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Zhang Y, Wang T, Song Y, Chen M, Hou B, Yao B, Ma K, Song Y, Wang S, Zhang D, Liang J, Wei C. Mechanism of Bazi Bushen capsule in delaying the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27646. [PMID: 38509951 PMCID: PMC10950659 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is becoming an increasingly serious problem; therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective anti-ageing drugs. Aims To investigate the effects of Bazi Bushen capsule (BZBS) on the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and explore its mechanism of action. Methods Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of BZBS in delaying senescence in MSCs. For in vitro studies, MSCs were treated with D-gal, BZBS, and NMN, and cell viability, cell senescence, stemness-related genes, and cell cycle were studied using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, SA-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red, and oil red staining were used to determine the osteogenic and lipid differentiation abilities of MSCs. Finally, the expression of senescence-related genes and cyclin-related factors was detected by qPCR and western blotting. Results Network pharmacological analysis suggested that BZBS delayed cell senescence by interfering in the cell cycle. Our in vitro studies suggested that BZBS could significantly increase cell viability (P < 0.01), decrease the quantity of β-galactosidase+ cells (P < 0.01), downregulate p16 and p21 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), improve adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and upregulate Nanog, OCT4 and SOX2 genes (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in senescent MSCs. Moreover, BZBS significantly reduced the proportion of senescent MSCs in the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.01) and enhanced the expression of CDK4, Cyclin D1, and E2F1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Upon treatment with HY-50767A, a CDK4 inhibitor, the upregulation of E2F1 was no longer observed in the BZBS group. Conclusions BZBS can protect MSCs against D-gal-induced senescence, which may be associated with cell cycle regulation via the Cyclin D1/CDK4/E2F1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Tongxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yanfei Song
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Meng Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Bin Hou
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Bing Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Kun Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yahui Song
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Junqing Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
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Yang J, Luo J, Tian X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wu X. Progress in Understanding Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Aging-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38671842 PMCID: PMC11047596 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced through redox reactions as byproducts of respiratory and metabolic activities. However, due to various endogenous and exogenous factors, the body may produce excessive ROS, which leads to oxidative stress (OS). Numerous studies have shown that OS causes a variety of pathological changes in cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification, all of which can trigger apoptosis and senescence. OS also induces a variety of aging-related diseases, such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative disease, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, ovarian disease, and prostate disease. In this review, we aim to introduce the multiple internal and external triggers that mediate ROS levels in rodents and humans as well as the relationship between OS, aging, and aging-related diseases. Finally, we present a statistical analysis of effective antioxidant measures currently being developed and applied in the field of aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Juyue Luo
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Xutong Tian
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Yumeng Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
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Cai J, Li Y, Zhao B, Bao Z, Li J, Sun S, Chen Y, Wu X. N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates D-Galactose-Induced Injury of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Female Rabbits by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:384. [PMID: 38671832 PMCID: PMC11047383 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ovary plays a crucial role in the reproductive system of female animals. Ovarian problems such as ovarian insufficiency, premature aging, polycystic ovary syndrome, and ovarian cysts may lead to ovulation disorders, abnormal hormone secretion, or luteal dysfunction, thereby increasing the risk of infertility and abortion. Only when the ovarian function and other organs in the reproductive system remain healthy and work normally can female animals be ensured to carry out reproductive activities regularly, improve the pregnancy rate and litter size, promote the healthy development of the fetus, and then improve their economic value. The follicle, as the functional unit of the ovary, is composed of theca cells, granulosa cells (GCs), and oocytes. GCs are the largest cell population and main functional unit in follicles and provide the necessary nutrients for the growth and development of follicles. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prevalent and cell-permeable antioxidant molecule that effectively prevents apoptosis and promotes cellular survival. Over the past few years, its function in boosting reproductive performance in animals at the cellular level has been widely acknowledged. However, its specific role and mechanism in influencing GCs is yet to be fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of NAC on ovarian damage in female rabbits. For this purpose, D-galactose (D-gal) was first used to establish a model of damaged GCs, with exposure to 1.5 mg/mL of D-gal leading to substantial damage. Subsequently, varying concentrations of NAC were introduced to determine the precise mechanism through which it influences cell damage. Based on the results of the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, it was found that 0.5 mg/mL of NAC could significantly suppress cell apoptosis and promote proliferation. In particular, it decreased the expression levels of Bax, p53, and Caspase-9 genes, while concurrently upregulating the expression of the BCL-2 gene. Moreover, NAC was found to alleviate intracellular oxidative stress, suppress the discharge of mitochondrial Cytochrome c, and boost the enzymatic activities of CAT (Catalase), GSH (Glutathione), and SOD (Superoxide dismutase). RNA sequencing analysis subsequently underscored the critical role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in governing proliferation and apoptosis within GCs. These findings demonstrated that NAC could significantly influence gene expression within this pathway, thereby clarifying the exact relationship between the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade and the underlying cellular processes controlling proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, NAC can reduce the expression of Bax, p53, and Caspase-9 genes, inhibit the apoptosis of GCs, improve cell viability, and resist D-gal-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of CAT, GSH, and SOD. The molecular mechanism of NAC in alleviating D-gal-induced ovarian GC injury in female rabbits by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway provides experimental evidence for the effect of NAC on animal reproductive function at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Yunpeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Bohao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shaoning Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (J.L.); (S.S.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Teixeira LF, Prauchner GRK, Gusso D, Wyse ATS. Classical Hereditary galactosemia: findings in patients and animal models. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:239-248. [PMID: 37702899 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Classic galactosemia is a rare inborn error of metabolism that affects the metabolism of galactose, a sugar derived from milk and derivates. Classic galactosemia is caused by variants of the GALT gene, which lead to absent or misfolded forms of the ubiquitously present galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase enzyme (GALT) driving galactose metabolites to accumulate, damaging cells from neurons to hepatocytes. The disease has different prevalence around the world due to different allele frequencies among populations and its symptoms range from cognitive and psychomotor impairment to hepatic, ophthalmological, and bone structural damage. The practice of newborn screening still varies among countries, dairy restriction treatment is a consensus despite advances in preclinical treatment strategies. Recent clinical studies in Duarte variant suggest dairy restriction could be reconsidered in these cases. Despite noteworthy advances in the classic galactosemia understanding, preclinical trials are still crucial to fully understand the pathophysiology of the disease and help propose new treatments. This review aims to report a comprehensive analysis of past studies and state of art research on galactosemia screening, its clinical and preclinical trials, and treatments with the goal of shedding light on this complex and multisystemic innate error of the metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ferreira Teixeira
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry - Wyse's Lab - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Krupp Prauchner
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry - Wyse's Lab - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Darlan Gusso
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry - Wyse's Lab - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry - Wyse's Lab - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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Teawcharoensopa C, Srisuwan T. The potential use of ascorbic acid to recover the cellular senescence of lipopolysaccharide-induced human apical papilla cells: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:49. [PMID: 38153550 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cellular senescence induction of human apical papilla cells (hAPCs) and evaluate the potential use of 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid to recover cellular senescence and regenerative functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS hAPCs were treated with LPS at 1 and 10 μg/ml either with or without 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid for 48 h. The cellular senescence biomarkers were analyzed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and senescence-related gene expression, p16 and p21. Cell migration, at 12 h and 24 h, was evaluated using a scratch wound assay. Mineralization potential was assessed at 21 days using Alizarin red S staining and dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression. RESULTS 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml LPS stimulation for 48 h induced cellular senescence, as shown by remarkable SA-β-gal staining and p16 and p21 gene expression. The percentage of wound closure and mineralized formation was reduced. The co-incubation with ascorbic acid significantly down-regulated the level of SA-β-gal staining. The reduction of senescence-associated gene expressions was observed. Ascorbic acid improved cell migration, mineralized nodule formation, and the expression of DSPP and BSP genes in LPS-treated hAPCs. CONCLUSIONS LPS significantly promoted cellular senescence on hAPCs and diminished the cell function capacity. Co-presence of ascorbic acid could impede cellular senescence and possibly improve the regenerative capacity of LPS-induced senescent hAPCs in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The data support the in vitro potential benefit of ascorbic acid on cellular senescence recovery of apical papilla cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chananporn Teawcharoensopa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, TH, Thailand
- Sikhoraphum Hospital Dental Department, Surin, TH, Thailand
| | - Tanida Srisuwan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, TH, Thailand.
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Wang X, Ouyang L, Chen W, Cao Y, Zhang L. Efficient expansion and delayed senescence of hUC-MSCs by microcarrier-bioreactor system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:284. [PMID: 37794520 PMCID: PMC10552362 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are widely used in cell therapy due to their robust immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative capabilities. Currently, the predominant method for obtaining hUC-MSCs for clinical use is through planar culture expansion, which presents several limitations. Specifically, continuous cell passaging can lead to cellular aging, susceptibility to contamination, and an absence of process monitoring and control, among other limitations. To overcome these challenges, the technology of microcarrier-bioreactor culture was developed with the aim of ensuring the therapeutic efficacy of cells while enabling large-scale expansion to meet clinical requirements. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the comparison of biological differences in cells obtained through different culture methods. METHODS We developed a culture process for hUC-MSCs using self-made microcarrier and stirred bioreactor. This study systematically compares the biological properties of hUC-MSCs amplified through planar culture and microcarrier-bioreactor systems. Additionally, RNA-seq was employed to compare the differences in gene expression profiles between the two cultures, facilitating the identification of pathways and genes associated with cell aging. RESULTS The findings revealed that hUC-MSCs expanded on microcarriers exhibited a lower degree of cellular aging compared to those expanded through planar culture. Additionally, these microcarrier-expanded hUC-MSCs showed an enhanced proliferation capacity and a reduced number of cells in the cell cycle retardation period. Moreover, bioreactor-cultured cells differ significantly from planar cultures in the expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that our microcarrier-bioreactor culture method enhances the proliferation efficiency of hUC-MSCs. Moreover, this culture method exhibits the potential to delay the process of cell aging while preserving the essential stem cell properties of hUC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Beijing Tang Yi Hui Kang Biomedical Technology Co., LTD, Beijing, 100032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Jiang X, Li W, Ge L, Lu M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence during Aging:From Mechanisms to Rejuvenation Strategies. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1651-1676. [PMID: 37196126 PMCID: PMC10529739 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In cell transplantation therapy, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are ideal seed cells due to their easy acquisition and cultivation, strong regenerative capacity, multi-directional differentiation abilities, and immunomodulatory effects. Autologous MSCs are better applicable compared with allogeneic MSCs in clinical practice. The elderly are the main population for cell transplantation therapy, but as donor aging, MSCs in the tissue show aging-related changes. When the number of generations of in vitro expansion is increased, MSCs will also exhibit replicative senescence. The quantity and quality of MSCs decline during aging, which limits the efficacy of autologous MSCs transplantation therapy. In this review, we examine the changes in MSC senescence as a result of aging, discuss the progress of research on mechanisms and signalling pathways of MSC senescence, and discuss possible rejuvenation strategies of aged MSCs to combat senescence and enhance the health and therapeutic potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Jiang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan provincical key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wenshui Li
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan provincical key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lite Ge
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan provincical key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China, Changsha
| | - Ming Lu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan provincical key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Che L, Zhu C, Huang L, Xu H, Ma X, Luo X, He H, Zhang T, Wang N. Ginsenoside Rg2 Promotes the Proliferation and Stemness Maintenance of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Autophagy Induction. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051075. [PMID: 36900592 PMCID: PMC10000966 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as a cell source for cultivated meat production due to their adipose differentiation potential, but MSCs lose their stemness and undergo replicative senescence during expansion in vitro. Autophagy is an important mechanism for senescent cells to remove toxic substances. However, the role of autophagy in the replicative senescence of MSCs is controversial. Here, we evaluated the changes in autophagy in porcine MSCs (pMSCs) during long-term culture in vitro and identified a natural phytochemical, ginsenoside Rg2, that could stimulate pMSC proliferation. First, some typical senescence characteristics were observed in aged pMSCs, including decreased EdU-positive cells, increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, declined stemness-associated marker OCT4 expression, and enhanced P53 expression. Importantly, autophagic flux was impaired in aged pMSCs, suggesting deficient substrate clearance in aged pMSCs. Rg2 was found to promote the proliferation of pMSCs using MTT assay and EdU staining. In addition, Rg2 inhibited D-galactose-induced senescence and oxidative stress in pMSCs. Rg2 increased autophagic activity via the AMPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, long-term culture with Rg2 promoted the proliferation, inhibited the replicative senescence, and maintained the stemness of pMSCs. These results provide a potential strategy for porcine MSC expansion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Che
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Caixia Zhu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinmiao Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongpeng He
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-2260-6020-99; Fax: +86-2260-6022-98
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Protasoni M, Serrano M. Targeting Mitochondria to Control Ageing and Senescence. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020352. [PMID: 36839673 PMCID: PMC9960816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by a progressive impairment of cellular function and a systemic deterioration of tissues and organs, resulting in increased vulnerability to multiple diseases. Here, we review the interplay between two hallmarks of ageing, namely, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. The targeting of specific mitochondrial features in senescent cells has the potential of delaying or even reverting the ageing process. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial biology in senescent cells is necessary to effectively face this challenge. Here, we discuss the main alterations in mitochondrial functions and structure in both ageing and cellular senescence, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two processes. Moreover, we describe the treatments available to target these pathways and speculate on possible future directions of anti-ageing and anti-senescence therapies targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Protasoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
- Correspondence:
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10
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Hernández-Pérez OR, Juárez-Navarro KJ, Diaz NF, Padilla-Camberos E, Beltran-Garcia MJ, Cardenas-Castrejon D, Corona-Perez H, Hernández-Jiménez C, Díaz-Martínez NE. Biomolecules resveratrol + coenzyme Q10 recover the cell state of human mesenchymal stem cells after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced damage and improve proliferation and neural differentiation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:929590. [PMID: 36117620 PMCID: PMC9471188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.929590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a critical affection with a high incidence around the world. Currently, there are no effective treatments to solve this problem. However, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases has shown to be a promising tool due to their multiple therapeutic effects. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of resveratrol (RSV) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the proliferation and differentiation of MSC and the protector effects in induced damage. To characterize the MSCs, we performed flow cytometry, protocols of cellular differentiation, and immunocytochemistry analysis. The impact of RSV + CoQ10 in proliferation was evaluated by supplementing 2.5 and 10 μM of RSV + CoQ10 in a cellular kinetic for 14 days. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) were also analyzed. The protective effect of RSV + CoQ10 was assessed by supplementing the treatment to damaged MSCs by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+); cellular viability, LDH, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated.. MSCs expressed the surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and showed multipotential ability. The combination of RSV + CoQ10 increased the proliferation potential and cell viability and decreased LDH levels. In addition, it reverted the effect of MPP+-induced damage in MSCs to enhance cell viability and decrease LDH and ROS. Finally, RSV + CoQ10 promoted the differentiation of neural progenitors. The combination of RSV + CoQ10 represents a potential treatment to improve MSCs capacities and protect against neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R. Hernández-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karen J. Juárez-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Nestor F. Diaz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel J. Beltran-Garcia
- Departamento de Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Néstor E. Díaz-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Néstor E. Díaz-Martínez,
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11
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Cai H, Wang Z, Tang W, Ke X, Zhao E. Recent advances of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:970699. [PMID: 36110206 PMCID: PMC9468880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.970699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, metabolism, autophagy, survival and cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, mTOR is made up of three multisubunit complexes, mTOR complex 1, mTOR complex 2, and putative mTOR complex 3. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that mTOR plays important roles in the differentiation and immune responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition, mTOR is a vital regulator of pivotal cellular and physiological functions, such as cell metabolism, survival and ageing, where it has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for ageing-related diseases. Therefore, the mTOR signaling may develop a large impact on the treatment of ageing-related diseases with MSCs. In this review, we discuss prospects for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Ke, ; Erhu Zhao,
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Ke, ; Erhu Zhao,
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12
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Qu Y, Guo Y, Li W, Shen H, Cui J, Li J, Liu J, Wu D. The improvement of Coreopsis tinctoria essential oil on learning and memory impairment of d-galactose-induced mice through Nrf2/NF-κB pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994705. [PMID: 36091831 PMCID: PMC9451490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oil of Coreopsis tinctoria (EOC) is a essential substance extracted from Coreopsis tinctoria with the excellent anti-oxidant effect. However, it is still unclear whether EOC can improve learning and memory impairment and its mechanism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EOC on learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose (D-gal) in mice and reveal its mechanism. The composition of EOC was analyzed by GC-MS, and the results showed that the highest content was D-limonene. The follow-up experiments were conducted by comparing EOC with D-limonene. The aging model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-gal, and donepezil, D-limonene and EOC were given by intragastric administration. It was found that EOC and D-limonene significantly improved learning and memory impairment induced by D-gal through the Morris water maze and step-through tests. Pathological and biochemical analysis showed that the hippocampal morphologic of mice was damage and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) induced by D-gal were decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased, while EOC and D-limonene could reverse the morphological changes and reduce oxidative damage. In addition, EOC and D-limonene significantly increased body weight and organ coefficients, including liver, spleen and kidney. Moreover, EOC and D-limonene improved the expression of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and inhibited nuclear transcription factors-κB (NF-κB) pathway. In summary, the results showed that EOC and D-limonene could improve learning and memory impairment induced by D-gal through Nrf2/ NF-κB pathway. It was clear that as a mixture, EOC was better than D-limonene on improving learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yingxue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongkuan Shen
- Jiamusi Inspection and Testing Center, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jiwen Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jinlian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Jinlian Li, ; Jiguang Liu, ; Dongmei Wu,
| | - Jiguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Jinlian Li, ; Jiguang Liu, ; Dongmei Wu,
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Jinlian Li, ; Jiguang Liu, ; Dongmei Wu,
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13
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The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071224. [PMID: 35883714 PMCID: PMC9311946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial and protective in several physiological processes, an excessive senescent cell burden has been involved in various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive senescence due to a loss of balance between pro-oxidant stimuli and antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification and characterization of antioxidant compounds capable of preventing or counteracting the senescent phenotype is of major interest. However, despite the considerable number of studies, a comprehensive overview of the main antioxidant molecules capable of counteracting OS-induced senescence is still lacking. Here, besides a brief description of the molecular mechanisms implicated in OS-mediated aging, we review and discuss the role of enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids as antioxidant compounds with an anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.
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14
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Xia Z, Gao M, Sheng P, Shen M, Zhao L, Gao L, Yan B. Fe 3O 4 Nanozymes Improve Neuroblast Differentiation and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in D-Galactose-Induced Aged Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126463. [PMID: 35742908 PMCID: PMC9224281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a process associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and the reduction in neurogenesis, and is the greatest known risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. However, the effects of Fe3O4 nanozymes on neurogenesis have rarely been studied. This study examined the effects of Fe3O4 nanozymes on neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) and BBB integrity of D-galactose-induced aged mice. Long-term treatment with Fe3O4 nanozymes (10 μg/mL diluted in ddH2O daily) markedly increased the doublecortin (DCX) immunoreactivity and decreased BBB injury induced by D-galactose treatment. In addition, the decreases in the levels of antioxidant proteins including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as well as autophagy-related proteins such as Becin-1, LC3II/I, and Atg7 induced by D-galactose treatment were significantly ameliorated by Fe3O4 nanozymes in the DG of the mouse hippocampus. Furthermore, Fe3O4 nanozyme treatment showed an inhibitory effect against apoptosis in the hippocampus. In conclusion, Fe3O4 nanozymes can relieve neuroblast damage and promote neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal DG by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Manman Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Peng Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mengmeng Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Bingchun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-87992215
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15
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Chen ZY, Li J, Zhu SD, Li ZD, Yu JL, Wu J, Zhang C, Zeng LH. Harmine reinforces the effects of regorafenib on suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:209. [PMID: 35126712 PMCID: PMC8796640 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Di Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Di Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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16
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Metabolic and Transcriptional Changes across Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120208. [PMID: 34940360 PMCID: PMC8698318 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent post-natal stem cells with applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes, with functional differences in cells during osteogenesis accompanied by metabolic changes. The temporal dynamics of these metabolic shifts have not yet been fully characterized and are suspected to be important for therapeutic applications such as osteogenesis optimization. Here, our goal was to characterize the metabolic shifts that occur during osteogenesis. We profiled five key extracellular metabolites longitudinally (glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, and ammonia) from MSCs from four donors to classify osteogenic differentiation into three metabolic stages, defined by changes in the uptake and secretion rates of the metabolites in cell culture media. We used a combination of untargeted metabolomic analysis, targeted analysis of 13C-glucose labelled intracellular data, and RNA-sequencing data to reconstruct a gene regulatory network and further characterize cellular metabolism. The metabolic stages identified in this proof-of-concept study provide a framework for more detailed investigations aimed at identifying biomarkers of osteogenic differentiation and small molecule interventions to optimize MSC differentiation for clinical applications.
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. In search of elixir: Pharmacological agents against stem cell senescence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:868-880. [PMID: 34712416 PMCID: PMC8528253 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.51917.11773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence causes different complications. In addition to the aging phenomenon, stem cell senescence has been investigated in various concepts such as cancer, adverse drug effects, and as a limiting factor in cell therapy. This manuscript examines protective medicines and supplements which are capable of hindering stem cell senescence. We searched the databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science with the keywords “stem cell,” “progenitor cell,” “satellite,” “senescence” and excluded the keywords “cancer,” “tumor,” “malignancy” and “carcinoma” until June 2020. Among these results, we chose 47 relevant studies. Our investigation indicates that most of these studies examined endothelial progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and a few others were about less-discussed types of stem cells such as cardiac stem cells, myeloblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cells. From another aspect, 17β-Estradiol, melatonin, metformin, rapamycin, coenzyme Q10, N-acetyl cysteine, and vitamin C were the most studied agents, while the main protective mechanism was through telomerase activity enhancement or oxidative damage ablation. Although many of these studies are in vitro, they are still worthwhile. Stem cell senescence in the in vitro expansion stage is an essential concern in clinical procedures of cell therapy. Moreover, in vitro studies are the first step for further in vivo and clinical studies. It is noteworthy to mention the fact that these protective agents have been used in the clinical setting for various purposes for a long time. Given that, we only need to examine their systemic anti-senescence effects and effective dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Vice-chancellery of Food and Drug,Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Pasteurized non-fermented cow's milk but not fermented milk is a promoter of mTORC1-driven aging and increased mortality. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101270. [PMID: 33571703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies in Sweden, a country with traditionally high milk consumption, revealed that the intake of non-fermented pasteurized milk increased all-cause mortality in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the majority of epidemiological and clinical studies report beneficial health effects of fermented milk products, especially of yogurt. It is the intention of this review to delineate potential molecular aging mechanisms related to the intake of non-fermented milk versus yogurt on the basis of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Non-fermented pasteurized milk via its high bioavailability of insulinotropic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundance of lactose (glucosyl-galactose) and bioactive exosomal microRNAs (miRs) enhances mTORC1 signaling, which shortens lifespan and increases all-cause mortality. In contrast, fermentation-associated lactic acid bacteria metabolize BCAAs and degrade galactose and milk exosomes including their mTORC1-activating microRNAs. The Industrial Revolution, with the introduction of pasteurization and refrigeration of milk, restricted the action of beneficial milk-fermenting bacteria, which degrade milk's BCAAs, galactose and bioactive miRs that synergistically activate mTORC1. This unrecognized behavior change in humans after the Neolithic revolution increased aging-related over-activation of mTORC1 signaling in humans, who persistently consume large quantities of non-fermented pasteurized cow's milk, a potential risk factor for aging and all-cause mortality.
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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20
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Zhu Y, Yang Z, Chen H, Pan Y, Gong L, Chen F, Jin X, Wen S, Li Y, Chen G. lncRNAHIF1A-AS2 Promotes Renal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration via miR-130a-5p/ERBB2 Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9807-9820. [PMID: 33061459 PMCID: PMC7535142 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s260191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential for tumorigenesis and progression of diverse cancers. This study aims to investigate the roles of lncRNAs on renal carcinoma. Methods The expression of lncRNA HIF1A-AS2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and adjacent non-cancer tissues was identified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Investigations were performed on biological function of lncRNA HIF1A-AS2 on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and invasion of ccRCC by overexpression and knockdown experiments. Further, luciferase reporter assay and Western blot were constructed to explore molecular mechanisms underlying the function of lncRNA HIF1A-AS2. Results HIF1A-AS2 was highly expressed in kidney cancer tissues and ccRCC cells. Interference of HIF1A-AS2 in vivo hindered cell proliferation, invasion and migration while accelerated cell apoptosis. Overexpression of HIF1A-AS2 presented an opposite effect that repressed the expression of miR-130a-5p, and miR-130a-5p inhibited the expression of HIF1A-AS2. Additionally, rescue experiments exhibited that oncogenic function of HIF1A-AS2 was partially dependent on the suppression of miR-130a-5p. Conclusion Our results indicated a critical role for the HIF1A-AS2-miR-130a-5p axis in renal carcinoma progression, which may act as a promising diagnostic biomarker and a pivotal therapeutic target for renal carcinoma cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Gong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Falin Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, People's Republic of China
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Pu X, Chai Y, Guan L, Li W, Gao J, Jiang Z, Li Q, Wu Y, Chen Y. Astragalus improve aging bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) vitality and osteogenesis through VD-FGF23-Klotho axis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:721-729. [PMID: 32355520 PMCID: PMC7191145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the regulation of astragalus on the aging BMSCs model and the effect of astragalus on Vitamin D (VD)-FGF23-Klotho axis. siRNA was used to interfere the expression of VDR gene in aging BMSCs. Serum containing astragalus in different concentrations was added to the cultured cells. The expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were detected by alizarin red staining and ELISA. Cell vitality was detected by flow cytometry, CCK-8 test, and β-galactosidase staining. The expression of FGF23, Klotho, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The results showed that after reducing VDR gene expression, the aging BMSCs model showed decreased activity and osteogenic ability, increased expression of FGF23, Klotho and CYP24A1, and decreased expression of CYP27B1. After adding serum-containing astragalus, the activity of cells and the osteogenic ability was increased; the expression levels of FGF23, Klotho and CYP24A1 were decreased, the expression levels of CYP27B1 were increased, and the trend was more obvious with the increase of astragalus concentration. This study confirmed that astragalus could inhibit the aging of BMSCs and improve the osteogenesis ability by regulating the VD-FGF23-Klotho pathway. This study provided a certain research basis for the therapeutic of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on primary osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pu
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yihui Chai
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Liancheng Guan
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhibin Jiang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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22
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Beltran C, Pardo R, Bou-Teen D, Ruiz-Meana M, Villena JA, Ferreira-González I, Barba I. Enhancing Glycolysis Protects against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Reducing ROS Production. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040132. [PMID: 32235559 PMCID: PMC7240969 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, fatty acid oxidation shows fast recovery while glucose oxidation rates remain depressed. A metabolic shift aimed at increasing glucose oxidation has shown to be beneficial in models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. However, strategies aimed at increasing glucose consumption in the clinic have provided mixed results and have not yet reached routine clinical practice. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the protection afforded by increased glucose oxidation may facilitate the transfer to the clinic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in the protection afforded by increased glucose oxidation. Firstly, we characterized an H9C2 cellular model in which the use of glucose or galactose as substrates can modulate glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In this model, there were no differences in morphology, cell number, or ATP and PCr levels. However, galactose-grown cells consumed more oxygen and had an increased Krebs cycle turnover, while cells grown in glucose had increased aerobic glycolysis rate as demonstrated by higher lactate and alanine production. Increased aerobic glycolysis was associated with reduced ROS levels and protected the cells against simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) was able to reduce the amount of ROS and to prevent cell death. Lastly, cells grown in galactose showed higher activation of mTOR/Akt signaling pathways. In conclusion, our results provide evidence indicating that metabolic shift towards increased glycolysis reduces mitochondrial ROS production and prevents cell death during ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Beltran
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (D.B.-T.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Diana Bou-Teen
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (D.B.-T.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (D.B.-T.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Josep A. Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.); (J.A.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBER-DEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ferreira-González
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (D.B.-T.); (M.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.F.-G.); (I.B.)
| | - Ignasi Barba
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (D.B.-T.); (M.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic- UCC), 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.F.-G.); (I.B.)
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23
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ZHANG D, LIN J, WANG Y, XU S, LUO C, CAI J, JIANG X, PAN J. [Effects of resveratrol on aging of mesenchymal stem cells and its mechanism]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:617-624. [PMID: 31955535 PMCID: PMC10412953 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on aging of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and to explore its mechanism. METHODS MSCs were isolated from young SD rats and cultured in vitro. The optimal D-gal concentration for induction of MSCs senescence was determined. Then MSCs were randomly divided into four groups, namely the control group, 10μmol/L, 50μmol/L and 100μmol/L Res groups. After the cells were treated with different concentration of Res for 48 h, the senescence-associated changes were examined with senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining; the expression of p53, p16 and γ-H2AX was evaluated by Western blot. The total active oxygen species (ROS) level was determined by flow cytometry with DCFH-DA staining. In order to assess the effect of Res on the mitochondrial function, MitoSox Red staining was used to detect mitochondrial ROS levels in each group, mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 assay, mPTP method was used to detect mitochondrial membrane channel opening level, and Western blot was used to detect the expression level of cytoplasmic cytochrome C (Cyt-C). RESULTS D-gal 10 and 50 g/L significantly increased the number of SA-β-gal positive cells and the level of mitochondrial ROS (all P<0.01). Therefore, 10 g/L D-gal was used to induce the senescence of MSCs in subsequent experiment. Compared with the control group, the number of SA-β-gal positive cells in Res groups significantly decreased (all P<0.01), the expression of p53, p16 and γ-H2AX decreased, and the total and mitochondrial ROS level also decreased (all P<0.01). Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential, open level of mitochondrial membrane channels and the levels of cytoplasm Cyt-C in the Res treatment groups decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol can protect the mitochondrial function of MSCs, and effectively delay the MSC senescence.
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24
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Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 Attenuates Macrophage Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:4657928. [PMID: 31930149 PMCID: PMC6942849 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4657928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence comprises a set of dynamic changes occurring in innate and adaptive immune systems, and macrophage aging plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunosenescence. However, function and polarization changes in aging macrophages have not been fully evaluated, and no effective method for delaying macrophage senescence is currently available. The results of this study reveal that D-galactose (D-gal) can promote J774A.1 macrophage senescence and induce macrophage M1 polarization differentiation. Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 can significantly inhibit J774A.1 macrophage senescence induced by D-gal. IL-6 and IL-12 levels in the BB-12 groups remarkably decreased compared with that in the D-gal group, and the M2 marker, IL-10, and Arg-1 mRNA levels increased in the BB-12 group. BB-12 inhibited the expression of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and promoted p-STAT6 expression. In summary, the present study indicates that BB-12 can attenuate the J774A.1 macrophage senescence and induce M2 macrophage polarization, thereby indicating the potential of BB-12 to slow down immunosenescence and inflamm-aging.
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25
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Li X, Zhan J, Hou Y, Hou Y, Chen S, Luo D, Luan J, Wang L, Lin D. Coenzyme Q10 Regulation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in H 2O 2 Induced BMSC Death by Modulating the Nrf-2/NQO-1 Signaling Pathway and Its Application in a Model of Spinal Cord Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6493081. [PMID: 31915512 PMCID: PMC6930770 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6493081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has always been considered to be a devastating problem that results in catastrophic dysfunction, high disability rate, low mortality rate, and huge cost for the patient. Stem cell-based therapy, especially using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), is a promising strategy for the treatment of SCI. However, SCI results in low rates of cell survival and a poor microenvironment, which limits the therapeutic efficiency of BMSC transplantation. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is known as a powerful antioxidant, which inhibits lipid peroxidation and scavenges free radicals, and its combined effect with BMSC transplantation has been shown to have a powerful impact on protecting the vitality of cells, as well as antioxidant and antiapoptotic compounds in SCI. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether CoQ10 could decrease oxidative stress against the apoptosis of BMSCs in vitro and explored its molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we investigated the protective effect of CoQ10 combined with BMSCs transplanted into a SCI model to verify its ability. Our results demonstrate that CoQ10 treatment significantly decreases the expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3, as shown through TUNEL-positive staining and the products of oxidative stress (ROS), while increasing the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the products of antioxidation, such as glutathione (GSH), against apoptosis and oxidative stress, in a H2O2-induced model. We also identified consistent results from the CoQ10 treatment of BMSCs transplanted into SCI rats in vivo. Moreover, the Nrf-2 signaling pathway was also investigated in order to detail its molecular mechanism, and the results show that it plays an important role, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CoQ10 exerts an antiapoptotic and antioxidant effect, as well as improves the microenvironment in vitro and in vivo. It may also protect BMSCs from oxidative stress and enhance their therapeutic efficiency when transplanted for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jiheng Zhan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yonghui Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shudong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jiyao Luan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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26
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Zhang D, Chen Y, Xu X, Xiang H, Shi Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Jiang X, Li N, Pan J. Autophagy inhibits the mesenchymal stem cell aging induced by D-galactose through ROS/JNK/p38 signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:466-477. [PMID: 31675454 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and cellular senescence are two critical responses of mammalian cells to stress and may have a direct relationship given that they respond to the same set of stimuli, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and telomere shortening. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as reliable cell sources for stem cell transplantation and are currently being tested in numerous clinical trials. However, the effects of autophagy on MSC senescence and corresponding mechanisms have not been fully evaluated. Several studies demonstrated that autophagy level increases in aging MSCs and the downregulation of autophagy can delay MSC senescence, which is inconsistent with most studies that showed autophagy could play a protective role in stem cell senescence. To further study the relationship between autophagy and MSC senescence and explore the effects and mechanisms of premodulated autophagy on MSC senescence, we induced the up- or down-regulation of autophagy by using rapamycin (Rapa) or 3-methyladenine, respectively, before MSC senescence induced by D-galactose (D-gal). Results showed that pretreatment with Rapa for 24 hours remarkably alleviated MSC aging induced by D-gal and inhibited ROS generation. p-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p-38 expression were also clearly decreased in the Rapa group. Moreover, the protective effect of Rapa on MSC senescence can be abolished by enhancing the level of ROS, and p38 inhibitor can reverse the promoting effect of H2 O2 on MSC senescence. In summary, the present study indicates that autophagy plays a protective role in MSC senescence induced by D-gal, and ROS/JNK/p38 signalling plays an important mediating role in autophagy-delaying MSC senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianbin Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyi Xiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhan Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People 's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
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Liu X, Lin X, Zhang S, Guo C, Li J, Mi Y, Zhang C. Lycopene ameliorates oxidative stress in the aging chicken ovary via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2016-2036. [PMID: 30115814 PMCID: PMC6128425 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
After 480 days of age, high-producing hens are likely to be subject to ovarian aging, mainly due to oxidative stress. In this study, the amelioration of ovarian aging in chickens, using a plant antioxidant, lycopene, was investigated. The activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in chicken ovaries at different ages (90, 150, 280 and 580 days old) were compared to elucidate any age-related changes. Subsequently, the putative attenuating effect of lycopene (100 ng/mL) on ovarian aging was evaluated through the establishment of a D-gal-induced aging ovarian culture model. The cultured ovarian tissues of young (280 days) and old (580 days) hens were treated with lycopene for 72 h to verify protective effects of lycopene on naturally aged ovaries. Results showed that the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was down-regulated during the ovarian aging process. Lycopene rescued the decreased antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of antioxidases and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in both D-gal-induced and naturally aged ovaries. Moreover, lycopene promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in both D-gal-induced and naturally aged ovaries. Lycopene also alleviated D-gal-induced mitochondrial damage in the living granulosa cells. In conclusion, lycopene can effectively ameliorate the oxidative stress in aging hen ovaries via the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingting Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changquan Guo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuling Mi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caiqiao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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28
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Ya F, Xu XR, Shi Y, Gallant RC, Song F, Zuo X, Zhao Y, Tian Z, Zhang C, Xu X, Ling W, Ni H, Yang Y. Coenzyme Q10 Upregulates Platelet cAMP/PKA Pathway and Attenuates Integrin αIIbβ3 Signaling and Thrombus Growth. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900662. [PMID: 31512815 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is the key mediator of atherothrombosis. Supplementation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a fat-soluble molecule that exists in various foods, exerts protective cardiovascular effects. This study aims to investigate whether and how CoQ10 acts on αIIbβ3 signaling and thrombosis, the major cause of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a series of platelet functional assays in vitro, it is demonstrated that CoQ10 reduces human platelet aggregation, granule secretion, platelet spreading, and clot retraction. It is further demonstrated that CoQ10 inhibits platelet integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. These inhibitory effects are mainly mediated by upregulating cAMP/PKA pathway, where CoQ10 stimulates the A2A adenosine receptor and decreases phosphodiesterase 3A phosphorylation. Moreover, CoQ10 attenuates murine thrombus growth and vessel occlusion in a ferric chloride (FeCl3 )-induced thrombosis model in vivo. Importantly, the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in dyslipidemic patients demonstrates that 24 weeks of CoQ10 supplementation increases platelet CoQ10 concentrations, enhances the cAMP/PKA pathway, and attenuates αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling, leading to decreased platelet aggregation and granule release. CONCLUSION Through upregulating the platelet cAMP/PKA pathway, and attenuating αIIbβ3 signaling and thrombus growth, CoQ10 supplementation may play an important protective role in patients with risks of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Ya
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Yilin Shi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Reid C Gallant
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Fenglin Song
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Xiao Zuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Zezhong Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
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29
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Targeting Mitochondrial Defects to Increase Longevity in Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:89-110. [PMID: 30919333 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioenergetic homeostasis is a vital process maintaining cellular health and has primary importance in neuronal cells due to their high energy demand markedly at synapses. Mitochondria, the metabolic hubs of the cells, are the organelles responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP by using nutrients and oxygen. Defects in mitochondrial homeostasis result in energy deprivation and can lead to disrupted neuronal functions. Mitochondrial defects adversely contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial defects not only include reduced ATP levels but also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cellular damage. Here, we detail the mechanisms that lead to neuronal pathologies involving mitochondrial defects. Furthermore, we discuss how to target these mitochondrial defects in order to have beneficial effects as novel and complementary therapeutic avenues in neurodegenerative diseases. The critical evaluation of these strategies and their potential outcome can pave the way for finding novel therapies for neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Lin B, Feng D, Xu J. Cardioprotective effects of microRNA-18a on acute myocardial infarction by promoting cardiomyocyte autophagy and suppressing cellular senescence via brain derived neurotrophic factor. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:38. [PMID: 31168354 PMCID: PMC6509849 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevention of cardiovascular diseases is a matter of great concern, of which acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of death resulting in high morbidity worldwide. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) as functional regulators in cardiovascular disease. In this study, an AMI rat model was established in order to investigate the effect of miR-18a on cardiomyocyte autophagy and senescence in AMI and the underlying mechanism. Methods In the present study, an AMI model was induced by ligating the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery in Wistar rats. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was introduced for exploration on the relationship between miR-18a and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to elucidate miR-18a and BDNF effects on cell autophagy and senescence in AMI by transfecting hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells with miR-18a inhibitor or mimic, siRNA against BDNF, or hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cell treatment with an agonist of the Akt/mTOR axis (LM22B-10). Results Upregulation of miR-18a was found in AMI, while downregulation was present in BDNF to activate the Akt/mTOR axis. Compared with the miR-18a inhibitor group, the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR increased and the number of senescent cells increased in the miR-18a inhibitor + LM22B-10 group, and the expression of Beclin1, LC3-II, p62 decreased and autophagy decreased (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, this could be rescued by knocking down BDNF or Akt/mTOR axis activation by LM22B-10. Conclusion All in all, downregulation of miR-18a could promote BDNF expression, which offers protection against AMI by inactivating the Akt/mTOR axis, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for AMI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Deguang Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
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Sarni AR, Baroni L. Milk and Parkinson disease: Could galactose be the missing link. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
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Hu C, Zhao L, Peng C, Li L. Regulation of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: Strategies to control mesenchymal stem cell fates ex vivo and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5196-5207. [PMID: 30160351 PMCID: PMC6201215 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly used in cell‐based regenerative medicine because of their self‐renewal and multilineage potencies in vitro and in vivo. To ensure sufficient amounts of MSCs for therapeutic purposes, cells are generally cultured in vitro for long‐term expansion or specific terminal differentiation until cell transplantation. Although physiologically up‐regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is essential for maintenance of stem cell activities, abnormally high levels of ROS can harm MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, additional elucidation of the mechanisms by which physiological and pathological ROS are generated is necessary to better direct MSC fates and improve their therapeutic effects by controlling external ROS levels. In this review, we focus on the currently revealed ROS generation mechanisms and the regulatory routes for controlling their rates of proliferation, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. A promising strategy in future regenerative medicine involves regulating ROS generation via various means to augment the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, thus improving the prognosis of patients with terminal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Conggao Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Senescence and Dysfunction Caused by Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3181759. [PMID: 30116476 PMCID: PMC6079399 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3181759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage in endothelial cells is proposed to play an important role in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. We previously reported that the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10H2) effectively inhibits oxidative stress and decelerates senescence in senescence-accelerated mice. Here, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with H2O2 and investigated the protective effect of CoQ10H2 against senescence, oxidative damage, and reduction in cellular functions. We found that CoQ10H2 markedly reduced the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase-positive cells and suppressed the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype-associated genes in H2O2-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, CoQ10H2 suppressed the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) but promoted NO production that was accompanied by increased eNOS expression. CoQ10H2 prevented apoptosis and reductions in mitochondrial function and reduced migration and tube formation activity of H2O2-treated cells. The present study indicated that CoQ10H2 protects endothelial cells against senescence by promoting mitochondrial function and thus could delay vascular aging.
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The positive effect of chick embryo and nutrient mixture on bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells from aging rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7051. [PMID: 29728592 PMCID: PMC5935737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of many mammalian tissues is associated with loss of functional adult stem cells, especially bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This study was aimed to analyze the biological effect of chick embryo (CE) and nutrient mixture (NM) on the BMSCs of aging rats. The aging rat model was established to be induced by D-galactose (500 mg/kg/d) for 90 days. Meanwhile, aging rats were fed with CE and NM in different dose manner by intragastric administration. At the end of the experimental period, serum was collected from rats and used for BMSCs culture. Flow cytometric analysis was used to investigate the BMSCs surface markers. Alizarin Red and oil red O staining were performed to evaluate the multi-lineage differentiation of BMSCs. The results showed that CE plus NM increased the telomere length of BMSCs and promoted BMSCs proliferation. Moreover, CE plus NM administration promoted BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and suppressed differentiation into adipocytes. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that there were 326 genes were up-regulated and 59 genes were down-regulated in BMSCs of aging rats treated with CE plus NM. In conclusion, CE plus NM supplement had potential to delay aging through the recovery of BMSCs senescence and could be used as a safe effective approach for nutritional therapy of anti-aging.
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Jing YH, Yan JL, Wang QJ, Chen HC, Ma XZ, Yin J, Gao LP. Spermidine ameliorates the neuronal aging by improving the mitochondrial function in vitro. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:77-86. [PMID: 29649571 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial structure and function are the initial factors of cell aging. Spermidine has an antiaging effect, but its effect on neuronal aging and mitochondrial mechanisms is unclear. In this study, mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells were treated with d‑galactose (d‑Gal) to establish cell aging to investigate the antiaging effect and mechanisms of spermidine. Changes in the cell cycle and β-galactosidase activity were analyzed to evaluate the extent of cell aging. Stabilities of mitochondrial mRNA and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated in the process of cell aging under different treatments. The mitochondrial function was also evaluated using the Seahorse Metabolic Analysis System combined with ATP production. The unfolded protein response (UPR) of the N2a cells was analyzed under different treatments. Results showed that spermidine pretreatment could delay the cell aging and could maintain the mitochondrial stability during d‑Gal treatment. Spermidine increased the proportion of cells in the S phase and maintained the MMP. The oxygen utilization and ATP production in the N2a cells were reduced by d‑Gal treatment but were partially rescued by the spermidine pretreatment. Spermidine ameliorated the N2a cell aging by promoting the autophagy and inhibiting the apoptosis except the UPR. These results showed that spermidine could ameliorate the N2a cell aging by maintaining the mitochondrial mRNA transcription, MMP and oxygen utilization during the d‑Gal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 of Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu province 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, No. 199 of Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu province 730000, PR China
| | - Ji-Long Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 of Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu province 730000, PR China
| | - Qing-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 of Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu province 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Chao Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 of Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu province 730000, PR China
| | - Xue-Zhu Ma
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 of Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu province 730000, PR China
| | - Jie Yin
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 of Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu province 730000, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 of Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu province 730000, PR China.
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Zhang D, Lu H, Chen Z, Wang Y, Lin J, Xu S, Zhang C, Wang B, Yuan Z, Feng X, Jiang X, Pan J. High glucose induces the aging of mesenchymal stem cells via Akt/mTOR signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1685-1690. [PMID: 28656269 PMCID: PMC5562095 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that glucose is important in the process of stem cell aging. However, the mechanisms of cell senescence induced by high glucose (HG) remain to be elucidated. The preliminary study indicated that D-galactose induced mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) aging. The present study demonstrated, following treatment with 11.0 or 22.0 mM HG for 14 days, that HG significantly promoted MSCs aging and the expression levels of phosphorylated (p-)phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) and p-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling (mTOR) in the HG groups were increased compared with the control group. However, following Akt inhibition with 1.0 or 10.0 nM MK-2206, which is an Akt-specific small molecule inhibitor, the senescence-cell value in the HG group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. These results indicated that HG induced MSCs senescence and this effect was primarily mediated via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Huifei Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxing Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yayan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jiuzhou Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Baoming Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Zhanggen Yuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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H 2S Donor NaHS Changes the Production of Endogenous H 2S and NO in D-Galactose-Induced Accelerated Ageing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5707830. [PMID: 28512525 PMCID: PMC5420433 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5707830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aims. The study was designed to explore whether hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) generation changed in D-galactose- (D-gal-) induced ageing, the possible effects of exogenous H2S supplementation, and related mechanisms. Results. In D-gal-induced senescent mice, both H2S and NO levels in the heart, liver, and kidney tissues were decreased significantly. A similar trend was observed in D-gal-challenged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Sustained H2S donor (NaHS) treatment for 2 months elevated H2S and NO levels in these mice, and during this period, the D-gal-induced senescent phenotype was reversed. The protective effect of NaHS is associated with a decrease in reactive oxygen species levels and an increase in antioxidants, such as glutathione, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Increased expression of the H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in the heart, liver, and kidney tissues was observed in the NaHS-treated groups. NaHS supplementation also significantly postponed D-gal-induced HUVEC senescence. Conclusions. Endogenous hydrogen sulphide production in both ageing mice and endothelial cells is insufficient. Exogenous H2S can partially rescue ageing-related dysfunction by inducing endogenous H2S and NO production and reducing oxidative stress. Restoring endogenous H2S production may contribute to healthy ageing, and H2S may have antiageing effects.
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Chen PY, Hou CW, Shibu MA, Day CH, Pai P, Liu ZR, Lin TY, Viswanadha VP, Kuo CH, Huang CY. Protective effect of Co-enzyme Q10 On doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy of rat hearts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:679-689. [PMID: 27087047 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Q10 is a powerful antioxidant often used in medical nutritional supplements for cancer treatment. This study determined whether Q10 could effectively prevent cardio-toxicity caused by doxorubicin treatment. Four week old SD rats were segregated into groups namely control, doxorubicin group (challenged with doxorubicin), Dox + Q10 group (with doxorubicin challenge and oral Q10 treatment), and Q10 group (with oral Q10 treatment). Doxorubicin groups received IP doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) every 3 days and Q10 groups received Q10 (10 mg/kg) every day. Three weeks of doxorubicin challenge caused significant reduction in heart weight, disarray in cardiomyocyte arrangement, elevation of collagen accumulation, enhancement of fibrosis and cell death associated proteins, and inhibition of survival proteins. However, Q10 effectively protected cardiomyocytes and ameliorated fibrosis and cell death induced by doxorubicin. Q10 is, therefore, evidently a potential drug to prevent heart damage caused by doxorubicin. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 679-689, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Hou
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Peiying Pai
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Rong Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yi Lin
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Orellana AMM, Vasconcelos AR, Leite JA, de Sá Lima L, Andreotti DZ, Munhoz CD, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Age-related neuroinflammation and changes in AKT-GSK-3β and WNT/ β-CATENIN signaling in rat hippocampus. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:1094-111. [PMID: 26647069 PMCID: PMC4712335 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process associated with an increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders which can be related to chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation, however, can be characterized by the persistent elevated glucocorticoid (GCs) levels, activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-кB, as well as an increase in cytokines. Interestingly, both NF-кB and cytokines can be even modulated by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) activity, which is a key protein that can intermediate inflammation and metabolism, once it has a critical role in AKT signaling pathway, and can also intermediate WNT/β-CATENIN signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to verify age-related changes in inflammatory status, as well as in the AKT and WNT signaling pathways. Results showed an age-related increase in neuroinflammation as indicated by NF-кB activation, TNF-α and GCs increased levels, a decrease in AKT activation and an increase in GSK-3β activity in both 12- and 24- month old animals. Aging also seems to induce a progressive decrease in canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling pathway once there is a decrease in DVL-2 levels and in the transcription of Axin2 gene. Little is known about the DVL-2 regulation as well as its roles in WNT signaling pathway, but for the first time it was suggested that DVL-2 expression can be changed along aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Marques Orellana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Zukas Andreotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Li GW, Yang XF, Fu N, Ou-Yang Y, Qing K. Relation Between Cellular Senescence and Liver Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 31:121-126. [PMID: 28031101 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(16)30036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to a process that cellular proliferation and differentiation modulated by the multiple stimulating factors gradually decline. Aging cells present the irreversible stop of proliferation and differentiation and change in secretory function because the cell cycle of aging cells is steadily blocked at some point. It has have been shown that cellular senescence plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver diseases. In this paper, we review the advances in relations between cellular senescence and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Ou-Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Qing
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
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Maiese K. Novel nervous and multi-system regenerative therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus with mTOR. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:372-85. [PMID: 27127460 PMCID: PMC4828986 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.179032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the globe, diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder. DM impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic neuropathy. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM. mTOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, stem cell proliferation and differentiation, pancreatic β-cell function, and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy. mTOR is central element for the protein complexes mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2) and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), protein kinase B (Akt), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), and growth factors. As a result, mTOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this disease. Future studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance mTOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.
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Maiese K. The bright side of reactive oxygen species: lifespan extension without cellular demise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:185-187. [PMID: 27200181 PMCID: PMC4869880 DOI: 10.15761/jts.1000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, protein misfolding, programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy, and the promotion of aging –dependent processes. Mitochondria control the processing of redox energy that yields adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the oxidation of glucose, pyruvate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Ultimately, the generation of ROS occurs with the aerobic production of ATP. Although reduced levels of ROS may lead to tolerance against metabolic, mechanical, and oxidative stressors and the generation of brief periods of ROS during ischemia-reperfusion models may limit cellular injury, under most circumstances ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to apoptotic caspase activation and autophagy induction that can result in cellular demise. Yet, new work suggests that ROS generation may have a positive impact through respiratory complex I reverse electron transport that can extend lifespan. Such mechanisms may bring new insight into clinically relevant disorders that are linked to cellular senescence and aging of the body’s system. Further investigation of the potential “bright side” of ROS and mitochondrial respiration is necessary to target specific pathways, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin, nicotinamidases, sirtuins, mRNA decoupling and protein expression, and Wnt signaling, that can impact oxidative stress-ROS mechanisms to extend lifespan and eliminate disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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Challenges and opportunities for stem cell therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 89:767-78. [PMID: 26924058 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health care burden affecting billions of individuals worldwide. The kidney has limited regenerative capacity from chronic insults, and for the most common causes of CKD, no effective treatment exists to prevent progression to end-stage kidney failure. Therefore, novel interventions, such as regenerative cell-based therapies, need to be developed for CKD. Given the risk of allosensitization, autologous transplantation of cells to boost regenerative potential is preferred. Therefore, verification of cell function and vitality in CKD patients is imperative. Two cell types have been most commonly applied in regenerative medicine. Endothelial progenitor cells contribute to neovasculogenesis primarily through paracrine angiogenic activity and partly by differentiation into mature endothelial cells in situ. Mesenchymal stem cells also exert paracrine effects, including proangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activity. However, in CKD, multiple factors may contribute to reduced cell function, including older age, coexisting cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic inflammatory states, and uremia, which may limit the effectiveness of an autologous cell-based therapy approach. This Review highlights current knowledge on stem and progenitor cell function and vitality, aspects of the uremic milieu that may serve as a barrier to therapy, and novel methods to improve stem cell function for potential transplantation.
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Maiese K. Targeting molecules to medicine with mTOR, autophagy and neurodegenerative disorders. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 82:1245-1266. [PMID: 26469771 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are significantly increasing in incidence as the age of the global population continues to climb with improved life expectancy. At present, more than 30 million individuals throughout the world are impacted by acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders with limited treatment strategies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a 289 kDa serine/threonine protein kinase that offers exciting possibilities for novel treatment strategies for a host of neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, stroke and trauma. mTOR governs the programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy that can determine neuronal stem cell development, precursor cell differentiation, cell senescence, cell survival and ultimate cell fate. Coupled to the cellular biology of mTOR are a number of considerations for the development of novel treatments involving the fine control of mTOR signalling, tumourigenesis, complexity of the apoptosis and autophagy relationship, functional outcome in the nervous system, and the intimately linked pathways of growth factors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), protein kinase B (Akt), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent mating type information regulation two homologue one (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) and others. Effective clinical translation of the cellular signalling mechanisms of mTOR offers provocative avenues for new drug development in the nervous system tempered only by the need to elucidate further the intricacies of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, 07101, USA.
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Maiese K. Stem cell guidance through the mechanistic target of rapamycin. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:999-1009. [PMID: 26328016 PMCID: PMC4550632 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i7.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells offer great promise for the treatment of multiple disorders throughout the body. Critical to this premise is the ability to govern stem cell pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), 289-kDa serine/threonine protein kinase, that is a vital component of mTOR Complex 1 and mTOR Complex 2 represents a critical pathway for the oversight of stem cell maintenance. mTOR can control the programmed cell death pathways of autophagy and apoptosis that can yield variable outcomes in stem cell survival and be reliant upon proliferative pathways that include Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and trophic factors. mTOR also is a necessary component for the early development and establishment of stem cells as well as having a significant impact in the regulation of the maturation of specific cell phenotypes. Yet, as a proliferative agent, mTOR can not only foster cancer stem cell development and tumorigenesis, but also mediate cell senescence under certain conditions to limit invasive cancer growth. mTOR offers an exciting target for the oversight of stem cell therapies but requires careful consideration of the diverse clinical outcomes that can be fueled by mTOR signaling pathways.
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New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:875961. [PMID: 26064426 PMCID: PMC4443788 DOI: 10.1155/2015/875961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of oxidative stress are considered critical factors for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disorder that is growing in prevalence and results in significant economic loss. New therapeutic directions that address the detrimental effects of oxidative stress may be especially warranted to develop effective care for the millions of individuals that currently suffer from DM. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are especially justified to be considered treatment targets for DM since these pathways can address the complex relationship between stem cells, trophic factors, impaired glucose tolerance, programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, tissue remodeling, cellular energy homeostasis, and vascular biology that greatly impact the biology and disease progression of DM. The translation and development of these pathways into viable therapies will require detailed understanding of their proliferative nature to maximize clinical efficacy and limit adverse effects that have the potential to lead to unintended consequences.
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