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Choudhary R, Aravamudan K, Renganathan T. Sequentially optimized process towards sustainable synthesis of activated carbon from wild thornbush for 4-nitrophenol and industrial effluent treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24986-25013. [PMID: 38460040 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Environmental nuisance thornbush Prosopis juliflora was utilized as an inexpensive and renewable biomass raw material for the sustainable production of activated carbon. Previously, the sequential muffle furnace-microwave arrangement was effective with acid activation for activated carbon synthesis. However, the intermediate synthesis steps were not optimized. In this work, we have optimized the intermediate steps, viz. chemical impregnation, carbonization, and microwave activation. Sequential optimization for base activation was developed and compared with acid activation. The base-activated carbon (BAC) exhibited a more crystalline nature and faster uptake kinetics than AAC. BAC demonstrated an adsorption capacity of 576 mg/g for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) surpassing that of optimized acid-activated carbon (AAC) by 45%. The optimal base activation required 1.85 times lower microwave energy than that of the acid activation. BAC exhibited significantly higher BET surface area (1319 m2/g) and micropore volume (0.524 cm3/g) which were about 28% and 26% higher than those of AAC. When compared to biochar obtained from the same thornbush, the BAC exhibited an 11-fold increase in adsorption capacity. The adsorbents could be easily regenerated with ethanol and used up to five cycles. Adsorption using BAC also could achieve 80% COD removal for industrial wastewater, while AAC led to 61% removal. Continuous packed column with BAC revealed a breakthrough time of 3.5 h for industrial effluent while for 500 mg/L 4-nitrophenol, it was 25 h. Prosopis juliflora thornbush, an environmental nuisance, could be converted into a high-capacity adsorbent for environmental remediation after careful sequencing and optimization of the intermediate synthesis steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Choudhary
- CHL 205A, Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Kannan Aravamudan
- CHL 205A, Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Thiruvengadam Renganathan
- CHL 205A, Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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Vukojević Medvidović N, Svilović S. Cyclic zinc capture and zeolite regeneration using a column method, mass transfer analysis of multi regenerated bed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 21:333-353. [PMID: 37869600 PMCID: PMC10584803 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of wastewater and reuse of purified water in an industrial process can provide an alternative source of fresh water as well as reduce pollution load by discharging a lower quantity of wastewater. When adsorption is used for treatment, the regeneration of the used adsorbent may also account for a large portion of the operational cost and cause secondary pollution. This problem may be solved by cyclic repetition of adsorption/regeneration cycles using a column method. In this paper, a total of nine successive cycles of zinc capture and zeolite bed regeneration using a column method have been investigated. The derived form of the breakthrough curve was used for analysing mass transfer in the column. For that purpose, the Dose-response, the Thomas, the Bohart-Adams, the Yoon-Nelson and the Wolborska models were used for modelling the breakthrough curve by nonlinear regression analysis. Simulation results and mathematical similarities between the models were discussed. This is the first study that used derived form of Dose-response model to analyse the inflection points of the breakthrough curve and mass transfer during nine consecutive sorption-regeneration cycles of zinc ions on natural zeolite. Obtained peak shape rate profiles were analysed for all cycles. Optimal operation conditions were evaluated with respect to the inflection point, the model parameters, and the residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Svilović
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđer Bošković 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
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3
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Gupta A, Vyas RK. Evaluation of acyclovir adsorption on granular activated carbon from aqueous solutions: batch and fixed-bed parametric studies. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2023; 77:1-14. [PMID: 37362788 PMCID: PMC10100619 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to assess the adsorptive potential of carbonaceous material for the acyclovir (ACVR) removal from the aquatic environment using batch and fixed-bed processes. In batch mode, the impact of various process conditions (contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial ACVR concentration, and temperature) on ACVR adsorption was investigated. Experimental results revealed that Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately represent the ACVR adsorption mechanism, indicating homogeneous adsorption. The process was found exothermic and spontaneous. Thermodynamic studies concluded that adsorption is a result of both physisorption and chemisorption. To understand the dynamic regime for the design of large-scale column studies, experimental data obtained from breakthrough curve were fitted to various analytical kinetic models. Yan model followed by Thomas model demonstrated a greater correlation of breakthrough data, confirming that the results are significant and are in line with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic. G-AC exhibits sufficient adsorption capacity for ACVR. Hence, it is concluded that it can be used in a fixed-bed column in continuous mode for the treatment of ACVR-contaminated wastewater. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-023-02810-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017 India
| | - Raj K. Vyas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017 India
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Dinesha BL, Hiregoudar S, Nidoni U, Ramappa KT, Dandekar AT, Ganachari SV. Adsorption modelling and fixed-bed column study on milk processing industry wastewater treatment using chitosan zinc-oxide nano-adsorbent-coated sand filter bed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37547-37569. [PMID: 36574133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a chitosan-zinc oxide nano-adsorbent-coated sand (CZOCS) filter bed for getting rid of milk processing industry wastewater (MPIW) in a safe way. Chitosan zinc oxide nano-adsorbent (CZnO) of 88.35 ± 2.89 d.nm size was used to coat naturally available sand through a calcination process at 200 °C for a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The characteristics of the diffraction peaks and functional groups are attributed to the nature of CZnO loading on the sand surface. The increase in breakthrough and exhaustion times is caused by the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of influent having more time to interact with the adsorbent as bed height increases, resulting in higher reduction efficiencies. Lower bed heights (10 cm) which saturate faster than higher bed heights (40 cm) result in a shorter mass transfer time. Adsorption capacity at the 95% column exhaustion point increased from 611.04 to 1089.63 mg/g for BOD and from 4512.29 to 5600.81 mg/g for COD. Different kinds of kinetic models have been used to forecast breakthrough curves employing experimental data. Statistical and error function parameters were used to choose the best-fit model. Among the models investigated, the Thomas model was shown to be the best-fit with the highest R-square values of 0.9942 and 0.9939. The CZOCS has high reusability and could be used for up to six cycles of organic pollutant adsorption. Aside from that, novel CZOCS could be used to clean real MPIW, and making it one of the most promising adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharanagouda Hiregoudar
- Centre for Nanotechnology, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, India
| | - Udaykumar Nidoni
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, India
| | - Kotrappa Thowdur Ramappa
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, India
| | - Anilkumar T Dandekar
- College of Agriculture, Mandya, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 571 401, India
| | - Sharanabasava V Ganachari
- Centre for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, India
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High efficiency removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from brassware using raw coal: kinetic adsorption and optimized process. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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Tejada-Tovar C, Villabona-Ortíz A, González-Delgado Á. Adsorption Study of Continuous Heavy Metal Ions (Pb 2+, Cd 2+, Ni 2+) Removal Using Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) Pod Husks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15196937. [PMID: 36234277 PMCID: PMC9573097 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The serious toxicological effects of heavy metal ions in aquatic ecosystems have motivated the search for alternatives to reduce contamination of water sources from industrial wastewater. In this work, continuous adsorption of nickel, cadmium, and lead was assessed using a packed bed column filled with Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husks widely available in the northern region of Colombia. The physicochemical characterization of the agricultural biomass was performed to quantify its chemical composition by bromatological, FT-IR, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The breakthrough curves were constructed for all heavy metal ions with bed depth of 4 and 7.5 cm, taking aliquots at 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, and 270 min. Moreover, experimental data were fitted to adsorption models in continuous mode to predict adsorptive performance (Adams−Bohart, Thomas, and Yoon−Nelson). For the FT-IR analysis of biomass before and after adsorption, the most representative bands occur around 3200−3900 cm−1 attributed to the presence of hydroxyl groups, showing the destruction of the peaks of lignocellulosic materials. The breakthrough curves revealed that for a 7.5 cm bed, adsorption performance reported the following order of promising results: Pb2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+; while for a 4 cm bed, Pb2+ > Ni2+. The mechanism of adsorption of the evaluated metals onto cocoa pod husk was attributed to cationic exchange and microprecipitation due to the presence of Ca, K, and Si in the structure of the bio-adsorbent. Finally, the continuous adsorption was modeled under the mathematical expressions of Adams−Bohart, Thomas, and Yoon−Nelson reporting good fitting with correlation coefficient above 0.95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Process Design and Biomass Utilization Research Group (IDAB), Universidad de Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado St. 30, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia
| | - Angel Villabona-Ortíz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Process Design and Biomass Utilization Research Group (IDAB), Universidad de Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado St. 30, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia
| | - Ángel González-Delgado
- Chemical Engineering Department, Nanomaterials and Computer Aided Process Engineering Research Group (NIPAC), Universidad de Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado St. 30, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia
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A Review of the Dynamic Mathematical Modeling of Heavy Metal Removal with the Biosorption Process. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosorption has great potential in removing toxic effluents from wastewater, especially heavy metal ions such as cobalt, lead, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and other ions. Mathematically modeling of biosorption process is essential for the economical and robust design of equipment employing the bioadsorption process. However, biosorption is a complex physicochemical process involving various transport and equilibrium processes, such as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange and surface and interfacial phenomena. The biosorption process becomes even more complex in cases of multicomponent systems and needs an extensive parametric analysis to develop a mathematical model in order to quantify metal ion recovery and the performance of the process. The biosorption process involves various process parameters, such as concentration, contact time, pH, charge, porosity, pore size, available sites, velocity and coefficients, related to activity, diffusion and dispersion. In this review paper, we describe the fundamental physical and chemical processes involved in the biosorption of heavy metals on various types of commonly employed biosorbents. The most common steady state and dynamic mathematical models to describe biosorption in batch and fixed-bed columns are summarized. Mathematical modeling of dynamic process models results in highly coupled partial differential equations. Approximate methods to study the sensitivity analysis of important parameters are suggested.
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Portable SA/CMC entrapped bimetallic magnetic fly ash zeolite spheres for heavy metals contaminated industrial effluents treatment via batch and column studies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3430. [PMID: 35236886 PMCID: PMC8891350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are perceived as a significant environmental concern because of their toxic effect, bioaccumulation, and persistence. In this work, a novel sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) entrapped with fly ash derived zeolite stabilized nano zero-valent iron and nickel (ZFN) (SA/CMC-ZFN), followed by crosslinking with CaCl2, is synthesized and applied for remediation of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from industrial effluent. The characterization of the adsorbent and its surface mechanism for removing metals were investigated using advanced instrumental techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, SEM–EDX, BET, and XPS. The outcomes from the batch experiments indicated that monolayer adsorption on homogeneous surfaces (Langmuir isotherm model) was the rate-limiting step in both heavy metals sorption processes. The maximum adsorption capacity of as-prepared SA/CMC-ZFN was 63.29 and 10.15 mg/g for Cu(II) and Cr(VI), respectively. Owing to the fact that the wastewater released from industries are large and continuous, a continuous column is installed for simultaneous removal of heavy metal ions from real industrial wastewater. The outcomes revealed the potential of SA/CMC-ZFN as an efficient adsorbent. The experimental breakthrough curves fitted well with the theoretical values of Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. Overall, the results indicated that SA/CMC-ZFN is a viable, efficient, and cost-effective water treatment both interms of batch and column processes.
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Bisht D, Sinha S, Nigam S, Bisaria K, Mehrotra T, Singh R. Adsorptive decontamination of paper mill effluent by nano fly ash: response surface methodology, adsorption isotherm and reusability studies. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:1662-1676. [PMID: 33843750 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, adsorption of colour and other pollutants from agro-based paper mill effluent onto fabricated coal fly ash nanoparticles (CFA-N) have been investigated. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the operational conditions for maximum ouster of colour from effluent by nano structured CFA-N. Maximum reduction in colour (92.45%) and other pollutants were obtained at optimum conditions: 60 min interaction time, 60 g/L adsorbent dosage and 80 rpm agitation rate. The regression coefficient values (adjusted R2 = 0.7169; predicted R2 = 0.7539) established harmony between predicted and the experimental data. The adsorption equilibrium results matched perfectly with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with maximum adsorption capacity of 250 platinum-cobalt/g. Additionally, the efficacy of CFA-N was also assessed in a continuous column mode. Furthermore, the feasibility of treated effluent for irrigation purpose was checked by growing the plant Solanum lycopersicum. Overall, the findings demonstrated the outstanding role of inexpensive and abundantly available CFA-N in treatment of paper mill effluent to the required compliance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bisht
- Centre for Fly Ash Research and Management, New Delhi, India; † These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Surbhi Sinha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail: ; † These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sonal Nigam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail:
| | - Kavya Bisaria
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail:
| | - Tithi Mehrotra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail:
| | - Rachana Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail:
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Danish M, Ansari KB, Aftab RA, Danish M, Zaidi S, Trinh QT. gPROMS-driven modeling and simulation of fixed bed adsorption of heavy metals on a biosorbent: benchmarking and case study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 30:10.1007/s11356-021-13207-y. [PMID: 33674977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adsorptive separation of heavy metals from wastewater is a viable approach to reuse it and avoid environmental pollution. The productive employment of adsorptive separation at a commercial scale, however, relies on the optimized conditions of an adsorber bed holding maximum and selective isolation of the heavy metals. The experimental route includes a significant trial and error approach, is time-consuming, involves operating cost, and remains economically unattractive. Contrarily, simulation of a mathematical model mimicking the adsorption system along with experimental validation can significantly minimize optimization efforts and suggests the best conditions of separation. In this work, a convective-dispersive model and adsorption model for fixed bed adsorption of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) metals over wheat bran biosorbent are simulated using the gPROMS tool for benchmarking. The influence of feed flow rate, bed height, and metal concentration is studied, and breakthrough profiles of all heavy metals are predicted and matched with the literature. The error values (R2 and RMSE) and Chi-squared values determined from gPROMS simulations matched well with the previously available MATLAB-simulated data. After a successful benchmarking, we modeled pilot-scale adsorption of Cr on coconut coir (or Biosorbent) in a gPROMS simulation environment. A detailed method and algorithm of gPROMS simulation for Cr isolation is provided. The influence of feed flow rate, bed height, and initial metal concentration is studied on the breakthrough curves of the Cr. The optimum operating condition for the pilot-scale isolation of Cr from the water is suggested. The parameters, such as the axial dispersion coefficient and distribution coefficient, are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Danish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India
| | - Khursheed B Ansari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India
| | - Rameez Ahmad Aftab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India
- Department of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India
| | - Mohammad Danish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India.
| | - Sadaf Zaidi
- Department of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang, 550000, Vietnam
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Kumkum P, Kumar S. Evaluation of Lead (Pb(II)) Removal Potential of Biochar in a Fixed-bed Continuous Flow Adsorption System. J Health Pollut 2020; 10:201210. [PMID: 33324507 PMCID: PMC7731498 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb(II)) exposure from drinking water consumption is a serious concern due to its negative health effect on human physiology. A commercially available filter uses the adsorption potential of activated carbon for removing heavy metals like Pb(II). However, it has some constraints since it uses only surface area for the adsorption of these contaminants. Biochar produced via slow pyrolysis of biomass shows the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface that take part in the adsorption process, with higher removal potential compared to activated carbon. OBJECTIVES The current study examined the adsorption kinetics and mechanisms of Pb(II) removing potential of biochar from water using a fixed-bed continuous flow adsorption system. METHODS The effect of initial Pb(II) concentration, mass of adsorbent (bed depth), and flow rate on adsorption potential were evaluated. The Adams-Bohart model, Thomas model, and Yoon-Nelson model were applied to the adsorption data. RESULTS The maximum removal efficiency of Pb(II) was 88.86 mg/g. The result illustrated that the Yoon-Nelson model is the best fit to analyze the adsorption phenomena of Pb(II) in a fixed-bed biochar column. CONCLUSIONS The breakthrough data obtained from this study can be utilized to design a point of use filter that would be able to effectively remove Pb(II) from drinking water. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpita Kumkum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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12
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Verduzco-Navarro IP, Rios-Donato N, Jasso-Gastinel CF, Martínez-Gómez ÁDJ, Mendizábal E. Removal of Cu(II) by Fixed-Bed Columns Using Alg-Ch and Alg-ChS Hydrogel Beads: Effect of Operating Conditions on the Mass Transfer Zone. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102345. [PMID: 33066244 PMCID: PMC7602086 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions at a pH of 5.0 was carried out using fixed-bed columns packed with alginate-chitosan (Alg-Ch) or alginate-chitosan sulfate (Alg-ChS) hydrogel beads. The effect of the initial Cu(II) concentration, flow rate, pH, and height of the column on the amount of Cu removed by the column at the breakpoint and at the exhaustion point is reported. The pH of the solution at the column's exit was initially higher than that at the entrance, and then decreased slowly. This pH increase was attributed to proton transfer from the aqueous solution to the amino and COO- groups of the hydrogel. The effect of operating conditions on the mass transfer zone (MTZ) and the length of the unused bed (HLUB) is reported. At the lower flow rate and lower Cu(II) concentration used, the MTZ was completely developed and the column operated efficiently; by increasing column height, the MTZ has a better opportunity to develop fully. Experimental data were fitted to the fixed-bed Thomas model using a non-linear regression analysis and a good correspondence between experimental and Thomas model curves was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Paulina Verduzco-Navarro
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (I.P.V.-N.); (N.R.-D.)
| | - Nely Rios-Donato
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (I.P.V.-N.); (N.R.-D.)
| | - Carlos Federico Jasso-Gastinel
- Chemical Engineering Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (C.F.J.-G.); (Á.d.J.M.-G.)
| | - Álvaro de Jesús Martínez-Gómez
- Chemical Engineering Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (C.F.J.-G.); (Á.d.J.M.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Mendizábal
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (I.P.V.-N.); (N.R.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-83-6660
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13
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Dima JB, Ferrari M, Zaritzky N. Mathematical Modeling of Fixed-Bed Columns Adsorption: Hexavalent Chromium onto Chitosan Flakes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena B Dima
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (CCT CONICET- CENPAT). Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Chubut U9120, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Bv. Almirante Brown 3051, Chubut U9120, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Calle 1 y 47 - La Plata B1900TAG, Argentina
| | - Mariano Ferrari
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Bv. Almirante Brown 3051, Chubut U9120, Argentina
- Centro Para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CCT CONICET- CENPAT). Bv. Almirante Brown 2915 U9120, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Noemi Zaritzky
- Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Calle 1 y 47 - La Plata B1900TAG, Argentina
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Continuous Adsorption Modeling and Fixed Bed Column Studies: Adsorption of Tannery Wastewater Pollutants Using Beach Sand. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7613484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the removal of residual pollutants from tanning wastewater by continuous adsorption mechanism, using local sand as a low-cost adsorbent. The possibility of pretreating a complex tannery effluent heavily loaded with a natural material such as sand is significant. The characterization of the adsorbent before and after continuous adsorption was performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Column studies were also carried out to evaluate the performance of the adsorbent and the efficiency of column adsorption. The adsorption kinetic rate seems to be strongly influenced by certain parameters such as the particle size of the material used, the withdrawal rate of the influent and the height of the adsorbent bed, and optimized parameters were found to be 63 μm, 15 ml·min−1, and 7 cm, respectively, and the color removal has achieved maximum values which vary between 95 and 100%. The results suggest that sand can be used as an economical adsorbent for the removal of color from the wastewater of the tanning industries.
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Morris S, Garcia-Cabellos G, Ryan D, Enright D, Enright AM. Low-cost physicochemical treatment for removal of ammonia, phosphate and nitrate contaminants from landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:1233-1244. [PMID: 31328626 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1633855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four low-cost materials, oyster shells, pumice stone, sand and zeolite were employed as adsorbents in an adsorption batch assays investigating the removal of ammonia, phosphate and nitrate from an aqueous solution. These compounds were chosen as they represent typical compounds found in landfill leachate (LFL). Assay performance was evaluated by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The top two materials, oyster shells and pumice stone, were employed as adsorbents in a fixed-bed column trial examining the effect of bed height and flow rate on the treatment of a synthetic LFL. The trial concluded that the highest rates of adsorption were achieved using bed heights of 20 cm with a flow rate of 5 mL min-1. After optimization, the system was employed for the treatment of LFL from Powerstown landfill, Carlow, Ireland. Ammonia and nitrate were effectively removed by both adsorption materials resulting in a reduction of influent ammonia and nitrate concentrations to below the national discharge limits set for these compounds of ≤4 mg L-1 and ≤50 mg L-1, respectively. In contrast, although similar high removal efficiencies were observed for phosphate, these rates were not maintained during the test period with overall results indicating reduced phosphate adsorption in comparison to the other compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Morris
- EnviroCore, Institute of Technology Carlow , Carlow , Ireland
| | | | - David Ryan
- EnviroCore, Institute of Technology Carlow , Carlow , Ireland
| | - Deirdre Enright
- Institute of Technology Tralee, Clash, Tralee , Co. Kerry, Ireland
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Kumari R, Dey S. A breakthrough column study for removal of malachite green using coco-peat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1263-1271. [PMID: 31267776 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A continuous adsorption study in a fixed bed column using coco-peat (CP) as an adsorbent was carried out for the removal of toxic malachite green (MG) from contaminated water. Fixed bed column studies were carried out to check field application viability. Various parameters like particle size, pH, concentration, dose and interference were exercised to optimize dye removal. Data obtained from breakthrough column studies were evaluated using Thomas and BDST model. Thomas rate constants Kt (0.22 ml min-1 mg-1) and adsorption capacity qo (181.04 mg g-1) were estimated and found to favor efficiency of CP. Thomas model was tested with several parameters like flow rate, concentration, and bed depth. Upon increase in input dye concentration, flow rate and bed height, adsorption coefficients increased. According to BDST model, maximum dye uptake of 468.26 mg/l was obtained with an input dye concentration of 5 mg/l. HYBRID and MPSD error functions were tested and found that Thomas model fits best. Dilute hydrochloric acid was found best for desorption. Real wastewater from textile industry was analyzed and confirmed the prospect of large-scale industrial application. In conclusion, coco-peat can be used as a promising bio-sorbent in column bed for scavenging of MG from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Kumari
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Jharkhand , Ranchi , India
| | - Soumen Dey
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Jharkhand , Ranchi , India
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Niu Z, Zhang S, Ma M, Wang Z, Zhao H, Wang Y. Synthesis of novel waste batteries-sawdust-based adsorbent via a two-stage activation method for Pb 2+ removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4730-4745. [PMID: 30565108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The novel waste alkaline battery-sawdust-based adsorbents (WABAs) are prepared by a two-stage activation method with the negative electrode materials as activator and different doping ratio of the positive electrode materials and pine sawdust as raw materials. The characteristics of the WABAs are analyzed by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and specific surface determination (SBET). The Pb2+ adsorption properties of the WABAs are studied by changing the pH of solution, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature. It turns out that when the doping mass ratio is 1:4, the optimum performance of the WABAs is obtained, and comparing with the samples prepared by pure biomass, the iodine adsorption value, total acid groups, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) separately increased by 13, 106, and 22%, respectively. Kinetic studies show that the pseudo-second-order model is more suitable for describing the Pb2+ adsorption process and the Langmuir isotherm provides better fitting to the equilibrium data. The thermodynamic parameters indicate the adsorption process would be spontaneous and endothermic. Besides, the prepared WABAs could be reused for 5 cycles with high removal efficiency. This study provides an alternative route for waste alkaline battery treatment. Graphical abstract The schematic diagram of synthesis of waste batteries-sawdust-based adsorbent via a two-stage activation method for Pb2+ removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Niu
- School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaokang Zhang
- School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Ma
- School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Wang
- School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyang Zhao
- School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
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Hymavathi D, Prabhakar G. Modeling of cobalt and lead adsorption by Ficus benghalenesis L. in a fixed bed column. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1555532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla Hymavathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Garimella Prabhakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mojiri A, Ohashi A, Ozaki N, Shoiful A, Kindaichi T. Pollutant Removal from Synthetic Aqueous Solutions with a Combined Electrochemical Oxidation and Adsorption Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1443. [PMID: 29987230 PMCID: PMC6068636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eliminating organic and inorganic pollutants from water is a worldwide concern. In this study, we applied electrochemical oxidation (EO) and adsorption techniques to eliminate ammonia, phenols, and Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions. We analyzed the first stage (EO) with response surface methodology, where the reaction time (1⁻3 h), initial contaminant concentration (10⁻50 mg/L), and pH (3⁻6) were the three independent factors. Sodium sulfate (as an electrolyte) and Ti/RuO₂⁻IrO₂ (as an electrode) were used in the EO system. Based on preliminary experiments, the current and voltage were set to 50 mA and 7 V, respectively. The optimum EO conditions included a reaction time, initial contaminant concentration, and pH of 2.4 h, 27.4 mg/L, and 4.9, respectively. The ammonia, phenols, and Mo elimination efficiencies were 79.4%, 48.0%, and 55.9%, respectively. After treating water under the optimum EO conditions, the solution was transferred to a granular composite adsorbent column containing bentonite, limestone, zeolite, cockleshell, activated carbon, and Portland cement (i.e., BAZLSC), which improved the elimination efficiencies of ammonia, phenols, and molybdenum(VI) to 99.9%. The energy consumption value (8.0 kWh kg−1 N) was detected at the optimum operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Ahmad Shoiful
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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