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Dissanayake DMIH, Alsherbiny MA, Stack C, Chang D, Li CG, Kaur K, Bhuyan DJ. Exploring the broad-spectrum pharmacological activity of two less studied Australian native fruits: chemical characterisation using LCMS-driven metabolomics. Food Funct 2024; 15:6610-6628. [PMID: 38812404 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Australian fruits such as native currant (Acrotriche depressa) and lemon aspen (Acronychia acidula) are under-examined in terms of their therapeutic potential. In this study, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of native currant and lemon aspen extracts (water and ethanol) against MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells was determined using the Alamar blue assay. The most potent extracts (native currant water, NC-W; native currant ethanol, NC-Et; lemon aspen ethanol, LA-Et) were further evaluated using flow cytometry to detect the potential induction of apoptosis in MCF7 cells whereas 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assay was implemented to understand the impact of the extracts on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MCF7 cells. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using ABTS [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)], and CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) assays. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of NC-W, NC-Et, and LA-Et was carried out against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and yeast (Candida albicans) strains using a resazurin-based assay. Additionally, potential metabolites in the NC-W and NC-Et extracts were analysed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) driven metabolomics and chemometrics to spot differential and major metabolites. A dose-dependent antiproliferative activity was conferred by the NC extracts against MCF7 cells. Of the two LA extracts, only LA-Et showed a dose-dependent antiproliferative activity at higher concentrations. Both NC extracts and LA-Et induced apoptosis in MCF7 cells. None of the extracts increased the production of ROS significantly in MCF7 cells compared to the untreated control. A dose-dependent antioxidant activity was observed in both antioxidant assays. Both NC and LA extracts showed a similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against S. aureus. Only LA-Et showed activity against E. coli, while NC-W and NC-Et were less active. All extracts showed MIC values of >1500 μg mL-1 against C. albicans. The metabolomics analysis revealed an abundance of flavonoids, fatty acyl derivatives, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, and alkaloid compounds as potential bioactive metabolites in the NC extracts. In conclusion, both NC and LA showed antiproliferative (against MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells through the induction of apoptosis), strong antioxidant and minimal antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad A Alsherbiny
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Innovation Centre, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Colin Stack
- School of Science, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- School of Science, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia
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Mathew S, Zhou X, Münch G, Raju R. Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Australian Native Plants Based on their Ethnopharmacological Knowledge. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400492. [PMID: 38700281 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation represents the inherent protective reaction of the human body to various harmful agents and noxious stimuli. Standard anti-inflammatory therapy including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with several side effects. In the past decades, people rely on medicinal plants for the treatment of inflammation. The traditional utilization of medicinal plants is regarded as a safe, cost-effective, and broadly accepted approach. In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of plants traditionally utilized by the D'harawal people in Australia has been assessed in vitro. Eighty Australian native plants were screened based on the Dharawal Pharmacopeia for their inhibitory effect on the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages for their anti-inflammatory activity. From the eighty ethanolic extracts screened, seventeen displayed potent NO inhibition with an IC50 recorded below 15 μg/mL. The aim of this review was to utilise the ethnopharmacological knowledge and to correlate the anti-inflammatory activity of the seventeen plants with either their known or unknown phytochemicals reported in the literature. In doing so, we have created a snapshot of Australian native plant candidates that warrant further chemical investigation associated with their anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintu Mathew
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Crouzier L, Meunier J, Carles A, Morilleau A, Vrigneau C, Schmitt M, Bourguignon JJ, Delprat B, Maurice T. Convolamine, a tropane alkaloid extracted from Convolvulus plauricalis, is a potent sigma-1 receptor-positive modulator with cognitive and neuroprotective properties. Phytother Res 2024; 38:694-712. [PMID: 38011416 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM By using an in vivo phenotypic screening assay in zebrafish, we identified Convolamine, a tropane alkaloid from Convulvus plauricalis, as a positive modulator of the sigma-1 receptor (S1R). The wfs1abKO zebrafish larva, a model of Wolfram syndrome, exhibits an increased visual-motor response due to a mutation in Wolframin, a protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria communication. We previously reported that ligand activating S1R, restored the cellular and behavioral deficits in patient fibroblasts and zebrafish and mouse models. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES We screened a library of 108 repurposing and natural compounds on zebrafish motor response. KEY RESULTS One hit, the tropane alkaloid Convolamine, restored normal mobility in wfs1abKO larvae without affecting wfs1abWT controls. They did not bind to the S1R agonist/antagonist binding site nor dissociated S1R from BiP, an S1R activity assay in vitro, but behaved as a positive modulator by shifting the IC50 value of the reference agonist PRE-084 to lower values. Convolamine restored learning in Wfs1∆Exon8 , Dizocilpine-treated, and Aβ25-35 -treated mice. These effects were observed at low ~1 mg/kg doses, not shared by Convolvine, the desmethyl metabolite, and blocked by an S1R antagonist. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Convolamine therefore acts as an S1R positive modulator and this pharmacological action is relevant to the traditional use of Shankhpushpi in memory and cognitive protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Crouzier
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Johann Meunier
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Allison Carles
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Axelle Morilleau
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Delprat
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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4
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Maiyo ZC, Njeru SN, Toroitich FJ, Indieka SA, Obonyo MA. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the people of Mosop, Nandi County in Kenya. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1328903. [PMID: 38313073 PMCID: PMC10834697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1328903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Throughout the history, nature has provided mankind with most of their basic needs, which include food, shelter, medicine, clothes, flavours, scents as well as raw materials. Given that they are an integral part of cultural heritage, medicinal plants have played a significant role in human healthcare systems around the world. Investigating various biological resources for use as medicines requires ethnomedicinal studies. Methods: Data on utilization of ethnomedicinal plants from local healers in Kenya's Mosop Sub-County in Nandi County was documented through open-ended, semi-structured questionnaires. A number of quantitative indices, such as the Use Citation (UC), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Use Value (UV), Frequency of Citation (FoC) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were used to convey the potential medical benefits, vitality and variety of the ethnomedicine. Results: 102 informants provided information on 253 ethnomedicinal plant species, classified into 74 families. There were 249 native plant species identified, along with few exotic species: Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Persea americana Mill, Carica papaya L. and Solanum betaceum Cav. Of all recorded species, 32% and 27% were herbs and trees, respectively. Among plant parts, leaves were most frequently utilized (27%) and roots (26%), while decoctions (21%) were the most widely used formulations. The dominant family was Asteraceae, with 28 species, followed by Lamiaceae, with 19 species. The highest ICF value was 0.778 for a number of parasitic and infectious illnesses, including ringworms, athlete's foot rot, tetanus, typhoid, intestinal parasites, abscesses, malaria, and amoebiasis. The study's data validates the region's widespread use of traditional medicinal plant remedies. Conclusion: The current study will lay a foundation of knowledge for future research investigations. The abundance of knowledge regarding ethnomedicinal species and their medicinal applications will stimulate further phytochemical and pharmacological research, which could lead to the discovery of potentially significant pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Maiyo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Njoro, Kenya
| | - S N Njeru
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research (CTMDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - F J Toroitich
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya
| | - S A Indieka
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Njoro, Kenya
| | - M A Obonyo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Njoro, Kenya
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Zhang J, Netzel ME, Pengelly A, Sivakumar D, Sultanbawa Y. A Review of Phytochemicals and Bioactive Properties in the Proteaceae Family: A Promising Source of Functional Food. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1952. [PMID: 38001805 PMCID: PMC10669417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, natural plant-based foods have been increasingly used to improve human health due to unhealthy modern dietary patterns, such as the consumption of foods high in sugar and fat. Many indigenous species have been used by Aboriginal peoples for their food and therapeutic properties. Thus, it is important to understand the health-enhancing bioactive profile of Australian indigenous species. The Proteaceae family, such as the genera of Protea, Macadamia, and Grevillea, have been commercially used in the horticulture and food industries. Researchers have reported some findings about Persoonia species, one of the genera in the Proteaceae family. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the family Proteaceae and the genus Persoonia, including distribution, traditional and commercial uses, phytochemicals, bioactive properties, potential opportunities, and challenges. In this review, bioactive compounds and their properties related to the health benefits of the Proteaceae family, particularly the Persoonia genus, were reviewed for potential applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhang
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; (J.Z.); (M.E.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Michael E. Netzel
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; (J.Z.); (M.E.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Andrew Pengelly
- Indigenous Plants for Health Association, 196 Bridge St, Muswellbrook, NSW 2333, Australia;
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; (J.Z.); (M.E.N.); (D.S.)
- Phytochemical Food Network, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; (J.Z.); (M.E.N.); (D.S.)
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6
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Grazul M, Kwiatkowski P, Hartman K, Kilanowicz A, Sienkiewicz M. How to Naturally Support the Immune System in Inflammation-Essential Oils as Immune Boosters. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2381. [PMID: 37760822 PMCID: PMC10525302 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient functionality of the immune system is needed to fight against the development of infectious diseases, including, among others, serious recurrent chronic infections. Research has shown that many modern common diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cardiovascular diseases, e.g., thromboembolism, cancer, obesity, or depression, are connected with inflammatory processes. Therefore, new, good stimulators of the immune system's response are sought. They include synthetic compounds as well as biological preparations such as lipopolysaccharides, enzymes, bacterial metabolites, and secondary metabolites of plants, demonstrating a multidirectional effect. Essential oils are characterized by many invaluable activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating. Essential oils may stimulate the immune system via the utilization of their constituents, such as antibodies, cytokines, and dendritic cells. Some essential oils may stimulate the proliferation of immune-competent cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and B and T lymphocytes. This review is focused on the ability of essential oils to affect the immune system. It is also possible that essential oil components positively interact with recommended anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs. Thus, there is a need to explore possible synergies between essential oils and their active ingredients for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grazul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kacper Hartman
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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7
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Kumar P, Mathew S, Gamage R, Bodkin F, Doyle K, Rossetti I, Wagnon I, Zhou X, Raju R, Gyengesi E, Münch G. From the Bush to the Brain: Preclinical Stages of Ethnobotanical Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Drug Discovery-An Australian Example. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11086. [PMID: 37446262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Australian rainforest is a rich source of medicinal plants that have evolved in the face of dramatic environmental challenges over a million years due to its prolonged geographical isolation from other continents. The rainforest consists of an inherent richness of plant secondary metabolites that are the most intense in the rainforest. The search for more potent and more bioavailable compounds from other plant sources is ongoing, and our short review will outline the pathways from the discovery of bioactive plants to the structural identification of active compounds, testing for potency, and then neuroprotection in a triculture system, and finally, the validation in an appropriate neuro-inflammatory mouse model, using some examples from our current research. We will focus on neuroinflammation as a potential treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) for these plant-derived, anti-inflammatory molecules and highlight cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) as a better alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payaal Kumar
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rashmi Gamage
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Frances Bodkin
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- Indigenous Health Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ingrid Wagnon
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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8
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Pries R, Jeschke S, Leichtle A, Bruchhage KL. Modes of Action of 1,8-Cineol in Infections and Inflammation. Metabolites 2023; 13:751. [PMID: 37367909 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoterpene 1,8-Cineol is a natural plant-based therapeutic agent that is commonly applied to treat different inflammatory diseases due to its mucolytic, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. It has become increasingly clear in the recent years that 1,8-Cineol spreads almost everywhere in the human body after its oral administration, from the gut to the blood to the brain. Its anti-microbial potential and even its anti-viral effects have been observed to include numerous bacteria and fungi species. Many recent studies help to better understand the cellular and molecular immunological consequences of 1,8-Cineol treatment in inflammatory diseases and further provide information concerning the mechanistic modes of action in the regulation of distinct inflammatory biosynthetic pathways. This review aims to present a holistic and understandable overview of the different aspects of 1,8-Cineol in infections and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Pries
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jeschke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
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Sabry MM, Abdel-Rahman RF, Fayed HM, Taher AT, Ogaly HA, Albohy A, El-Gayed SH, Ibrahim RM. Impact of Eucalyptus maculata Hook resin exudate constituents on reducing COX-2 gene expression: In-vivo anti-inflammatory, molecular docking and dynamics studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116631. [PMID: 37172920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucalyptus maculata Hook from the Myrtaceae family is a native Australian plant that is frequently cultivated in Egypt. Many Eucalyptus species, including E. maculata, were widely used by the Dharawal, the indigenous Australian people, for their anti-inflammatory properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of E. maculata resin exudate, its methylene chloride and n-butanol fractions, as well as the isolated compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS the ethanol extract was partitioned by methylene chloride, and n-butanol saturated with water. The fractions were chromatographed to isolate pure compounds. In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract, the fractions at a dose of 200 mg/Kg, and the isolated compounds (20 mg/Kg) was estimated using carrageenan-induced rat paws edema method against indomethacin (20 mg/Kg). The activity was supported by histopathological and biochemical parameters. RESULTS Three isolated compounds were identified as aromadendrin (C1), 7-O-methyl aromadendrin (C2), and naringenin (C3). Our findings demonstrated that the tested fractions significantly reduced the paw edema starting from the 3rd to the 5th hour as compared to the positive control, compounds C2 and C3 showed the greatest significant reduction in paw edema. The ethanol extract, fractions, C2, and C3 demonstrated an anti-inflammatory potential through reducing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2, as well as COX-2 protein expression compared to the negative control. These results were supported by molecular docking, which revealed that the isolated compounds had high affinity to target COX-1 and COX-2 active sites with docking scores ranging from -7.3 to -9.6 kcal mol-1 when compared to ibubrofen (-7.8 and -7.4 kcal mol-1, respectively). Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed and confirmed the docking results. CONCLUSION The results supported the traditional anti-inflammatory potency of E. maculata Hook, and the biochemical mechanisms underlying this activity were highlighted, opening up new paths for the development of potent herbal anti-inflammatory medicine. Finally, our findings revealed that E. maculata resin constituents could be considered as promising anti-inflammatory drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hany M Fayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Azza T Taher
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 October University, 6th October, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt; Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| | - Sabah H El-Gayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 October University, 6th October, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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10
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Mathew S, Raju R, Zhou X, Bodkin F, Govindaraghavan S, Münch G. A Method and Formula for the Quantitative Analysis of the Total Bioactivity of Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076850. [PMID: 37047821 PMCID: PMC10094874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of bioactive natural products from plants starts with the screening of extracts for a desired bioactivity such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, or neuroprotective. When the bioactivity shows sufficient potency, the plant material is subjected to bio-activity-guided fractionation, which involves, e.g., sequential extraction followed by chromatographic separation, including HPLC. The bioactive compounds are then structurally identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). One of the questions that come up during the purification process is how much of the bioactivity originally present in the crude extract is preserved during the purification process. If this is the case, it is interesting to investigate if the loss of total bioactivity is caused by the loss of material during purification or by the degradation or evaporation of potent compounds. A further possibility would be the loss of synergy between compounds present in the mixture, which disappears when the compounds are separated. In this publication, a novel formula is introduced that allows researchers to calculate total bioactivity in biological samples using experimental data from our research into the discovery of anti-inflammatory compounds from Backhousia myrtifolia (Grey Myrtle). The results presented show that a raw ethanolic extract retains slightly more bioactivity than the sum of all sequential extracts per gram of starting material and that—despite a large loss of material during HPLC purification—the total bioactivity in all purified fractions is retained, which is indicative of rather an additive than a synergistic principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintu Mathew
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Francis Bodkin
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | | | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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11
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Anti-Struvite, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Saussurea costus (Falc) Lipsch Asteraceae. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020667. [PMID: 36677724 PMCID: PMC9866937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Saussurea costus (Falc) Lipsch is a traditional herb used to treat kidney stone problems because it contains several molecules used to treat this health problem, such as quercitrin. Infectious stones are the most painful of all urinary tract disorders, with ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbapatite stones being the most common, caused by a bacterial infection with urease activity. These stones are treated with antibiotics, but antibiotic resistance is on the rise. The current study investigated the anti-urolithic activities of S. costus aqueous and ethanolic extracts of against struvite crystals synthesized using microscopic crystallization and turbidimetric methods, respectively. The utilized methods indicated that the ethanolic extract of this plant has a significant inhibitory effect on struvite crystallization, with a percentage inhibition of (87.45 ± 1.107) (p < 0.001) for a concentration of 1 mg mL−1 and a decrease in the number of struvite crystals, reaching values less than 100/mm3. For the number of struvite crystals inhibited by cystone, we found a value of 400/mm3 and with the aqueous extract we found 700/mm3. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts studied was examined against several urease-producing bacteria, and this activity was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods; the highest minimum inhibitory concentration was seen in the ethanolic extract, with an MIC of 50 mg mL−1 for Staphylococcus aureus followed by an MIC of 200 mg mL−1 for Klebsiella pneumoniae. It showed a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae (>50 mg mL−1 and >200 mg mL−1, respectively). Furthermore, to determine the extract’s anti-inflammatory activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in rats. The results show that at a dose of 400 mg kg−1, the ethanolic extract has a maximum edema inhibition of 66%.
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Moreira P, Matos P, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Batista MT, Branco PC, Cruz MT, Pereira CF. Forest Biomass as a Promising Source of Bioactive Essential Oil and Phenolic Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158812. [PMID: 35955963 PMCID: PMC9369093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people worldwide. Currently, there are no effective treatments for AD able to prevent disease progression, highlighting the urgency of finding new therapeutic strategies to stop or delay this pathology. Several plants exhibit potential as source of safe and multi-target new therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Meanwhile, Eucalyptus globulus extracts revealed important pharmacological activities, namely antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can contribute to the reported neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and phenolic extracts obtained from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, disclosing major compounds and their effects on AD-relevant pathological features, including deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), abnormalities in GABAergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In general, 1,8-cineole is the major compound identified in EO, and ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin were described as main compounds in phenolic extracts from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. EO and phenolic extracts, and especially their major compounds, were found to prevent several pathological cellular processes and to improve cognitive function in AD animal models. Therefore, Eucalyptus globulus leaves are a relevant source of biological active and safe molecules that could be used as raw material for nutraceuticals and plant-based medicinal products useful for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Fragão Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Essential Oil from Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) Activates Complement Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis and Stimulates Podosome Formation in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113488. [PMID: 35684426 PMCID: PMC9182017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus essential oil and its major constituent eucalyptol are extensively employed in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries and their clinical use has recently expanded worldwide as an adjuvant in the treatment of infective and inflammatory diseases. We previously demonstrated that essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) (EO) stimulates in vitro the phagocytic activity of human monocyte-derived macrophages and counteracts the myelotoxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil in immunocompetent rats. Here we characterize some mechanistic aspects underlying the immunostimulatory ability exerted by EO on macrophages. The internalization of fluorescent beads, fluorescent zymosan BioParticles, or apoptotic cancer cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release was determined by flow cytometry using the BD cytometric bead array. Receptor involvement in EO-stimulated phagocytosis was assessed using complement- or IgG-opsonized zymosan particles. The localization and expression of podosome components was analyzed by confocal microscopy and western blot. The main results demonstrated that: EO-induced activation of a macrophage is ascribable to its major component eucalyptol, as recently demonstrated for other cells of innate immunity; EO implements pathogen internalization and clearance by stimulating the complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis; EO stimulates podosome formation and increases the expression of podosome components. These results confirm that EO extract is a potent activator of innate cell-mediated immunity and thereby increase the scientific evidence supporting an additional property of this plant extract besides the known antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Khumalo GP, Van Wyk BE, Feng Y, Cock IE. A review of the traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory pain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114436. [PMID: 34289396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammation is a serious global concern due to its debilitating symptoms, resulting in considerable suffering and lost productivity. Chronic and auto-immune inflammatory diseases are of particular concern. Several pharmaceutical therapies are already available. However, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) is accompanied by harmful and toxic side effects. Hence, the search for safer alternative therapeutics with limited side effects is imperative. The use of medicinal plants is common practice amongst the southern African population and may provide targets for drug development. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to review and document the medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of southern African medicinal plants used for inflammation and pain-related ailments. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive literature review was undertaken to identify southern African plants used traditionally to treat inflammation. A variety of ethnobotanical books and grey literature, as well as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus search engines were used as sources of information. RESULTS This review identified 555 medicinal plants from 118 families which were traditionally used in southern Africa to treat inflammation and pain. Fabaceae was the most prominent family with 63 species, followed by Asteraceae (54 species) and Apocynaceae (33 species). The top category of ailments indicated include non-specific inflammation with 150 species, followed by inflammatory pain (148 species), headache (114 species) and toothache (114 species). CONCLUSION Despite a large number of southern African medicinal plants used to treat inflammation and pain, relatively few have been screened for their anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, biologically active plant extracts have been tested against relatively few inflammatory markers and considerable further work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugulethu P Khumalo
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Griffith Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Ben Erik Van Wyk
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Griffith Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Ian E Cock
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
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Prasad S, Kulshreshtha A, Lall R, Gupta SC. Inflammation and ROS in arthritis: management by Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Food Funct 2021; 12:8227-8247. [PMID: 34302162 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic joint inflammatory disorders like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which are manifested by joint dysfunction, show an upsurge in inflammation and oxidative stress. Although conventional anti-arthritic drugs are being used to relieve pain from arthritic symptoms, they usually cause severe side effects. Traditionally used Ayurvedic medicinal plants are a promising alternative for the management of arthritic symptoms, as they are safe and effective. Ayurvedic medicinal plants improve arthritic symptoms by reducing joint tenderness, joint pain, swelling, bone and cartilage damage, and increasing knee flexion, walking distance and sports activities. These beneficial effects of Ayurvedic medicinal plants on arthritis are mediated through various cellular mechanisms including inhibition of the inflammatory markers NF-κB, cytokines, adipokines, PGE2, NO, iNOS, COX-2, and MMPs and induction of antioxidant status by decreasing free radicals, lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase, and increasing antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2, and HO-1. Thus, a strategy requires using these Ayurvedic medicinal plants to treat arthritis. This article describes the status of inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritic conditions. We also provide evidence that Ayurvedic medicinal plants and their bioactive components are highly effective in improving arthritic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Alok Kulshreshtha
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Rajiv Lall
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Marahatha R, Gyawali K, Sharma K, Gyawali N, Tandan P, Adhikari A, Timilsina G, Bhattarai S, Lamichhane G, Acharya A, Pathak I, Devkota HP, Parajuli N. Pharmacologic activities of phytosteroids in inflammatory diseases: Mechanism of action and therapeutic potentials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5103-5124. [PMID: 33957012 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives are known to be useful for treating numerous diseases since ancient times. Because of their high therapeutic potentials, the use of different medicinal plants is possible to treat varied inflammation-mediated chronic diseases. Among natural products, phytosteroids have emerged as promising compounds mostly because they have diverse pharmacological activities. Currently, available medications exert numerous systemic toxicities, including hypertension, immune suppression, osteoporosis, and metabolic abnormalities. Thus, further research on phytosteroids to subside these complications is of significant importance. In this study, the information on phytosteroids, their types, and actions against inflammation, and allergic complications was collected by a systematic survey of literature on several scientific search engines. The literature review suggested that phytosteroids exhibit antiinflammatory action via different modes through transrepression or selective COX-2 enzymes. Also, in silico ADMET analysis was carried out on available phytosteroids to uncover their pharmacokinetic properties. Our analysis has shown that eight compounds: withaferin A, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, guggulsterone, diosgenin, sarsasapogenin, physalin A, and dioscin, -isolated from medicinal plants show similar pharmacokinetic properties as compared to dexamethasone, commercially available glucocorticoid. These phytosteroids could be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, systematic research is required to explore potent phytosteroids with lesser side effects, which might substitute the current medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Marahatha
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kabita Gyawali
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kabita Sharma
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Narayan Gyawali
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Parbati Tandan
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashma Adhikari
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Grishma Timilsina
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Salyan Bhattarai
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ganesh Lamichhane
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashis Acharya
- Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ishwor Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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Mani JS, Johnson JB, Hosking H, Ashwath N, Walsh KB, Neilsen PM, Broszczak DA, Naiker M. Antioxidative and therapeutic potential of selected Australian plants: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113580. [PMID: 33189842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous common pharmaceuticals, including anti-cancer, antiviral and antidiabetic drugs, are derived from traditional plant-derived medicines. With approximately 25,000 species of flora occurring in Australia that are adapted to the harsh environment, there is a plethora of novel compounds awaiting research in the context of their medicinal properties. Anecdotal accounts of plant-based medicines used by the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples clearly illustrates high therapeutic activity. AIM This review aims to demonstrate the medicinal potentials of selected native Australian plants based on scientific data. Furthermore, it is anticipated that work presented here will contribute towards enhancing our knowledge of native plants from Australia, particularly in the prevention and potential treatment of disease types such as cancer, microbial and viral infections, and diabetes. This is not meant to be a comprehensive study, rather it is meant as an overview to stimulate future research in this field. METHODS The EBSCOhost platform which included PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for papers using the keywords: medicinal plants, antioxidative, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-tumor, antiviral or antidiabetic, as well as Australian, native, traditional and plants. The selection criteria for including studies were restricted to articles on plants used in traditional remedies which showed antioxidative potential and therapeutic properties such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral and antidiabetic activity. RESULTS Some plants identified in this review which showed high Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and antioxidative capacity, and hence prominent bioactivity, included Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C. Sm., Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell, Eucalyptus species, Syzygium species, Backhousia citriodora F.Muell., Petalostigma species, Acacia species, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, Eremophila species, Prostanthera rotundifolia R.Br., Scaevola spinescens R. Br. and Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd. The majority of studies found polar compounds such as caffeic acid, coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, anthocyanins, hesperidin, kaempferol, catechin, ellagic acid and saponins to be the active components responsible for the therapeutic effects. Additionally, mid to non-polar volatile organic compounds such as meroterpenes (serrulatanes and nerol cinnamates), monoterpenes (1,8-cineole and myodesert-1-ene), sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenes, that are known only in Australian plants, have also shown therapeutic properties related to traditional medicine. CONCLUSION Australian plants express a diverse range of previously undescribed metabolites that have not been given full in vitro assessment for human health potential. This review has included a limited number of plant species of ethnomedicinal significance; hundreds of plants remain in need of exploration and detailed study. Future more elaborate studies are therefore required to screen out and purify lead bioactive compounds against numerous other disease types. This will not only improve our knowledge on the phytochemistry of Australian native flora, but also provide a platform to understand their health-promoting and bioactive effects for pharmaceutical interventions, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and as functional foods. Finally, plant-derived natural compounds (phytochemicals), as well as plant-based traditional remedies, are significant sources for latent and novel drugs against diseases. Extensive investigation of native medicinal plants may well hold the key to novel drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice S Mani
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia; Institute of Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia.
| | - Joel B Johnson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia; Institute of Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia
| | - Holly Hosking
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia
| | - Nanjappa Ashwath
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia; Institute of Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia
| | - Kerry B Walsh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia; Institute of Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia
| | - Paul M Neilsen
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia
| | - Daniel A Broszczak
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (Q-Block), Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, QLD, Australia
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia; Institute of Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia
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Venigalla M, Roberts TL, Raju R, Mrad M, Bodkin F, Kopp K, Doyle K, Münch G. Identification of tetragocarbone C and sideroxylin as the most potent anti-inflammatory components of Syncarpia glomulifera. Fitoterapia 2021; 150:104843. [PMID: 33539940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to ancient Western and Asian cultures, medicinal plants of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia have not been as intensively studied for their molecular composition and molecular bioactivity. Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera is a species in the plant family Myrtaceae. The resin of the plant has been traditionally used by the D'harawal people of Western Sydney to heal inflamed sores and ulcers. Hence, the anti-inflammatory activity of its leaf extract was investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophage and N11 microglia cell lines to isolate and identify the most active compounds. One new compound, tetragocarbone C, and three known compounds, tetragocarbone B, sideroxylin, and lumaflavanone A showed potent anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating nitric oxide and TNF-α production in LPS and IFN-γ stimulated cells. Except for the less potent tetragocarbone B, all compounds had an IC50 value (for nitric oxide downregulation) of <10 μg/mL and moderate cytotoxicity in both cell lines. The molecular targets along pro-inflammatory signaling pathways were further investigated in RAW 264.7 cells. All four compounds suppressed phosphorylation of ERK, c-Jun, and limited the phosphorylation of STAT-1 and STAT-3 in response to LPS and IFN-γ activation. The four compounds also suppressed NF-κB activation by preventing the translocation of the p65 subunit into the nucleus. Collectively, these findings suggest that the compounds isolated from Syncarpia glomulifera, especially tetragocarbone C and sideroxylin are promising anti-inflammatory agents, and could be further investigated for the treatment of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Venigalla
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tara Laurine Roberts
- School of Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Mrad
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Frances Bodkin
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katja Kopp
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- Indigenous Health Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Nakamura T, Yoshida N, Yamanoi Y, Honryo A, Tomita H, Kuwabara H, Kojima Y. Eucalyptus oil reduces allergic reactions and suppresses mast cell degranulation by downregulating IgE-FcεRI signalling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20940. [PMID: 33262354 PMCID: PMC7708995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus oil has been used since ancient times for its bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and sedative effects. In recent years, the action of Eucalyptus oil has been scientifically proven, and there have been reports that Eucalyptus oil suppresses the production of chemokines, cytokines and lipid mediators in basophils, alveolar macrophages and monocytes. Based on this information, we aimed to verify whether Eucalyptus oil can be used for allergic dermatitis, the incidence of which has been increasing among human skin diseases. This effect was verified using a mouse IgE-mediated local allergic model. In conclusion, topical application of Eucalyptus oil suppressed oedema and vascular permeability enhancement due to IgE-mediated allergic on the skin. In addition, we also verified the degranuration of mast cells, which is a part of its action, and examined whether 1,8-cineole, which is the main component of Eucalyptus oil, suppresses the phosphorylation of PLCγ and p38 directly or indirectly. 1,8-cineole was found to suppress degranulation of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan.
| | - Naoki Yoshida
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan
| | - Yu Yamanoi
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan
| | - Akira Honryo
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuwabara
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kojima
- Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd, 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan
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The reciprocal EC50 value as a convenient measure of the potency of a compound in bioactivity-guided purification of natural products. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Llaique H, Villalobos M, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Ezzat SM, Salem MA, Zayed A, Salgado Castillo CM, Yazdi SE, Sen S, Acharya K, Sharopov F, Martins N. Insights into Eucalyptus genus chemical constituents, biological activities and health-promoting effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sharman MJ, Verdile G, Kirubakaran S, Parenti C, Singh A, Watt G, Karl T, Chang D, Li CG, Münch G. Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Natural Products and Phytomedicines. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:457-480. [PMID: 30900203 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have revealed key neuropathological features, such as the deposition of aggregates of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). These pathological protein deposits, including Aβ peptides (which form senile plaques) and hyperphosphorylated tau (which aggregates into NFTs), have been assumed to be 'the cause of AD'. Aβ has been extensively targeted to develop an effective disease-modifying therapy, but with limited clinical success. Emerging therapies are also now targeting further pathological processes in AD, including neuroinflammation. This review focuses on the inflammatory and oxidative stress-related changes that occur in AD, and discusses some emerging anti-inflammatory natural products and phytomedicines. Many of the promising compounds are cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs), which target the proinflammatory AP1 and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways and inhibit the expression of many proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, or nitric oxide produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, many of these phytomedicines have not been tested in rigorous clinical trials in AD patients. It is not yet clear if the active compounds reach an effective concentration in the brain (due to limited bioavailability) or if they can slow down AD progression in long-term trials. The authors suggest that it is crucial for both the pharmacological and complementary medicine industries to conduct and fund those studies to significantly advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sharman
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1322, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Shanmugam Kirubakaran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Cristina Parenti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ahilya Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Georgina Watt
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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23
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Investigation Into the Effects of Tenilsetam on Markers of Neuroinflammation in GFAP-IL6 Mice. Pharm Res 2018; 35:22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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