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Fernando R, Shindyapina AV, Ost M, Santesmasses D, Hu Y, Tyshkovskiy A, Yim SH, Weiss J, Gladyshev VN, Grune T, Castro JP. Downregulation of mitochondrial metabolism is a driver for fast skeletal muscle loss during mouse aging. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1240. [PMID: 38066057 PMCID: PMC10709625 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is characterized by the loss of muscle mass, strength and function, mainly attributed to the atrophy of glycolytic fibers. Underlying mechanisms driving the skeletal muscle functional impairment are yet to be elucidated. To unbiasedly uncover its molecular mechanisms, we recurred to gene expression and metabolite profiling in a glycolytic muscle, Extensor digitorum longus (EDL), from young and aged C57BL/6JRj mice. Employing multi-omics approaches we found that the main age-related changes are connected to mitochondria, exhibiting a downregulation in mitochondrial processes. Consistent is the altered mitochondrial morphology. We further compared our mouse EDL aging signature with human data from the GTEx database, reinforcing the idea that our model may recapitulate muscle loss in humans. We are able to show that age-related mitochondrial downregulation is likely to be detrimental, as gene expression signatures from commonly used lifespan extending interventions displayed the opposite direction compared to our EDL aging signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernando
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mario Ost
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Didac Santesmasses
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yan Hu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Sun Hee Yim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79401, USA
| | - Jürgen Weiss
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - José Pedro Castro
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, de Oliveira Gonçalves I, Landi F, Calvani R, Tosato M, Picca A, Marzetti E. Muscle power-related parameters in middle-aged and older Brazilian women: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13186. [PMID: 37580323 PMCID: PMC10425341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to provide normative values for lower-limb muscle power estimated through equations based on the 5 times sit-to-stand (5STS) test in Brazilian older women. In addition, we investigated the association between muscle power parameters and age. The study followed a cross-sectional design. Participants were community-dwelling women. Candidates were considered eligible if they were 18 years or older, lived independently, and possessed sufficient physical and cognitive abilities to perform all measurements required by the protocol. The 5STS test was performed as fast as possible using a standard protocol. Absolute, relative, and allometric muscle power measures were estimated using 5STS-based equations. Two thousand four-hundred seventy-one women participated in the present study. Results indicated that muscle power-related parameters decreased linearly with age. Women 60-69 years showed a marginal reduction in absolute (- 5.2%), relative (- 7.9%), and allometric (- 4.0%) muscle power. A larger reduction was observed in those 70-79 years and reached ¼ of loss in participants ≥ 80, in comparison to middle-aged participants. Pearson's correlation and linear regression analyses indicated that power-related parameters were negatively associated with age. In conclusion, data of the present study provide normative values for lower-limb muscle power parameters according to 5STS-based equations. We observed that muscle power-related parameters declined with age, such that participants 60-69, 70-79, and ≥ 80 years displayed lower absolute and relative muscle power compared middle-aged women. A later decline was observed in allometric muscle power. Relative muscle power declined to a greater extent than other parameters, suggesting a possible window of opportunity for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Center for Geriatric Medicine (Ce.M.I.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Center for Geriatric Medicine (Ce.M.I.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, SS100 km 18, 70010, Casamassima, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Center for Geriatric Medicine (Ce.M.I.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Razi O, Teixeira AM, Tartibian B, Zamani N, Knechtle B. Respiratory issues in patients with multiple sclerosis as a risk factor during SARS-CoV-2 infection: a potential role for exercise. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1533-1559. [PMID: 36411399 PMCID: PMC9684932 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with cytokine storm and is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia problems. The respiratory system is a place of inappropriate activation of the immune system in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and this may cause damage to the lung and worsen both MS and infections.The concerns for patients with multiple sclerosis are because of an enhance risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The MS patients pose challenges in this pandemic situation, because of the regulatory defect of autoreactivity of the immune system and neurological and respiratory tract symptoms. In this review, we first indicate respiratory issues associated with both diseases. Then, the main mechanisms inducing lung damages and also impairing the respiratory muscles in individuals with both diseases is discussed. At the end, the leading role of physical exercise on mitigating respiratory issues inducing mechanisms is meticulously evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Razi O, Tartibian B, Laher I, Govindasamy K, Zamani N, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Suzuki K, Zouhal H. Multimodal Benefits of Exercise in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19. Front Physiol 2022; 13:783251. [PMID: 35492581 PMCID: PMC9048028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.783251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease characterized by plaque formation and neuroinflammation. The plaques can present in various locations, causing a variety of clinical symptoms in patients with MS. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is also associated with systemic inflammation and a cytokine storm which can cause plaque formation in several areas of the brain. These concurring events could exacerbate the disease burden of MS. We review the neuro-invasive properties of SARS-CoV-2 and the possible pathways for the entry of the virus into the central nervous system (CNS). Complications due to this viral infection are similar to those occurring in patients with MS. Conditions related to MS which make patients more susceptible to viral infection include inflammatory status, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, function of CNS cells, and plaque formation. There are also psychoneurological and mood disorders associated with both MS and COVID-19 infections. Finally, we discuss the effects of exercise on peripheral and central inflammation, BBB integrity, glia and neural cells, and remyelination. We conclude that moderate exercise training prior or after infection with SARS-CoV-2 can produce health benefits in patients with MS patients, including reduced mortality and improved physical and mental health of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karuppasamy Govindasamy
- Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Nastaran Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Silvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Quinta de Prados, Edifício Ciências de Desporto, Vila Real, Portugal
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, i3S, Porto, Portugal
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Katsuhiko Suzuki, ; Hassane Zouhal,
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
- *Correspondence: Katsuhiko Suzuki, ; Hassane Zouhal,
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Bitencourt ACS, Timóteo RP, Bazan R, Silva MV, da Silveira Filho LG, Ratkevicius CMA, de Assunção TSF, de Oliveira APS, Luvizutto GJ. Association of Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels with Stroke Severity, Infarct Size, and Muscle Strength in the Acute Phase of Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 31:106187. [PMID: 34749297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patterns of cytokine levels and their association with stroke severity, infarct size, and muscle strength are obscure. We aimed to analyze the immune mediators linked to T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cell patterns and their association with stroke severity, infarct size, and muscle strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included patients with acute stroke (n = 15) and healthy non-disabled individuals (n = 20) aged > 18 years. The dependent variables were stroke severity according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), infarct size on computed tomography, handgrip strength by dynamometry, and global muscle strength according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. The independent variables were the circulating cytokine levels. The cytokine levels were compared between the groups, and correlations between the clinical data were verified. RESULTS The stroke group had higher interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.0001) and IL-10 (p < 0.0001) levels, but lower tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p = 0.036) levels than the control group. IL-10 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-RII) levels were correlated with each other (r = 0.533; p = 0.042) and infarct size (r = 0.653; p = 0.033 and r = 0.689; p = 0.018, respectively). MRC scores were positively and negatively correlated with handgrip strength of the affected side (r = 0.78; p = 0.001) and NIHSS scores (r = -0.87; p < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of some cytokines were associated with changes in the acute phase of stroke, and IL-10 and sTNF-RII levels are potential biomarkers of infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodolfo Pessato Timóteo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Department of Neurology Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo José Luvizutto
- Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abstract
Evidence supports exercise as a first-line option for many chronic diseases. Although recommendations suggest 150 to 300 minutes a week of moderate-intensity or 75 to 150 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, replacing sedentary behaviors with light-intensity activities reduces risks of all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and incidence of CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exercise has positive effects on brain function, cognition, and depressive symptoms. Based on such evidence, health care providers should incorporate evaluation of physical activity into patient care. Patients should be evaluated for readiness and ability to exercise and encouraged to increase activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ann McInnis
- School of Nursing, Middle Tennessee State University, 1500 Greenland Drive, Box 81, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| | - Angela Morehead
- School of Nursing, Middle Tennessee State University, 1500 Greenland Drive, Box 81, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
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Abstract
Introduction Introduction: in individuals with chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia is prevalent and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and the occurrence of cardiovascular complications. Objective: to verify the relationship between sarcopenia and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 209 patients in five hemodialysis units. Demographic, socioeconomic, body composition, clinical laboratory, and functional data were collected. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (grip strength < 27 kg for men and < 16 kg for women; DEXA muscle mass < 7.0 kg/m² for men and < 5.5 kg/m² for women). Inflammation was assessed by C-reactive protein. Results: mean age was 51.9 ± 15.0 years, with a predominance of males (59.3 %). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 29.1 % and that of inflammation was 50.2 %. A Poisson regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was associated with increased hsCRP values (PR: 1.06; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.10; p-value = 0.005); BMI (PR: 0.74; 95 % CI: 0.65-0.84; p-value < 0.001); age (PR: 1.02; 95 % CI: 1.00-1.03; p < 0.001); male (PR: 5.75; 95 % CI: 3.20-10.34; p-value < 0.001); presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (PR: 1.87; 95 % CI: 1.27-2.74; p-value < 0.001); % body fat (PR: 1.07; 95 % CI: 1.04-1.09; p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: the prevalence of sarcopenia can be considered high in this study, as well as inflammation. Being inflamed, presence of DM, being male, increasing age, and % body fat were risk factors for sarcopenia. On the other hand, increased BMI had a protective role.
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Min B, Jeon K, Park JS, Kang Y. Demethylation and derepression of genomic retroelements in the skeletal muscles of aged mice. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13042. [PMID: 31560164 PMCID: PMC6826136 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in DNA methylation influence the aging process and contribute to aging phenotypes, but few studies have been conducted on DNA methylation changes in conjunction with skeletal muscle aging. We explored the DNA methylation changes in a variety of retroelement families throughout aging (at 2, 20, and 28 months of age) in murine skeletal muscles by methyl‐binding domain sequencing (MBD‐seq). The two following contrasting patterns were observed among the members of each repeat family in superaged mice: (a) hypermethylation in weakly methylated retroelement copies and (b) hypomethylation in copies with relatively stronger methylation levels, representing a pattern of “regression toward the mean” within a single retroelement family. Interestingly, these patterns depended on the sizes of the copies. While the majority of the elements showed a slight increase in methylation, the larger copies (>5 kb) displayed evident demethylation. All these changes were not observed in T cells. RNA sequencing revealed a global derepression of retroelements during the late phase of aging (between 20 and 28 months of age), which temporally coincided with retroelement demethylation. Following this methylation drift trend of “regression toward the mean,” aging tended to progressively lose the preexisting methylation differences and local patterns in the genomic regions that had been elaborately established during the early period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkuk Min
- Development and Differentiation Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Korea
| | - Kyuheum Jeon
- Development and Differentiation Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Jung Sun Park
- Development and Differentiation Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Korea
| | - Yong‐Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Korea
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Dynamic Resistance Training Improves Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5382843. [PMID: 31827679 PMCID: PMC6886348 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5382843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke survivors are at substantial risk of recurrent cerebrovascular event or cardiovascular disease. Exercise training offers nonpharmacological treatment for these subjects; however, the execution of the traditional exercise protocols and adherence is constantly pointed out as obstacles. Based on these premises, the present study investigated the impact of an 8-week dynamic resistance training protocol with elastic bands on functional, hemodynamic, and cardiac autonomic modulation, oxidative stress markers, and plasma nitrite concentration in stroke survivors. Twenty-two patients with stroke were randomized into control group (CG, n = 11) or training group (TG, n = 11). Cardiac autonomic modulation, oxidative stress markers, plasma nitrite concentration, physical function and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated before and after 8 weeks. Results indicated that functional parameters (standing up from the sitting position (P = 0.011) and timed up and go (P = 0.042)) were significantly improved in TG. Although not statistically different, both systolic blood pressure (Δ = −10.41 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (Δ = −8.16 mmHg) were reduced in TG when compared to CG. Additionally, cardiac autonomic modulation (sympathovagal balance–LF/HF ratio) and superoxide dismutase were improved, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl levels were reduced in TG when compared to the CG subjects. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that dynamic resistance training with elastic bands may improve physical function, hemodynamic parameters, autonomic modulation, and oxidative stress markers in stroke survivors. These positive changes would be associated with a reduced risk of a recurrent stroke or cardiac event in these subjects.
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Oyake K, Baba Y, Ito N, Suda Y, Murayama J, Mochida A, Kondo K, Otaka Y, Momose K. Cardiorespiratory factors related to the increase in oxygen consumption during exercise in individuals with stroke. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217453. [PMID: 31596863 PMCID: PMC6785174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the cardiorespiratory factors related to the increase in oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) during exercise is essential for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with stroke. However, cardiorespiratory factors related to the increase in [Formula: see text] during exercise in these individuals have not been examined using multivariate analysis. This study aimed to identify cardiorespiratory factors related to the increase in [Formula: see text] during a graded exercise in terms of respiratory function, cardiac function, and the ability of skeletal muscles to extract oxygen. METHODS Eighteen individuals with stroke (aged 60.1 ± 9.4 years, 67.1 ± 30.8 days poststroke) underwent a graded exercise test for the assessment of cardiorespiratory response to exercise. The increases in [Formula: see text] from rest to first threshold and that from rest to peak exercise were measured as a dependent variable. The increases in respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and arterial-venous oxygen difference from rest to first threshold and those from rest to peak exercise were measured as the independent variables. RESULTS From rest to first threshold, the increases in arterial-venous oxygen difference (β = 0.711) and cardiac output (β = 0.572) were significant independent variables for the increase in [Formula: see text] (adjusted R2 = 0.877 p < 0.001). Similarly, from rest to peak exercise, the increases in arterial-venous oxygen difference (β = 0.665) and cardiac output (β = 0.636) were significant factors related to the increase in [Formula: see text] (adjusted R2 = 0.923, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the ability of skeletal muscle to extract oxygen is a major cardiorespiratory factor related to the increase in [Formula: see text] during exercise testing in individuals with stroke. For improved cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with stroke, the amount of functional muscle mass during exercise may need to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Oyake
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuto Baba
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nao Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Suda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Murayama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumi Mochida
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kunitsugu Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Otaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kimito Momose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Coelho-Junior HJ, Picca A, Calvani R, Uchida MC, Marzetti E. If my muscle could talk: Myokines as a biomarker of frailty. Exp Gerontol 2019; 127:110715. [PMID: 31473199 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a potentially reversible state of increased vulnerability to negative health-related outcomes that occurs as a result of multisystem biological impairment and environmental aspects. Given the relevance of this condition in both clinics and research, biomarkers of frailty have been actively sought after. Although several candidate biomarkers of frailty have been identified, none of them has yet been incorporated in the assessment or monitoring of the condition. Over the last years, increasing research interest has been focused on myokines, a set of cytokines, small proteins and proteoglycan peptides that are synthetized, expressed and released by skeletal myocytes in response to muscular contractions. Myokines may act in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner and regulate several processes associated with physical frailty, including muscle wasting, dynapenia, and slowness. This review discusses the rationale to support the use of myokines as biomarkers of frailty in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio J Coelho-Junior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anna Picca
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco C Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Munakomi S. Preventing Muscle Atrophy Following Strokes: A Reappraisal. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1088:593-601. [PMID: 30390272 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy leading to muscle weakness accounts for major cause of disabilities among stroke survivors. It amounts to compromised gait and prevails to viscous cycle of diminished physical capacities and compromised participation in rehabilitative tasks. There is predisposition to recurrent strokes due to added risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Therefore, beyond the shadow of doubt, there is ripple effect of rehabilitation and thereby muscle protection in these subsets of patients. Herein, we highlight upon the newer insights with regard to preventing muscle atrophy following strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Munakomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.
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13
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Xing L, Jing L, Tian Y, Liu S, Lin M, Du Z, Ren G, Sun Q, Shi L, Dai D, Liu S. High prevalence of stroke and uncontrolled associated risk factors are major public health challenges in rural northeast China: A population-based study. Int J Stroke 2019; 15:399-411. [PMID: 31092151 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019851280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke has become a major burden and public health problem in rural China. We aimed to comprehensively assess the current status of stroke burden as well as the associated risk factors in rural northeast China. METHODS This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 10,926 adults (response rate 85.3%) aged ≥40 years residing in rural northeast China. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the representative sample. The prevalent stroke cases were considered as stroke survivors on 31 August 2017. Stroke was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization's recommendations and was classified as ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke based on the results of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The status of related risk factors was also evaluated. RESULTS Of the 10,926 participants, 731 were diagnosed with stroke (602 patients with ischemic stroke, 151 with hemorrhage stroke, and 22 with both ischemic stroke and hemorrhage stroke). The crude prevalence of overall stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhage stroke was 6690.5, 5509.8, and 1382.0 per 100,000 people, respectively, and the age-standardized rate was 4903.8, 4041.7, and 990.9 per 100,000 people. Among the overall stroke population, 13.4% were living with consequences of stroke. Hypertension (86.7%), dyslipidemia (37.2%), and diabetes (24.5%) were highly prevalent in stroke participants. However, most of those comorbidities remained uncontrolled (93.7, 44.7, and 88.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION The burden of stroke in rural northeast China was substantial, with a high prevalence of stroke, recurrence, and disabilities. Uncontrolled comorbidities will likely contribute to recurrence and worsening disabilities in the coming decades. Strategies of long-term management of stroke and related risk factors are urgently required in rural northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Disease Control and Prevention of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jing
- Disease Control and Prevention of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmeng Tian
- Disease Control and Prevention of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guocheng Ren
- Central Hospital of Chao Yang City, Chaoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Sun
- Disease Control and Prevention of Chao Yang City, Chaoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Disease Control and Prevention of Liao Yang City, Liaoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Dai
- Disease Control and Prevention of Dan Dong City, Dandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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14
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Oliveira DMG, Aguiar LT, de Oliveira Limones MV, Gomes AG, da Silva LC, de Morais Faria CDC, Scalzo PL. Aerobic Training Efficacy in Inflammation, Neurotrophins, and Function in Chronic Stroke Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 28:418-424. [PMID: 30420316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is an important part of stroke pathophysiology and has both detrimental and beneficial effects after stroke. Besides that the enhancement of neurotrophins seems to be related to improvements in stroke recovery. Evidences suggest that exercise plays a role in modulating anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. However, little is known about its impact in stroke survivors, mainly in chronic stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in changing inflammatory mediators, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (sTNFRI, sTNFRII), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in chronic stroke patients. The secondary objective is to investigate the effects of training in improve mobility and exercise capacity. METHODS This is a randomized controlled trial. Chronic stroke patients will be randomized to an experimental or control group, and will receive group interventions three times per week, over 12 weeks. The experimental group will receive moderate-intensity (60%-80% of maximum heart rate reserve) treadmill exercise. Control group will perform walking training on the ground (<40% of maximum heart rate reserve). Primary outcomes include IL-6, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, IL-10, and BDNF levels. Secondary outcomes include mobility and exercise capacity. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, postintervention, and at the 4-week follow-up. DISCUSSION The findings of this trial have the potential to provide important insights regarding the effects of an aerobic physical program in the inflammatory process and in the neuronal plasticity in stroke persons and its impact on mobility and exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Tavares Aguiar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Gonçalves Gomes
- Neuroscience Programme, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luana Cristina da Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Paula Luciana Scalzo
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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15
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Chhetri JK, de Souto Barreto P, Fougère B, Rolland Y, Vellas B, Cesari M. Chronic inflammation and sarcopenia: A regenerative cell therapy perspective. Exp Gerontol 2018; 103:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Gambassi BB, Coelho-Junior HJ, Schwingel PA, Almeida FDJF, Gaspar Novais TM, Lauande Oliveira PDL, Sauaia BA, Melo CD, Uchida MC, Rodrigues B. Resistance Training and Stroke: A Critical Analysis of Different Training Programs. Stroke Res Treat 2017; 2017:4830265. [PMID: 29423327 PMCID: PMC5750509 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4830265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a literature review on the overall benefits of resistance training (RT) after stroke and undertake a critical analysis of the resistance exercise programs surveyed (rest interval between sets and exercises, number of sets, number of repetitions, intensity, duration of training, and weekly frequency). To obtain articles for the review, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Inclusion criteria were considered using the PICO (population, intervention, control/comparison, and outcome variables) model. The following characteristics were recorded for all articles: type of study, author, year of publication, participants (time after stroke, sample size, and age), benefits of RT, and structured resistance exercise programs. Positive effects of training were found on anxiety status, quality of life, muscle hypertrophy, cognitive function, strength, and muscle power. Only 5 studies described the main variables of RT in detail. Lack of control of some variables of RT may negatively affect the results of this practice. The findings of the present study may further inform health and physical conditioning professionals on the importance and necessity of using the main variables in the search for benefits for individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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17
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Abad CCC, do Nascimento AM, dos Santos LE, Figueroa D, Ramona P, Sartori M, Scapini KB, Albuquerque O, Moraes-Silva IC, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Rodrigues B, Mostarda CT, De Angelis K, Irigoyen MC. Interval and continuous aerobic exercise training similarly increase cardiac function and autonomic modulation in infarcted mice. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:257-265. [PMID: 28702435 PMCID: PMC5498080 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1734914.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity interval exercise training (ET) on exercise tolerance, cardiac morphometry and function, hemodynamic, and cardiac autonomic modulation in myocardial infarcted mice. Wild-type mice (WT) were divided into four groups: sedentary WT (S); WT myocardium infarction sedentary (IS); WT myocardium infarction underwent to moderate-intensity continuous ET (MICT), and WT myocardium infarction underwent to high-intensity interval ET (MIIT). After 60 days of descending coronary artery ligation, moderate-intensity continuous ET consisted of running at 60% of maximum, while the high-intensity interval training consisted of eight sprints of 4 min at 80% of maximum and a 4-min recovery at 40% of maximum. Both exercises were performed 1 hr a day, 5 days a week, during 8 weeks. Results demonstrated that IS showed elevated exercise tolerance, as well as decreased hemodynamic and heart function, and autonomic control. On the other hand, both programs of ET were equally effective to increase all parameters, without further differences between the groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that myocardial infarction leads to damage in both investigated strains and the two types of physical exercise attenuated the major impairments provoked by myocardial infarction in exercise tolerance, cardiac structure, cardiac function, hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego Figueroa
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Pamella Ramona
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Michele Sartori
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Katia B. Scapini
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Oscar Albuquerque
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas,
Brazil
| | - Cristiano Teixeira Mostarda
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luiz,
Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo,
Brazil
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18
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Gandolfi M, Smania N, Vella A, Picelli A, Chirumbolo S. Assessed and Emerging Biomarkers in Stroke and Training-Mediated Stroke Recovery: State of the Art. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1389475. [PMID: 28373915 PMCID: PMC5360976 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1389475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the increasing update of the biomolecular scientific literature, biomarkers in stroke have reached an outstanding and remarkable revision in the very recent years. Besides the diagnostic and prognostic role of some inflammatory markers, many further molecules and biological factors have been added to the list, including tissue derived cytokines, growth factor-like molecules, hormones, and microRNAs. The literatures on brain derived growth factor and other neuroimmune mediators, bone-skeletal muscle biomarkers, cellular and immunity biomarkers, and the role of microRNAs in stroke recovery were reviewed. To date, biomarkers represent a possible challenge in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of stroke onset, pathogenesis, and recovery. Many molecules are still under investigation and may become promising and encouraging biomarkers. Experimental and clinical research should increase this list and promote new discoveries in this field, to improve stroke diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Gandolfi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- UOC Neurorehabilitation, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Smania
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- UOC Neurorehabilitation, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Vella
- Immunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Picelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- UOC Neurorehabilitation, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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19
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Noller CM, Groah SL, Nash MS. Inflammatory Stress Effects on Health and Function After Spinal Cord Injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2017; 23:207-217. [PMID: 29339896 PMCID: PMC5562028 DOI: 10.1310/sci2303-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Injury to the spinal cord produces immediate, adaptive inflammatory responses that can exacerbate the initial injury and lead to secondary damage. Thus far, researchers and clinicians have focused on modulating acute inflammation to preserve sensorimotor function. However, this singular approach risks overlooking how chronic inflammation negatively impacts the broader health of persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: The aim of this monograph was to discuss interrelated processes causing persistent inflammatory stress after SCI, along with associated health risks. We review archetypal factors that contribute to a chronic inflammatory state, including response to injury, acute infection, and autonomic dysreflexia. Secondary complications producing and exacerbating inflammation are also discussed, including pain, depression, obesity, and injury to the integumentary and skeletal systems. Finally, we discuss the role of bacteria and the gut microbiome in this process and then conclude with a discussion on how a pro-inflammatory phenotype promotes an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease after injury. Conclusions: Effectively managing chronic inflammation should be a high priority for clinicians and researchers who seek to improve the health and life quality of persons with SCI. Chronic inflammation worsens secondary medical complications and amplifies the risk for cardiometabolic disorders after injury, directly impacting both the quality of life and mortality risk after SCI. Inflammation can worsen pain and depression and even hinder neurological recovery. It is, therefore, imperative that countermeasures to chronic inflammation are routinely considered from the point of initial injury and proceeding throughout the lifespan of the individual with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M. Noller
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Suzanne L. Groah
- Paralysis and Recovery Program, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Mark S. Nash
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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20
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Sen CK, Khanna S, Harris H, Stewart R, Balch M, Heigel M, Teplitsky S, Gnyawali S, Rink C. Robot-assisted mechanical therapy attenuates stroke-induced limb skeletal muscle injury. FASEB J 2016; 31:927-936. [PMID: 27895105 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600437r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and optimization of poststroke physical therapy paradigms is challenged in part by a lack of objective tools available to researchers for systematic preclinical testing. This work represents a maiden effort to develop a robot-assisted mechanical therapy (RAMT) device to objectively address the significance of mechanical physiotherapy on poststroke outcomes. Wistar rats were subjected to right hemisphere middle-cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. After 24 h, rats were split into control (RAMT-) or RAMT+ groups (30 min daily RAMT over the stroke-affected gastrocnemius) and were followed up to poststroke d 14. RAMT+ increased perfusion 1.5-fold in stroke-affected gastrocnemius as compared to RAMT- controls. Furthermore, RAMT+ rats demonstrated improved poststroke track width (11% wider), stride length (21% longer), and travel distance (61% greater), as objectively measured using software-automated testing platforms. Stroke injury acutely increased myostatin (3-fold) and lowered brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression (0.6-fold) in the stroke-affected gastrocnemius, as compared to the contralateral one. RAMT attenuated the stroke-induced increase in myostatin and increased BDNF expression in skeletal muscle. Additional RAMT-sensitive myokine targets in skeletal muscle (IL-1ra and IP-10/CXCL10) were identified from a cytokine array. Taken together, outcomes suggest stroke acutely influences signal transduction in hindlimb skeletal muscle. Regimens based on mechanical therapy have the clear potential to protect hindlimb function from such adverse influence.-Sen, C. K., Khanna, S., Harris, H., Stewart, R., Balch, M., Heigel, M., Teplitsky, S., Gnyawali, S., Rink, C. Robot-assisted mechanical therapy attenuates stroke-induced limb skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hallie Harris
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Balch
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mallory Heigel
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Seth Teplitsky
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Surya Gnyawali
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cameron Rink
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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