced viability reduction, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine production and activation of the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, Rb1 alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory injury in WI-38 cells via downregulating miR-222 and inactivation of the NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhu Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peisheng Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peina Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaili Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Li X, Xia WY, Jiang F, Liu DY, Lei SQ, Xia ZY, Wu QP. Review of the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1499-1512. [PMID: 33728294 PMCID: PMC7942044 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which has lasted for nearly a year, has made people deeply aware of the strong transmissibility and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 since its outbreak in December 2019. By December 2020, SARS-CoV-2 had infected over 65 million people globally, resulting in more than 1 million deaths. At present, the exact animal origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear and antiviral vaccines are now undergoing clinical trials. Although the social order of human life is gradually returning to normal, new confirmed cases continue to appear worldwide, and the majority of cases are sporadic due to environmental factors and lax self-protective consciousness. This article provides the latest understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors of nosocomial and community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as well as strategies to diminish the risk of transmission. We believe that our review will help the public correctly understand and cope with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Yi Xia
- Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan 60-781, Poland
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan-Yong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shao-Qing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing-Ping Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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17
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Peter AE, Sandeep BV, Rao BG, Kalpana VL. Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:583777. [PMID: 33708109 PMCID: PMC7941276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a well coordinated immune response and recover, others display a dysfunctional immune response leading to serious complications including ARDS, sepsis, MOF; associated with morbidity and mortality. Studies revealed that in patients with a dysfunctional immune response, there is a massive cytokine and chemokine release, referred to as the ‘cytokine storm’. As a result, such patients exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory/modulatory cytokines and chemokines like TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCSF, HGF and chemokines CXCL8, MCP1, IP10, MIP1α and MIP1β. Targeting this cytokine storm is a novel, promising treatment strategy to alleviate this excess influx of cytokines observed at the site of infection and their subsequent disastrous consequences. Natural immunosuppressant compounds, derived from plant sources like curcumin, luteolin, piperine, resveratrol are known to inhibit the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This inhibitory effect is mediated by altering signal pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK that are involved in the production and release of cytokines and chemokines. The use of these natural immunosuppressants as adjuvants to ameliorate the cytokine storm; in combination with antiviral agents and other treatment drugs currently in use presents a novel, synergistic approach for the treatment and effective cure of COVID-19. This review briefly describes the immunopathogenesis of the cytokine storm observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and details some natural immunosuppressants that can be used as adjuvants in treating COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Peter
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - B V Sandeep
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - B Ganga Rao
- Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - V Lakshmi Kalpana
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
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18
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Jia W, Wang W, Li R, Zhou Q, Qu Y, Jia Y, Zhang Z, Wan C, Zhang W. Effect of Qinbai Qingfei Concentrated Pellets on substance P and neutral endopeptidase of rats with post-infectious cough. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:289. [PMID: 32962697 PMCID: PMC7507634 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, it has been reported that Qinbai Qingfei Concentrated Pellet (QQCP) has the effect of relieving cough and reducing sputum. However, the therapeutic potentials of QQCP on post-infectious cough (PIC) rat models has not been elucidated. So the current study was aimed to scientifically validate the efficacy of QQCP in post infectious cough. Methods All rats were exposed to sawdust and cigarette smokes for 10 days, and intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsaicin aerosols. Rats were treated with QQCP at dose of 80, 160, 320 mg/kg. Cough frequency was monitored twice a day for 10 days after drug administration. Inflammatory cell infiltration was determined by ELISA. Meanwhile, the histopathology of lung tissue and bronchus in rats were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E). Neurogenetic inflammation were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Results QQCP dose-dependently decreased the cough frequency and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, but exerted the opposite effects on the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 in BALF and serum of PIC rats. The oxidative burden was effectively ameliorated in QQCP-treated PIC rats as there were declines in Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increases in Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the serum and lung tissue. In addition, QQCP blocked inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung as evidenced by the reduced number of total leukocytes and the portion of neutrophils in the broncho - alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as the alleviated lung damage. Furthermore, QQCP considerable reversed the neurogenetic inflammation caused by PIC through elevating neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity and reducing Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) expression in BALF, serum and lung tissue. Conclusions Our study indicated that QQCP demonstrated a protective role of PIC and may be a potential therapeutic target of PIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Jia
- Department of Emergency, Nangang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Nangang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Emergency, Nangang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Nangang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150036, China.
| | - Yumei Jia
- The First Arrached Hostopal of Hebei Norruers Institlte, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Nangang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chengwei Wan
- Gushi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gushi, 465200, China
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Nangang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
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19
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Wang F, Huang S, Xia H, Yao S. Specialized pro-resolving mediators: It's anti-oxidant stress role in multiple disease models. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:40-45. [PMID: 32750537 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-related injury is a negative state caused by the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant effects in the internal environment of the body. Oxidative stress has been confirmed to be an important factor in aging and a variety of diseases and the inhibition of inappropriate oxidative stress responses are important for maintaining normal physiological functions. Recently, considerable attention has been focused on specialized pro-resolving mediators(SPMs). SPMs are endogenous mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have multiple protective effects such as anti-inflammation, pro-resolution, and promoting tissue damage repair, etc. Moreover, the role of SPMs on oxidative stress has been extensively researched and provides a possible treatment method. In the current study, we review the positive role of SPMs in oxidative stress-related disease and outline the possible involved mechanism, thus providing the theoretical support for a better understanding of the roles of SPMs in oxidative stress and the theoretical basis for finding targets for the oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haifa Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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20
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Chen R, Zeng Z, Zhang YY, Cao C, Liu HM, Li W, Wu Y, Xia ZY, Ma D, Meng QT. Ischemic postconditioning attenuates acute kidney injury following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion through Nrf2-regulated autophagy, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:8887-8901. [PMID: 32519766 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000274r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) often occurs during and following major cardiovascular or gut surgery and causes significant organ including kidney injuries. This study was to investigate the protective effect of intestinal ischemic postconditioning (IPo) on IIR-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and the underling cellular signaling mechanisms with focus on the Nrf2/HO-1. Adult C57BL/6J mice were subjected to IIR with or without IPo. IIR was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 45 minutes followed by 120 minutes reperfusion. Outcome measures were: (i) Intestinal and renal histopathology; (ii) Renal function; (iii) Cellular signaling changes; (iv) Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. IPo significantly attenuated IIR-induced kidney injury. Furthermore, IPo significantly increased both nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in the kidney, upregulated autophagic flux, inhibited IIR-induced inflammation and reduced oxidative stress. The protective effect of IPo was abolished by the administration of Nrf2 inhibitor (Brusatol) or Nrf2 siRNA. Conversely, a Nrf2 activator t-BHQ has a similar protective effect to that of IPo. Our data indicate that IPo protects the kidney injury induced by IIR, which was likely mediated through the Nrf2/HO-1 cellular signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The 3rd Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Wu G, Guo S, Liu Y, Liu Z. Effects of tristetraprolin on doxorubicin (adriamycin)-induced experimental kidney injury through inhibiting IL-13/STAT6 signal pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1203-1221. [PMID: 32355536 PMCID: PMC7191163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of Tristetraprolin (TTP) on Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced experimental kidney injury (KI). DOX was used to induce kidney injury in Balb/c male mice (in vivo) and in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) and normal rat kidney epithelial cell line (NRK-52E) (in vitro). Body weight of experimental mice were recorded daily. Histological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and serum cystatin C in KI mice, and MDA, LDH and SOD in cells were detected using the corresponding kits. Meanwhile, the 2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) fluorescent staining was used to assess intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). TTP and Kim-1 expressions were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were evaluated by ELISA. Expressions of IL-13, STAT6, p-STAT6, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase3 were detected using western blot, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was conducted for analyzing cell viability, and cells apoptosis were assessed by DAPI staining and flow cytometry. DOX treatment decreased body weight and aggravated renal injury without changes in water and food intake. DOX significantly reduced TTP expression, stimulated IL-13/STAT6 pathway and elevated the levels of several factors related to renal injury, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, which were significantly restored by the treatment of overexpression TTP in vitro. Overexpression of TTP significantly reduces DOX-induced adverse outcomes so as to prevent renal injury. Inhibition of IL-13/STAT6 pathway may be the functional mechanism under TTP in experimental KI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ge Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, P. R. China
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22
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Shaukat A, Yang C, Yang Y, Guo YF, Jiang K, Guo S, Liu J, Zhang T, Zhao G, Ma X, Wu Z, Zhou Q, Akhtar M, Zahoor A, Umar T, Shaukat I, Hanif S, Rajput SA, Hassan M, Mehmood K, Hua Z, Xiaoyan W, Nannan Y, Deng G. Ginsenoside Rb 1: A novel therapeutic agent in Staphylococcusaureus-induced Acute Lung Injury with special reference to Oxidative stress and Apoptosis. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104109. [PMID: 32171710 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is considered as an uncontrolled inflammatory response that can leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which limits the therapeutic strategies. Ginsenosides Rb1 (Rb1), an active ingredient obtained from Panax ginseng, possesses a broad range of pharmacological and medicinal properties, comprising the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Rb1 against S. aureus-induced (ALI) through regulation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways in mice (in-vivo), and RAW264.7 cells (in-vitro). For that purpose, forty Kunming mice were randomly assigned into four treatment groups; (1) Control group (phosphate buffer saline (PBS); (2) S. aureus group; (3) S. aureus + Rb1 (20 mg/kg) group; and (4) Rb1 (20 mg/kg) group. The 20 μg/mL dose of Rb1 was used in RAW264.7 cells. In the present study, we found that Rb1 treatment reduced ALI-induced oxidative stress via suppressing the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and increase the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxidase dismutase 1 (SOD1), Catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1). Similarly, Rb1 markedly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant genes (SOD1, CAT and Gpx1) in comparison with ALI group. The histopathological results showed that Rb1 treatment ameliorated ALI-induced hemorrhages, hyperemia, perivascular edema and neutrophilic infiltration in the lungs of mice. Furthermore, Rb1 enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings showed that Rb1 treated group significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream associated genes down-regulated by ALI in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, ALI significantly increased the both mRNA and protein expression of mitochondrial-apoptosis-related genes (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c and p53), while decreased the Bcl-2. In addition, Rb1 therapy significantly reversed the mRNA and protein expression of these mitochondrial-apoptosis-related genes, as compared to the ALI group in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, Rb1 alleviates ALI-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis by modulating the Nrf2 and mitochondrial signaling pathways in the lungs of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Shaukat
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Fang Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Arshad Zahoor
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Talha Umar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Mubashar Hassan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Hua
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiaoyan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Nannan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Baicalin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the activation of the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1421-1433. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Yao FD, Yang JQ, Huang YC, Luo MP, Yang WJ, Zhang B, Liu XJ. Antinociceptive effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3859-3866. [PMID: 30988771 PMCID: PMC6447891 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is a major ingredient of ginseng, a traditional medicine that has been used for thousands of years. Previous studies have reported that GRb1 had anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The current study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of GRb1 in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) established by intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of GRb1 (5 and 10 mg/kg, but not 1 mg/kg) partially and transiently reversed the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CIBP rats at 14 days following surgery when the pain behavior is established. Furthermore, repeated administration of GRb1 demonstrated persistent analgesic effect. Additionally, the protein expression and immunoreactivity of iba1, which is the maker of microglia, was significantly suppressed in CIBP rats treated with GRb1 (i.p., 10 mg/kg) from day 12 for three consecutive days compared with CIBP rats treated with a vehicle. Furthermore, upregulation of spinal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were also significantly inhibited by the treatment of GRb1 (i.p., 10 mg/kg) from day 12 for three consecutive days. Together, these results indicated that GRb1 may attenuate CIBP via inhibiting the activation of microglia and glial-derived proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Dong Yao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Qi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Chi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Peng Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation and Pain, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Xia-Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
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25
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Chen S, Li X, Wang Y, Mu P, Chen C, Huang P, Liu D. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion‑induced inflammation and oxidative stress via activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3633-3641. [PMID: 30864725 PMCID: PMC6471656 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), one of the major active saponins isolated from ginseng, has recently been reported to protect various organs against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury; however, the mechanisms underlying these protective effects following intestinal IR (IIR) remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of GRb1 on IIR injury and determine the mechanisms involved in these effects. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 75 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. GRb1 (15 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 1 h prior to the induction of IIR, with or without intravenous administration of Wortmannin [WM; a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, 0.6 mg/kg]. The degree of intestinal injury and oxidative stress-induced damage was determined by histopathologic evaluation and measurement of the serum activity levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase and endotoxin, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). The protein expression levels of p85, phosphorylated (p)-p85, protein kinase B (Akt), p-Akt and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined via western blotting, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured via ELISA. It was revealed that IIR led to severe intestinal injury (as determined by significant increases in intestinal Chiu scores), which was accompanied with disruptions in the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. IIR also increased the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α in the intestine, and decreased those of SOD. GRb1 reduced intestinal histological injury, and suppressed inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Additionally, the protective effects of GRb1 were eliminated by WM. These findings indicated that GRb1 may ameliorate IIR injury by activating the PI3K/protein kinase B/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Panwei Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Chaojin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Pinjie Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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26
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Chen FZ, Zhao Y, Chen HZ. MicroRNA-98 reduces amyloid β-protein production and improves oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction through the Notch signaling pathway via HEY2 in Alzheimer's disease mice. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:91-102. [PMID: 30365070 PMCID: PMC6257854 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that often occurs at a slow pace yet deteriorates with time. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to offer novel therapeutic hope for disease treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of miR‑98 on amyloid β (Aβ)‑protein production, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction through the Notch signaling pathway by targeting hairy and enhancer of split (Hes)‑related with YRPW motif protein 2 (HEY2) in mice with AD. A total of 70 Kunming mice were obtained and subjected to behavioral assessment. The levels of oxidative stress‑related proteins glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, acetylcholinesterase and Na+‑K+‑ATP were measured. Morphological changes in brain tissue, HEY2‑positivity levels, neuronal apoptotic index (AI) and neuron mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels were also determined. Subsequently, the levels of miR‑98 and the mRNA and protein levels of HEY2, Jagged1, Notch1, Hes1, Hes5, β‑amyloid precursor protein, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein in tissues and hippocampal neurons were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Finally, hippocampal neuron viability and apoptosis were determined using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The levels of miR‑98‑targeted HEY2 and miR‑98 were low and the levels of HEY2 were high in the AD mice. The AD mice exhibited poorer learning and memory abilities, oxidative stress function, and morphological changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, the AD mice exhibited increased protein levels of HEY2 and AI in the CA1 region of brain tissues with reduced mtDNA levels and dysfunctional neuronal mitochondria. miR‑98 suppressed hippocampal neuron apoptosis and promoted hippocampal neuron viability by inactivating the Notch signaling pathway via the inhibition of HEY2. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that miR‑98 reduced the production of Aβ and improved oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction through activation of the Notch signaling pathway by binding to HEY2 in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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27
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Fan J, Lv H, Li J, Che Y, Xu B, Tao Z, Jiang W. Roles of Nrf2/HO-1 and HIF-1α/VEGF in lung tissue injury and repair following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7695-7707. [PMID: 30565676 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) leads to injury in distant organs, most commonly the lungs, although limited studies have examined self-protective mechanisms during CIRI-induced lung injury. Here, we investigated self-protective mechanisms that attenuate stress-related injury and promote the angiogenetic repair of epithelial function during CIRI-induced lung injury by measuring nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) levels. A CIRI model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats by blocking the middle cerebral artery. Rats were divided into five subgroups based on the reperfusion time (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr). Lung injury was assessed using a semiquantitative score and a thiobarbituric acid-based method of determining malonaldehyde production. Lung tissue angiogenesis was detected by CD34 and CD31 immunolabeling. Changes in Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), HIF-1α, vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), and phospho-ERK1/2 ( p-ERK1/2) protein- and mRNA-expression levels were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, respectively. Oxidative stress induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) caused lung injury. Expression of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidative stress pathway in lung tissues increased following CI/R, peaking after 24 hr. PI3K, ERK, and p-ERK1/2, which act upstream of Nrf2/HO-1, were expressed at higher levels in the CI/R-model group, consistent with the general trends observed for Nrf2/HO-1. Within 72 hr post-CI/R, HIF-1α, and VEGF expression significantly increased versus the sham group. Thus, during CIRI-induced lung injury, the body may upregulate antioxidative stress activities and promote angiogenesis to repair the endothelial barrier through the Nrf2/HO-1 and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways, enabling self-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuqin Che
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Baoning Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zuo Tao
- Department of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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28
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Bertoni S, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Tognolini M. Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion: an overview of preclinical drug strategies. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1416-1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Xu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zhang CL, Li XP, Feng CY, Lei K, He WX, Liu D. Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on 17α-Ethynyelstradiol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1613-1629. [PMID: 29121800 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the effects and potential mechanisms of ginsenosides on 17[Formula: see text]-ethynyelstradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis (IC). Ginsenoside at doses of 30, 100, 300[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight was intragastrically (i.g.) given to rats for 5 days to examine the effect on EE-induced IC. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bile acid (TBA) were measured. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined. Protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6 and IL-1[Formula: see text] was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results indicated that ginsenosides remarkably prevented EE-induced increase in the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and TBA. Moreover, the elevation of hepatic MDA content induced by EE was significantly reduced, while hepatic SOD activities were significantly increased when treated with ginsenosides. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological injuries were relieved after treatment with ginsenosides. In addition, treatment with ginsenosides could significantly downregulate the protein expression of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6 and IL-1[Formula: see text] compared with EE group. These findings indicate that ginsenosides exert the hepatoprotective effect on EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats, and this protection might be attributed to the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zao-Qin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Xi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Meng QT, Chen R, Chen C, Su K, Li W, Tang LH, Liu HM, Xue R, Sun Q, Leng Y, Hou JB, Wu Y, Xia ZY. Transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB contribute to inflammation and apoptosis induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1731-1740. [PMID: 29039475 PMCID: PMC5716448 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IIR) is a common pathological event associated with intestinal injury and apoptosis with high mortality. Nuclear factor (NF)-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that interacts with NF-κB and has a vital anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether Nrf2 has a role in IIR-induced apoptosis and the possible underlining mechanisms, such as modulation of the inflammation regulation pathway, have remained to be fully elucidated. In the present study, IIR was identified to cause significant intestinal injury and apoptosis, with high expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3, while simultaneously decreasing the protein levels of Bcl-2. The effect was more pronounced after pretreatment of the animals with all-trans retinoic acid or brusatol, potent inhibitors of Nrf2. t-Butylhydroquinone, an Nrf2 activator, significantly attenuated IIR-induced intestinal injury and apoptosis, with inhibition of the overexpression of the inflammatory cytokines, Bax and caspase-3 protein and partial restoration of Bcl-2 protein expression. Taken together, these results indicated that increased Nrf2 expression reduced IIR-induced intestinal apoptosis and that the protective function of Nrf2 may be based on its anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hua Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Shiyan City, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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31
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Inhibition of Caveolae Contributes to Propofol Preconditioning-Suppressed Microvesicles Release and Cell Injury by Hypoxia-Reoxygenation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3542149. [PMID: 29181124 PMCID: PMC5625844 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3542149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial microvesicles (EMVs), released after endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis or activation, may carry many adverse signals and propagate injury by intercellular transmission. Caveolae are 50–100 nm cell surface plasma membrane invaginations involved in many pathophysiological processes. Recent evidence has indicated EMVs and caveolae may have functional effects in cells undergoing H/R injury. Propofol, a widely used anaesthetic, confers antioxidative stress capability in the same process. But the connection between EMVs, H/R, and caveolae remains largely unclear. Here, we found that H/R significantly increased the release of EMVs, the expression of CAV-1 (the structural protein responsible for maintaining the shape of caveolae), oxidative stress, and the mitochondrial damage, and all these changes were inhibited by propofol preconditioning. Interestingly, the caveolae inhibitor Mβ-CD strengthened the protective effect of propofol preconditioning. We further found that the release of EMVs is more significantly reduced under propofol preconditioning in the presence of the caveolae inhibitor Mβ-CD. EMVs released from H/R-treated cells caused a substantially increased mitochondrial and cellular damage to normal HUVECs after 4 hours of coculture. Thus, we conclude that inhibition of caveolae contributes to propofol preconditioning-suppressed microvesicles release and cell injury by H/R.
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Maresin 1 Ameliorates Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress via Activation of the Nrf-2-Mediated HO-1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9634803. [PMID: 28751936 PMCID: PMC5511669 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9634803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in various clinical conditions and heavily damaged lung function. Oxidative stress reaction and antioxidant enzymes play a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of lung I/R injury. In the current study, we investigated the impact of Maresin 1 on lung I/R injury and explored the possible mechanism involved in this process. MaR 1 ameliorated I/R-induced lung injury score, wet/dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) leukocyte count, BALF neutrophil ratio, and pulmonary permeability index levels in lung tissue. MaR 1 significantly reduced ROS, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and 15-F2t-isoprostane generation and restored antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) activities. Administration of MaR 1 improved the expression of nuclear Nrf-2 and cytosolic HO-1 in I/R-treated lung tissue. Furthermore, we also found that the protective effects of MaR 1 on lung tissue injury and oxidative stress were reversed by HO-1 activity inhibitor, Znpp-IX. Nrf-2 transcription factor inhibitor, brusatol, significantly decreased MaR 1-induced nuclear Nrf-2 and cytosolic HO-1 expression. In conclusion, these results indicate that MaR 1 protects against lung I/R injury through suppressing oxidative stress. The mechanism is partially explained by activation of the Nrf-2-mediated HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Hu B, Wu Y, Tong F, Liu J, Shen X, Shen R, Xu G. Apocynin Alleviates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating the Level of Zinc and Metallothionen. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:71-78. [PMID: 27909865 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the protective effects of apocynin on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (RI/RI) in rats. Rats preconditioned with apocynin were subjected to renal I/R. Zinc levels in serum and renal tissues, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected. We further measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α; and the expression of metallothionein (MT) in the renal tissues. Results indicated that the levels of MDA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and MT in the kidney tissue and serum BUN and Scr levels in RI/RI group were significantly higher than those in sham-operated group, while the levels of serum Zn and kidney Zn and SOD were reduced in RI/RI group. Apocynin treatment further decreased the levels of MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and serum BUN and Scr, whereas it significantly increased the levels of Zn, SOD, IL-4, IL-10, and MT in the kidney tissue and serum Zn. These findings suggest that apocynin might play a protective role against RI/RI in rats through regulating zinc level and MT expression involving in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Shen
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilin Shen
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Qi HY, Li L, Ma H. Cellular stress response mechanisms as therapeutic targets of ginsenosides. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:625-654. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-yi Qi
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
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Zheng X, Wang S, Zou X, Jing Y, Yang R, Li S, Wang F. Ginsenoside Rb1 improves cardiac function and remodeling in heart failure. Exp Anim 2017; 66:217-228. [PMID: 28367863 PMCID: PMC5543242 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on cardiac function and remodeling in heart
failure (HF). Four weeks after HF induction, the rats were administrated with ginsenoside
Rb1 (35 and 70 mg/kg) and losartan (4.5 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Losartan was used as a
positive control. Cardiac function was assessed by measuring hemodynamic parameters.
Histological changes were analyzed by HE and Masson’s trichrome staining. Cardiac
hypertrophy, fibrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and glucose transporter type 4
(GLUT4) levels were evaluated. In the present study, high dose of (H−) ginsenoside Rb1
decreased heart rate, improved cardiac function and alleviated histological changes
induced by HF. H-ginsenoside Rb1 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis by
decreasing left ventricular (LV) weight/heart weight ratio and cardiomyocyte
cross-sectional area and reducing the levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), β-myosin
heavy chain (β-MHC), periostin, collagen I, Angiotensin II (Ang II), Angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE) and Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor. Moreover, H-ginsenoside Rb1
decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced the translocation of GLUT4 to
plasma membrane. The TGF-β1/Smad and ERK signaling pathways were inhibited and the Akt
pathway was activated. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 might restore
cardiac/mitochondrial function, increase glucose uptake and protect against cardiac
remodeling via the TGF-β1/Smad, ERK and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zheng
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 79 Chongshan East Road, Shenyang 110847, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 79 Chongshan East Road, Shenyang 110847, P.R. China
| | - Yating Jing
- First Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Ronglai Yang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- Standardization Office, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
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Han JY, Li Q, Ma ZZ, Fan JY. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:146-173. [PMID: 28322971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation dysfunction and organ injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) result from a complex pathologic process consisting of multiple links, with metabolism impairment in the ischemia phase and oxidative stress in the reperfusion phase as initiators, and any treatment targeting a single link is insufficient to cope with this. Compound Chinese medicine (CCM) has been applied in clinics in China and some Asian nations for >2000years. Studies over the past decades revealed the protective and therapeutic effect of CCMs and major ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and so on. CCM contains diverse bioactive components with potential for energy metabolism regulation; antioxidant effect; inhibiting inflammatory cytokines release; adhesion molecule expression in leukocyte, platelet, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protection of thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation. This review covers the major works with respect to the effects and underlying mechanisms of CCM and its ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury after I/R, providing novel ideas for dealing with this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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Lian M, Sun Y, Lin Y, Wen J, Almoiliqy M, Xu B, Li Y, Xu M, Chen D, Tang Z, Wang L. p-JAK2 plays a key role in catalpol-induced protection against rat intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalpol attenuated rat intestinal I/R injury by decreasing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through blocking the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathwayviaselective inhibition of p-JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Lian
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yuchao Sun
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
- Zhongshan College
| | - Jin Wen
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | | | - Bin Xu
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yanli Li
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Ming Xu
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Li Wang
- Pharmaceutical College
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
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Ge M, Chen C, Yao W, Zhou S, Huang F, Cai J, Hei Z. Overexpression of Brg1 Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lung Injury through Antioxidative Stress Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8787392. [PMID: 28798861 PMCID: PMC5534314 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8787392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether overexpression of Brahma-related gene-1 (Brg1) can alleviate lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (HIR) and its precise mechanism. METHODS Cytomegalovirus-transgenic Brg1-overexpressing (CMV-Brg1) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice underwent HIR. Lung histology, oxidative injury markers, and antioxidant enzyme concentrations in the lung were assessed. The protein expression levels of Brg1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the lung were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS In the WT group, histopathological analysis revealed that lung damage peaked at 6 h after HIR. Meanwhile, the lung reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-isoprostane levels were significantly increased. The protein expression of Brg1 in lung tissue decreased to a minimum at 6 h. Overexpression of Brg1 alleviated lung injury and decreased the amounts of oxidative products, including the levels of 8-isoprostane and ROS, as well as the percentage of positive cells for 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Brg1 overexpression increased the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 as well as activated the antioxidases. In addition, it decreased the expression of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION Overexpression of Brg1 alleviates oxidative lung injury induced by HIR, likely through the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chaojin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- *Jun Cai: and
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- *Ziqing Hei:
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Ma Y, Zhang JX, Liu YN, Ge A, Gu H, Zha WJ, Zeng XN, Huang M. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester alleviates asthma by regulating the airway microenvironment via the ROS-responsive MAPK/Akt pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:163-175. [PMID: 27746262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the pathophysiology of asthma, structural cell dysfunction and concomitant microenvironment changes in airways are crucial to pathological progression, which involves oxidative stress. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active anti-oxidative component obtained from propolis, and has been shown to have beneficial effects on several respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. However, the impact of CAPE on asthma is not well understood. Therefore, this study investigated the advantages of using CAPE to treat asthma and demonstrated the roles of CAPE in the regulation of airway microenvironments. In ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice, CAPE treatments notably reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, attenuated extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibited goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition and fibrosis. In addition, CAPE improved the airway microenvironment in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting OVA-induced increases in immunoglobulin E, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 and suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-9 and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression as well as malondialdehyde production. To determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects, we used TNF-α-stimulated BECs and TGF-β1-challenged human ASMCs to explore the impacts of CAPE on pro-inflammatory proteins and ASMC proliferation. The results indicated that CAPE significantly limited the secretion of eotaxin-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and dramatically inhibited the proliferation of ASMCs. These effects were shown to be associated with decreased reactive oxidant species (ROS) levels. The phosphorylation of Akt and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) caused by increased ROS was significantly decreased by CAPE, which implied a contribution of ROS-MAPK/Akt signaling to the attenuation of asthma. Our findings indicated for the first time that CAPE alleviates airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic asthma by balancing the airway microenvironment, which highlights a novel profile of CAPE as a potent agent for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Ai Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wang-Jian Zha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Tong F, Tang X, Li X, Xia W, Liu D. The effect of insulin-loaded linear poly(ethylene glycol)-brush-like poly(l-lysine) block copolymer on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury through downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1717-30. [PMID: 27175073 PMCID: PMC4854262 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s99890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the therapeutic effect of insulin-loaded linear poly(ethylene glycol)-brush-like poly(l-lysine) block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-b-(poly(ethylenediamine l-glutamate)-g-poly(l-lysine)) (PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL) on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury through downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) as compared to free insulin. Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with 30 U/kg insulin or insulin/PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL) complex, and then subjected to 45 minutes of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion. The blood and lungs were collected, the level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured, and the dry/wet lung ratios, the activity of superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase, the content of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the expression of HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in pulmonary tissues. Both insulin and insulin/PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL) preconditioning improved the recovery of renal function, reduced pulmonary oxidative stress injury, restrained inflammatory damage, and downregulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF as compared to ischemia/reperfusion group, while insulin/PEG-b-(PELG-g-PLL) significantly improved this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenquan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, People's Republic of China
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BQ123 Stimulates Skeletal Muscle Antioxidant Defense via Nrf2 Activation in LPS-Treated Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:2356853. [PMID: 26823945 PMCID: PMC4707360 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2356853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is understood of skeletal muscle tissue in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation. Endothelin-1 is an endogenous, vasoconstrictive peptide which can induce overproduction of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether BQ123, an endothelin-A receptor antagonist, influences the level of TNF-α, IL-6, SOD-1, HO-1, Nrf2 mRNA, and NF-κB subunit RelA/p65 mRNA in the femoral muscle obtained from endotoxemic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6) and received iv (1) saline (control), (2) LPS (15 mg/kg), (3) BQ123 (1 mg/kg), (4) BQ123 (1 mg/kg), and LPS (15 mg/kg, resp.) 30 min later. Injection of LPS led to significant increase in levels of RelA/p65 mRNA, TNF-α, and IL-6, while content of SOD-1, HO-1, and Nrf2 mRNA was unchanged. Administration of BQ123 prior to LPS challenge resulted in a significant reduction in RelA/p65 mRNA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, as well as markedly elevated concentrations of SOD-1, HO-1, and Nrf2 mRNA. BQ123 appears to enhance antioxidant defense and prevent production of TNF-α and IL-6 in skeletal muscle of LPS-treated rat. In conclusion, endothelin-A receptor antagonism exerts significant impact on the skeletal muscle favouring anti-inflammatory effects and protection against oxidative stress.
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