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Ma C, Li H, Lu S, Li X. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: the role of oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1400869. [PMID: 39055057 PMCID: PMC11269105 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1400869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune condition affecting the eyes, characterized by proptosis, extraocular muscle involvement, and in severe cases, vision impairment including diplopia, optic neuropathy, and potential blindness. The exact etiology of TAO remains elusive; however, increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacity are pivotal in its pathogenesis. Elevated oxidative stress not only directly damages orbital tissues but also influences thyroid function and autoimmune responses, exacerbating tissue destruction. This review explores the role of oxidative stress in TAO, elucidates its mechanisms, and evaluates the efficacy and limitations of antioxidant therapies in managing TAO. The findings aim to enhance understanding of oxidative stress mechanisms in TAO and propose potential antioxidant strategies for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuwen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xian Li
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Asthana S, Pandey SK, Gautam AS, Singh RK. MK2 inhibitor PF-3644022 shows protective effect in mouse microglial N9 cell line induced with cigarette smoke extract. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14592. [PMID: 39013758 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is suggested as one of the potential links between CS-induced neuronal dysfunction. Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the significant contributors of neuroinflammation, consequently leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Microglia are the key resident macrophage cells in the brain with cell surface TLR4 receptor for responding to various stress signals. The CS constituents promote inflammation and oxidative stress in microglia leading to cytotoxicity through the TLR4-MK2 axis. However, the role of MK2 kinase in CS-induced microglial inflammation is not yet clearly understood. Therefore, we have used an MK2 inhibitor, PF-3644022 to study modulation of CS-extract induced oxidative and inflammatory signaling in a mouse microglial cell line, Furthermore, we also evaluated the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on a direct exposure of enzyme with CS. CS exposure led to microglial cytotoxicity and enhanced the level of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine release by microglial cells. The microglial cells pretreated with MK2 inhibitor, PF-3644022 significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory markers, and improved the level of antioxidant proteins in these cells. In addition, direct exposure of CS showed reduction in the enzymatic activity of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Asthana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Transit campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Transit campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avtar Singh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Transit campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Transit campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Qi L, Song X, Li Y, Sun J, Zhou H, Fan X. Predictive model for the progression of inactive thyroid eye disease: a retrospective study. Endocrine 2024; 84:533-540. [PMID: 37936006 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a model for predicting the progression of inactive thyroid eye disease (TED). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 107 patients with inactive TED, who did not receive any TED treatment during the follow-up period of 3-6 months. A multivariable regression analysis was employed to examine the clinical risk factors influencing the progress of TED and a predictive model based on risk factors was established. RESULTS Seventeen (15.9%) patients had progressed at the last observation. Male (p = 0.024), having smoking history (p = 0.009), compound indicator combined the duration of TED and immunosuppressive treatment history before 3 months (p = 0.026) and more severe diplopia (p = 0.015) were found to be the potential risk factors for progression. Among the subset of patients who exhibited progression, there was a notable escalation in the severity of proptosis (p = 0.021), margin reflex distance-1 (p = 0.031), and clinical activity score (p = 0.011). The multivariable stepwise regression analysis identified positive smoking history as well as untreated and having a duration of TED > 12 months as independent risk factors of TED progression. A predictive model including these risk factors was built, with the AUC (Area Under Curve) score of 0.783. CONCLUSIONS The predictors of TED progression include smoking history and composite indicators of duration time and treatment history. Our model may provide recommendations for immunosuppressive therapy and prognostic predictions for inactive TED patients preparing for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xuefei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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4
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Buonfiglio F, Ponto KA, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ, Gericke A. Redox mechanisms in autoimmune thyroid eye disease. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103534. [PMID: 38527685 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition affecting the orbit and the eye with its adnexa, often occurring as an extrathyroidal complication of Graves' disease (GD). Orbital inflammatory infiltration and the stimulation of orbital fibroblasts, triggering de novo adipogenesis, an overproduction of hyaluronan, myofibroblast differentiation, and eventual tissue fibrosis are hallmarks of the disease. Notably, several redox signaling pathways have been shown to intensify inflammation and to promote adipogenesis, myofibroblast differentiation, and fibrogenesis by upregulating potent cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. While existing treatment options can manage symptoms and potentially halt disease progression, they come with drawbacks such as relapses, side effects, and chronic adverse effects on the optic nerve. Currently, several studies shed light on the pathogenetic contributions of emerging factors within immunological cascades and chronic oxidative stress. This review article provides an overview on the latest advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of TED, with a special focus of the interplay between oxidative stress, immunological mechanisms and environmental factors. Furthermore, cutting-edge therapeutic approaches targeting redox mechanisms will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina A Ponto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - George J Kahaly
- Medicine I (GJK), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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5
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Le Moli R, Naselli A, Giudice FL, Costanzo G, Frasca F, Belfiore A. Temporal trends in the clinical presentation of Graves' orbitopathy: a single-center retrospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02332-3. [PMID: 38488977 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that affects orbital soft tissues and represents the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). The European Group of Graves' Ophthalmopathy (EUGOGO) has attempted to shed light on the European epidemiological picture of GO, suggesting that GO in newly diagnosed patients in recent years has a trend towards a less severe clinical presentation. There are no studies that focus this issue on the population of our area; we aimed to evaluate the trend of GO clinical presentation in our outpatient clinic through an observation period of 10 years. METHODS We compared 55 consecutive patients, 11 males (F) and 44 females (M), who came to our observation from January 2005 to December 2006 [Group 1 (G1)], with 56 patients, 15 males, and 41 females, who were referred to us from 2015 to 2016 [Group 2 (G2)]. We studied the following putative predictors of GO presentation and severity: thyroid function, smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, time from GO diagnosis to referral to our thyroid centre (TGOD), sex and age. RESULTS GO severity was significantly reduced in G2 vs. G1 (p = 0.04). TGOD ≥ 3 months was related to clinical characteristics of GO (severity and Clinical Activity Score ≥ 4) and was an independent predictor of GO severity (p = 0.01). The other variables evaluated had no independent effects. CONCLUSIONS We found that GO severity at presentation was significantly reduced over a ten-year observation period (2005-2006 vs. 2015-2016) in GO patients referred to our tertiary thyroid centre. TGOD ≥ 3 months was an independent predictor of GO severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Le Moli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - A Naselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - F Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - G Costanzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - F Frasca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - A Belfiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Ren C, Carrillo ND, Cryns VL, Anderson RA, Chen M. Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133080. [PMID: 38091799 PMCID: PMC10923067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution stands as one of the most critical challenges affecting human health, with an estimated mortality rate linked to pollution-induced non-communicable diseases projected to range from 20% to 25%. These pollutants not only disrupt immune responses but can also trigger immunotoxicity. Phosphoinositide signaling, a pivotal regulator of immune responses, plays a central role in the development of autoimmune diseases and exhibits high sensitivity to environmental stressors. Among these stressors, environmental pollutants have become increasingly prevalent in our society, contributing to the initiation and exacerbation of autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the intricate interplay between phosphoinositide signaling and autoimmune diseases within the context of environmental pollutants and contaminants. We provide an up-to-date overview of stress-induced phosphoinositide signaling, discuss 14 selected examples categorized into three groups of environmental pollutants and their connections to immune diseases, and shed light on the associated phosphoinositide signaling pathways. Through these discussions, this review advances our understanding of how phosphoinositide signaling influences the coordinated immune response to environmental stressors at a biological level. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into potential research directions and therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating the impact of environmental pollutants on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. SYNOPSIS: Phosphoinositide signaling at the intersection of environmental pollutants and autoimmunity provides novel insights for managing autoimmune diseases aggravated by pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Noah D Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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7
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Schuh A, Ayvaz G, Baldeschi L, Baretić M, Bechtold D, Boschi A, Brix TH, Burlacu MC, Ciric J, Covelli D, Currò N, Donati S, Eckstein AK, Fichter N, Führer D, Horn M, Jabłońska-Pawlak A, Juri Mandić J, Kahaly GJ, Konuk O, Langbein A, Lanzolla G, Marcocci C, Marinò M, Miśkiewicz P, Beleslin BN, Pérez-Lázaro A, Pérez-López M, Ponto KA, Quinn A, Rudofsky G, Salvi M, Schittkowski MP, Tanda ML, Toruner F, Vaidya B, Hintschich CR. Presentation of Graves' orbitopathy within European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) centres from 2012 to 2019 (PREGO III). Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:294-300. [PMID: 36627174 PMCID: PMC10850632 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is subject to epidemiological and care-related changes. Aim of the survey was to identify trends in presentation of GO to the European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) tertiary referral centres and initial management over time. METHODS Prospective observational multicentre study. All new referrals with diagnosis of GO within September-December 2019 were included. Clinical and demographic characteristics, referral timelines and initial therapeutic decisions were recorded. Data were compared with a similar EUGOGO survey performed in 2012. RESULTS Besides age (mean age: 50.5±13 years vs 47.7±14 years; p 0.007), demographic characteristics of 432 patients studied in 2019 were similar to those in 2012. In 2019, there was a decrease of severe cases (9.8% vs 14.9; p<0.001), but no significant change in proportion of active cases (41.3% vs 36.6%; p 0.217). After first diagnosis of GO, median referral time to an EUGOGO tertiary centre was shorter (2 (0-350) vs 6 (0-552) months; p<0.001) in 2019. At the time of first visit, more patients were already on antithyroid medications (80.2% vs 45.0%; p<0.001) or selenium (22.3% vs 3.0%; p<0.001). In 2019, the initial management plans for GO were similar to 2012, except for lid surgery (2.4% vs 13.9%; p<0.001) and prescription of selenium (28.5% vs 21.0%; p 0.027). CONCLUSION GO patients are referred to tertiary EUGOGO centres in a less severe stage of the disease than before. We speculate that this might be linked to a broader awareness of the disease and faster and adequate delivered treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schuh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Goksun Ayvaz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koru Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lelio Baldeschi
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maja Baretić
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia, School of medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dorte Bechtold
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Antonella Boschi
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Maria-Cristina Burlacu
- Department of Endocrinology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jasmina Ciric
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danila Covelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Graves' Orbitopathy Center, La Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore di Milano Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Currò
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Donati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anja K Eckstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Fichter
- Department of Ophthalmology, ADMEDICO orbital centre/University Basel, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maren Horn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Juri Mandić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Kišpatićeva 12, University Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - George J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Onur Konuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Amelie Langbein
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Lanzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Marinò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piotr Miśkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Biljana Nedeljkovic Beleslin
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonia Pérez-Lázaro
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-López
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Katharina A Ponto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony Quinn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Devon University Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Mario Salvi
- Department of Endocrinology, Graves' Orbitopathy Center, La Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore di Milano Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fusun Toruner
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bijay Vaidya
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon University Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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8
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Raho EM, Antonioni A, Cotta Ramusino N, Jubea D, Gragnaniello D, Franceschetti P, Penitenti F, Daniele A, Zatelli MC, Naccarato M, Traluci I, Pugliatti M, Padroni M. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis during Thyrotoxicosis: Case Report and Literature Update. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1557. [PMID: 38003871 PMCID: PMC10672691 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke, particularly in young adults. Several known thrombophilic conditions may lead to an increased CVT risk. Interestingly, few cases in the literature have reported an association between CVT and thyrotoxicosis. Here, we describe the case of a young woman with CVT and concomitant thyrotoxicosis, without any other known prothrombotic conditions. We also performed a literature review of CVT cases and hyperthyroidism, searching for all articles published in peer-reviewed journals. We identified 39 case reports/case series concerning patients with CVT associated with thyrotoxicosis, highlighting, in most cases, the association with additional known prothrombotic factors. We then discussed the possible mechanisms by which hyperthyroidism could underlie a pro-coagulative state resulting in CVT. Thyroid disease might be a more common prothrombotic risk factor than expected in determining CVT. However, in most cases, a coexistence of multiple risk factors was observed, suggesting a multifactorial genesis of the disorder. We hope that this work may alert clinicians to consider thyrotoxicosis as a potential risk factor for CVT, even in patients who apparently have no other pro-coagulative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Maria Raho
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Annibale Antonioni
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.R.); (A.A.)
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Niccolò Cotta Ramusino
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Dina Jubea
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Daniela Gragnaniello
- Neurology Unit, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Franceschetti
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Penitenti
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Daniele
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Traluci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Marina Padroni
- Neurology Unit, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
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9
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Cao F, Liu ZR, Ni QY, Zha CK, Zhang SJ, Lu JM, Xu YY, Tao LM, Jiang ZX, Pan HF. Emerging roles of air pollution and meteorological factors in autoimmune eye diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116116. [PMID: 37182831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune eye diseases (AEDs), a collection of autoimmune inflammatory ocular conditions resulting from the dysregulation of immune system at the ocular level, can target both intraocular and periorbital structures leading to severe visual deficit and blindness globally. The roles of air pollution and meteorological factors in the initiation and progression of AEDs have been increasingly attractive, among which the systemic and local mechanisms are both involved in. Exposure to excessive air pollution and extreme meteorological conditions including PM2.5/PM0.1, environmental tobacco smoke, insufficient sunshine, and high temperature, etc., can disturb Th17/Treg balance, regulate macrophage polarization, activate neutrophils, induce systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, decrease retinal blood flow, promote tissue fibrosis, activate sympathetic nervous system, adversely affect nutrients synthetization, as well as induce heat stress, therefore may together deteriorate AEDs. The crosstalk among inflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulated immune system appeared to be prominent. In the present review, we will concern and summarize the potential mechanisms underlying linkages of air pollution and meteorological factors to ocular autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, we concentrate on the specific roles of air pollutants and meteorological factors in several major AEDs including uveitis, Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), ocular allergic disease (OAD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Hospital, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1155 Binhaier Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin-Yu Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Min Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue-Yang Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Zheng-Xuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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10
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Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 37508003 PMCID: PMC10376185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology of these disorders can vary significantly, but emerging research highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress, an imbalance in the redox status characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in driving cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. This review provides an overview of ROS-related processes underlying four extensively studied optic nerve diseases: glaucoma, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and optic neuritis (ON). Furthermore, we present preclinical findings on antioxidants, with the objective of evaluating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
| | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
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11
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Gain C, Song S, Angtuaco T, Satta S, Kelesidis T. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of infections with coronaviruses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1111930. [PMID: 36713204 PMCID: PMC9880066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end organs such as the central nervous system, the lung and the heart. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact on humanity. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections, will set the foundation for development of new treatments to attenuate the impact of infections with coronaviruses on host cells and tissues. During infection of host cells, coronaviruses trigger an imbalance between increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant host responses that leads to increased redox stress. Subsequently, increased redox stress contributes to reduced antiviral host responses and increased virus-induced inflammation and apoptosis that ultimately drive cell and tissue damage and end organ disease. However, there is limited understanding how different coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, manipulate cellular machinery that drives redox responses. This review aims to elucidate the redox mechanisms involved in the replication of coronaviruses and associated inflammation, apoptotic pathways, autoimmunity, vascular dysfunction and tissue damage that collectively contribute to multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Liu WC, Chuang HC, Chou CL, Lee YH, Chiu YJ, Wang YL, Chiu HW. Cigarette Smoke Exposure Increases Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Autophagy, Fibrosis, and Senescence in Kidney Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5696686. [PMID: 35387262 PMCID: PMC8977288 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5696686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We attempted to investigate fully the possible effects of CS on kidney cells. We found that the viability of a human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells) was decreased after treatment with CS extract (CSE). In particular, the effects of CSE at low concentrations did not change the expression of apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, CSE increased autophagy- and fibrosis-related proteins in HK-2 cells. Senescence-related proteins and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) increased after HK-2 cells were treated with CSE. In addition, both RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis data revealed that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway is responsible for the changes in CSE-treated HK-2 cells. CSE increased G6PD expression and its activity. Moreover, the inhibition of G6PD activity increased senescence in HK-2 cells. The inhibition of autophagy reinforced senescence in the CSE-treated cells. In a mouse model of CS exposure, CS caused kidney damage, including tubular injury and glomerulosclerosis. CS increased fibrosis, autophagy, and G6PD expression in kidney tissue sections. In conclusion, CS induced G6PD expression, autophagy, fibrosis, and senescence in kidney cells. G6PD has a protective role in CS-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chih Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhe Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Li Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Cao ZZ, Ao YJ, Zhou SH. The role of cancer stromal fibroblasts in mediating the effects of tobacco-induced cancer cell growth. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:707. [PMID: 34953503 PMCID: PMC8709975 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco products cause a variety of cancers, nicotine and carcinogens are two major factors to link the tobacco products and various cancers. The mechanism of tobacco inducing carcinogenesis and promoting cancer progression have been studied for a long time. However, mainstream studies just focus on the mutagenic characteristics of tobacco product and its properties to induce carcinogenesis of epithelial cells. In the past decades, people began to aware of the significant role of tumor stroma in cancer development and progression. Fibroblasts, which is associated with various cancer in all stage of disease progression, are the dominant cell type in the tumor microenvironment. While only a few studies explore the crosstalk between tobacco-induced fibroblasts and surrounding epithelial cells. Our purpose is to systematically review the effects of tobacco products on fibroblasts and further discuss how these effects affect the development of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Zai Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qinchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin-Jie Ao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qinchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qinchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121871. [PMID: 34944687 PMCID: PMC8698567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It is characterized initially by an inflammatory process, followed by tissue remodeling and fibrosis, leading to proptosis, exposure keratopathy, ocular motility limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy. The pathogenic mechanism is complex and multifactorial. Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for GO, has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage in GO orbital fibroblasts. In addition, an elevation in ROS and antioxidant enzymes is observed in tears, blood, and urine, as well as orbital fibroadipose tissues and fibroblasts from GO patients. In vitro and in vivo studies have examined the efficacy of various antioxidant supplements for GO. These findings suggest a therapeutic role of antioxidants in GO patients. This review summarizes the current understanding of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and potential antioxidants for the treatment of GO.
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15
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Cao J, Su Y, Chen Z, Ma C, Xiong W. The risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:1043-1054. [PMID: 34787691 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to provide an overview of current research into the risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). METHODS To find information about the risk factors for GO, the research database PubMed was searched and relevant articles were obtained to extract information about risk factors. RESULTS Smoking has been widely accepted as an important risk factor and cigarette smoking cessation has been shown to improve the outcome and decrease the onset of GO. Radioactive iodine on the thyroid may induce hyperthyroidism and increase the occurrence of GO. Selenium deficiency is a risk factor for GO and the supplementation of selenium has been an adjuvant therapy. Decreasing stressful life events (SLE) may help improve GO. Imbalance in intestinal flora is essential to GO, with Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli both increased in the digestive tract of the individual with GO. In addition, controlling serum cholesterol may help improve GO since adipogenesis is an important pathological change in its pathogenesis. Considering the correlation between Graves' disease and GO, maintaining normal thyroid function hormone level is the first-line therapeutic strategy to prevent progression of GO. An increase in antibodies such as TSHR and IGF-1R is the main predictor of GO. Besides, gender and gene polymorphism are also risk factors towards GO. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for GO arise from five sources: physical and chemical environment, social-psychological environment, biological environment, the human organism, and genetic codes. Risk factors within these categories may interact with each other and their mechanisms in promoting the development of GO are complex. Research into risk factors for GO may promote emerging fields related to GO such as control of autoantibodies and intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhe Su
- Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuokun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Yu WK, Hwang WL, Wang YC, Tsai CC, Wei YH. Curcumin Suppresses TGF-β1-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation and Attenuates Angiogenic Activity of Orbital Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136829. [PMID: 34202024 PMCID: PMC8268269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbital fibrosis, a hallmark of tissue remodeling in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), is a chronic, progressive orbitopathy with few effective treatments. Orbital fibroblasts are effector cells, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) acts as a critical inducer to promote myofibroblast differentiation and subsequent tissue fibrosis. Curcumin is a natural compound with anti-fibrotic activity. This study aims to investigate the effects of curcumin on TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and on the pro-angiogenic activities of orbital fibroblasts. Orbital fibroblasts from one healthy donor and three patients with GO were collected for primary cell culture and subjected to myofibroblast differentiation under the administration of 1 or 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 h. The effects of curcumin on TGF-β1-induced orbital fibroblasts were assessed by measuring the cellular viability and detecting the expression of myofibroblast differentiation markers, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The pro-angiogenic potential of curcumin-treated orbital fibroblasts was evaluated by examining the transwell migration and tube-forming capacities of fibroblast-conditioned EA.hy926 and HMEC-1 endothelial cells. Treatment of orbital fibroblasts with curcumin inhibited the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and attenuated the expression of CTGF and α-SMA induced by TGF-β1. Curcumin, at the concentration of 5 μg/mL, suppressed 5 ng/mL TGF-β1-induced pro-angiogenic activities of orbital fibroblast-conditioned EA hy926 and HMEC-1 endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that curcumin reduces the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and pro-angiogenic activity in orbital fibroblasts. The results support the potential application of curcumin for the treatment of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kuang Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chih Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (Y.-H.W.)
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17
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Tu W, Yao J, Mei Z, Jiang X, Shi Y. Microarray Data of Lacrimal Gland Implicates Dysregulated Protein Processing in Endoplasmic Reticulum in Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:571151. [PMID: 33613444 PMCID: PMC7888479 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.571151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) has become one of the most common orbital diseases. Although some evidences announced the potential mechanism of pathological changes in extraocular muscle and orbital adipose tissue, little is known about that in lacrimal enlargement of GO patients. Thus, gene expression profiles of lacrimal gland derived from GO patients and normal controls were investigated using the microarray datasets of GSE105149 and GSE58331. The raw data and annotation files of GSE105149 and GSE58331 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Bioinformatics including differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, hub gene identification, and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were successively performed. A total of 173 overlapping DEGs in GSE105149 and GSE58331 were screened out, including 20 up-regulated and 153 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology, KEGG and GSVA analyses of these DEGs showed that the most significant mechanism was closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, we identified 40 module genes and 13 hub genes which were also enriched in the ER-associated terms and pathways. Among the hub genes, five genes including HSP90AA1, HSP90B1, DNAJC10, HSPA5, and CANX may be involved in the dysfunction of protein processing in ER. Taken together, our observations revealed a dysregulated gene network which is essential for protein processing in ER in GO patients. These findings provided a potential mechanism in the progression of lacrimal enlargement in GO patients, as a new insight into GO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Research and Development Center, Chengdu SuAn Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanjun Mei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Shi,
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18
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Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Elia G, Paparo SR, Ruffilli I, Patrizio A, Giusti C, Gonnella D, Cristaudo A, Foddis R, Shoenfeld Y, Fallahi P. Graves' disease: Epidemiology, genetic and environmental risk factors and viruses. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101387. [PMID: 32107168 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in developed Countries. It is more common between 30 and 60 years; 5-10 times more frequent in women. The genetic predisposition accounts for 79% of the risk for GD, while environmental factors for 21%. About 70% of genes associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) are implicated in T-cell function. Among GD endogenous factors, estrogens, X-inactivation and microchimerism are important. Among environmental risk factors, smoking, iodine excess, selenium and vitamin D deficiency, and the occupational exposure to Agent Orange have been associated with GD. Many studies showed that HCV is associated with thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism, in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis (CHC); a significant link has been shown also between HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia and risk for GD. Moreover, IFN-α-treated CHC patients develop GD more frequently. Novel studies are needed about possible risk factors to reduce the occurence of GD in West Countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Debora Gonnella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rudy Foddis
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Yuksel N, Tanriverdi B, Ipteç B, Erel O. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis as an oxidative stress marker in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Orbit 2018; 38:370-375. [PMID: 30560705 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2018.1553191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and its relationship with clinical findings in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods: This study included 52 patients with GO and 34 healthy controls. Tests of TDH were conducted using the novel automated spectrophotometric method. Clinical activity score (CAS) and ophthalmopathy index were evaluated and relationships with native thiol, disulfide levels and disulfide/native thiol % ratios were analyzed. Results: The mean plasma native thiol levels in GO patients were significantly lower than that of normal controls (p = 0.013) . The mean plasma disulfide levels and disulfide/native thiol % ratio were found to be significantly higher in GO patients than in controls (p = 0.041, p = 0.022; respectively). The mean native thiol levels of active GO patients (n = 24) were significantly lower than that of patients with inactive GO (n = 28) (p = 0.044). The mean disulfide levels and disulfide/native thiol % ratios of active GO patients were significantly higher than that of patients with inactive GO (p = 0.034, p = 0.001; respectively). There was a negative correlation between native thiol and CAS (r = -0.532, p = 0.001) and a positive correlation between disulfide/native thiol % ratio and CAS (r = 0.601, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The impairment of TDH indicates the presence of oxidative stress in moderate-to-severe GO, particularly in active GO and smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Yuksel
- Ophthalmology Department, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Burak Tanriverdi
- Medical Faculty, Ophthalmology Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Betul Ipteç
- Medical Faculty, Medical Biochemistry Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Medical Faculty, Medical Biochemistry Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey
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20
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Sánchez-Sevila JL. Thyroid ophthalmopathy of Miguel Hernández Gilabert. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2018; 93:e37-e39. [PMID: 29277433 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Sánchez-Sevila
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Alicante, España.
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21
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The efficacy of intensity modulated radiation therapy in treating thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and predictive factors for treatment response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17533. [PMID: 29235518 PMCID: PMC5727475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated clinical efficacy of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in treating patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and defined predictive factors that associated with treatment response. A total of 178 TAO patients were treated with retro-orbital IMRT with radiation dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions. The immediate and long-term treatment response and complications were evaluated. Besides, logistic-regression analysis was conducted to identify possible predictive factors. TAO symptom score significantly fell from the initiation to 6-month post-treatment (P < 0.001). 134 patients (73.2%) had mild to significant response to IMRT, and 172 patients (96.6%) achieved stabilization of TAO without future progression. Current smoker (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.32–6.29; P = 0.008) and symptom duration longer than 18 months (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.24–8.93; P = 0.017) were identified as independent predictive factors for non-response of TAO to retro-orbital IMRT. Immediate complications were slight and self-limited, and long-term complications mainly included chronic xerophthalmias in12 patients (6.74%) and cataract formation in 4 patients (2.25%). The study suggested that IMRT was a viable option for treating TAO patients, with a satisfactory symptom control ability and acceptable post-treatment complications.
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22
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Novaes P, Diniz Grisolia AB, Smith TJ. Update on thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy with a special emphasis on the ocular surface. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 2:19. [PMID: 28702253 PMCID: PMC5471935 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-016-0037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a condition associated with a wide spectrum of ocular changes, usually in the context of the autoimmune syndrome, Graves’ disease. In this topical review, we attempted to provide a roadmap of the recent advances in current understanding the pathogenesis of TAO, important aspects of its clinical presentation, its impact on the ocular surface, describe the tissue abnormalities frequently encountered, and describe how TAO is managed today. We also briefly review how increased understanding of the disease should culminate in improved therapies for patients with this vexing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Novaes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | - Ana Beatriz Diniz Grisolia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | - Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Brehm Tower, Room 7112, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
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23
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Huang YM, Chang PC, Wu SB, Kau HC, Tsai CC, Liu CJL, Wei YH. Expression and clinical significance of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 101:676-680. [PMID: 27543288 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in human cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and investigate whether a correlation exists between the presence of CTGF protein and clinical parameters of the disease. METHODS The protein expression levels of CTGF were analysed by western blots in cultured orbital fibroblasts from 10 patients with GO and 7 age-matched normal controls. Associations between the protein expression of CTGF and the clinical factors of GO, including clinical demographics, thyroid function, clinical activity score (CAS) and ophthalmopathy index (OI), was evaluated. RESULTS The mean protein expression levels of CTGF in the GO orbital fibroblasts were significantly higher than those of normal controls (p<0.001). Based on further analysis, the protein expression levels of CTGF in the GO orbital fibroblasts had significant correlation with gender (p=0.029), serum levels of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (p=0.029), CAS (p=0.048) and OI (p=0.043). Especially, there was a significant correlation between protein expression levels of CTGF and lid oedema (p=0.037), proptosis (p=0.045) and corneal involvement (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that the protein expression levels of CTGF in the GO orbital fibroblasts were significantly highly expressed than those of normal controls, and the elevated CTGF was associated with clinical characteristics and evolution, indicating CTGF may play a role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Bei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Kau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chih Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Catherine Jui-Ling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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