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Lv Y, Cheng X, Dong Q. SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition, circulating metabolites, and cerebral small vessel disease: a mediation Mendelian Randomization study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:157. [PMID: 38715111 PMCID: PMC11077823 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and SGLT1 inhibitors may have additional beneficial metabolic effects on circulating metabolites beyond glucose regulation, which could contribute to a reduction in the burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Accordingly, we used Mendelian Randomization (MR) to examine the role of circulating metabolites in mediating SGLT2 and SGLT1 inhibition in CSVD. METHODS Genetic instruments for SGLT1/2 inhibition were identified as genetic variants, which were both associated with the expression of encoding genes of SGLT1/2 inhibitors and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. A two-sample two-step MR was used to determine the causal effects of SGLT1/2 inhibition on CSVD manifestations and the mediating effects of 1400 circulating metabolites linking SGLT1/2 inhibition with CSVD manifestations. RESULTS A lower risk of deep cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and small vessel stroke (SVS) was linked to genetically predicted SGLT2 inhibition. Better white matter structure integrity was also achieved, as evidenced by decreased mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), as well as lower deep (DWMH) and periventrivular white matter hyperintensity (PWMH) volume. Inhibiting SGLT2 could also lessen the incidence of severe enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) located at white matter, basal ganglia (BG) and hippocampus (HIP). SGLT1 inhibition could preserve white matter integrity, shown as decreased MD of white matter and DWMH volume. The effect of SGLT2 inhibition on SVS and MD of white matter through the concentration of 4-acetamidobutanoate and the cholesterol to oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1 to 18:2) ratio, with a mediated proportion of 30.3% and 35.5% of the total effect, respectively. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 and SGLT1 inhibition play protective roles in CSVD development. The SGLT2 inhibition could lower the risk of SVS and improve the integrity of white matter microstructure via modulating the level of 4-acetamidobutanoate and cholesterol metabolism. Further mechanistic and clinical studies research are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Lv
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- , 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Razavi-Toosi SMT, Asadi Y, Aboutaleb N, Faezi M. Conditioned Medium Derived From the Human Amniotic Membrane Prevents Brain Damage Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Subacute, Acute, and Chronic Phases in a Rat Model of Stroke. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:843-856. [PMID: 39070200 PMCID: PMC11273199 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2023.5693.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cells isolated from the amniotic membrane can produce and release substances that can regenerate damaged tissues and contain proteins and other factors that via numerous major and minor mechanisms lead to increasing angiogenesis and tissue survival. This research was conducted to prove the defensive characteristics of the secretome in the face of temporary focal cerebral ischemia in mouse stroke models. Methods Cerebral ischemia protocol in a specific area was implemented in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes and then reperfusion was given for 6, 20, and 30 minutes. Within 30 minutes after the start of reperfusion, conditioned medium derived from the human amniotic membrane (AMSC-CM) was poured into the right ventricle (ICV) at a dose of 0.5 μL. Finally, the volume of the injury, cerebral tissue water, sensorimotor activity, and the strength of the blood-brain barrier integrity were evaluated 24 hours after drug injection. Results ICV injection of conditioned medium at the start of reperfusion phase considerably decreased the volume of the injury 6, 20, and 30 hours after reperfusion compared to the MCAO-operated group (P<0.01). Cerebral tissue water in the treatment group decreased considerably after the intervention in comparison with the MCAO group in the core and penumbral area not in the subcortical area (P<0.05). Also, the amount of Evans blue infiltration at all times in the core and half-foot area in the AMSC-CM group was significantly reduced in parallel with the MCAO group (P<0.05). Conclusion Treatment with AMSC-CM during 6-30 h after ischemia-reperfusion insult exerts some beneficial effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. These findings provide an important vision for more complementary research and treatment of stroke. Highlights During ischemia, the brain undergoes a series of harmful pathological events.Mesenchymal stem cells culture medium is called condition medium (CM).CM contains substances that have neuroprotective properties.The use of CM reduces the damage caused by cerebral ischemia. Plain Language Summary The stem cell culture medium is called condition medium (CM). CM contains substances that have neuroprotective properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of CM on injuries caused by stroke. After causing a stroke in rats by closing the artery, the CM was injected into the injury site. The results showed that CM reduced the severity of the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Razavi-Toosi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Yasin Asadi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Faezi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Voogd EJHF, Frega M, Hofmeijer J. Neuronal Responses to Ischemia: Scoping Review of Insights from Human-Derived In Vitro Models. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3137-3160. [PMID: 37380886 PMCID: PMC10477161 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Translation of neuroprotective treatment effects from experimental animal models to patients with cerebral ischemia has been challenging. Since pathophysiological processes may vary across species, an experimental model to clarify human-specific neuronal pathomechanisms may help. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on human neuronal in vitro models that have been used to study neuronal responses to ischemia or hypoxia, the parts of the pathophysiological cascade that have been investigated in those models, and evidence on effects of interventions. We included 147 studies on four different human neuronal models. The majority of the studies (132/147) was conducted in SH-SY5Y cells, which is a cancerous cell line derived from a single neuroblastoma patient. Of these, 119/132 used undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, that lack many neuronal characteristics. Two studies used healthy human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neuronal networks. Most studies used microscopic measures and established hypoxia induced cell death, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Only one study investigated the effect of hypoxia on neuronal network functionality using micro-electrode arrays. Treatment targets included oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and neuronal network stimulation. We discuss (dis)advantages of the various model systems and propose future perspectives for research into human neuronal responses to ischemia or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J H F Voogd
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Monica Frega
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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Kim SG, George NP, Hwang JS, Park S, Kim MO, Lee SH, Lee G. Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Applications in Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment and Integrated Omics Analysis for Successful Stem Cell Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050621. [PMID: 37237691 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which are chronic and progressive diseases, are a growing health concern. Among the therapeutic methods, stem-cell-based therapy is an attractive approach to NDD treatment owing to stem cells' characteristics such as their angiogenic ability, anti-inflammatory, paracrine, and anti-apoptotic effects, and homing ability to the damaged brain region. Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) are attractive NDD therapeutic agents owing to their widespread availability, easy attainability and in vitro manipulation and the lack of ethical issues. Ex vivo hBM-MSC expansion before transplantation is essential because of the low cell numbers in bone marrow aspirates. However, hBM-MSC quality decreases over time after detachment from culture dishes, and the ability of hBM-MSCs to differentiate after detachment from culture dishes remains poorly understood. Conventional analysis of hBM-MSCs characteristics before transplantation into the brain has several limitations. However, omics analyses provide more comprehensive molecular profiling of multifactorial biological systems. Omics and machine learning approaches can handle big data and provide more detailed characterization of hBM-MSCs. Here, we provide a brief review on the application of hBM-MSCs in the treatment of NDDs and an overview of integrated omics analysis of the quality and differentiation ability of hBM-MSCs detached from culture dishes for successful stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Gi Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Nimisha Pradeep George
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Hwang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Behzadifard M, Aboutaleb N, Dolatshahi M, Khorramizadeh M, Mirshekari Jahangiri H, Kord Z, Nazarinia D. Neuroprotective Effects of Conditioned Medium of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC-CM) as a Therapy for Ischemic Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1280-1292. [PMID: 36581731 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the therapeutic potential of stem cells is mainly mediated by their paracrine factors. In order to identify the effects of conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) against stroke, a systematic review was conducted. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases for all available articles relevant to the effects of MSC-CM against the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke until August 2022. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using The STAIR scale. During the systematic search, a total of 356 published articles were found. A total of 15 datasets were included following screening for eligibility. The type of cerebral ischemia was the MCAO model and CM was obtained from MSCs. The results showed that the therapeutic time window can be considered a crucial factor when researchers use MSC-CM for stroke therapy. In addition, MSC-CM therapy contributes to functional recovery and reduces infarct volume after stroke by targeting different cellular signaling pathways. Our findings showed that MSC-CM therapy has the ability to improve functional recovery and attenuate brain infarct volume after ischemic stroke in preclinical studies. We hope our study accelerates needed progress towards clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Behzadifard
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Dolatshahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Maryam Khorramizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - Zeynab Kord
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Donya Nazarinia
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
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Lee DY, Lee SE, Kwon DH, Nithiyanandam S, Lee MH, Hwang JS, Basith S, Ahn JH, Shin TH, Lee G. Strategies to Improve the Quality and Freshness of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8444599. [PMID: 34539792 PMCID: PMC8445711 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8444599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) have been studied for their application to manage various neurological diseases, owing to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, paracrine, and antiapoptotic ability, as well as their homing capacity to specific regions of brain injury. Among mesenchymal stem cells, such as BM-MSCs, adipose-derived MSCs, and umbilical cord MSCs, BM-MSCs have many merits as cell therapeutic agents based on their widespread availability and relatively easy attainability and in vitro handling. For stem cell-based therapy with BM-MSCs, it is essential to perform ex vivo expansion as low numbers of MSCs are obtained in bone marrow aspirates. Depending on timing, before hBM-MSC transplantation into patients, after detaching them from the culture dish, cell viability, deformability, cell size, and membrane fluidity are decreased, whereas reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, and cytosolic vacuoles are increased. Thus, the quality and freshness of hBM-MSCs decrease over time after detachment from the culture dish. Especially, for neurological disease cell therapy, the deformability of BM-MSCs is particularly important in the brain for the development of microvessels. As studies on the traditional characteristics of hBM-MSCs before transplantation into the brain are very limited, omics and machine learning approaches are needed to evaluate cell conditions with indepth and comprehensive analyses. Here, we provide an overview of hBM-MSCs, the application of these cells to various neurological diseases, and improvements in their quality and freshness based on integrated omics after detachment from the culture dish for successful cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mi Ha Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Hwang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Human placental mesenchymal stem cells improve stroke outcomes via extracellular vesicles-mediated preservation of cerebral blood flow. EBioMedicine 2020; 63:103161. [PMID: 33348090 PMCID: PMC7753936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides long-term trans-differentiation into neural cells, benefits of stem cell therapy (SCT) in ischemic stroke may include secretion of protective factors, which partly reflects extracellular vesicle (EVs) released by stem cell. However, the mechanism(s) by which stem cells/EVs limit stroke injury have yet to be fully defined. Methods We evaluated the protection effect of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSC) as a potential form of SCT in experimental ischemic stroke ‘transient middle cerebral artery occusion (MCAO)/reperfusion’ mice model. Findings We found for the first time that intraperitoneal administration of hPMSCs or intravenous hPMSC-derived EVs, given at the time of reperfusion, significantly protected the ipsilateral hemisphere from ischemic injury. This protection was associated with significant restoration of normal blood flow to the post-MCAO brain. More importantly, EVs derived from hPMSC promote paracrine-based protection of SCT in the MCAO model in a cholesterol/lipid-dependent manner. Interpretation Together, our results demonstrated beneficial effects of hPMSC/EVs in experimental stroke models which could permit the rapid “translation” of these cells into clinical trials in the near-term.
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Shin TH, Lee DY, Basith S, Manavalan B, Paik MJ, Rybinnik I, Mouradian MM, Ahn JH, Lee G. Metabolome Changes in Cerebral Ischemia. Cells 2020; 9:E1630. [PMID: 32645907 PMCID: PMC7407387 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is caused by perturbations in blood flow to the brain that trigger sequential and complex metabolic and cellular pathologies. This leads to brain tissue damage, including neuronal cell death and cerebral infarction, manifesting clinically as ischemic stroke, which is the cause of considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. To analyze the underlying biological mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers of ischemic stroke, various in vitro and in vivo experimental models have been established investigating different molecular aspects, such as genes, microRNAs, and proteins. Yet, the metabolic and cellular pathologies of ischemic brain injury remain not fully elucidated, and the relationships among various pathological mechanisms are difficult to establish due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the disease. Metabolome-based techniques can provide clues about the cellular pathologic status of a condition as metabolic disturbances can represent an endpoint in biological phenomena. A number of investigations have analyzed metabolic changes in samples from cerebral ischemia patients and from various in vivo and in vitro models. We previously analyzed levels of amino acids and organic acids, as well as polyamine distribution in an in vivo rat model, and identified relationships between metabolic changes and cellular functions through bioinformatics tools. This review focuses on the metabolic and cellular changes in cerebral ischemia that offer a deeper understanding of the pathology underlying ischemic strokes and contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Da Yeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Man Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Igor Rybinnik
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA; (I.R.); (M.M.M.)
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA; (I.R.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Jung Hwan Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (T.H.S.); (D.Y.L.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Shin TH, Lee DY, Ketebo AA, Lee S, Manavalan B, Basith S, Ahn C, Kang SH, Park S, Lee G. Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Decrease Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migratory Activity by Reducing Membrane Fluidity and Impairing Focal Adhesion. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101475. [PMID: 31627375 PMCID: PMC6835988 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For stem cell-based therapies, the fate and distribution of stem cells should be traced using non-invasive or histological methods and a nanomaterial-based labelling agent. However, evaluation of the biophysical effects and related biological functions of nanomaterials in stem cells remains challenging. Here, we aimed to investigate the biophysical effects of nanomaterials on stem cells, including those on membrane fluidity, using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and traction force, using micropillars of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) labelled with silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles incorporating rhodamine B isothiocyanate (MNPs@SiO2(RITC)). Furthermore, to evaluate the biological functions related to these biophysical changes, we assessed the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, intracellular cytoskeleton, and the migratory activity of MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated hBM-MSCs. Compared to that in the control, cell viability decreased by 10% and intracellular ROS increased by 2-fold due to the induction of 20% higher peroxidized lipid in hBM-MSCs treated with 1.0 µg/µL MNPs@SiO2(RITC). Membrane fluidity was reduced by MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-induced lipid oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, cell shrinkage with abnormal formation of focal adhesions and ~30% decreased total traction force were observed in cells treated with 1.0 µg/µL MNPs@SiO2(RITC) without specific interaction between MNPs@SiO2(RITC) and cytoskeletal proteins. Furthermore, the migratory activity of hBM-MSCs, which was highly related to membrane fluidity and cytoskeletal abnormality, decreased significantly after MNPs@SiO2(RITC) treatment. These observations indicated that the migratory activity of hBM-MSCs was impaired by MNPs@SiO2(RITC) treatment due to changes in stem-cell biophysical properties and related biological functions, highlighting the important mechanisms via which nanoparticles impair migration of hBM-MSCs. Our findings indicate that nanoparticles used for stem cell trafficking or clinical applications should be labelled using optimal nanoparticle concentrations to preserve hBM-MSC migratory activity and ensure successful outcomes following stem cell localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Da Yeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | | | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
| | | | - Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Chanyoung Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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Seo C, Kim SH, Lee HS, Ji M, Min J, Son YJ, Kim IH, Lee K, Paik MJ. Metabolomic study on bleomycin and polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice models. Metabolomics 2019; 15:111. [PMID: 31422500 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) has been used as a disinfectant and biocide, and was known to be harmless and non-toxic. However, in 2011, PHMG used as a humidifier disinfectant was reported to be associated with lung diseases, such as, fibrosis in the toxicant studies on pulmonary fibrosis by PHMG. However, no metabolomics study has been performed in PHMG-induced mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVES We performed a metabolomic study to understand the biochemical events that occur in bleomycin (BLM)- and PHMG-induced mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), LC-tandem MS, and GC-tandem MS. RESULTS The levels of 61 metabolites of 30 amino acids, 13 organic acids, 12 fatty acids, 5 polyamines, and oxidized glutathione were determined in the pulmonary tissues of mice with BLM- and PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis and in normal controls. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis used to compare level of these 61 metabolites in pulmonary tissues. Levels of metabolites were significantly different in the BLM and PHMG groups as compared with the control group. In particular, the BLM- and PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis models showed elevated collagen synthesis and oxidative stress and metabolic disturbance of TCA related organic acids including fumaric acid by NADPH oxidase. In addition, polyamine metabolism showed severe alteration in the PHMG group than that of the BLM group. CONCLUSION This result suggests PHMG will be able to induce pulmonary fibrosis by arginine metabolism and NADPH oxidase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Moongi Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeuk Min
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyeon Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea.
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Suppression of lncRNA RMRP ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-induced neural cells injury by inhibiting autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated apoptosis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181367. [PMID: 30926681 PMCID: PMC6591569 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been inferred to be closely related with the progression of neural ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. RMRP is an lncRNA associated with I/R injury. In order to determine the role of RMRP in I/R injury, the effects of RMRP knockdown on oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated. The effect of OGD/R administration on the expression of RMRP and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, and the effect of RMRP suppression by siRNA on the impairments of cells proliferation and mobility potential due to OGD/R administration were assessed in the current study. At the molecular level, the current study detected the expressions of indicators involved in autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated apoptosis pathways. The OGD/R administration induced the expression of RMRP and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. After RMRP knockdown, the proliferation potential of SH-SY5Y cells was restored, and apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were inhibited. Moreover, RMRP inhibition also increased the invasion and migration of SH-SY5Y cells which were treated with OGD/R. The effects of RMRP suppression on the phenotypes of SH-SY5Y were associated with the inhibition of LC3II, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR as well as the induction of P62 and Bcl-2. Inhibition of RMRP contributed to the improvement of OGD/R-induced neuronal injury, which might be mediated through the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis pathways.
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12
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Aboutaleb N, Faezi M, Nasseri Maleki S, Nazarinia D, Razavi Tousi SMT, Hashemirad N. Conditioned medium obtained from mesenchymal stem cells attenuates focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through activation of ERK1/ERK2-BDNF signaling pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 97:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Barzegar M, Kaur G, Gavins FNE, Wang Y, Boyer CJ, Alexander JS. Potential therapeutic roles of stem cells in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res 2019; 37:101421. [PMID: 30933723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI), produced by an initial interruption of organ blood flow and its subsequent restoration, contributes significantly to the pathophysiologies of stroke, myocardial infarction, renal I/RI, intestinal I/RI and liver I/RI, which are major causes of disability (including transplant failure) and even mortality. While the restoration of blood flow is required to restore oxygen and nutrient requirements, reperfusion often triggers local and systemic inflammatory responses and subsequently elevate the ischemic insult where the duration of ischemia determines the magnitude of I/RI damage. I/RI increases vascular leakage, changes transcriptional and cell death programs, drives leukocyte entrapment and inflammation and oxidative stress in tissues. Therapeutic approaches which reduce complications associated with I/RI are desperately needed to address the clinical and economic burden created by I/RI. Stem cells (SC) represent ubiquitous and uncommitted cell populations with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into one or more developmental 'fates'. Like immune cells, stem cells can home to and penetrate I/R-injured tissues, where they can differentiate into target tissues and induce trophic paracrine signaling which suppress injury and maintain tissue functions perturbed by ischemia-reperfusion. This review article summarizes the present use and possible protective mechanisms underlying stem cell protection in diverse forms of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barzegar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - G Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - F N E Gavins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - C J Boyer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J S Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Jiang XC, Xiang JJ, Wu HH, Zhang TY, Zhang DP, Xu QH, Huang XL, Kong XL, Sun JH, Hu YL, Li K, Tabata Y, Shen YQ, Gao JQ. Neural Stem Cells Transfected with Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Polyplexes for Effective Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807591. [PMID: 30633395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs), capable of ischemia-homing, regeneration, and differentiation, exert strong therapeutic potentials in treating ischemic stroke, but the curative effect is limited in the harsh microenvironment of ischemic regions rich in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gene transfection to make NSCs overexpress brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can enhance their therapeutic efficacy; however, viral vectors must be used because current nonviral vectors are unable to efficiently transfect NSCs. The first polymeric vector, ROS-responsive charge-reversal poly[(2-acryloyl)ethyl(p-boronic acid benzyl)diethylammonium bromide] (B-PDEA), is shown here, that mediates efficient gene transfection of NSCs and greatly enhances their therapeutics in ischemic stroke treatment. The cationic B-PDEA/DNA polyplexes can effectively transfect NSCs; in the cytosol, the B-PDEA is oxidized by intracellular ROS into negatively charged polyacrylic acid, quickly releasing the BDNF plasmids for efficient transcription and secreting a high level of BDNF. After i.v. injection in ischemic stroke mice, the transfected NSCs (BDNF-NSCs) can home to ischemic regions as efficiently as the pristine NSCs but more efficiently produce BDNF, leading to significantly augmented BDNF levels, which in turn enhances the mouse survival rate to 60%, from 0% (nontreated mice) or ≈20% (NSC-treated mice), and enables more rapid and superior functional reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Xiang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hui Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Hao Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Lei Kong
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - You-Qing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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15
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Faezi M, Nasseri Maleki S, Aboutaleb N, Nikougoftar M. The membrane mesenchymal stem cell derived conditioned medium exerts neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia by targeting apoptosis. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:21-31. [PMID: 30121327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mesenchymal stem cells derived from human amniotic membrane have the ability to secrete and release some factors that can promote the repair of damaged tissues. This secretome contains proteins and factors that reduce apoptosis and increase angiogenesis in the ischemia/reperfusion models. The present study was conducted to determine whether this secretome provides protection against transient focal cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was established through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 min and 24 h reperfusion. The amniotic mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (AMSC-CM) at the dose of 0.5 μl was injected intracerebroventriculary (ICV) 30 min after reperfusion. Infarct volume, brain edema, neurobehavioral functions, and blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. Neuronal loss and expression of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in motor cortex were evaluated by nissl staining and immunohistochemistry assay respectively. RESULTS ICV administration of AMSC-CM markedly reduced infarct volume, brain edema and the evans blue penetration rate compared with MCAO group (P < 0.05). Additionally, post-treatment with AMSC-CM significantly reduced neuronal loss, neurological motor disorders and expression of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in motor cortex compared with MCAO group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that treatment with AMSC-CM improves the pathological effects in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. These findings establish a substantial foundation for stroke therapy and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Faezi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Nasseri Maleki
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Bidirectional Transcriptome Analysis of Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Activated Microglia in an In Vitro Coculture System. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6126413. [PMID: 30151012 PMCID: PMC6087576 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6126413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia contribute to the regulation of neuroinflammation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of brain diseases. Thus, regulation of neuroinflammation triggered by activated microglia in brain diseases has become a promising curative strategy. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been shown to have therapeutic effects, resulting from the regulation of inflammatory conditions in the brain. In this study, we investigated differential gene expression in rat BM-MSCs (rBM-MSCs) that were cocultured with lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated primary rat microglia using microarray analysis and evaluated the functional relationships through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). We also evaluated the effects of rBM-MSC on LPS-stimulated microglia using a reverse coculture system and the same conditions of the transcriptomic analysis. In the transcriptome of rBM-MSCs, 67 genes were differentially expressed, which were highly related with migration of cells, compared to control. The prediction of the gene network using IPA and experimental validation showed that LPS-stimulated primary rat microglia increase the migration of rBM-MSCs. Reversely, expression patterns of the transcriptome in LPS-stimulated primary rat microglia were changed when cocultured with rBM-MSCs. Our results showed that 65 genes were changed, which were highly related with inflammatory response, compared to absence of rBM-MSCs. In the same way with the aforementioned, the prediction of the gene network and experimental validation showed that rBM-MSCs decrease the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated primary rat microglia. Our data indicate that LPS-stimulated microglia increase the migration of rBM-MSCs and that rBM-MSCs reduce the inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated microglia. The results of this study show complex mechanisms underlying the interaction between rBM-MSCs and activated microglia and may be helpful for the development of stem cell-based strategies for brain diseases.
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17
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Fernandes J, Chandler JD, Liu KH, Uppal K, Go YM, Jones DP. Putrescine as indicator of manganese neurotoxicity: Dose-response study in human SH-SY5Y cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:272-280. [PMID: 29684492 PMCID: PMC6008158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted polyamine metabolism with elevated putrescine is associated with neuronal dysfunction. Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient that causes neurotoxicity in excess, but methods to evaluate biochemical responses to high Mn are limited. No information is available on dose-response effects of Mn on putrescine abundance and related polyamine metabolism. The present research was to test the hypothesis that Mn causes putrescine accumulation over a physiologically adequate to toxic concentration range in a neuronal cell line. We used human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with MnCl2 under conditions that resulted in cell death or no cell death after 48 h. Putrescine and other metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-ultra high-resolution mass spectrometry. Putrescine-related pathway changes were identified with metabolome-wide association study (MWAS). Results show that Mn caused a dose-dependent increase in putrescine over a non-toxic to toxic concentration range. MWAS of putrescine showed positive correlations with the polyamine metabolite N8-acetylspermidine, methionine-related precursors, and arginine-associated urea cycle metabolites, while putrescine was negatively correlated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-related and succinate-related metabolites (P < 0.001, FDR < 0.01). These data suggest that measurement of putrescine and correlated metabolites may be useful to study effects of Mn intake in the high adequate to UL range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joshua D Chandler
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ken H Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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18
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Shin TH, Lee DY, Lee HS, Park HJ, Jin MS, Paik MJ, Manavalan B, Mo JS, Lee G. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics in nanotoxicity studies. BMB Rep 2018; 51:14-20. [PMID: 29301609 PMCID: PMC5796629 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.1.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research involving nanoparticles has produced useful products with medical applications. However, the potential toxicity of nanoparticles in biofluids, cells, tissues, and organisms is a major challenge. The '-omics' analyses provide molecular profiles of multifactorial biological systems instead of focusing on a single molecule. The 'omics' approaches are necessary to evaluate nanotoxicity because classical methods for the detection of nanotoxicity have limited ability in detecting miniscule variations within a cell and do not accurately reflect the actual levels of nanotoxicity. In addition, the 'omics' approaches allow analyses of in-depth changes and compensate for the differences associated with high-throughput technologies between actual nanotoxicity and results from traditional cytotoxic evaluations. However, compared with a single omics approach, integrated omics provides precise and sensitive information by integrating complex biological conditions. Thus, these technologies contribute to extended safety evaluations of nanotoxicity and allow the accurate diagnoses of diseases far earlier than was once possible in the nanotechnology era. Here, we review a novel approach for evaluating nanotoxicity by integrating metabolomics with metabolomic profiling and transcriptomics, which is termed "metabotranscriptomics". [BMB Reports 2018; 51(1): 14-20].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Shin
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University,
Korea
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Da Yeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Moon Suk Jin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | | | - Jung-Soon Mo
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University,
Korea
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499,
Korea
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Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms and Tracking of Transplanted Stem Cells: Implications for Stroke Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2707082. [PMID: 28904531 PMCID: PMC5585684 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2707082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising potential therapeutic strategy to treat cerebral ischemia in preclinical and clinical trials. Currently proposed treatments for stroke employing stem cells include the replacement of lost neurons and integration into the existing host circuitry, the release of growth factors to support and promote endogenous repair processes, and the secretion of extracellular vesicles containing proteins, noncoding RNA, or DNA to regulate gene expression in recipient cells and achieve immunomodulation. Progress has been made to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy and the homing, migration, distribution, and differentiation of transplanted stem cells in vivo using various imaging modalities. Noninvasive and safe tracer agents with high sensitivity and image resolution must be combined with long-term monitoring using imaging technology to determine the optimal therapy for stroke in terms of administration route, dosage, and timing. This review discusses potential therapeutic mechanisms of stem cell transplantation for the treatment of stroke and the limitations of current therapies. Methods to label transplanted cells and existing imaging systems for stem cell labeling and in vivo tracking will also be discussed.
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