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Qiu Q, Fu F, Wu Y, Han C, Pu W, Wen L, Xia Q, Du D. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its anthraquinone derivatives: Potential candidates for pancreatitis treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155708. [PMID: 38733906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatitis is a common exocrine inflammatory disease of the pancreas and lacks specific medication currently. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RR) and its anthraquinone derivatives (AQs) have been successively reported for their pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms in experimental and clinical pancreatitis. However, an overview of the anti-pancreatitis potential of RR and its AQs is limited. PURPOSE To summarize and analyze the pharmacological effects of RR and its AQs on pancreatitis and the underlying mechanisms, and discuss their drug-like properties and future perspectives. METHODS The articles related to RR and its AQs were collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, PubMed, and the Web of Science using relevant keywords from the study's inception until April first, 2024. Studies involving RR or its AQs in cell or animal pancreatitis models as well as structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and clinical trials were included. RESULTS Most experimental studies are based on severe acute pancreatitis rat models and a few on chronic pancreatitis. Several bioactive anthraquinone derivatives of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RRAQs) exert local protective effects on the pancreas by maintaining pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis, inhibiting inflammatory signaling, and anti-fibrosis, and they improve systemic organ function by alleviating intestinal and lung injury. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies have revealed the low bioavailability and wide distribution of RRAQs, as well as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, there is insufficient research on the clinical application of RRAQs in pancreatitis. Furthermore, we propose effective strategies for subsequent improvement in terms of balancing effectiveness and safety. CONCLUSION RRAQs can be developed as either candidate drugs or novel lead structures for pancreatitis treatment. The comprehensive review of RR and its AQs provides references for optimizing drugs, developing therapies, and conducting future studies on pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Fu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yaling Wu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Chenxia Han
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomarker Discovery and Validation, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine (PUMCH), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dan Du
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China.
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Yang Q, Luo Y, Ge P, Lan B, Liu J, Wen H, Cao Y, Sun Z, Zhang G, Yuan H, Zhang L, Chen H. Emodin Ameliorates Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Modulating Exosome-Specific miRNA Expression Profiles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6743-6761. [PMID: 38026528 PMCID: PMC10657551 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s428924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous preclinical investigations have exhibited the beneficial impact of emodin (EMO) on the management of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-associated acute lung injury (ALI). However, the potential of EMO to mitigate organ damage through the modulation of exosome (Exo)-specific miRNA expression profiles remains unclear. Methods The SAP rat model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic bile duct. Rats received intragastric administration of EMO at 2 h and 12 h post-modeling. Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)-derived exosomes were isolated and purified from SAP rats treated with EMO. The therapeutic effects of these Exos in SAP rats were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and measurement of inflammatory factor levels. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing was conducted on plasma and BALF-derived Exos, and rescue experiments were performed to investigate the function of NOVEL miR-29a-3p in the treatment of SAP using EMO. Results EMO exhibits ameliorative effects on pancreatic and lung injury and inflammation in rats with SAP. Plasma/BALF-derived Exos from EMO-treated SAP rats also have therapeutic effects on SAP rats. The miRNA expression profile of plasma and BALF-derived Exos in SAP rats underwent significant changes upon exposure to EMO. In particular, 34 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified when comparing BALF-SAP+EMO-Exo and BALF-SAP-Exo. 39 DEmiRNAs were identified when comparing plasma-SAP+EMO-Exo to plasma-SAP-Exo. We found that SAP rats treated with Exos derived from BALF exhibited a more potent therapeutic response than those treated with Exos derived from plasma. EMO may rely on NOVEL-rno-miR-29a-3p expression to prevent pulmonary injury in SAP rats. Conclusion The mechanism of action of EMO is observed to have a significant impact on the miRNA expression profile of Exos derived from plasma and BALF in SAP rats. NOVEL-rno-miR-29a-3p, which is specific to Exos, and is derived from BALF, may play a crucial role in the therapeutic efficacy of EMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowen Lan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Wen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxuan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiming Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
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Deng J, Song Z, Li X, Shi H, Huang S, Tang L. Role of lncRNAs in acute pancreatitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1257552. [PMID: 37842644 PMCID: PMC10569178 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1257552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal diseases characterized by an injury and inflammatory disorder of the pancreas with complicated pathological mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes in humans, and they have emerged as potential biomarkers of diagnosis and therapeutic targets in various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown significant alterations in the expression of lncRNAs, which are involved in the pathogenesis of AP, such as premature trypsinogen activation, impaired autophagy, inflammatory response, and acinar cell death. Moreover, lncRNAs can be the direct target of AP treatment and show potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis. Thus, in this review, we focus on the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of AP and emphasize the future directions to study lncRNAs in AP, providing new insight into understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AP and seeking novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapeutic targets to improve clinical management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziying Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiqing Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangqing Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Vorobjeva N, Dagil Y, Pashenkov M, Pinegin B, Chernyak B. Protein kinase C isoforms mediate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109448. [PMID: 36436472 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs) in response to numerous pathogenic microbes as the last suicidal resource (NETosis) in the fight against infection. Apart from the host defense function, NETs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETosis is important for regulating the aberrant or excessive NET release. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase which is involved in various neutrophil functions, however, little is known about its implication in NETosis activated by various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Since there are conventional, novel and atypical PKC isoforms (α, βI, βII, δ, and ζ) found in human neutrophils, we investigated their impact in NETosis, oxidative burst and spreading applying pharmacological approach. Using specific inhibitors of PKC isoforms, we showed that PKCβ, PKCδ, and PKCζ are involved in the oxidative burst, spreading and NETosis activated by calcium ionophore A23187, while only PKCβ is implicated in these functions activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The data obtained in our study might help in the development of new drugs useful for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases associated with NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vorobjeva
- Dept. Immunology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Mikhail Pashenkov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Pinegin
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Chernyak
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Aslani MR, Amani M, Masrori N, Boskabady MH, Ebrahimi HA, Chodari L. Crocin attenuates inflammation of lung tissue in ovalbumin-sensitized mice by altering the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Biofactors 2022; 48:204-215. [PMID: 34856021 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The present study aimed to investigate the reducing or suppressing effects of crocin in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice on ER stress markers. Mice were divided into six groups (n = 5 per group) including control, OVA-sensitized (OVA), OVA-treated crocin (OVA-Cr25, OVA-Cr50, and OVA-Cr100 mg/kg), and OVA-treated dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), (OVA-Dexa) groups. Animals 5 later groups were sensitized to OVA and the treatment groups received intraperitoneally crocin/dexamethasone in the last 5 days of the model. At the end of the study, lung tissue was evaluated for airway inflammation, caspase 12 and CHOP protein levels, and expression of ER stress markers using real-time-PCR. Sensitization with OVA significantly caused airway inflammation and induction of ER stress in mice compared to the control group based on the elevated inflammatory cells and ER stress markers in the lung tissue. Treatment with crocin and dexamethasone reduced airway inflammation and suppressed ER stress markers. Interestingly, in the OVA-Cr100 group, the suppressive effects on ER stress apoptotic markers were comparable to the OVA-Dexa group. The results suggest that crocin mediates maladaptive ER stress conditions possibly by creating adaptive ER stress status and driving protein folding correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Neghin Masrori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Zheng Q, Li S, Li X, Liu R. Advances in the study of emodin: an update on pharmacological properties and mechanistic basis. Chin Med 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34629100 PMCID: PMC8504117 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, also known as rhubarb or Da Huang, has been widely used as a spice and as traditional herbal medicine for centuries, and is currently marketed in China as the principal herbs in various prescriptions, such as Da-Huang-Zhe-Chong pills and Da-Huang-Qing-Wei pills. Emodin, a major bioactive anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, represents multiple health benefits in the treatment of a host of diseases, such as immune-inflammatory abnormality, tumor progression, bacterial or viral infections, and metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence has made great strides in clarifying the multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms underlying the efficacious therapeutic potential of emodin, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic properties. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated summary of recent developments on these pharmacological efficacies and molecular mechanisms of emodin, with a focus on the underlying molecular targets and signaling networks. We also reviewed recent attempts to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities of emodin by structural modification and novel material-based targeted delivery. In conclusion, emodin still has great potential to become promising therapeutic options to immune and inflammation abnormality, organ fibrosis, common malignancy, pathogenic bacteria or virus infections, and endocrine disease or disorder. Scientifically addressing concerns regarding the poor bioavailability and vague molecular targets would significantly contribute to the widespread acceptance of rhubarb not only as a dietary supplement in food flavorings and colorings but also as a health-promoting TCM in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Chen P, Lin D, Wang C, Song C, Wang W, Qu J, Wu Z. Proteomic Analysis of Emodin Treatment in Neuropathic Pain Reveals Dysfunction of the Calcium Signaling Pathway. J Pain Res 2021; 14:613-622. [PMID: 33707969 PMCID: PMC7943569 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s290681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is a syndrome of pain mediated by distinct pathophysiological processes, and current treatments are not fully satisfactory. Emodin is an effective component of Chinese traditional medicine and has an alleviating effect on NP, but the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Methods We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique integrated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to identify potential targets of emodin in a rat peripheral nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Results A total of 177 differentially expressed proteins were identified among the sham group, CCI group, and emodin group, with a threshold of 1.2-fold change and a P value ≤ 0.05. Among them, 100 differentially expressed proteins (51 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated) were identified in the CCI group compared with sham group. Moreover, 108 differentially expressed proteins (65 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated) were identified in the emodin group with the CCI group as reference. The enrichment analysis of Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed an important role of calcium signaling pathway, neurotransmitter regulation, and long-term potentiation (LTP) in emodin-treated CCI model. Real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis revealed that emodin decreased expression of calcium signaling related proteins, including calmodulin (CaM) dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1), protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase C (PKA), and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), compared with the CCI group. Conclusion Overall, these findings indicated that emodin might alleviate NP by regulating the calcium signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Lin
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiwen Song
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglian Qu
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Su Z, Liu F. Effects of functionally diverse calpain system on immune cells. Immunol Res 2021; 69:8-17. [PMID: 33483937 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of nonlysosomal cysteine proteases, which play important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Locations of them dictates the functions so that they are classified as ubiquitously expressed calpains and tissue-specific calpains. Recent studies are mainly focused on conventional calpains (calpain-1,2) in development and diseases, and increasing people pay attention to other subtypes of calpains but may not been summarized appropriately. Growing evidence suggests that calpains are also involved in immune regulation. However, seldom articles review the regulation of calpains on immune cells. The aim of this article is to review the research progress of each calpain isozyme and the effect of calpains on immune cells, especially the promotion effect of calpains on the immune response of macrophage, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killed cells, and lymphocytes. These effects would hold great promise for the clinical application of calpains as a practicable therapeutic option in the treatment of immune related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Xu C, Luo Y, Ntim M, Quan W, Li Z, Xu Q, Jiang L, Zhang J, Shang D, Li L, Zhang G, Chen H. Effect of emodin on long non-coding RNA-mRNA networks in rats with severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1851-1866. [PMID: 33438315 PMCID: PMC7882958 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to disease pathogenesis and drug treatment effects. Both emodin and dexamethasone (DEX) have been used for treating severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (SAP-ALI). However, lncRNA regulation networks related to SAP-ALI pathogenesis and drug treatment are unreported. In this study, lncRNAs and mRNAs in the lung tissue of SAP-ALI and control rats, with or without drug treatment (emodin or DEX), were assessed by RNA sequencing. Results showed both emodin and DEX were therapeutic for SAP-ALI and that mRNA and lncRNA levels differed between untreated and treated SAP-ALI rats. Gene expression profile relationships for emodin-treated and control rats were higher than DEX-treated and -untreated animals. By comparison of control and SAP-ALI animals, more up-regulated than down-regulated mRNAs and lncRNAs were observed with emodin treatment. For DEX treatment, more down-regulated than up-regulated mRNAs and lncRNAs were observed. Functional analysis demonstrated both up-regulated mRNA and co-expressed genes with up-regulated lncRNAs were enriched in inflammatory and immune response pathways. Further, emodin-associated lncRNAs and mRNAs co-expressed modules were different from those associated with DEX. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrates selected lncRNA and mRNA co-expressed modules were different in the lung tissue of emodin- and DEX-treated rats. Also, emodin had different effects compared with DEX on co-expression network of lncRNAs Rn60_7_1164.1 and AABR07062477.2 for the blue lncRNA module and Nrp1 for the green mRNA module. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that emodin may be a suitable alternative or complementary medicine for treating SAP-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Michael Ntim
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weili Quan
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiushi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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10
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Xia S, Ni Y, Zhou Q, Liu H, Xiang H, Sui H, Shang D. Emodin Attenuates Severe Acute Pancreatitis via Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity. Inflammation 2020; 42:2129-2138. [PMID: 31605249 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is no specific drug to treat severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which induces substantial medical and social burden. Many studies have reported the beneficial effects of emodin against SAP in vivo and in vitro. However, the underlying mechanism has been unclear. This paper described the design and implementation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of emodin. Emodin restored the pathological damage of SAP and simultaneously decreased the high levels of serum amylase, lipase, TNF-α, and IL-18 in the peripheral blood of SAP rat. Emodin reversed reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils derived from SAP rat. The levels of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and IL-18 were examined to analyze the change of inflammasome-related mediators between SAP and emodin treatment. These findings suggest that emodin plays its protective role on SAP against oxidative stress and inflammasome signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Yujia Ni
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, No. 568, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.
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11
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Wang X, Xu J, Li J, Cheng Y, Liu L, Du Z. Effect of regional arterial infusion combined with early enteral nutrition on severe acute pancreatitis. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:6235-6243. [PMID: 31662003 PMCID: PMC7045663 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519880760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To measure the therapeutic effects of regional arterial infusion (RAI) in combination with early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods A prospective randomized controlled study enrolled patients with SAP. They were randomly divided into a conventional treatment group that served as the control and a combination therapy group that received RAI combined with EEN. The Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, the levels of serum biochemical indices, functional recovery, the incidence of complications and total effectiveness rate were evaluated. Results A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study. The APACHE II scores and the concentrations of blood glucose, serum amylase, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-17 were significantly decreased, while albumin and serum calcium and total effectiveness rate in the combination therapy group were significantly higher than in the conventional treatment group. The combination therapy group had a significantly reduced time to abdominal pain relief, time of first defaecation, hospital stay and incidence of complications compared with the conventional treatment group. Conclusion The combination of RAI and EEN improved clinical biochemical indices, reduced the incidence of complications and promoted early recovery in patients with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinbu Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiguang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yajuan Cheng
- Intensive Care Unit, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Intensive Care Unit, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Evidence That the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Rubiadin-1-methyl Ether Has an Immunomodulatory Context. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6474168. [PMID: 31780865 PMCID: PMC6874871 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6474168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of the latest therapeutic developments, no effective treatments for handling critical conditions such as acute lung injuries have yet been found. Such conditions, which may result from lung infections, sepsis, multiple trauma, or shock, represent a significant challenge in intensive care medicine. Seeking ways to better deal with this challenge, the scientific community has recently devoted much attention to small molecules derived from natural products with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Aims In this context, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Rubiadin-1-methyl ether isolated from Pentas schimperi, using an in vitro model of RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by LPS and an in vivo model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS. Methods The macrophages were pretreated with the compound and induced by LPS (1 μg/mL). After 24 h, using the supernatant, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, NOx, and IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, as well as the effect of the compound on macrophage apoptosis. Next, the compound was administered in mice with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS (5 mg/kg), and the pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters were analyzed after 12 h using the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Results Rubiadin-1-methyl ether was able to inhibit the pro-inflammatory parameters studied in the in vitro assays (NOx, IL-6, and IL-1β) and, at the same time, increased the macrophage apoptosis rate. In the in vivo experiments, this compound was capable of decreasing leukocyte infiltration; fluid leakage; NOx; IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels; and MPO activity. In addition, Rubiadin-1-methyl ether increased the IL-10 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Conclusions These findings support the evidence that Rubiadin-1-methyl ether has important anti-inflammatory activity, with evidence of an immunomodulatory effect.
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13
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Sun Z, Li L, Qu J, Li H, Chen H. Proteomic analysis of therapeutic effects of Qingyi pellet on rodent severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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14
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Zhou R, Zhang J, Bu W, Zhang W, Duan B, Wang X, Yao L, Li Z, Li J. A New Role for the Spleen: Aggravation of the Systemic Inflammatory Response in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2233-2245. [PMID: 31430464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of the spleen in mediating systemic inflammatory responses in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). We investigated the role played by the spleen in rats after SAP induction. Splenectomy was performed at designated time points after SAP induction. Pancreatic tissue and serum samples were collected and subjected to histologic, immunohistochemical, and immunologic analyses. After SAP induction, the splenic immune response was enhanced during SAP progression, as shown by the increased diameter of the splenic periarterial lymphatic sheath and the thickness of the splenic marginal zone. Rats with splenectomy developed acute pancreatitis more slowly than rats without splenectomy. In addition, pancreatic tissues of rats with splenectomy contained lower levels of serum amylase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 and exhibited less acinar cell death, leukocyte infiltration, and interstitial edema than those of rats without splenectomy. Compared with splenectomy alone, cotreatment with splenectomy and the administration of splenic cells originating from a rat with SAP 12 hours after induction increased systemic inflammation in SAP rats. Splenic factors exacerbated SAP-associated liver and lung injury and accentuated intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. Splenectomy altered the serum cytokine profile in rats with SAP. In a rat model of SAP, the spleen exacerbated the systematic inflammatory responses and injury to multiple organs, indicating a new role for the spleen in SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangjun Bu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Yao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Cheng C, Dong W. Aloe-Emodin Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Dependent Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6331-6339. [PMID: 30199885 PMCID: PMC6142869 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, colorectal cancer has become a more common type of tumor in the world. Research has reported that several kinds of single compounds of Chinese herbs have shown anti-tumor activity in colorectal cancer. Aloe-emodin (AE), a natural compound extract from Aloe Vera, has been discovered to suppress cell proliferation and accelerate apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells. Whether AE exerts an effect on colorectal cancer cells has not yet been investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we examined the impact of AE on SW620 and HT29 colorectal cancer cell lines. After treatment with various concentrations of AE (10, 20, and 40 μM), cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytosolic calcium level, and related gene expression were analyzed. RESULTS Our results indicated that AE suppressed cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in SW620 and HT29 cell lines. Furthermore, both cell lines when exposed to AE generated ROS, which induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We then detected the expression of ER stress-related proteins and cytosolic calcium levels. We found that cells exposure to AE had upregulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) proteins like glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (p-eIF2α), and transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Meanwhile, we detected an increased cytosolic calcium content followed by the upregulation of the calpain-1, calpain-2 and caspase-12. CHOP and caspase-12 are important regulatory factors leading to cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS AE might serve as a candidate in the treatment of colorectal cancer through inducing ER stress-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Ning JW, Zhang Y, Yu MS, Gu ML, Xu J, Usman A, Ji F. Emodin alleviates intestinal mucosal injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis via the caspase-1 inhibition. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:431-436. [PMID: 28823375 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emodin, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a therapeutic effect on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), whereas the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Studies showed that the intestinal mucosa impairment, and subsequent release of endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, which further leads to the dysfunction of multiple organs, is the potentially lethal mechanism of SAP. Caspase-1, an IL-1β-converting enzyme, plays an important role in this cytokine cascade process. Investigation of the effect of emodin on regulating the caspase-1 expression and the release proinflammatory cytokines will help to reveal mechanism of emodin in treating SAP. METHODS Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 each group): SAP, sham-operated (SO), emodin-treated (EM) and caspase-1 inhibitor-treated (ICE-I) groups. SAP was induced by retrograde infusion of 3.5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Emodin and caspase-1 inhibitor were given 30 minutes before and 12 hours after SAP induction. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and endotoxin, histopathological alteration of pancreas tissues, intestinal mucosa, and the intestinal caspase-1 mRNA and protein expressions were assessed 24 hours after SAP induction. RESULTS Rats in the SAP group had higher serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 (P<0.05), pancreatic and gut pathological scores (P<0.05), and caspase-1 mRNA and protein expressions (P<0.05) compared with the SO group. Compared with the SAP group, rats in the EM and ICE-I groups had lower IL-1β and IL-18 levels (P<0.05), lower pancreatic and gut pathological scores (P<0.05), and decreased expression of intestine caspase-1 mRNA (P<0.05). Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy found that rats in the SAP group had vaguer epithelial junctions, more disappeared intercellular joints, and more damaged intracellular organelles compared with those in the SO group or the EM and ICE-I groups. CONCLUSIONS Emodin alleviated pancreatic and intestinal mucosa injury in experimental SAP. Its mechanism may partly be mediated by the inhibition of caspase-1 and its downstream inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18. Our animal data may be applicable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Mo-Sang Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Li Gu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Division of Emergency, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Usman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Wu J, Gao L, Shang L, Wang G, Wei N, Chu T, Chen S, Zhang Y, Huang J, Wang J, Lin R. Ecdysterones from Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin reduce hippocampal excitotoxic cell loss and upregulate mTOR signaling in rats. Fitoterapia 2017; 119:158-167. [PMID: 28373010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is a key pathological mechanism in many neurological disease states. Ecdysterones derived from Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin (RCI) have been shown to alleviate glutamate-induced neuronal damage; although their mechanism of action is unclear, some data suggest that they enhance signaling in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. This study sought to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ecdysterone-mediated neuroprotection. We used in silico target prediction and simulation methods to identify putative ecdysterone binding targets, and to specifically identify those that represent nodes where several neurodegenerative diseases converge. We then used histological analyses in a rat hippocampal excitotoxicity model to test the effectiveness of ecdysterones in vivo. We found that RCI-derived ecdysterones should bind to glutamatergic NMDA-type receptors (NMDARs); specifically, in vivo modeling showed binding to the GRIN2B subunit of NMDARs, which was found also to be a node of convergence in several neurodegenerative disease pathways. Computerized network construction by using pathway information from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database showed putative links between GRIN2B and mTOR pathway elements including phosphoinositide-3kinase (PI3K), mTOR, and protein kinase C (PKC); these elements are associated with neuronal survival. Brain tissue western blots of ecdysterone-treated rats showed upregulated PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and phosphorylated Akt and mTOR, and down regulated GRIN2B and the apoptotic enzyme cleaved caspase-3. Ecdysterone treatment also prevented glutamate-induced rat hippocampal cell loss. In summary, RCI-derived ecdysterones appear to prevent glutamatergic excitotoxicity by increasing mTOR/Akt/PI3K signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Le Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Shang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nana Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tiantian Chu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Suping Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
| | - Ruichao Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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18
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Liu W, Yuan Q, Guo S, Fu Z. Emodin in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Treatment. Chin Med 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2017.84008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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